CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id 2004_342
id 2004_342
authors Sdegno, Alberto
year 2004
title 3D Reconstruction of a Canaletto Painting
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2004.342
source Architecture in the Network Society [22nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-2-4] Copenhagen (Denmark) 15-18 September 2004, pp. 342-348
summary The objective of this research was the analysis of a Canaletto painting that depicts Palladio’s plan for the „Convento della Carità“ in Venice, a plan that was only partially executed. Through the implementation of traditional techniques and digitally controlled instruments, the three dimensional model was reconstructed. It was compared with both Palladio’s original plan, and with the constructed version. A notable difference between the three projects emerged which allowed for a better comprehension- using photogrammetric restitution procedures- of Canaletto’s pictorial work and the corrections that the painter brought to the piece to improve the rendition of the painting. The study ends with an analysis of the natural light painted by Canaletto, and a simulation of sunlight with digital techniques.
keywords Geometric Modeling; Representation Theory; Pesrpective; 3D Reconstruction; Painting Techniques
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 08:00

_id 2004_312
id 2004_312
authors Burry, J., Felicetti, P., Tang, J., Burry, M. and Xie, M.
year 2004
title Dynamical Structural Modeling - A Collaborative Design Exploration
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2004.312
source Architecture in the Network Society [22nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-2-4] Copenhagen (Denmark) 15-18 September 2004, pp. 312-317
summary This paper will report on a generative performative modeling approach that engages architects and structural engineers in close dialog. We focus on knowledge shared between architects and engineers to apply the Finite Element Analysis based structural design technique Evolutionary Structural Optimization [ESO] as a way to understand or corroborate the performance factors that are significant in determining architectural form. ESO is very close conceptually to the dynamical system of matter and forces of growth itself. It has parallels both mathematical and metaphorical with natural evolution and morphogenesis so it has been poignant to apply the approach to a formal architectural case study in which the generative influence of these processes is inherent.
keywords Evolutionary Structural Optimization; Finite Element Analysis; Architect Engineer Collaboration; Performance-Based Design; Form Finding
series eCAADe
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id sigradi2004_050
id sigradi2004_050
authors Filiz Ozel
year 2004
title Standardization of building information management
source SIGraDi 2004 - [Proceedings of the 8th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Porte Alegre - Brasil 10-12 november 2004
summary This article summarizes the history of the standardization efforts in the architectural, engineering and construction industry and focuses on the three phases of the life cycle of a building, namely design, construction and use phases. Data and information needs of each phase tends to be quite different than one another, thus leading to difficulty in seamless exchange and integration between different constituents of the AEC industry. Downstream data users expect the architect to generate digital design information that is usable in the construction and use phases of a building.s life cycle. Recently American Institute of Architects have assembled a congress in Washington DC, bringing together representatives from the AEC/FM industry, government agencies, software industry and academic institutions. This paper is a summary of the presentation this author gave at this congress in April, 2004.
keywords CAD standards, data models, information models, standards development
series SIGRADI
last changed 2016/03/10 09:51

