Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	sigradi2004_275
id	sigradi2004_275
authors	Sabrina Kacher; Jean-Claude Bignon; Gilles Halin; Pascal Humbert
year	2004
title	A semantic indexation method to assist with the architectural design process by images
source	SIGraDi 2004 - [Proceedings of the 8th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Porte Alegre - Brasil 10-12 november 2004
summary	A lot of research shown that designing an architectural solution requires introducing external references other than those existing in the design problem. In our case we choose photographic images to illustrate these references because an image illustrates the graphic part of an architectural concept. For this the information transmitted by photographic image is often easier to interpret by the designer. To assist the design process, we are working on the construction of a reference image database where the designer will find various solutions to his design problem. We have therefore proposed a method for indexing this image database. The following paper tackles the particular question of semantic meaning applied to architectural works. More precisely, we present the results obtained through an experiment following the Chi-square statistic rule, whose objective was to validate the weight associated with the architectural concepts illustrated according to their visual features in images.
keywords	Reference image database, thesaurus, semantic image indexation, experiment
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:59

_id	diss_segers
id	Diss_Segers
authors	Segers, Nicole M.
year	2004
title	Computational Representations of Words and Associations in Architectural Design - Development of a System Supporting Creative Design
source	Eindhoven University of Technology
summary	The aim of this research is to determine what the role of words and associations is in the field of Computer Aided Architectural Design (CAAD), aiming at support for the architect in the early phase of the design process. Aspects that are researched in greater detail are the reduction of fixation and enhancement of creativity by using written words and semantic associations to make graph representations. The research method contains two case studies along with a literature study leading to assertions and hypotheses that are tested with a working prototype in an experiment.
keywords	Words; Associations; Architectural Design; Creative Cognition
series	thesis:PhD
email
more	www.nicolesegers.nl
last changed	2004/03/23 17:19

_id	cf2011_p018
id	cf2011_p018
authors	Sokmenoglu, Ahu; Cagdas Gulen, Sariyildiz Sevil
year	2011
title	A Multi-dimensional Exploration of Urban Attributes by Data Mining
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 333-350.
summary	The paper which is proposed here will introduce an ongoing research project aiming to research data mining as a methodology of knowledge discovery in urban feature analysis. To address the increasing multi-dimensional and relational complexity of urban environments requires a multidisciplinary approach to urban analysis. This research is an attempt to establish a link between knowledge discovery methodologies and automated urban feature analysis. Therefore, in the scope of this research we apply data mining methodologies for urban analysis. Data mining is defined as to extract important patterns and trends from raw data (Witten and Frank, 2005). When applied to discover relationships between urban attributes, data mining can constitute a methodology for the analysis of multi-dimensional relational complexity of urban environments (Gil, Montenegro, Beirao and Duarte, 2009) The theoretical motivation of the research is derived by the lack of explanatory urban knowledge which is an issue since 1970‚Äôs in the area of urban research. This situation is mostly associated with deductive methods of analysis. The analysis of urban system from the perspective of few interrelated factors, without considering the multi-dimensionality of the system in a deductive fashion was not been explanatory enough. (Jacobs, 1961, Lefebvre, 1970 Harvey, 1973) To address the multi-dimensional and relational complexity of urban environments requires the consideration of diverse spatial, social, economic, cultural, morphological, environmental, political etc. features of urban entities. The main claim is that, in urban analysis, there is a need to advance from traditional one dimensional (Marshall, 2004) description and classification of urban forms (e.g. Land-use maps, Density maps) to the consideration of the simultaneous multi-dimensionality of urban systems. For this purpose, this research proposes a methodology consisting of the application of data mining as a knowledge discovery method into a GIS based conceptual urban database built out of official real data of