Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	ddss2004_ra-161
id	ddss2004_ra-161
authors	Bandini, S., S. Manzoni, and G. Vizzari
year	2004
title	Crowd Modeling and Simulation
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) Recent Advances in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN: 1-4020-2408-8, p. 161-175
summary	The paper introduces a Multi Agent Systems (MAS) approach to crowd modelling and simulation, based on the Situated Cellular Agents (SCA) model. This is a special class of Multilayered Multi Agent Situated System (MMASS), exploiting basic elements of Cellular Automata. In particular SCA model provides an explicit spatial representation and the definition of adjacency geometries, but also a concept of autonomous agent, provided with an internal architecture, an individual state and behaviour. The latter provides different means of space-mediated interaction among agents: synchronous, between adjacent agents, and asynchronous among at-a-distance entities. Heterogeneous entities may be modelled through the specification of different agent types, defining different behaviours and perceptive capabilities. After a brief description of the model, its application to simple crowd behaviours will be given, and an application providing the integration of a bidimensional simulator based on this model and a 3D modelling application (3D Studio) will also be described. The adoption of this kind of system allows the specification and simulation of an architectural design with reference to the behaviour of entities that will act in it. The system is also able to easily produce a realistic visualization of the simulation, in order to facilitate the evaluation of the design and the communication with involved decision-makers. In fact, while experts often require only abstract and analytical results deriving from a quantitative analysis of simulation results, other people involved in the decision-making process related to the design may be helped by qualitative aspects better represented by other forms of graphical visualization.
keywords	Multi-Agent Systems, 3D modelling, Simulation
series	DDSS
last changed	2004/07/03 22:13

_id	ddss2004_d-269
id	ddss2004_d-269
authors	Beetz, J., J. van Leeuwen, and B. de Vries
year	2004
title	Towards a Multi Agent System for the Support of Collaborative Design
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) Developments in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Eindhoven: Eindhoven University of Technology, ISBN 90-6814-155-4, p. 269-280
summary	In this paper we are drafting the outline of a framework for a Multi Agent System (MAS) for the support of Collaborative Design in the architectural domain. The system we are proposing makes use of Machine Learning (ML) techniques to infer personalized knowledge from observing a users’ action in a generic working environment using standard tools such as CAD packages. We introduce and discuss possible strategies to combine Concept Modelling (CM)-based approaches using existing ontologies with statistical analysis of action sequences within a domain specific application. In a later step, Agent technologies will be used to gather additional related information from external resources such as examples of similar problems on the users hard disk, from corresponding work of team-members within an intranet or from advises of expert from different knowledge domains, themselves represented by agents. As users deny or reward resulting proposals offered by the agent(s) through an interface the system will be enhanced over time using methods like Reinforced Learning.
keywords	Multi Agent Systems, Design & Decision Support Systems, Collaborative Design, Human Computer Interfaces, Machine learning, Data Mining
series	DDSS
last changed	2004/07/03 22:13

_id	ascaad2004_paper1
id	ascaad2004_paper1
authors	Eldin, Neil N. and K.A. Eldrandaly
year	2004
title	A Computer-Aided System for Site Selection of Major Capital Investments
source	eDesign in Architecture: ASCAAD's First International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design, 7-9 December 2004, KFUPM, Saudi Arabia
summary	Site selection for capital investments is a crucial complex decision for owners and analysts. Difficulties are caused by the inclusion of the numerous possible sites that may qualify, multiple objectives that could also contradict each other, intangible objectives that are difficult to quantify, diversity of interest groups, uncertainties regarding external factors such as government legislations, uncertainties regarding the timing required for permitting the sites in question, and unknown construction challenges for the different sites. As such, these exercises are multi-facetted and necessitate the employment of analysts who possess in-depth knowledge in a number of fields. More importantly, a solution must satisfy a number of physical suitability criteria, as well as, meeting a number of social, economical, environmental and political requirements. Consequently, a number of specialized tools is frequently utilized to ensure reaching an optimal decision. This paper presents a new system that integrates Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) operations within a Geographic Information System (GIS) application to determine the optimum site for a specified facility. The system was validated through a facility for a selected metropolitan area.
series	ASCAAD
last changed	2007/04/08 19:47

