CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id sigradi2006_e183a
id sigradi2006_e183a
authors Costa Couceiro, Mauro
year 2006
title La Arquitectura como Extensión Fenotípica Humana - Un Acercamiento Basado en Análisis Computacionales [Architecture as human phenotypic extension – An approach based on computational explorations]
source SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 56-60
summary The study describes some of the aspects tackled within a current Ph.D. research where architectural applications of constructive, structural and organization processes existing in biological systems are considered. The present information processing capacity of computers and the specific software development have allowed creating a bridge between two holistic nature disciplines: architecture and biology. The crossover between those disciplines entails a methodological paradigm change towards a new one based on the dynamical aspects of forms and compositions. Recent studies about artificial-natural intelligence (Hawkins, 2004) and developmental-evolutionary biology (Maturana, 2004) have added fundamental knowledge about the role of the analogy in the creative process and the relationship between forms and functions. The dimensions and restrictions of the Evo-Devo concepts are analyzed, developed and tested by software that combines parametric geometries, L-systems (Lindenmayer, 1990), shape-grammars (Stiny and Gips, 1971) and evolutionary algorithms (Holland, 1975) as a way of testing new architectural solutions within computable environments. It is pondered Lamarck´s (1744-1829) and Weismann (1834-1914) theoretical approaches to evolution where can be found significant opposing views. Lamarck´s theory assumes that an individual effort towards a specific evolutionary goal can cause change to descendents. On the other hand, Weismann defended that the germ cells are not affected by anything the body learns or any ability it acquires during its life, and cannot pass this information on to the next generation; this is called the Weismann barrier. Lamarck’s widely rejected theory has recently found a new place in artificial and natural intelligence researches as a valid explanation to some aspects of the human knowledge evolution phenomena, that is, the deliberate change of paradigms in the intentional research of solutions. As well as the analogy between genetics and architecture (Estévez and Shu, 2000) is useful in order to understand and program emergent complexity phenomena (Hopfield, 1982) for architectural solutions, also the consideration of architecture as a product of a human extended phenotype can help us to understand better its cultural dimension.
keywords evolutionary computation; genetic architectures; artificial/natural intelligence
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:49

_id sigradi2004_021
id sigradi2004_021
authors Frank Petzold; Dirk Donath; Christian Bürgy
year 2004
title Computer-supported Building Surveying - The Basis for Planning in Existing Built Contexts
source SIGraDi 2004 - [Proceedings of the 8th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Porte Alegre - Brasil 10-12 november 2004
summary In view of declining populations and adequate housing provision in the western world, building in existing built contexts is becoming increasingly relevant. The conservation and use of existing buildings stock is not only ecologically sound but also an economic imperative. A prerequisite for computer-aided planning for existing buildings is both the use of on-site computer-aided surveying and the integration of all participants and disciplines in the planning process using integrated information and communication systems. The aim of this research project is twofold: to design a practice-relevant software concept for the support of the entire building surveying process embedded in the planning process, and to develop a practice-oriented mobile, digitally supported equipment and system environment for the digital architectural surveying of buildings. This paper will discuss the IT concept of a building surveying system, the software and hardware prototypes developed as well as usability aspects of wearable computers.
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:52

_id 315caadria2004
id 315caadria2004
authors Kuo-Chung Wen, Wei-Lung Chen
year 2004
title Application of Genetic Algorithms to Establish Flooding Evacuation Path Model in Metropolitan Area
source CAADRIA 2004 [Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 89-7141-648-3] Seoul Korea 28-30 April 2004, pp. 557-570
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2004.557
summary This research has shown the difficulties associated with the GIS and the flooding evacuation path search through the huge searching space generated during the network analysis process. This research also presents an approach to these problems by utilizing a search process whose concept is derived from natural genetics. Genetic algorithms (GAs) have been introduced in the optimization problem solving area by Holland (1975) and Goldberg (1989) and have shown their usefulness through numerous applications. We apply GA and GIS to choice flooding evacuation path in metropolitan area in this study. We take the region of Shiji city in Taiwan for case. That could be divided into four parts. First, is to set the population of GA operation. Second, is to choose crossover and mutation. Third, is to calculate the fitness function of each generation and to select the better gene arrangement. Fourth, is to reproduce, after evolution, we can establish Flooding Evacuation Path that more reflect really human action and choice when flood takes place. However we can apply GA to calculate different evacuation path in different time series. Final, we compare and establish real model of evacuation path model to choosing flooding evacuation path.
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:52

