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_id cf2011_p157
id cf2011_p157
authors Boton, Conrad; Kubicki Sylvain, Halin Gilles
year 2011
title Understanding Pre-Construction Simulation Activities to Adapt Visualization in 4D CAD Collaborative Tools
source Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 477-492.
summary Increasing productivity and efficiency is an important issue in the AEC field. This area is mainly characterized by fragmentation, heterogeneous teams with low lifetimes and many uncertainties. 4D CAD is one of the greatest innovations in recent years. It consists in linking a 3D model of the building with the works planning in order to simulate the construction evolution over time. 4D CAD can fill several needs from design to project management through constructivity analysis and tasks planning (Tommelein 2003). The literature shows that several applications have been proposed to improve the 4D CAD use (Chau et al. 2004; Lu et al. 2007; Seok & al. 2009). In addition, studies have shown the real impact of 4D CAD use in construction projects (Staub-French & Khanzode 2007; Dawood & Sika 2007). More recently, Mahalingam et al. (2010) showed that the collaborative use of 4D CAD is particularly useful during the pre-construction phase for comparing the constructability of working methods, for visually identifying conflicts and clashes (overlaps), and as visual tool for practitioners to discuss and to plan project progress. So the advantage of the 4D CAD collaborative use is demonstrated. Moreover, several studies have been conducted both in the scientific community and in the industrial world to improve it (Zhou et al. 2009; Kang et al. 2007). But an important need that remains in collaborative 4D CAD use in construction projects is about the adaptation of visualization to the users business needs. Indeed, construction projects have very specific characteristics (fragmentation, variable team, different roles from one project to another). Moreover, in the AEC field several visualization techniques can represent the same concept and actors choose one or another of these techniques according to their specific needs related to the task they have to perform. For example, the tasks planning may be represented by a Gantt chart or by a PERT network and the building elements can be depicted with a 3D model or a 2D plan. The classical view (3D + Gantt) proposed to all practitioners in the available 4D tools seems therefore not suiting the needs of all. So, our research is based on the hypothesis that adapting the visualization to individual business needs could significantly improve the collaboration. This work relies on previous ones and aim to develop a method 1) to choose the best suited views for performed tasks and 2) to compose adapted multiple views for each actor, that we call “business views”. We propose a 4 steps-method to compose business views. The first step identifies the users’ business needs, defining the individual practices performed by each actor, identifying his business tasks and his information needs. The second step identifies the visualization needs related to the identified business needs. For this purpose, the user’s interactions and visualization tasks are described. This enables choosing the most appropriate visualization techniques for each need (step 3). At this step, it is important to describe the visualization techniques and to be able to compare them. Therefore, we proposed a business view metamodel. The final step (step 4) selects the adapted views, defines the coordination mechanisms and the interaction principles in order to compose coordinated visualizations. A final step consists in a validation work to ensure that the composed views really match to the described business needs. This paper presents the latest version of the method and especially presents our latest works about its first and second steps. These include making more generic the business tasks description in order to be applicable within most of construction projects and enabling to make correspondence with visualization tasks.
keywords Pre-construction, Simulation, 4D CAD, Collaboration, Computer Supported Cooperative Work, Human-Computer Interface, Information visualization, Business view, Model driven engineering
series CAAD Futures
email
last changed 2012/02/11 19:21
_id cf2011_p018
id cf2011_p018
authors Sokmenoglu, Ahu; Cagdas Gulen, Sariyildiz Sevil
year 2011
title A Multi-dimensional Exploration of Urban Attributes by Data Mining
source Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 333-350.
summary The paper which is proposed here will introduce an ongoing research project aiming to research data mining as a methodology of knowledge discovery in urban feature analysis. To address the increasing multi-dimensional and relational complexity of urban environments requires a multidisciplinary approach to urban analysis. This research is an attempt to establish a link between knowledge discovery methodologies and automated urban feature analysis. Therefore, in the scope of this research we apply data mining methodologies for urban analysis. Data mining is defined as to extract important patterns and trends from raw data (Witten and Frank, 2005). When applied to discover relationships between urban attributes, data mining can constitute a methodology for the analysis of multi-dimensional relational complexity of urban environments (Gil, Montenegro, Beirao and Duarte, 2009) The theoretical motivation of the research is derived by the lack of explanatory urban knowledge which is an issue since 1970’s in the area of urban research. This situation is mostly associated with deductive methods of analysis. The analysis of urban system from the perspective of few interrelated factors, without considering the multi-dimensionality of the system in a deductive fashion was not been explanatory enough. (Jacobs, 1961, Lefebvre, 1970 Harvey, 1973) To address the multi-dimensional and relational complexity of urban environments requires the consideration of diverse spatial, social, economic, cultural, morphological, environmental, political etc. features of urban entities. The main claim is that, in urban analysis, there is a need to advance from traditional one dimensional (Marshall, 2004) description and classification of urban forms (e.g. Land-use maps, Density maps) to the consideration of the simultaneous multi-dimensionality of urban systems. For this purpose, this research proposes a methodology consisting of the application of data mining as a knowledge discovery method into a GIS based conceptual urban database built out of official real data of Beyoglu. Generally, the proposed methodology is a framework for representing and analyzing urban entities represented as objects with properties (attributes). It concerns the formulation of an urban entity’s database based on both available and non-available (constructed from available data) data, and then data mining of spatial and non-spatial attributes of the urban entities. Location or position is the primary reference basis for the data that is describing urban entities. Urban entities are; building floors, buildings, building blocks, streets, geographically defined districts and neighborhoods etc. Urban attributes are district properties of locations (such as land-use, land value, slope, view and so forth) that change from one location to another. Every basic urban entity is unique in terms of its attributes. All the available qualitative and quantitative attributes that is relavant (in the mind of the analyst) and appropriate for encoding, can be coded inside the computer representation of the basic urban entity. Our methodology is applied by using the real and official, the most complex, complete and up-to-dataset of Beyoglu (a historical neighborhood of Istanbul) that is provided by the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (IBB). Basically, in our research, data mining in the context of urban data is introduced as a computer based, data-driven, context-specific approach for supporting analysis of urban systems without relying on any existing theories. Data mining in the context of urban data; • Can help in the design process by providing site-specific insight through deeper understanding of urban data. • Can produce results that can assist architects and urban planners at design, policy and strategy levels. • Can constitute a robust scientific base for rule definition in urban simulation applications such as urban growth prediction systems, land-use simulation models etc. In the paper, firstly we will present the framework of our research with an emphasis on its theoretical background. Afterwards we will introduce our methodology in detail and finally we will present some of important results of data mining analysis processed in Rapid Miner open-source software. Specifically, our research define a general framework for knowledge discovery in urban feature analysis and enable the usage of GIS and data mining as complementary applications in urban feature analysis. Acknowledgments I would like to thank to Nuffic, the Netherlands Organization for International Cooperation in Higher Education, for funding of this research. I would like to thank Ceyhun Burak Akgul for his support in Data Mining and to H. Serdar Kaya for his support in GIS.