_id	2004_523
id	2004_523
authors	He, Jie and Tsou, Jin Yeu
year	2004
title	Balancing Visual and Ecological Resource Reservation in Large-scale Recreation Area Planning Support on a GIS Platform - A case study of the Wenzhou Ecological Park
source	Architecture in the Network Society [22nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-2-4] Copenhagen (Denmark) 15-18 September 2004, pp. 523-528
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2004.523
summary	This paper proposes an experimental approach in visual landscape analysis on a GIS platform, which has the potential of integrating with ecological aspects and consequently making scientific decision making supports for urban and landscape planning practices. The research team scrutinizes the potential of the GIS platform in balancing multi-aspect planning strategies. The methodology of GIS-based visual landscape protection for recreation purpose is demonstrated through the case of the Wenzhou Ecological Park. The same platform can also be introduced the landscape ecology capacity analysis. This methodology can improve the comprehensiveness of the landscape resource management system, and enhance its validity and reliability in its application in the landscape ecologically considerable projects.
keywords	GIS; Urban Planning; Visual Landscape; Landscape Ecology; Resource Management Decision Making Support
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 07:49

_id	ddss2004_ra-3
id	ddss2004_ra-3
authors	Yesilnacar, E. and G.J. Hunter
year	2004
title	Application of Neural Networks for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping in Turkey
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) Recent Advances in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN: 14020-2408-8, p. 3-18
summary	Landslides are a major natural hazard in many areas of the world, and globally they cause hundreds of billions of dollars of damage, and hundreds of thousands of deaths and injuries each year. Landslides are the second most common natural hazard in Turkey, and the Black Sea region of that country is particularly affected. Therefore, landslide susceptibility mapping is one of the important issues for urban and rural planning in Turkey. The reliability of these maps depends mostly on the amount and quality of available data used, as well as the selection of a robust methodology. Although statistical methods generally have been implemented and used for evaluating landslide susceptibility and risk in medium scale studies, they are distribution-based and cannot handle multi-source data that are commonly collected from nature. These drawbacks are responsible for the on-going investigations into slope instability. To overcome these weaknesses, the desired technique must be able to handle multi-type data and its superiority should increase as the dimensionality and/or non-linearity of the problem increases – which is when traditional regression often fails to produce accurate approximations. Although neural networks have some problems with the creation of architectures, processing time, and the negative “black box” syndrome, they still have an advantage over traditional methods in that they can deal with the problem comprehensively and are insensitive to uncertain data and measurement errors. Therefore, it is expected that the application of neural networks will bring new perspectives to the assessment of landslide susceptibility in Turkey. In this paper, the application of neural networks for landslide susceptibility mapping will be examined and their performance as a component of spatial decision support systems will be discussed.
keywords	Landslide Susceptibility Mapping, Neural Networks, Spatial Decision Support Systems
series	DDSS
last changed	2004/07/03 22:13

_id	ddss2008-33
id	ddss2008-33
authors	Charlton, James A.; Bob Giddings and Margaret Horne
year	2008
title	A survey of computer software for the urban designprocess
source	H.J.P. Timmermans, B. de Vries (eds.) 2008, Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, ISBN 978-90-6814-173-3, University of Technology Eindhoven, published on CD
summary	Urban design is concerned with the shape, the surface and the physical arrangement of all kinds of urban elements, the basic components that make up the built environment, at the level of buildings, spaces and human activities. It is also concerned with the non-visual aspects of the environment, such as noise, wind and temperature and humidity. The city square is a particular urban element which can take many forms and its geometrical relationships such as maximum dimensions, ratio of width to length and building height to length have been analysed for centuries (Alberti 1475), (Vitruvius 1550), (Sitte 1889), (Corbett 2004). Within the current urban design process there are increasing examples of three dimensional computer representations which allow the user to experience a visual sense of the geometry of city squares in an urban landscape. Computer-aided design and Virtual Reality technologies have recently contributed to this visual assessment, but there have been limited attempts at 3D computer representations which allow the user to experience a greater sense of the urban space. This paper will describe a survey of computer tools which could support a more holistic approach to urban design and which could be used to simulate a number of urban texture and urban quality aspects. It will provide a systematic overview of currently available software that could support the simulation of building density, height, colour and style as well as conditions relating to noise, shading, heat, natural and artificial light. It will describe a methodology for the selection and filtering of appropriate computer applications and offer an initial evaluation of these tools for the analysis and representation of the three-dimensional geometry, urban texture and urban quality of city centre spaces. The paper is structured to include an introduction to the design criteria relating to city centre spaces which underpins this research. Next the systematic review of computer software will be described, and selected tools will undergo initial evaluation. Finally conclusions will be drawn and areas for future research identified.
keywords	Urban design, Software identification, 3D modelling, Pedestrian modelling, Wind modelling, Noise mapping, Thermal comfort, VR Engine
series	DDSS
last changed	2008/09/01 17:06