_id sigradi2004_420
id sigradi2004_420
authors Leandro do Nascimento Vieira; Patrick Goltsman Moreno; Míriam Struchiner; Blanche Christine Bitner-Mathé
year 2004
title Inovações gráficas para um sistema interativo de aprendizagem em genética clássica [Graphical Innovations for an Interactive Learning System in Classic Genetics]
source SIGraDi 2004 - [Proceedings of the 8th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Porte Alegre - Brasil 10-12 november 2004
summary With the continuous advancement of scientific knowledge more attention has been paid to the accuracy and consistency of graphic representation in Science Education. In addition, the dissemination of web based distance education has increased the development of new educational material and tools; nevertheless many of them have poor efficacy due to the lack of a design that integrates the interdisciplinary needs of the educational project into product planning and development. This paper presents the results of the design of a constructivist computer based learning environment (WEB based or CD-ROM) aimed at the teaching and learning of Classic Genetics. The analyses of results revealed that the prototype design was approved by specialists in the fields of Genetics, Educational Technology, and Informatics; it was also perceived as a powerful learning tool by students.
keywords Layout, Design, Genetics, E-learning
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:54

_id acadia04_162
id acadia04_162
authors Perez, Santiago R.
year 2004
title The Synthetic Sublime
source Fabrication: Examining the Digital Practice of Architecture [Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture and the 2004 Conference of the AIA Technology in Architectural Practice Knowledge Community / ISBN 0-9696665-2-7] Cambridge (Ontario) 8-14 November, 2004, 162-175
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2004.162
summary The distinction between the artificial and the natural has been increasingly challenged as a result of advances in genetics, microbiol¬ogy, and robotics. Beginning with the molecular assemblage of organic systems into complex micro-surfaces and structures, and expanding into the realm of the macro landscape, our understanding of the term Synthetic must be revised. What is the relationship between the component (or part) and the whole, when confronted with the Synthetic? Digitally mediated fabrication technologies, combined with a renewed interest in topology and (bio)logical form, serve to challenge our preconceived notions of space and form. This inquiry will attempt to explore the relationship between traditional assemblies produced by hand, and the production of complex forms through digital rapid prototyping. The impact of D'Arcy Thompson's On Growth and Form will be considered both as a historical juncture and a contemporary source of knowledge for the exploration of new assemblages inspired by topology and biology. In particular, the organic micro-surfaces depicted in France Bourély's Hidden Beauty will be explored, in comparison with the mathematical development of organic forms inspired by Periodic Minimal Surfaces. The analysis of emerging forms and assemblages based on the notion of the Synthetic will be compared with the Organic, and considered within the context of twentieth century art and sculpture. An attempt will be made to establish new modes of inquiry for combining digital and physical explorations of space and form, influenced by advances in micro-scale structures, complex surfaces, and the history of organic form in art.
keywords landscape, form, surface, assemblage
series ACADIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 08:00