Beyoglu. Generally, the proposed methodology is a framework for representing and analyzing urban entities represented as objects with properties (attributes). It concerns the formulation of an urban entity‚Äôs database based on both available and non-available (constructed from available data) data, and then data mining of spatial and non-spatial attributes of the urban entities. Location or position is the primary reference basis for the data that is describing urban entities. Urban entities are; building floors, buildings, building blocks, streets, geographically defined districts and neighborhoods etc. Urban attributes are district properties of locations (such as land-use, land value, slope, view and so forth) that change from one location to another. Every basic urban entity is unique in terms of its attributes. All the available qualitative and quantitative attributes that is relavant (in the mind of the analyst) and appropriate for encoding, can be coded inside the computer representation of the basic urban entity. Our methodology is applied by using the real and official, the most complex, complete and up-to-dataset of Beyoglu (a historical neighborhood of Istanbul) that is provided by the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (IBB). Basically, in our research, data mining in the context of urban data is introduced as a computer based, data-driven, context-specific approach for supporting analysis of urban systems without relying on any existing theories. Data mining in the context of urban data; ‚Ä¢ Can help in the design process by providing site-specific insight through deeper understanding of urban data. ‚Ä¢ Can produce results that can assist architects and urban planners at design, policy and strategy levels. ‚Ä¢ Can constitute a robust scientific base for rule definition in urban simulation applications such as urban growth prediction systems, land-use simulation models etc. In the paper, firstly we will present the framework of our research with an emphasis on its theoretical background. Afterwards we will introduce our methodology in detail and finally we will present some of important results of data mining analysis processed in Rapid Miner open-source software. Specifically, our research define a general framework for knowledge discovery in urban feature analysis and enable the usage of GIS and data mining as complementary applications in urban feature analysis. Acknowledgments I would like to thank to Nuffic, the Netherlands Organization for International Cooperation in Higher Education, for funding of this research. I would like to thank Ceyhun Burak Akgul for his support in Data Mining and to H. Serdar Kaya for his support in GIS.
keywords	urban feature analysis, data mining, urban database, urban complexity, GIS
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	ascaad2004_paper11
id	ascaad2004_paper11
authors	Abdelfattah, Hesham Khairy and Ali A. Raouf
year	2004
title	No More Fear or Doubt: Electronic Architecture in Architectural Education
source	eDesign in Architecture: ASCAAD's First International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design, 7-9 December 2004, KFUPM, Saudi Arabia
summary	Operating electronic and Internet worked tools for Architectural education is an important, and merely a prerequisite step toward creating powerful tele-collabortion and tele-research in our Architectural studios. The design studio, as physical place and pedagogical method, is the core of architectural education. The Carnegie Endowment report on architectural education, published in 1996, identified a comparably central role for studios in schools today. Advances in CAD and visualization, combined with technologies to communicate images, data, and “live” action, now enable virtual dimensions of studio experience. Students no longer need to gather at the same time and place to tackle the same design problem. Critics can comment over the network or by e-mail, and distinguished jurors can make virtual visits without being in the same room as the pin-up—if there is a pin-up (or a room). Virtual design studios (VDS) have the potential to support collaboration over competition, diversify student experiences, and redistribute the intellectual resources of architectural education across geographic and socioeconomic divisions. The challenge is to predict whether VDS will isolate students from a sense of place and materiality, or if it will provide future architects the tools to reconcile communication environments and physical space.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2007/04/08 19:47

_id	5cf4
id	5cf4
authors	Barrionuevo, Luis F.
year	2004
title	LOS "SPIROSPACES"
source	Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference of Mathematics & Design, Special Edition of the Journal of Mathematics & Design, Volume 4, No.1, pp. 179-187.