_id	ddss2004_ra-145
id	ddss2004_ra-145
authors	Devisch, O.T.J., H.J.P. Timmermans, T.A. Arentze, and A.W.J. Borgers
year	2004
title	Towards a Generic MultiAgent Engine for the Simulation of Spatial Behavioural Processes
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) Recent Advances in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN: 1-4020-2408-8, p. 145-160
summary	SwarmCity is being developed as a micro-simulation model, simulating the location-choice behaviour of a population of households, retailers, firms, developers, etc. reacting to an urban plan. The focus of SwarmCity lies –in a first phase- on the decision-making procedures of households, conceptualised as a series of three processes: awakening, search and choice. The methodology used to implement these processes makes use of life-time utility and decisionanalysis trees. The final model should work as a scenario-analysis tool, allowing planners, developers, retailers and municipalities to test interventionproposals, to evaluate legislations, to measure the attractiveness of services, to quantify residential mobility, etc. This paper illustrates the state of the art in household location-choice modelling and introduces a first attempt in developing a conceptual framework.
keywords	Micro Simulation, Multi-Agent Systems, Spatial Simulation Models, Scenario Analysis, Heuristic Decision-Making, Location-Choice Behaviour, DecisionAnalysis Trees, Residential Mobility, Lifetime Utility
series	DDSS
last changed	2004/07/03 22:13

_id	ddss2004_ra-129
id	ddss2004_ra-129
authors	Ma, L., Th. Arentze, A. Borgers, and H. Timmermans
year	2004
title	Using Bayesian Decision Networks for Knowledge Representation under Conditions of Uncertainty in Multi-Agent Land Use Simulation Models
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) Recent Advances in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN 1-4020-24088, p. 129-144
summary	Land suitability analysis typically involves the assessment of the suitability of land units without knowing the future spatial distribution of land use. Traditional planning techniques have used “algebraic equations” to express land suitability as a weighted function of suitability scores across multiple criteria. However, the existing multi-criteria evaluation methods do not systematically account for uncertainty about the land use in adjacent and other cells. This paper proposes an alternative approach to land suitability analysis that does address the problem of uncertainty. In particular, Bayesian decision networks are suggested as a means of knowledge representation for agents in a multi-agent land use simulation system. Bayesian decision networks model the uncertainty in terms of probabilities specified in the network representing the expertise of specialists with respect to specific land uses. This paper discusses the approach and illustrates its use in the context of a retail agent.
keywords	Land Suitability Analysis, Multi-Agents, Knowledge Representation, Bayesian Decision Networks
series	DDSS
last changed	2004/07/03 22:13

_id	ddss2004_ra-311
id	ddss2004_ra-311
authors	Tisma, A.
year	2004
title	A NEW COMPUTER SUPPORTED DESIGN TOOL: RASTERPLAN
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) Recent Advances in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN: 1-4020-2408-8, p. 311-324
summary	By developing framework plans on a large scale such as a country or a region, planners use economic prognoses which show future needs for space for new spatial developments expressed in units of surfaces. Planners and designers make drawings and sketches to show where those new areas will be situated, but they do not really measure the surfaces of spaces they created. This often leads to incorrect images which can be wrongly understood by actors in decision making. To avoid this problem the Netherlands Institute for Spatial Research developed mapmaking software called RasterPlan. The purpose of this tool is to make design decisions quantitatively checkable and transparent. The maps which result from the RasterPlan are precise in geographical positioning and defining the surfaces of designed areas. RasterPlan allows realization of a quantitative program for future spatial needs for various functions such as housing, green and water areas working, and recreation. In addition to quantitative calculations, qualitative criteria for location choice can be also expressed in a form of suitability maps or buffers. This paper presents an experimental implementation of RasterPlan for the design of the future development of the Province North Brabant.
keywords	Map Making, Computational Tools, Interactive Decision Making
series	DDSS
type	normal paper
last changed	2004/07/03 23:28