_id acadia08_072
id acadia08_072
authors Frumar, Jerome
year 2008
title An Energy Centric Approach to Architecture: Abstracting the material to co-rationalize design and performance
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2008.072
source Silicon + Skin: Biological Processes and Computation, [Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) / ISBN 978-0-9789463-4-0] Minneapolis 16-19 October 2008, 72-81
summary This paper begins by exploring matter as an aggregated system of energy transactions and modulations. With this in mind, it examines the notion of energy driven form finding as a design methodology that can simultaneously negotiate physical, environmental and fabrication considerations. The digital workspace enables this notion of form finding to re-establish itself in the world of architecture through a range of analytic tools that algorithmically encode real world physics. Simulating the spatial and energetic characteristics of reality enables virtual “form generation models that recognize the laws of physics and are able to create ‘minimum’ surfaces for compression, bending [and] tension” (Cook 2004). The language of energy, common in engineering and materials science, enables a renewed trans-disciplinary dialogue that addresses significant historic disjunctions such as the professional divide between architects and engineers. Design becomes a science of exploring abstracted energy states to discover a suitable resonance with which to tune the built environment. ¶ A case study of one particular method of energy driven form finding is presented. Bi-directional Evolutionary Structural Optimization (BESO) is a generative engineering technique developed at RMIT University. It appropriates natural growth strategies to determine optimum forms that respond to structural criteria by reorganizing their topology. This dynamic topology response enables structural optimization to become an integrated component of design exploration. A sequence of investigations illustrates the flexibility and trans-disciplinary benefits of this approach. Using BESO as a tool for design rather than purely for structural optimization fuses the creative approach of the architect with the pragmatic approach of the engineer, enabling outcomes that neither profession could develop in isolation. The BESO case study alludes to future design processes that will facilitate a coherent unfolding of design logic comparable to morphogenesis.
keywords Energy; Form-Finding; Morphogenesis; Optimization; Structure
series ACADIA
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id 104caadria2004
id 104caadria2004
authors Henry Iskandar Ong
year 2004
title Role of Computer Visualization As a Support for Architect-Client Design Collaboration
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2004.065
source CAADRIA 2004 [Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 89-7141-648-3] Seoul Korea 28-30 April 2004, pp. 65-78
summary This paper discusses the role of computer based visual simulations in the context of bridging the communication gap between client and design team, based on years of practising architecture in the Sumatra region, Indonesia. Its principal objective is to identify steps in design process to assess the design collaboration between bodies with different culture backgrounds, so that greater understanding and agreement can occur. It also attempts to facilitate and foster effective communication which will lead to improved design collaboration practise, in a region famous for its rich vernacular architecture. Two finished projects located at different sites in North Sumatra in which the author was involved, will be included as sample cases.
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:49

_id caadria2007_675
id caadria2007_675
authors Huang, Joseph Chuen-Huei
year 2007
title Decision Support System for Modular Houses
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2007.x.x9q
source CAADRIA 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Nanjing (China) 19-21 April 2007
summary Presently, only a small percentage of people in the world typically hire an architect to design and build a home which is tailored to their preference. Besides the architect’s fee, clients also need to wait an interminable time for design and construction. Factory-made prefabricated housing systems tried to solve this problem previously. However, most pioneers failed to address the issues of variability and individual needs (Kieran & Timberlake, 2004). Plants closed because they produced more than the market demand, and prefabricated housing provided less flexibility than the traditional stick-built housing. The advanced digital technology makes it possible to communicate design ideas and concepts to others more effectively. The project delivery process leads itself to customization, embodying principles of lean production (Pine, 1993), flexible computer-integrated design interaction with clients, and reduced cycle times; all effecting rapid response between consumers and producers.
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id sigradi2004_493
id sigradi2004_493
authors Jean-Pierre Chupin
year 2004
title The "tectonic bug" (The fall of the body in cyberspace)
source SIGraDi 2004 - [Proceedings of the 8th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Porte Alegre - Brasil 10-12 november 2004
summary Architects have been opening up onto cyberspace for more than a decade now. In terms of disciplinary issues, at stake is our ability to inhabit this new space as .designers. and not just as spectators. In the mid 90s, two theories engaged in a major confrontation. The first valued the virtual dimension of architectural space (W. J. Mitchell, City of Bits, 1995), the other valued the tectonic dimension and its constructive poiesis (K. Frampton, Studies in Tectonic Culture, 1995). Although divergent in their view of architecture.s role in the future of our technological societies, both theories revealed aspects of our relationship to the contemporary body that were, and today remain, inseparable. Where Mitchell.s book clearly intends to establish cyberspace as a new playground for architects, giving convincing examples of the programmatic mutations of modern spatiality, Kenneth Frampton.s work, Studies in Tectonic Culture, reexamines the constructive culture underlying the modern conception of space. Neither a simple history text nor a collection of technical poetry, this latter work is a manifesto developing a set of materialist ethics for the discipline of architecture. This "rappel à lordre" to resist the increasing dematerialization of architecture closes tentatively with Le Corbusier.s classic metaphor of the acrobat: The architect, he said, must not look for truth in extremes. Rather, he must struggle constantly to maintain balance. .Nobody asked him to do this. Nobody owes him any thanks. He lives in the extraordinary world of the acrobat.. Following Le Corbusier.s advice, and in consideration of current and recurrent tensions between the virtual and the tectonic, what can we say today of such a delicate equilibrium?
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:53