summary	This paper deals with “Spirospaces”. These are a conversion to the third dimension of the two dimensional geometric entities called “Spirolaterals”. Abelson, Harold, diSessa and Andera (1968) gave the first rules concerning Spirolaterals. To obtain a Spirolateral from a set of straight lines, the first of them must be one unit long and the following must be incremented one unit at each step, at the same time that they turn in a constant direction. Odds (1973) establish the variation of the rotation direction, either to the left or the right. However, he did not give a mathematical relation able to calculate open Spirolaterals. Krawczyk (2001) developed a computer program that generates Spirolaterals following the method suggested by Abelson. These are Spirolaterals obtained by enumeration without a predictive mathematical formula. Krawczyc went farther proposing Spirolaterals based in curved lines. He pointed out that there are a variety of spirolateral forms that have architectural potentiality. Following this, the architectural potentiality of Spirolaterals is the basis of this paper. To take advantage of that potentiality a computer program was implemented to generate spatial configurations based in Spirolaterals. When a third dimension is given to the Spirolaterals they become Spirospaces. These new entities need spatial and design parameters to be useful for architectural purposes. Barrionuevo and Borsetti (2001) gave results about that work establishing the concept of Spirospaces. The aim of this paper is to describe a work directed to improve rules and procedures concerning Spirospaces. It is expected that these procedures governed by the proposed rules can be employed as tools during the early steps in the architectural design process. In this work some aspects concerning Spirospaces are considered. First, Spirolaterals are presented as the predecessors of Spirospaces. Second, Spirospaces are defined, together with their structural parameters. Architectural modeling is studied at the light of two special elements of the Spirospaces: Interstitial spaces and Object spaces. Next, a computer program is presented as the appropriate tool to model configurations having architectural potentiality. Finally, the results obtained running the computer program are analyzed to determine their possible use as architectural forms. Several graphic illustrations are presented showing steps going from the exploration of spatial alternatives to the selection of a specific configuration to be developed. It is expected that the described computer program could be employed as a design aid tool. As the operation of the program generates a variety of spaces able to dwell architectural objects, it eases the search of configurations suitable to specific functions. The results obtained have the possibility of being exported to computer graphic applications able to add materials, lights and cameras.
keywords	Spirolaterals, Spirospaces, architectural spaces, interstitial spaces, objectual spaces
series	other
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2005/04/07 15:34

_id	acadia04_186
id	acadia04_186
authors	Bell, Bradley
year	2004
title	Digital Tectonics: Structural Patterning of Surface Morphology
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2004.186
source	Fabrication: Examining the Digital Practice of Architecture [Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture and the 2004 Conference of the AIA Technology in Architectural Practice Knowledge Community / ISBN 0-9696665-2-7] Cambridge (Ontario) 8-14 November, 2004, 186-201
summary	The computer in architectural design has shifted from its role as a merely representational device to that of a tool for instrumentalized simulation and fabrication. The desire to make buildings look like a rendering, or to produce photo-realistic images and walkthroughs has given way to an opening of the potentials of software to assist the designer with managing complex geometries, parametric organizational diagrams, structural analysis, and integrated building systems. Simulation has become the means by which virtual space becomes more than just a mirror of reality. It becomes the space within which different potential realities can be tested and evaluated before they are materially implemented. In architecture, information derived from material constraints to site conditions can be constantly fed into the computer models to provide an accurate update, which in turn introduces feedback into the overall design, and change can then be registered in the detail.
keywords	surface, patterns, structure, CAD/CAM, fabrication
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	eaea2003_15-breen
id	eaea2003_15-breen
authors	Breen, J. and Giro, H.