_id ddss2004_d-63
id ddss2004_d-63
authors Wen, K.-C. and W.-L. Chen
year 2004
title Applying Genetic Algorithms to Establish Disaster Decision Support System for Flooding Evacuation Path of Hsichih Area in Taiwan
source Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) Developments in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Eindhoven: Eindhoven University of Technology, ISBN 90-6814-155-4, p. 63-75
summary Because of the special geography features and subtropics weather in Taiwan, we need to provide correct information to help people making decision when they are in disaster. So the disaster decision support system must offer proper information of evacuation path to people. This research has shown the difficulties associated with the GIS and the flooding evacuation path search through the huge searching space generated during the network analysis process. This research also presents an approach to these problems by utilizing a search process whose concept is derived from natural genetics. Genetic algorithms (GAs) have been introduced in the optimization problem solving area by Holland (1975) and Goldberg (1989) and have shown their usefulness through numerous applications. We apply GA and GIS to choice flooding evacuation path in metropolitan area in this study. We take the region of Shiji city in Taiwan for case. Firstly, we establish the node relationship of GA calculation, the level of the weight is the standard of the date that is exported by Disaster Database. Secondly, we apply GA to calculate different evacuation path in different time series. Finally, we build the model of choosing flooding evacuation path.
keywords Genetic Algorithms, Decision Support System, GIS, Evacuation Path
series DDSS
last changed 2004/07/03 22:13

_id ascaad2004_paper14
id ascaad2004_paper14
authors Abdel Mohsen, Ashraf M.
year 2004
title Future Space Cities@Universe (Digi-City Vision)
source eDesign in Architecture: ASCAAD's First International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design, 7-9 December 2004, KFUPM, Saudi Arabia
summary A template for the future city has been carved into the heavens. Ever since the beginning of humankind, we have looked to the sky for the opportunity to make a new start in our imperfect world. Between the stars and the darkness we have imagined utopias beyond the reach of our travel technologies, colonizing space with our fantasies. Now we are in the first stages of an electronic revolution, but in the future 50 years later we will be in a mega-digital era which we have to predict, work and search for the reality of that future. Our planet is recently over loaded with different problems, such as pollution, population, nature disasters. Our vast speed of technology and the curiosity of discovering the invisible, leads to study and find out the nearest Future Space Architecture. With the vast acceleration of technology and digital life, we should start to predict the future architecture on, into or behind the Earth. This paper is one of many perceptions of life and architecture behind the Earth in the digital era, Digi-City Vision.
series ASCAAD
email
last changed 2007/04/08 19:47

_id ascaad2004_paper11
id ascaad2004_paper11
authors Abdelfattah, Hesham Khairy and Ali A. Raouf
year 2004
title No More Fear or Doubt: Electronic Architecture in Architectural Education
source eDesign in Architecture: ASCAAD's First International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design, 7-9 December 2004, KFUPM, Saudi Arabia
summary Operating electronic and Internet worked tools for Architectural education is an important, and merely a prerequisite step toward creating powerful tele-collabortion and tele-research in our Architectural studios. The design studio, as physical place and pedagogical method, is the core of architectural education. The Carnegie Endowment report on architectural education, published in 1996, identified a comparably central role for studios in schools today. Advances in CAD and visualization, combined with technologies to communicate images, data, and “live” action, now enable virtual dimensions of studio experience. Students no longer need to gather at the same time and place to tackle the same design problem. Critics can comment over the network or by e-mail, and distinguished jurors can make virtual visits without being in the same room as the pin-up—if there is a pin-up (or a room). Virtual design studios (VDS) have the potential to support collaboration over competition, diversify student experiences, and redistribute the intellectual resources of architectural education across geographic and socioeconomic divisions. The challenge is to predict whether VDS will isolate students from a sense of place and materiality, or if it will provide future architects the tools to reconcile communication environments and physical space.
series ASCAAD
email
last changed 2007/04/08 19:47

_id ascaad2004_paper5
id ascaad2004_paper5
authors Abdelhameed, Wael A.
year 2004
title A Java Program Model for Design-Idea Exploration in Three Dimensions
source eDesign in Architecture: ASCAAD's First International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design, 7-9 December 2004, KFUPM, Saudi Arabia
summary Visual Perception of depictions is the basis of the act of imagining employed in visual design thinking of design process, and consequently in design-idea exploration. Digital-media use plays a significantly important role in these exploration processes. The underlying assumption of the research is that Visual Perception affects Design-Idea Exploration processes. The research investigates and sheds more light on the processes of Visual Perception, which architects use in mass exploration of design ideas. The research is a part of a series that presents a Java program based on creating 3d shapes, in order for architects to explore initial shapes related to design ideas. The initial version of the program, which is a part of another research, creates 3d shapes through controlling their dimensions and insertion point. Functions of painting, controlling the light position, and shading are added to the program that is presented in this research. The research discusses Design-Idea Exploration and Visual Perception and their correlation. The added features of the program that is used as a design medium are also presented and linked to the investigated areas.
series ASCAAD
email
last changed 2007/04/08 19:47