_id sigradi2004_078
id sigradi2004_078
authors Luisa Rodrigues Félix; Adriane Borda Almeida da Silva; Neusa Mariza Rodrigues Félix
year 2004
title Entre béziers e nurbs: Ensino de formas livres no contexto arquitetônico [Between Béziers and Nurbs: Teaching Free Forms in an Architectural Context]
source SIGraDi 2004 - [Proceedings of the 8th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Porte Alegre - Brasil 10-12 november 2004
summary This work intends to contribute to the use of techniques to represent free forms in didactic activities. It enlarges a previous study using only one technique to represent parametric curves and surfaces. It includes the NURBS technique, without discharging the BEZIER technique used before. Some exercises were structured using both techniques to model a representative example of Architecture: the Ronchamp Chapel . architect Le Corbusier. The tasks were compared to highlight the knowledge elements existing in both activities and its necessity of enlargement to move from one to another. Its is observed that the use of different techniques, as NURBS and Bezier, emphasize the specific characteristics of the geometric entities, establishing the control of parameters for free forms in the context of architectural graphics.
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:55

_id ascaad2004_paper13
id ascaad2004_paper13
authors Mandour, Mohamed Alaa
year 2004
title From “Hard Architecture” to “Soft Architecture”: Architecture Form in the 21st Century
source eDesign in Architecture: ASCAAD's First International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design, 7-9 December 2004, KFUPM, Saudi Arabia
summary The digital revolution is affecting not only the way we produce drawings, but also the way we think about architecture. Such expressionistic, neo-baroque forms would have been unthinkable without higher technology, which allows for customization at a massive scale. Three dimensional computation extends the architect's range, permitting a wealth of experimentation, any form seems possible, the architecture language, the vocabulary changed, and the way design thinking has various dimensions. Within a short space of time the computer has become a widely accepted feature of architecture, both in the design process and in the everyday operation of buildings, and we are constantly aware that the computer's introductions into architecture will eventually have farreaching consequences. After all, the current revolution is not just about the computer as a tool but about its role and effect on the form of architecture and thinking This paper will discuss what form will architecture take in the next years? Will every future problem be anticipated, developing more efficient solutions? Will projects reflect meaningful architecture, for dynamic and contemplative environments and for aesthetic quality? And, how we will stand this unavoidable futurism?
series ASCAAD
email
last changed 2007/04/08 19:47

_id acadia04_040
id acadia04_040
authors Stacey, Michael
year 2004
title Manufacturing Architecture
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2004.040
source Fabrication: Examining the Digital Practice of Architecture [Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture and the 2004 Conference of the AIA Technology in Architectural Practice Knowledge Community / ISBN 0-9696665-2-7] Cambridge (Ontario) 8-14 November, 2004, 40-45
summary This paper will introduce the Digital Fabricators Exhibition, which I have had the pleasure of curating. The exhibition runs in parallel with the conference and was previously exhibited at the Royal Institute of British Architect’s Architecture Pavilion, in Birmingham and the Building Centre, London, during the spring and summer of 2004. The exhibition explores the relationship between architecture, manufacturing techniques and digital technology. The case studies demonstrate the use of digital design to inform the built environment from citywide scale to component assemblies of current and future architecture. The emphasis within the exhibition is on experiential and tactile architecture. The exhibition features an shortlist of projects from international leaders. Each project has been selected for the excellence of the architecture and to illustrate the relevance of wide range of digital fabrication techniques. The exhibition is site specific and the design and content has evolved with each location.
series ACADIA
last changed 2022/06/07 07:56