year	2004
title	The DXI Experience. Ten Years of Design Visualization Developments in an Educational Laboratory Context
source	Spatial Simulation and Evaluation - New Tools in Architectural and Urban Design [Proceedings of the 6th European Architectural Endoscopy Association Conference / ISBN 80-227-2088-7], pp. 71-77
summary	Design visualisation is an essential aspect of virtually every form of design enquiry. The effects of potential environmental interventions may be simulated in order to gain the types of insights, which cannot be acquired easily from two-dimensional notations. Three-dimensional representations may be generated for very different reasons. The most direct form of design imaging is traditionally for the benefit of the designer him/herself, in order to test whether the working concepts offer fitting solutions to the complex array of design conditions such as context, programme and feasibility. Alternately, images may be generated for the benefit of communication, in order to offer insights into the expected workings of a particular proposal (possibly including alternatives). This may lead to greater understanding and possibly to reaching consensus amongst different ‘actors’ involved in the design and realisation process. In many cases the results of such visualisation studies contribute to ‘bridging the gap’ between the professionals and other parties involved more indirectly in design decision-making or the appraisal of the proposals. Designers can use distinctly different methods when going about such imaging procedures. Their choices for particular techniques may depend on their familiarity or the availability of certain media devices. Being confronted with new modelling and/or visualisation instruments can stimulate the interest in fresh approaches. In this respect, the design education environment can play an important role in not only teaching ‘proven’ applications to future designers, but also in creating a platform for the active development of innovative approaches to the design visualisation practices: education as a ‘laboratory’ for new insights and potentially a ‘breeding ground’ for the extension of the designer’s instrumentation. This contribution documents the experiences gained in some ten years within an educational application, involving active use of design driven media applications. The emphasis lies on the evolvement of techniques for eye-level imaging, whereby use can be made of different types of models: physical scale models as well as digital, virtual models. Changing attitudes towards dynamic and serial vision are considered, whereby storyboard approaches on the level of integral presentation are considered. By analysing a selection of cases and their underlying approaches an indication is given of the changing attitudes and combinations of multimedia techniques, which offer opportunities to design visualisation and communication.
series	EAEA
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/eaea
last changed	2005/09/09 10:43

_id	acadia04_076
id	acadia04_076
authors	Hanna, Sean
year	2004
title	Modularity and Flexibility at the Small Scale: Evolving Continuous Material Variation with Stereolithography
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2004.076
source	Fabrication: Examining the Digital Practice of Architecture [Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture and the 2004 Conference of the AIA Technology in Architectural Practice Knowledge Community / ISBN 0-9696665-2-7] Cambridge (Ontario) 8-14 November, 2004, 76-87
summary	In this paper, we introduce a technique by which the internal material properties of an object can be optimised at a microstructural level (5x10-5m) to counteract the forces that are applied to it. These can then be fabricated using the rapid prototyping method of stereolithography. The proposed technique is analogous to principles of mass customization and takes advantage of a flexible module to create complex structures in a manner that is computationally efficient and effective. The process is two-staged, in which a genetic algorithm evolves the topology of the microstructure and a second algorithm incorporating Finite Element Analysis then optimises the geometry. The examples shown are designed specifically for the fabrication technique, but the method and general principles are applicable to structural problems at any scale.
keywords	genetic algorithm, rapid prototyping, stereolithography, materials
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	acadia04_230
id	acadia04_230
authors	Johnson, Scott
year	2004
title	Linking Analysis and Architectural Data: Why It's Harder than We Thought
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2004.230
source	Fabrication: Examining the Digital Practice of Architecture [Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture and the 2004 Conference of the AIA Technology in Architectural Practice Knowledge Community / ISBN 0-9696665-2-7] Cambridge (Ontario) 8-14 November, 2004, 230-243
summary	This paper considers high-level, architecturally oriented representations, like Building Information Models (BIMs), and examines the difficulty of integrating analyses with such representations. Structural analysis is selected as a sample analysis domain, and is examined by integrating a structural analysis into the test implementation of a program that utilizes architecturally oriented elements. A fundamental problem is found to be that architecturally oriented elements are inappropriate for structural analysis. Methods for sequentially analyzing architectural elements are discussed, but are found to be inadequate. Accurate analysis requires analyzing the entire structure at once using a representation specific to structural analysis. A method for generating a structural representation based on the architectural representation is discussed, but the process is not simple. The process is complicated by the fact that architectural elements and structural elements do not correspond in a one-to-one or even a one-to-many manner. An accurate structural representation may even require semi-fictitious elements not corresponding to actual physical components. These findings are believed to be true for other analysis domains, as well.