_id	ddss2004_ra-19
id	ddss2004_ra-19
authors	Akamine, A. and A. Nélson Rodrigues da Silva
year	2004
title	An Evaluation of Neural Spatial Interaction Models Based on a Practical Application
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) Recent Advances in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN: 1-4020-2408-8, p. 19-32
summary	One of the serious problems faced by the Brazilian municipalities is the scarcity of resources for building education infrastructure. This asks for an optimal allocation of the available resources that includes, among other things, a rational spatial arrangement of the supply points (i.e., schools) in order to increase the demand coverage (i.e., students). If it is possible to foresee the regions where the demand is going to be concentrated, it is then possible to plan the location of new facilities and to assess the impact on the future level of service of the entire system. Considering that one of the consequences of the location-allocation process is the distribution of trips from demand points to supply points throughout the city, therefore affecting the overall intraurban accessibility conditions to essential services such as education, there is a strong need of models that planners can rely on to predict the future trip distribution patterns. As a result, the objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) when applied to spatial interaction models, the so-called Neural Spatial Interaction Models. This was done in a practical context, in contrast to the more theoretical works commonly found in literature. The practical application showed that the neural spatial interaction model had different performances when compared to the traditional gravity models. In one case the neural models outperformed the gravity models, while on the other case it was just the opposite. The explanation for this may be in the data or in the ANN model formulation, as discussed in the conclusions.
keywords	Artificial Neural Networks, Spatial Interaction Models, Education Infrastructure
series	DDSS
last changed	2004/07/03 22:13

_id	ddss2004_ra-279
id	ddss2004_ra-279
authors	Bax, M.F.Th. and H.M.G.J. Trum
year	2004
title	On the Notion of Level in Architecture
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) Recent Advances in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN: 1-4020-2408-8, p. 279-292
summary	The notion of Level (in a scale of Levels) is probably the most authentic notion in Architecture. Already in the work of Vitruvius the notion is implicitly present in the triad ‘ordinatio – symmetria – eurythmia’. In more recent times, the notion always appears in relation with hierarchical organization as a means of control of quality. However used in drawings and in architectural discourse, the term lacks precision; there are many types of level like abstraction, specification, dependency, resolution levels etc., but no operational definition can be found as a notion that structures architectural objects and design processes simultaneously in a consistent way. Defining this notion of Level is the purpose of this paper. An example of application in an architectural decision-making process completes the paper.
keywords	Levels, Hierarchy, Architecture, Composition, Complexity, Control
series	DDSS
last changed	2004/07/03 22:13

_id	ascaad2004_paper9
id	ascaad2004_paper9
authors	Bennadji, A.; H. Ahriz, and P. Alastair
year	2004
title	Computer Aided Sustainable Design
source	eDesign in Architecture: ASCAAD's First International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design, 7-9 December 2004, KFUPM, Saudi Arabia
summary	One of the most important aspects architects need to consider fairly early on is that of energy saving, cost, thermal comfort and the effect on the environment in terms of CO2 emissions. At present, during the early design stage of a building, different options are assessed using simple tools (tables, graphs and software) that contain a large number of assumptions the very nature of which can bias choice or possibly lead to an inappropriate solution. It can be argued that the only way to provide a rational assessment of options is to use calculation methods that represent in detail the physical processes involved; this usually involves the use of dynamic thermal models. Furthermore if this tool is also used during detailed design it would introduce a consistency that is normally absent from the analytical design process. Many designers are of the opinion that, because not all details are known, then such tools are not suitable for application at early stages in the design. This view can be challenged because, even at the concept stage, a great deal is known about a building. This paper aims to show that a general description of a building can be used to generate sufficient data to drive a valid analysis using a detailed thermal model at the early sketch stage of the design process. The paper describes the philosophy, methodology and the interface developed to achieve this aim. The interface guides the user through the input process using a series of screens giving options for keywords used to describe the building; comprehensive default data built into the software are then attached to these keywords. The resulting data file is a building description that is the best possible interpretation of the design intent. This can then be used to assess options and guide towards a final design.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2007/04/08 19:47