_id sigradi2011_409
id sigradi2011_409
authors Bertoni, Griselda; De Monte, Andrea
year 2011
title Mediaciones perceptivas. Desafíos en la incorporación de la tecnología como instrumento potenciador del proceso de aprendizaje en el TCG [Perceptual mediation. Challenges in incorporating technology as a tool enhacing the learning process in the TCG]
source SIGraDi 2011 [Proceedings of the 15th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Argentina - Santa Fe 16-18 November 2011, pp. 472-475
summary This work presents an introduction to current problems detected in the teaching and learning of perceptual and communication processes in front of the availability of disipositivos installed and digital media courses to students enrolled for Design and Architecture careers of our faculty. The same seeks to clarify a state of affairs to continue studies already carried out (Stipech 2004), (Bertero 2009), in relation to issues of representation in the design disciplines, while rehearsing possibilities updated theory and practice in the field of workshop.
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id a0d4
id a0d4
authors Rosa Enrich, Andrea Carnicero, Gustavo Fornari & Pedro Orazzi
year 2004
title ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF MATHEMATICAL LEARNING STRUCTURES
source Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference of Mathematics & Design, Spetial Edition of the Journal of Mathematics & Design, Volume 4, No.1, pp. 13-21.
summary Abstract: A series of practical tasks have been done under the general name of “Surfaces in invisible cities”. Each task was based on a story taken from the book The Invisible Cities by Italo Calvino. The research carried out allows to design a pedagogical project which makes evident , generates and connects several intentions, motivations and learning structures. It proposes the use of multi- level languages and readings. Therefore, each task takes more time than that of the proposed mathematical class. Its implementation generates a broader view than that seen at the time of design.

From the detailed analysis of the results obtained, the following diverse pedagogical aspects of this work project arise: a. The use of several multiple intelligence: Howard Gardner (1985) found that a man has several distinct intelligence types among which Logical-Mathematical; Spatial; Linguistic -oriented; Musical; Intra-personal; Kinesthetic-Corporal; Interpersonal stand out. Only those types used in the task will be analyzed, making a brief description of each type. b. The architectonic-city planning aspects: architectonic-city planning interpretation of the space imagined after reading the text, with the purpose of identifying figures, shapes, volumes and colors which are expressed via an analogous space. They consist of visual, architectonic and territorial speculations without a rigorous spatial theory and it is pretended that they possess a technical precision at mathematical concept level. c. The mathematical contents: a study of the conical and square shapes present in the designs done and used in a creative manner in students’ compositions following the reading of the story chosen is carried out. An analysis of shapes is performed and mathematical problems are posed within the design context.

Traditional sketching methods have been used in task solving and the possibilities offered by the virtual tools are analyzed.

Emphasis has been put on the vertical and horizontal interchanges in the Chair, generating changes in knowledge transmission perspectives, thus allowing the sharing of contents, abilities and resources. The architectonic work imagined and created by the students will focus on these different working lines creating a harmonious and significant whole. The work is the result of multiple connections and creative proposals.

keywords city, geometry, multiple intelligence
series other
type normal paper
email
last changed 2005/04/07 12:46

_id avocaad_2003_09
id avocaad_2003_09
authors Alexander Asanowicz
year 2003
title Form Follows Media - Experiences of Bialystok School of Architectural Composition
source LOCAL VALUES in a NETWORKED DESIGN WORLD - ADDED VALUE OF COMPUTER AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, Stellingwerff, Martijn and Verbeke, Johan (Eds.), (2004) DUP Science - Delft University Press, ISBN 90-407-2507-1.
summary This paper considers transition from physical modelling to digital methods of the creation of architectural forms. Every type of creation has constructed the proper means of expression and its own methodology. The main thesis of this paper is that a specific character of the composition activity of an architect is determined by the modelling methods. As the research on architectural modelling, the two methods of creating spatial architectural forms (cardboard model and computer model) have been compared. Research has been done on the basis of the same exercise for both media. The process of creation proceeded in the same way, too. As the start point students have found the inspiration. Each student presented photos of existing architectural objects and a text, which explained the reasons of the choice. Next steps were sketches of the idea and realisation of the model. The achieved results of creative activity fully confirm the thesis of the research.
keywords Architecture, Local values, Globalisation, Computer Aided Architectural Design
series AVOCAAD
email
last changed 2006/01/16 21:38