keywords	Representations, Building Information Models, Proteus, structural analysis, finite elements
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	ddss2004_d-209
id	ddss2004_d-209
authors	Lindekens, J. and A. Heylighen
year	2004
title	Re-Using Re-Design Knowledge
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) Developments in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Eindhoven: Eindhoven University of Technology, ISBN 90-6814-155-4, p. 209-224
summary	Addressing the issue of building re-use, this paper reports on the development of a re-design tool, which aims at helping students and novices (and even experienced architects) in understanding design decisions that have steered existing re-design projects. Furthermore the tool tries to support designers in using this understanding in their own design projects. The paper starts by situating the re-design tool within the overall research setup, and continues by motivating the observations that have led to developing this tool. The core of the paper describes the re-design tool itself and illustrates it with a concrete example. Finally, the tool is framed within the wider context of (architectural) design research, so as to explore where the tool accords or collides with generally accepted design theories.
keywords	Design Process, Design Method, Design Strategy, Re-Design, Design Tool
series	DDSS
last changed	2004/07/03 22:13

_id	409caadria2004
id	409caadria2004
authors	Masayuki Okada, Kazuhisa Iki, Sadayuki Shimoda
year	2004
title	Development of CAFM System for LCM on Building Maintenance and Management
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2004.681
source	CAADRIA 2004 [Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 89-7141-648-3] Seoul Korea 28-30 April 2004, pp. 681-692
summary	The purpose of this study is to develop a Computer Aided Facility Management (CAFM) system to assist the optimal Life Cycle Management (LCM) business, especially in the repair and renewal planning works of the inhabited building Life Cycle Cost (LCC). This system is also useful for annual, mid and long term facility maintenance budget planning. Major steps of this study are as follows: (1) A Study on the actual process of the LCM business was undertaken to determine the required functions of the CAFM system. (2) We surveyed the calculation process of the LCC and examined the data processing method in order to determine an efficient LCC calculation method for the CAFM system. (3) Based on the above result, we developed each function required for the CAFM system. (4) The CAFM system was developed by unifying the above functions in a network browser environment such as data transaction management between database, LCC calculation and graphical representation applications. (5) We evaluate the CAFM system by using case studies of LCM works on actual buildings. This system contributes to the efficient maintenance works of the LCC, and is able to support the appropriate scheduling of LCM works.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	ascaad2004_paper6
id	ascaad2004_paper6
authors	Petzold, Frank and Dirk Donath
year	2004
title	Digital Building Surveying and Planning in Existing Building
source	eDesign in Architecture: ASCAAD's First International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design, 7-9 December 2004, KFUPM, Saudi Arabia
summary	For planning in existing built contexts, the building survey is the starting point for initial planning proposals, for the diagnosis and documentation of building damages, for the creation of objectives catalogues, for the detailed design of renovation and conversion measures and for ensuring fulfilment of building legislation, particularly by change of use and refitting. An examination of currently available IT-tools shows insufficient support for planning within existing contexts, most notably a deficit with regard to information capture and administration. In ongoing research at the Bauhaus-Universität Weimar (SFB524- Collaborative research center 524 “Materials and Structure in Revitalization of Buildings”) methods and techniques of revitalisation are being investigated (SFB 524, 2004). A special branch of SFB524- D2 entitled “Planning-Relevant Digital Building Surveying and Information Systems” is investigating possibilities of computer-aided building survey and communication platforms for architects and civil engineers. This paper discusses the concept for a modular surveying system (basic concept, structuring of collected data, separation of geometry from semantic data, and separation into sub-systems) and the prototypical realisation of a system for the complete support of the entire building surveying process for existing buildings. The project aims to contribute to the development of a planning system for existing buildings.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2007/04/08 19:47

_id	ijac20042304
id	ijac20042304
authors	Scaletsky, Celso Carnos
year	2004
title	The Kaléidoscope System to Organize Architectural Design References
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 2 - no. 3, 351-369
summary	The presentation of a new computer-based tool to assist architectural conception demands reflection on the process of creation itself. There is an articulation between typical conceptual procedures and computerized means. We chose one of these procedures: the utilization of external references (not necessarily architectural) to stimulate new design ideas. This is the basis for the experimental computational model "kaléidoscope", which is characterized as an open reference system for architectural design. There are two essential qualities for such a system: 1) The system should permit an individual interpretation and construction of the referential knowledge, considering that 2) references may proceed from fields other than architecture. The computational model begins with a reference, formed by the association of an image to concepts and / or texts. The concepts are graphically represented and organized in thematic thesauri. The "kaléidoscope" system includes several search and navigation modes, allowing access to references as a means to rouse new design ideas.