_id 2004_142
id 2004_142
authors Achten, Henri, Jessurun, Joran and de Vries, Bauke
year 2004
title The Desk-Cave - A Low-Cost Versatile Virtual Reality Design and Research Setup Between Desktop and CAVE
source Architecture in the Network Society [22nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-2-4] Copenhagen (Denmark) 15-18 September 2004, pp. 142-147
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2004.142
summary Virtual Reality has become an almost ubiquitous technology in many applications, but it has seen limited success in design support. Reasons for this seem to lie in lack of easily available tools, high threshold for non-programmers, and high cost of equipment. In this paper we describe a Virtual Reality environment that is developed at Design Systems called the Desk-Cave. The Desk-Cave is a low-cost VR setup that combines principles of a CAVE system with a work desk. Architecture students with no specific training in VR technology use the Desk-Cave in design projects both in the early stage and the final presentation stage. The system allows quick transfer to the Desk-Cave and architectural evaluation of design proposals.
keywords Virtual Reality, Architectural Design, Design Process, Cel Shading
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id sigradi2004_349
id sigradi2004_349
authors Adriana Simeone; Roberto Segre; José Ripper Kós
year 2004
title O processo de desenvolvimento da ferramenta cidade interativa [The Developmental Process of an Interactive City Tool]
source SIGraDi 2004 - [Proceedings of the 8th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Porte Alegre - Brasil 10-12 november 2004
summary This paper exposes site .Cidade Interativa. development process, based on: a reflection about importance of users. points of view.s incorporation for space remodelling; a study about theoretical and practical experiences which, in different ways, approached potencialities of participation of a community.s members in a project; and, finally, a investigation of propagation alternatives of individual readings as information source for urban project, trying to enhance points of view that generally remain occult in the form of invisible practices of anonymous users. This site must be understood as concretion of an idea: creating a vehicle from which is possible to become individual readings public, so that these are shared and, also, make them available to people responsible for urban projects as information source.
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id sigradi2004_081
id sigradi2004_081
authors Adriane Borda Almeida da Silva; Paula Roberta Silveira; Cristina Wildt Torrezan
year 2004
title Materiais didáticos paraoensino presencial e não presencial de perspectiva [Pedagogic Materials for Distance and Face-to-face Teaching of Perspective]
source SIGraDi 2004 - [Proceedings of the 8th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Porte Alegre - Brasil 10-12 november 2004
summary The didactic activity related to the teaching of Perspective has been revised considering the possibility offered by the computing tools. This review must evaluate the potentialities of concepts and procedures related to the traditional techniques as sources for architectural graphics expression, before suggesting its suppression. It is possible to improve the accuracy and quickness controlling the visualization parameters of three-dimensional models. On the other hand, it is necessary to explore the development of the ability to construct quick hand made perspectives (sketches). This work searches for the development of a structure to the teaching process, which emphasizes the potentiality of both ways, traditional and computerized. It explores the flexibility of teaching, from face to face to distance learning, and introduces an enlarged structure of knowledge able to support the traditional and also a computerized process of representation.
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id sigradi2004_192
id sigradi2004_192
authors Adrián J. Levy
year 2004
title Espacios 4-d animados - Arquitectura de la música [4-D Animated Spaces - The Architecture of Music]
source SIGraDi 2004 - [Proceedings of the 8th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Porte Alegre - Brasil 10-12 november 2004
summary This project involves the creation of an architecture of music which may be defined as a series of interdisciplinary steps which seek to generate four-dimensional virtual spaces for the materialization of music. This materialization uses music as its .genetic information ., the virtual space as its medium, and the execution time of the musical piece as the fourth dimension to a three-dimensional virtual space. Within this space, each instrument.s execution is represented by a shape whose properties undergo changes resulting from the musical information. Through the use of new Virtual Reality techniques, we will soon have the possibility to be inside the music, as a habitable place. The achievement of this project is to provide the opportunity to experience this representation through virtual animation.
keywords Architecture of music, navigable music, cyberspace, four-dimensional, animation
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id ascaad2004_paper4
id ascaad2004_paper4
authors Ahmad, Sumbul and Scott C. Chase
year 2004
title Design Generation of the Central Asian Caravanserai
source eDesign in Architecture: ASCAAD's First International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design, 7-9 December 2004, KFUPM, Saudi Arabia
summary Challenges for the study of Islamic architecture include its abundance and diversity in expression and its classification based on distinct functional or stylistic types. We address these issues by presenting shape grammars as a methodology for the analysis and design generation of Islamic architecture, with a specific example in the form of a parametric shape grammar for central Asian caravanserais. The grammar is developed by identifying distinct design types. Shape rules are created based on a study of the spatial elements and their organisation in the designs. We illustrate the utility of the grammar by deriving an extant design and as well as, previously unknown designs. We conclude by discussing possible extensions to the current grammar and future work involving the development of a grammar based framework for the comparative analysis of medieval Islamic courtyard buildings.
series ASCAAD
email
last changed 2007/04/08 19:47