_id	eaea2003_15-breen
id	eaea2003_15-breen
authors	Breen, J. and Giro, H.
year	2004
title	The DXI Experience. Ten Years of Design Visualization Developments in an Educational Laboratory Context
source	Spatial Simulation and Evaluation - New Tools in Architectural and Urban Design [Proceedings of the 6th European Architectural Endoscopy Association Conference / ISBN 80-227-2088-7], pp. 71-77
summary	Design visualisation is an essential aspect of virtually every form of design enquiry. The effects of potential environmental interventions may be simulated in order to gain the types of insights, which cannot be acquired easily from two-dimensional notations. Three-dimensional representations may be generated for very different reasons. The most direct form of design imaging is traditionally for the benefit of the designer him/herself, in order to test whether the working concepts offer fitting solutions to the complex array of design conditions such as context, programme and feasibility. Alternately, images may be generated for the benefit of communication, in order to offer insights into the expected workings of a particular proposal (possibly including alternatives). This may lead to greater understanding and possibly to reaching consensus amongst different ‘actors’ involved in the design and realisation process. In many cases the results of such visualisation studies contribute to ‘bridging the gap’ between the professionals and other parties involved more indirectly in design decision-making or the appraisal of the proposals. Designers can use distinctly different methods when going about such imaging procedures. Their choices for particular techniques may depend on their familiarity or the availability of certain media devices. Being confronted with new modelling and/or visualisation instruments can stimulate the interest in fresh approaches. In this respect, the design education environment can play an important role in not only teaching ‘proven’ applications to future designers, but also in creating a platform for the active development of innovative approaches to the design visualisation practices: education as a ‘laboratory’ for new insights and potentially a ‘breeding ground’ for the extension of the designer’s instrumentation. This contribution documents the experiences gained in some ten years within an educational application, involving active use of design driven media applications. The emphasis lies on the evolvement of techniques for eye-level imaging, whereby use can be made of different types of models: physical scale models as well as digital, virtual models. Changing attitudes towards dynamic and serial vision are considered, whereby storyboard approaches on the level of integral presentation are considered. By analysing a selection of cases and their underlying approaches an indication is given of the changing attitudes and combinations of multimedia techniques, which offer opportunities to design visualisation and communication.
series	EAEA
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/eaea
last changed	2005/09/09 10:43