series	journal
more	http://www.multi-science.co.uk/ijac.htm
last changed	2007/03/04 07:08

_id	179e
id	179e
authors	Schnabel, Marc Aurel
year	2004
title	ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN IN VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS: EXPLORING COGNITION AND COMMUNICATION IN IMMERSIVE VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS
source	Department of Architecture, The University of Hong Kong
summary	There is a distance between the idea in the imagination of a design and its representation, communication and realisation. Architects use a variety of tools to bridge this gap. Each tool places different demands on the designer and each, through inherent characteristics and affordances, introduces reinterpretations of the design idea, thus imposing a divergence between the idea and the expression of the idea. Design is an activity that is greatly complex, influenced by numerous factors. The process may follow rules or established proceedings and traditions. Alternatively, the designer may choose to explore freely with no need to conventions. In all instances, the medium in which the exploration takes place will affect the act of designing to some degree. Tools are chosen, in part, to facilitate the chosen design process. Most researches on Virtual Environments (VE) have focused on their use as presentation or simulation environments. There has been inadequate research in the use of VE for designing. It has been suggested that this tool can empower designers to express, explore and convey their imagination more easily. For these reasons the very different nature of VE may allow architects to create designs that make use of the properties of VE that other tools do not offer in that way. As yet, barely any basic research has examined the use of VE to support the acts of designing. This thesis examines the implications of architectural design within VE. Perception and comprehension of spatial volumes within VE is examined by the comparison of representations using conventional architectural design method. A series of experiments was conducted to investigate the relative effectiveness of both immersive and non-immersive VE by looking at the creation, interpretation and communication of architectural design. The findings suggest why form comprehension and finding may be enhanced within VE activity. The thesis draws conclusions by comparing the results with conventional methods of two-dimensional depictions as they appear on paper or three-dimensional representations such as physical models.
keywords	Virtual Environments; Virtual Environment Design Studio; VeDS; Collaborative Design; Cognition; Communication
series	thesis:PhD
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2005/11/15 05:53

_id	412caadria2004
id	412caadria2004
authors	Todspol Tedrumpun, Walaiporn Nakapan
year	2004
title	Site Measurement With Combination of Pocket PC and Global Positioning System for Preliminary Architectural Design Process
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2004.717
source	CAADRIA 2004 [Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 89-7141-648-3] Seoul Korea 28-30 April 2004, pp. 717-726
summary	This paper presents an alternative method of site measurement for an early design phase. In an early design phase, we consider geomantic information, a kind of technical information crucial for design decision, which can be gathered by a survey. The frame work of this project is originated from a problem of Thai architects’ practice, where we propose GPS system for survey solution. In present day, GPS technology presents various tools to use in survey. However, a high precision GPS device is extremely costly. In this paper we propose low cost devices that give information precise enough to use in an early design phase. To increase accuracy of information, differential equation is used to reduce error of signal altered by atmosphere. Also, information from GPS contains world coordinate information: latitude, longitude, altitude and time, which allows creating 2D map and 3D land form. Architect can instantly use results of site information for many purposes, such as on-site meeting, early design planning and layout design.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	2004_066
id	2004_066
authors	Woessner, Uwe, Kieferle, Joachim and Drosdol, Johannes
year	2004
title	Interaction Methods for Architecture in Virtual Environments
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2004.066
source	Architecture in the Network Society [22nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-2-4] Copenhagen (Denmark) 15-18 September 2004, pp. 66-73
summary	Virtual and Augmented Reality have become common tools in the architectural design process. This technology assists all participants in gaining planning certainty. To interact with the digital models, different input methods are used and adapted by the authors like keyboard, on screen menu, tangible interface, tablet PC and PDA. While every input method has certain advantages and disadvantages, currently tablet PC and PDA best cover the users’ general needs. A usability test shows that reviews with tablet PC are faster compared to other interfaces.