_id sigradi2004_254
id sigradi2004_254
authors Airton Cattani
year 2004
title Recursos de animação digital para aprendizagem de leitura de plantas [Digital Animation Resources for Learning the Understanding of Architectural Drawings]
source SIGraDi 2004 - [Proceedings of the 8th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Porte Alegre - Brasil 10-12 november 2004
summary This paper discusses the evolution of the technical resources employed in a website destined for the professional formation of constructors workers throught the interpretation of plans. Developed as a doctoral thesis in the Ph.D. program of Information Technology in Education, the reconstruction of the website is assimilating new resourses of digital animation, allowing a richer and more significative interaction, acording to the principles of Piaget's theory on constructivism that oriented the project's development.
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id ddss2004_ra-19
id ddss2004_ra-19
authors Akamine, A. and A. Nélson Rodrigues da Silva
year 2004
title An Evaluation of Neural Spatial Interaction Models Based on a Practical Application
source Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) Recent Advances in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN: 1-4020-2408-8, p. 19-32
summary One of the serious problems faced by the Brazilian municipalities is the scarcity of resources for building education infrastructure. This asks for an optimal allocation of the available resources that includes, among other things, a rational spatial arrangement of the supply points (i.e., schools) in order to increase the demand coverage (i.e., students). If it is possible to foresee the regions where the demand is going to be concentrated, it is then possible to plan the location of new facilities and to assess the impact on the future level of service of the entire system. Considering that one of the consequences of the location-allocation process is the distribution of trips from demand points to supply points throughout the city, therefore affecting the overall intraurban accessibility conditions to essential services such as education, there is a strong need of models that planners can rely on to predict the future trip distribution patterns. As a result, the objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) when applied to spatial interaction models, the so-called Neural Spatial Interaction Models. This was done in a practical context, in contrast to the more theoretical works commonly found in literature. The practical application showed that the neural spatial interaction model had different performances when compared to the traditional gravity models. In one case the neural models outperformed the gravity models, while on the other case it was just the opposite. The explanation for this may be in the data or in the ANN model formulation, as discussed in the conclusions.
keywords Artificial Neural Networks, Spatial Interaction Models, Education Infrastructure
series DDSS
last changed 2004/07/03 22:13