_id	2004_530
id	2004_530
authors	Breen, Jack
year	2004
title	Changing Roles for (Multi)Media Tools in Design - Assessing Developments and Applications of (Multi)Media Techniques in Design Education, Practice and Research
source	Architecture in the Network Society [22nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-2-4] Copenhagen (Denmark) 15-18 September 2004, pp. 530-539
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2004.530
summary	This contribution explores the continued evolvement of the instruments of design in relation to practice and education (and potentially: research) and attempts to characterize the effects brought about by recent media ‘shifts’. For this purpose a framework has been established to identify and ‘map’ relevant design media. The relationships between various ‘traditional’ media and computer based applications are scrutinized and characterized and the opportunities which they offer are compared. The underlying conceptual framework was recently put before a group of professionals in the in the course of an experimental workshop concerning the potentials of a virtual design media ‘museum’. In the following step an attempt is made to identify changing media roles, whereby the opportunities of the educational environment – as a ‘laboratory’ for emerging developments – is stressed. Some specific tendencies are identified, notably: the combined application of different sorts of design media; the surfacing of imaginative new working methods inspired by ‘classic’ media techniques and various new ways of escaping the serious limitations of traditional computer interfaces. These developments, making use of various types of computer platforms, may be expected to contribute to more structured – and imaginative – approaches to professional design as well as to architectural education and research.
keywords	Computer Support For Learning; The Changing Role of the Design Studio; Educational Methodologies
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	ecaaderis2018_103
id	ecaaderis2018_103
authors	Davidová, Marie and Prokop, Šimon
year	2018
title	TreeHugger - The Eco-Systemic Prototypical Urban Intervention
source	Odysseas Kontovourkis (ed.), Sustainable Computational Workflows [6th eCAADe Regional International Workshop Proceedings / ISBN 9789491207143], Department of Architecture, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus, 24-25 May 2018, pp. 75-84
keywords	The paper discusses co-design, development, production, application of TreeHugger (see Figure 1). The co-design among community and trans-disciplinary participants with different expertise required scope of media mix, switching between analogue, digital and back again. This involves different degrees of physical and digital 'GIGA-Mapping' (Sevaldson, 2011, 2015), 'Grasshopper3d' (Davidson, 2017) scripting and mix of digital and analogue fabrication to address the real life world. The critical participation of this 'Time-Based Design' (Sevaldson, 2004, 2005) process is the interaction of the prototype with eco-systemic agency of the adjacent environment - the eco-systemic performance. The TreeHugger is a responsive solid wood insect hotel, generating habitats and edible landscaping (Creasy, 2004) on bio-tope in city centre of Prague. To extend the impact, the code was uploaded for communities to download, local-specifically edit and apply worldwide. Thus, the fusion of discussed processes is multi-scaled and multi-layered, utilised in emerging design field: Systemic Approach to Architectural Performance.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2018/05/29 14:33

_id	sigradi2004_307
id	sigradi2004_307
authors	Eduardo Wagner Rogério
year	2004
title	Utilização dos dados do programa de saúde da família como subsídio para a construção de um sistema geográfico de informações [The Use of Data from the "Family Health Program" to support a GIS Construction]
source	SIGraDi 2004 - [Proceedings of the 8th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Porte Alegre - Brasil 10-12 november 2004
summary	The objective of this paper is to develop a methodology in integrated municipal planning in Family Health, using tools such as the Geographic Information System and programs already implemented in towns, to provide the methodology of sustainable and participative urbanization derived from new federal, state and municipal legislations. By the end of the study it was possible to build a data model spacial oriented, located in Tubarão, Santa Catarina, at Dehon and Morrotes suburbs, achieving about 6 thousand people. The obtained results justify the implementaion of a Geographic Information System in health, in order to manage the daily collected data in Family Health Program, optimizing and helping in the application of public politics. Key words: Family Health, Geographic Information System, Public Politics, Daily Collection.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:51

_id	2004_480
id	2004_480
authors	Mark, Earl
year	2004
title	Inter-related Scaled Models of the Built and Natural Environment: Merging CAD with Satellite Image Viewing
source	Architecture in the Network Society [22nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-2-4] Copenhagen (Denmark) 15-18 September 2004, pp. 480-488
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2004.480
summary	By inter-relating CAD and satellite image earth-viewing tools at building specific, city-wide and larger global scales, a wider framework of observation yields insight into the connectedness between built environments and tracking influences between them. The technologies for visualization and analysis at distinct scales are moving towards greater integration. This project demonstrates integration through three case studies, each at a different scale of application, and considers performance issues and implications for more general use. More specifically, CAD, GIS and now Satellite Image Based Earth Viewing systems all have found separate application within Architecture, Urban Planning and Strategic Regional Analysis This paper reports on an effort to test the tighter coupling of these systems on three projects, each at a different scale: (1) urban and regional scale, (2) continental scale, and (3) hemispheric analysis scale.
keywords	CAD, Earth Viewer, Digital Terrain Model, Comprehensive Plan, Architectural Review Board, Computer Animation
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	ddss2004_d-49
id	ddss2004_d-49
authors	Polidori, M. and R. Krafta
year	2004
title	Environment – Urban Interface within Urban Growth
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) Developments in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Eindhoven: Eindhoven University of Technology, ISBN 90-6814-155-4, p. 49-62
summary	This work presents the synthesis of a model of urban growth dedicated to accomplish simulations of urban spatial dynamics, based on integrated urban and environmental factors and promoting simultaneity among external and internal growth. The city and surrounding environment are captured and modeled in computational ambient, by application of the centrality / potential model (Krafta, 1994 and 1999), with support of graph theory, cellular automata, GIS and geocomputation. The model assumes the city as a field of opportunities for obtaining income, mediated by the space, which is composed of urban and environmental attributes, that work as attractors or as resistances for the urban growth. The space configuration and the distribution of those attributes generate tensions that differentiate qualitatively and quantitatively the space, through the centrality measure (built with the support of graphs techniques), coming to provoke growth in places with larger potential of development (built with the help of techniques of CA – cellular automata). Growths above environmental thresholds are considered problems, generated and overcome in the same process of production of the urban space. Iterations of that process offer a dynamic behaviour to the model, allowing to observe the growth process along the time. The model presents several possibilities: a) urban - natural environment integration; b) internal and external growth integration; c) variety in the scale; d) GIS integration and geocomputation; e) user interface; f) calibration; g) theoretical possibilities; and h) practical possibilities.
keywords	Environment, Urban Growth, Urban Morphology, Simulation
series	DDSS
last changed	2004/07/03 22:13