keywords	Human-Computer Interaction, Interface, Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	sigradi2004_257
id	sigradi2004_257
authors	Antonio Serrato-Combe
year	2004
title	Something 's gotta give' architectural animations
source	SIGraDi 2004 - [Proceedings of the 8th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Porte Alegre - Brasil 10-12 november 2004
summary	Architectural animations are like Harry Langer, a fifty-something entertainment mogul played by best actor nominee Jack Nicholson in the film Something.s Gotta Give. They.ve been surrounded by plenty of pathetic spiritless gimmicks. And, like Harry in the film, they have suffered a heart attack. Harry did not die. Architectural animations are still around, barely. Something.s wrong with them. When Harry begins to recover, he.s surprised to find himself growing fond of a woman his own age (played by best actress nominee Dianne Keaton). This is precisely what should happen to architectural animations. They need to come to terms with more mature attitudes and approaches. This paper presents a new and different approach to architectural animations. In ninety nine percent of the cases, architectural animations have been produced at the end of the design process, just when architects or architecture students are ready to present their schemes to an audience or client group. All design decisions have been made. All aspects of the architectural solutions have been set. Tectonic qualities, lighting schemes, construction approaches, everything has been cast in stone. The animation is simply shown as a public relations gesture to broadcast to the audience that the design team is digitally savvy and uses the latest technologies. The proposition contained herein is that animations be used throughout the design process, that is, from beginning to end.
series	SIGRADI
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	2004_350
id	2004_350
authors	Asanowicz, Alexander
year	2004
title	Computer, Creativity and Unpredictability
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2004.350
source	Architecture in the Network Society [22nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-2-4] Copenhagen (Denmark) 15-18 September 2004, pp. 350-357
summary	Computers in designing are usually considered as a tool for preparing technical documentation, storage and managing information, coordinating of flow of design process, modelling and all kind of visualisations (renderings, animation, VR models). At the early design stages, when an idea of the form is created, computer is not used very often. The reason for this is that traditional computer drawing is too completed to be used at this stage. In new methods of supporting creativity, computer should be used for creation of less precise, unpredictable but more inspiring images. This method are based on the thesis that emotional elements have a great affect on the decision making process in designing. Intuition, unpredictability and no logic are the essence of creativity in the selection of associations. Confirmation of this statement we may find in many theories of creativity (theory of incubation elaborated by Wallas, genploration (Finke, Ward and Smith), redundant generation (Lem), synectics (Gordon)). All these theories emphasize the role of unpredictable associations and metaphors in creativity. Process of metaphorisation is characteristic for our era and plays important role in creative process. That’s why we need the new methods of graphic computer and non-computer transformation, which allows us a fuller exploration of design metaphors. The final conclusion is built on the thesis that too precise tools promote cause to decrease differences.
keywords	Creativity; Design Theory; Metaphors
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	ddss2004_ra-161
id	ddss2004_ra-161
authors	Bandini, S., S. Manzoni, and G. Vizzari
year	2004
title	Crowd Modeling and Simulation
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) Recent Advances in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN: 1-4020-2408-8, p. 161-175
summary	The paper introduces a Multi Agent Systems (MAS) approach to crowd modelling and simulation, based on the Situated Cellular Agents (SCA) model. This is a special class of Multilayered Multi Agent Situated System (MMASS), exploiting basic elements of Cellular Automata. In particular SCA model provides an explicit spatial representation and the definition of adjacency geometries, but also a concept of autonomous agent, provided with an internal architecture, an individual state and behaviour. The latter provides different means of space-mediated interaction among agents: synchronous, between adjacent agents, and asynchronous among at-a-distance entities. Heterogeneous entities may be modelled through the specification of different agent types, defining different behaviours and perceptive capabilities. After a brief description of the model, its application to simple crowd behaviours will be given, and an application providing the integration of a bidimensional simulator based on this model and a 3D modelling application (3D Studio) will also be described. The adoption of this kind of system allows the specification and simulation of an architectural design with reference to the behaviour of entities that will act in it. The system is also able to easily produce a realistic visualization of the simulation, in order to facilitate the evaluation of the design and the communication with involved decision-makers. In fact, while experts often require only abstract and analytical results deriving from a quantitative analysis of simulation results, other people involved in the decision-making process related to the design may be helped by qualitative aspects better represented by other forms of graphical visualization.