_id ascaad2004_paper17
id ascaad2004_paper17
authors Al-Attili, Aghlab A. and Richard D. Coyne
year 2004
title Embodiment and Illusion: The Implications of Scale as a Cue for Immersion in Virtual Environments
source eDesign in Architecture: ASCAAD's First International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design, 7-9 December 2004, KFUPM, Saudi Arabia
summary This paper examines the extent to which the issue of scale impinges on our sense of immersion in virtual environments. We consider perception from the point of view of Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology, and describe a study involving extended interviews of a small number of subjects who were presented with static, moving and interactive images of spaces. We test a series of propositions about scale cues, and speculate on the wider phenomenological issues of expectation, metaphor and play.
series ASCAAD
email
last changed 2007/04/08 19:47

_id ascaad2004_paper12
id ascaad2004_paper12
authors Al-Qawasmi, Jamal
year 2004
title Reflections on e-Design: The e-Studio Experience
source eDesign in Architecture: ASCAAD's First International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design, 7-9 December 2004, KFUPM, Saudi Arabia
summary The influence of digital media and information technology on architectural design education and practice is increasingly evident. The practice and learning of architecture is increasingly aided by and dependant on digital media. Digital technologies not only provide new production methods, but also expand our abilities to create, explore, manipulate and compose space. In contemporary design education, there is a continuous demand to deliver new skills in digital media and to rethink architectural design education in the light of the new developments in digital technology. During the academic years 2001-2003, I had the chance to lead the efforts to promote an effective use of digital media for design education at Department of Architecture, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST). Architectural curriculum at JUST dedicated much time for teaching computing skills. However, in this curriculum, digital media was taught in the form of "software use" education. In this context, digital media is perceived and used mainly as a presentation tool. Furthermore, Computer Aided Architectural Design and architectural design are taught in separate courses without interactions between the two.
series ASCAAD
email
last changed 2007/04/08 19:47

_id avocaad_2003_09
id avocaad_2003_09
authors Alexander Asanowicz
year 2003
title Form Follows Media - Experiences of Bialystok School of Architectural Composition
source LOCAL VALUES in a NETWORKED DESIGN WORLD - ADDED VALUE OF COMPUTER AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, Stellingwerff, Martijn and Verbeke, Johan (Eds.), (2004) DUP Science - Delft University Press, ISBN 90-407-2507-1.
summary This paper considers transition from physical modelling to digital methods of the creation of architectural forms. Every type of creation has constructed the proper means of expression and its own methodology. The main thesis of this paper is that a specific character of the composition activity of an architect is determined by the modelling methods. As the research on architectural modelling, the two methods of creating spatial architectural forms (cardboard model and computer model) have been compared. Research has been done on the basis of the same exercise for both media. The process of creation proceeded in the same way, too. As the start point students have found the inspiration. Each student presented photos of existing architectural objects and a text, which explained the reasons of the choice. Next steps were sketches of the idea and realisation of the model. The achieved results of creative activity fully confirm the thesis of the research.
keywords Architecture, Local values, Globalisation, Computer Aided Architectural Design
series AVOCAAD
email
last changed 2006/01/16 21:38

_id avocaad_2003_05
id avocaad_2003_05
authors Alexander Koutamanis
year 2003
title Autonomous mechanisms in architectural design systems
source LOCAL VALUES in a NETWORKED DESIGN WORLD - ADDED VALUE OF COMPUTER AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, Stellingwerff, Martijn and Verbeke, Johan (Eds.), (2004) DUP Science - Delft University Press, ISBN 90-407-2507-1.
summary The development of architectural design systems that describe fully the form, structure and behaviour of a design relies heavily on the incorporation of intelligence in the representations, analyses, transformations and transactions used by the computer. Traditionally such intelligence takes either of two forms. The first is a methodical framework that guides actions supported by the design system (usually in a top-down fashion). The second is local, intelligence mechanisms that resolve discrete, relatively well-defined subproblems (often with limited if any user intervention). Local intelligent mechanisms offer the means for adaptability and transformability in architectural design systems, including the localization of global tendencies. This refers both to the digital design technologies and to the historical, cultural and contextual modifications of design styles and approaches.
keywords Architecture, Local values, Globalisation, Computer Aided Architectural Design
series AVOCAAD
email
last changed 2006/01/16 21:38

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