_id avocaad_2003_17
id avocaad_2003_17
authors Anna Maria Chrabin, Jaroslaw Szewczyk and Herman Neuckermans
year 2003
title A Critical Evaluation of Early Stages Software in its Capacity of Coping with Contextual Issues
source LOCAL VALUES in a NETWORKED DESIGN WORLD - ADDED VALUE OF COMPUTER AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, Stellingwerff, Martijn and Verbeke, Johan (Eds.), (2004) DUP Science - Delft University Press, ISBN 90-407-2507-1.
summary In this paper we analyse critically early design stages software in its capacity of coping with contextual data at large (i.e. representing cultural, aesthetical context, etc.). We identified 5 categories of early stages software: geometry based graphic editors, evaluation architectural software, generative and shape-grammar based systems, evolutionary systems and other systems. Calling the object under creation during of the early stages a CAD conceptual model, we will investigate to what extend this software allows the architect to experience and represent the context in which a design is situated. Especially we will focus on its capacity to allow interaction, playful interaction on our way to the design. Designers, and particularly architects, interact with the local context similarly to interacting in a game: the context influences the users’ decisions, surprises them and causes permanent changes to their ways of thinking. On the other hand, architects permanently shape and reshape the context, and reduce the context to a protean point of reference. Such behaviour characterises creative thinking that is crucial for the early stage of design. The investigation led us to the conclusions that the effective interactivity with the context needs simple rules, a plain interface and data reduced as simple as possible, especially when interaction with the context is performed during the early stages of a design process. The findings can be used in organising computer environments for early-stage design.
keywords Architecture, Local values, Globalisation, Computer Aided Architectural Design
series AVOCAAD
email
last changed 2006/01/16 21:38

_id eaea2003_28-barchougova
id eaea2003_28-barchougova
authors Bartchougova, E. and Rochegova, N.
year 2004
title About Virtual Spatial Modeling in Architectural Education
source Spatial Simulation and Evaluation - New Tools in Architectural and Urban Design [Proceedings of the 6th European Architectural Endoscopy Association Conference / ISBN 80-227-2088-7], pp. 138-142
summary The professional perception of the architectural space characterizes the most advanced level of the architect’s mastership. In the article the virtual modeling is regarded as an effective way of forming the professional perception of integrity of architectural space. Computer technologies bring together bi-dimensional and three-dimensional languages of modeling and thus they help the procedure of movement of consciousness from the plane to volumetric images and back to the visual and mobile. They help to carry out the level-by-level analysis of the multilevel structure of an architectural reality in the mode of active dialogue. The process of interaction of consciousness with the model becomes accessible to studying. There appears an opportunity to manage this process with the aim of forming perception.
series EAEA
more http://info.tuwien.ac.at/eaea
last changed 2005/09/09 10:43

_id eaea2003_21-ws-bartik
id eaea2003_21-ws-bartik
authors Bartik, R.
year 2004
title The Model of the Town Hradec Kralove 2000
source Spatial Simulation and Evaluation - New Tools in Architectural and Urban Design [Proceedings of the 6th European Architectural Endoscopy Association Conference / ISBN 80-227-2088-7], pp. 103-105
summary The work on this model is a unique case not only with regard to its extent but predominantly to the implementation of the most up-to-date model production technologies developed on the basis of research activities in the Institute of Model Design, Faculty of Architecture, Czech Technical University in Prague. The construction of the 2000 HK model was ordered on the basis of tender by the Municipality Office of Hradec Králové – Department of the Architect on occasion of the 775th anniversary of the town’s foundation.
series EAEA
more http://info.tuwien.ac.at/eaea
last changed 2005/09/09 10:43