keywords	Multi-Agent Systems, 3D modelling, Simulation
series	DDSS
last changed	2004/07/03 22:13

_id	cf2011_p157
id	cf2011_p157
authors	Boton, Conrad; Kubicki Sylvain, Halin Gilles
year	2011
title	Understanding Pre-Construction Simulation Activities to Adapt Visualization in 4D CAD Collaborative Tools
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 477-492.
summary	Increasing productivity and efficiency is an important issue in the AEC field. This area is mainly characterized by fragmentation, heterogeneous teams with low lifetimes and many uncertainties. 4D CAD is one of the greatest innovations in recent years. It consists in linking a 3D model of the building with the works planning in order to simulate the construction evolution over time. 4D CAD can fill several needs from design to project management through constructivity analysis and tasks planning (Tommelein 2003). The literature shows that several applications have been proposed to improve the 4D CAD use (Chau et al. 2004; Lu et al. 2007; Seok & al. 2009). In addition, studies have shown the real impact of 4D CAD use in construction projects (Staub-French & Khanzode 2007; Dawood & Sika 2007). More recently, Mahalingam et al. (2010) showed that the collaborative use of 4D CAD is particularly useful during the pre-construction phase for comparing the constructability of working methods, for visually identifying conflicts and clashes (overlaps), and as visual tool for practitioners to discuss and to plan project progress. So the advantage of the 4D CAD collaborative use is demonstrated. Moreover, several studies have been conducted both in the scientific community and in the industrial world to improve it (Zhou et al. 2009; Kang et al. 2007). But an important need that remains in collaborative 4D CAD use in construction projects is about the adaptation of visualization to the users business needs. Indeed, construction projects have very specific characteristics (fragmentation, variable team, different roles from one project to another). Moreover, in the AEC field several visualization techniques can represent the same concept and actors choose one or another of these techniques according to their specific needs related to the task they have to perform. For example, the tasks planning may be represented by a Gantt chart or by a PERT network and the building elements can be depicted with a 3D model or a 2D plan. The classical view (3D + Gantt) proposed to all practitioners in the available 4D tools seems therefore not suiting the needs of all. So, our research is based on the hypothesis that adapting the visualization to individual business needs could significantly improve the collaboration. This work relies on previous ones and aim to develop a method 1) to choose the best suited views for performed tasks and 2) to compose adapted multiple views for each actor, that we call ‚Äúbusiness views‚Äù. We propose a 4 steps-method to compose business views. The first step identifies the users‚Äô business needs, defining the individual practices performed by each actor, identifying his business tasks and his information needs. The second step identifies the visualization needs related to the identified business needs. For this purpose, the user‚Äôs interactions and visualization tasks are described. This enables choosing the most appropriate visualization techniques for each need (step 3). At this step, it is important to describe the visualization techniques and to be able to compare them. Therefore, we proposed a business view metamodel. The final step (step 4) selects the adapted views, defines the coordination mechanisms and the interaction principles in order to compose coordinated visualizations. A final step consists in a validation work to ensure that the composed views really match to the described business needs. This paper presents the latest version of the method and especially presents our latest works about its first and second steps. These include making more generic the business tasks description in order to be applicable within most of construction projects and enabling to make correspondence with visualization tasks.
keywords	Pre-construction, Simulation, 4D CAD, Collaboration, Computer Supported Cooperative Work, Human-Computer Interface, Information visualization, Business view, Model driven engineering
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

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