_id	2004_593
id	2004_593
authors	Stellingwerff, Martijn and Kuhk, Annette
year	2004
title	3D/4D Communication Tools for Facilitators in Public Participation
source	Architecture in the Network Society [22nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-2-4] Copenhagen (Denmark) 15-18 September 2004, pp. 593-600
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2004.593
summary	The international research project, Planning Inclusion of Clients through e-Training, (PICT) aims at developing various computerised tools and training programmes to enhance public participation in local urban projects. This article presents a communication strategy and two tools, which were applied in a pilot study in Brussels Capital Region. The communication strategy involves the use of multiple channels to introduce, inform and involve people to the urban planning debates. The first tool, called ‘3D-projection’, combines an urban scale-model of the neighbourhood with an interactive projection. Thus, parts of the model are related to photographic and computer-graphic impressions of the existing or future streetscape. The end-user can develop a thorough understanding of the presented changes in the built environment. Getting involved and being informed are made easier. The second tool, called ‘4D-viewer’, combines planning and design software into evaluative 3D-renderings which visualise the change of a site over time. This tool is supposed to be helpful at meetings of planners, architects and local actors and residents. The paper introduces the PICT project and the specific planning-approach of Neighbourhood Contracts in Brussels Capital Region. Then, we will describe the communication strategy and present the general concept of the two systems as well as their application in the pilot study for the ‘Brabant Groen’ Neighbourhood Contract. Finally, we will discuss our experiences with the system and plans for the future.
keywords	Public Participation, Design & Decision Support Systems, Digital City Modelling, Interface-Design
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	ddss2004_d-77
id	ddss2004_d-77
authors	Tangari, L., M. Ottomanelli, and D. Sassanelli
year	2004
title	The Project Planning of Urban Decongestion
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) Developments in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Eindhoven: Eindhoven University of Technology, ISBN 90-6814-155-4, p. 77-92
summary	This study introduces a methodology for the evaluation, among a set of possible plans and/or policies, of a transport system which could reduce the effects of the network congestion on an urban area. Hence it is proposed a procedure which contains a new element compared with the current methodologies that is the final user’s evaluation of the examined system by turning to the application of the contingent valuation method, a technique like stated preferences. The approach we propose is based on the necessity for a determination of an optimal solution to the urban congestion to be established on the politic acceptability by the final user. Solutions which result virtually feasible for a public administration both on a technique and economic point of view often meet hostility by individuals. Consequently, it would be interesting for policy makers to adopt a process of valuation which could let to understand the user’s sensitivity and hostility towards specific configurations of the system, chosen as solution to decongestion (traffic calming, roadpricing, auto-free zones) and consequently to make less unpleasant the strategy to be carried out to control congestion (Harrington et al., 2001). In this way, a user does not judge the implementation of a set of projects made by a decision-maker as imposition and he is willing to pay in order to fulfil the chosen scenario. Finally we describe an application of the proposed methodology relating the definition of the integrated transport system in the metropolitan area of Bari, chief town of Apulia.
keywords	Contingent Valuation, Transportation Planning, Urban Decongestion
series	DDSS
last changed	2004/07/03 22:13

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