_id eaea2003_13-bartik
id eaea2003_13-bartik
authors Bartik, R.
year 2004
title Materials and Technologies Utilized in Creation of Architectural Models
source Spatial Simulation and Evaluation - New Tools in Architectural and Urban Design [Proceedings of the 6th European Architectural Endoscopy Association Conference / ISBN 80-227-2088-7], pp. 59-64
summary The preliminary consideration of criteria directly influencing the choice of technology and material is always essential for the expression of the architect’s or investor’s images.
series EAEA
more http://info.tuwien.ac.at/eaea
last changed 2005/09/09 10:43

_id eaea2003_25-ws-breen
id eaea2003_25-ws-breen
authors Breen, J.
year 2004
title Towards a Virtual Design Media Museum. Identifying, Structuring and Presenting Design and (Re) Presentation Media Artifacts
source Spatial Simulation and Evaluation - New Tools in Architectural and Urban Design [Proceedings of the 6th European Architectural Endoscopy Association Conference / ISBN 80-227-2088-7], pp. 122-132
summary Designing is largely a process of (inter)active imaging. The evolvement of a design concept from preliminary design proposal towards spatial and material environment generally follows an uncertain path through uncharted landscape; a journey of exploration which requires both rational and creative consideration, frequently involving the interchange of information within a design team and collaboration with representatives from different contributing disciplines. Designs are conceived, worked out and specified step by step (roughly speaking from ‘rough to fine’) in iterative design ‘loops’. All the time the designer tries to determine which ‘course’ should be taken, by considering reference material, by reflecting on conceptions developed previously and by generating specific options aimed at furthering the ‘concretisation’ of the end product. In the course of such a trajectory, visual information is continually being developed, selected, tested, and subsequently either discarded or perfected. From early times architects have been considered not only as knowledgeable ‘experts’ in the field of building as a craft, but also as ‘creative directors’ of such development processes. The architect should be capable of not only conjuring up visions of the future spatial and material form of the building, but also of conveying these to the other ‘actors’ involved in the initiation and building process. Such ‘sharing’ of information is necessary in order to generate sufficient understanding, consensus, enthusiasm, as well as means. To become more than ‘figments of the imagination’, the designer’s ideas need to be ‘pinned down’ (even if they are not yet entirely finished) and communicated by using some form of reliable – and preferably readable – ‘language’ for design development and communication.
series EAEA
more http://info.tuwien.ac.at/eaea
last changed 2005/09/09 10:43

_id sigradi2004_213
id sigradi2004_213
authors Carlos Roberto Barrios Hernandez
year 2004
title Parametric Gaudi
source SIGraDi 2004 - [Proceedings of the 8th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Porte Alegre - Brasil 10-12 november 2004
summary This research is a work in progress in the development of parametric systems for modeling of complex shapes. The research takes on the fundamental rules for form generation of column knots of the Expiatory Temple of the Sagrada Familia in Barcelona. Designed by the Spanish Architect, Antonio Gaudi, the forms of the Sagrada Familia represent a synthesis of manipulation of simple geometrical rules and the use of basic procedures which result in a rich language with no precedents in architecture.
keywords Parametric modeling, design variations, evaluation of designs
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:48

_id 2004_580
id 2004_580
authors Dokonal, W., Martens, B. and Plösch, R.
year 2004
title Creating and Using Virtual Cities
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2004.580
source Architecture in the Network Society [22nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-2-4] Copenhagen (Denmark) 15-18 September 2004, pp. 580-585
summary City modelling is a topic which has been on the agenda for a long time and two main approaches from different angles in this field can be identified. GIS experts have attempted over the years (in collaboration with programmers) to build information systems for cities by means of combining graphical information with related metadata. Architects also started to get involved in this field. However, they were mainly interested in the spatial aspects of a city model and created their own “city models” for different purposes. Today crucial questions concerning the creation itself are resolved, the vision of implementation into daily work becomes more and more important. In other words: “what to do” with the accumulated data. This paper intends to identify the core role of the architect in the field of 3D-city modelling.
keywords Urban Modelling, 3D Modelling, GIS, Virtual Worlds, City Model
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:55

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