keywords urban feature analysis, data mining, urban database, urban complexity, GIS
series CAAD Futures
email
last changed 2012/02/11 19:21
_id ddss2004_d-157
id ddss2004_d-157
authors Krafta, R.
year 2004
title Space is the Machine, with a Ghost Inside
source Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) Developments in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Eindhoven: Eindhoven University of Technology, ISBN 90-6814-155-4, p. 157-173
summary The purpose of this paper is to report efforts towards the construction of a model for urban spatial dynamics simulation, based on multi-agents and space. The underlying idea is to have urban space producers and consumers operating in a two-layer, two-circuit model. The first layer holds urban space and its successive transformations; a second layer contains agents related to space; the first circuit simulates space production, and a second one simulates space consumption. Relationship between layers is represented as objective spatial features that agents are submitted to (the machine) and subjective meanings agents attach to each spatial feature (the ghost). While space works always in the same way, meanings vary according to each agent’s background and context. Relationships between circuits are represented by means of a market game in which producers try to maximize their profits by gambling with their risks, whereas consumers try to foresee the spatial distribution of local externalities that maximizes their utilities and investments. Urban Spatial Features are captured through centrality and land use patterns; every single agent’s action leads to changes in both patterns. Producers’ profit is a function of built form location. Consumers’ local externalities are concerned basically with present and future services. The model iteration is twofold: first it generates and allocates a number of built forms within a previously determined spatial system (a cellular matrix, for example), and second it allocates users to built forms. Population of users have its social profile and growth rate externally determined. Built form allocation is decided on the basis of a combination of profitXrisk perspectives. Users’ locational choice is supported by accessibility to services and present/future neighbourhood profile. Built form allocation works as parameter for users’ locational assessment, whereas users’ choices are used as parameters for developers. The model tends to adjust itself, in terms of quantities and types of built forms to be erected, although through a market lag of some iterations. Allocations are always made through weighted draws, so that mutations (non deterministic allocations) do occur.
keywords Urban Morphology, Urban Growth, Simulation
series DDSS
last changed 2004/07/03 22:13
_id liewh_pdh_2004
id liewh_pdh_2004
authors Liew, Haldane
year 2004
title SGML: a meta-language for shape grammars
source PhD dissertation, Department of Architecture, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass
summary A shape grammar develops a drawing through a series of transformations by repeatedly applying if-then rules. Although the rules can be designed, in principle, to construct any type of drawing, the drawings they construct may not necessarily develop in the manner intended by the designer of the grammar. In this thesis, I introduce a shape grammar meta-language that adds power to grammars based on the shape grammar language. Using the shape grammar meta-language, the author of a grammar can: (1) explicitly determine the sequence in which a set of rules is applied; (2) restrict rule application through a filtering process; and (3) use context to guide the rule matching process, all of which provide a guided design experience for the user of the grammar. Three example grammars demonstrate the effectiveness of the meta-language. The first example is the Bilateral Grid grammar which demonstrates how the meta-language facilitates the development of grammars that offer users multiple design choices. The second grammar is the Hexagon Path grammar which demonstrates how the metalanguage is useful in contexts other than architectural design. The third and most ambitious example is the Durand grammar which embodies the floor plan design process described in Précis of the Lectures of Architecture, written by JNL Durand, an eighteenth century architectural educator. Durand's floor plan design process develops a plan through a series of transformations from grid to axis to parti to wall. The corresponding Durand grammar, which consists of 74 rules and 15 macros organized into eight stages, captures Durand's ideas and fills in gaps in Durand's description of his process. A key contribution of this thesis is the seven descriptors that constitute the meta-language. The descriptors are used in grammar rules: (1) to organize a set of rules for the user to choose from; (2) to group together a series of rules; (3) to filter information in a drawing; (4) to constrain where a rule can apply; and (5) to control how a rule is applied. The end result is a language that allows the author to create grammars that guide users by carefully controlling the design process in the manner intended by the author.
series thesis:PhD
email
last changed 2005/09/09 12:58
_id ddss2004_d-177
id ddss2004_d-177
authors Rafi, A., T. Hoai Nam, K. Jin Woo, and W. Lau
year 2004
title InnotiveBrowser
source Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) Developments in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Eindhoven: Eindhoven University of Technology, ISBN 90-6814-155-4, p. 177-191
summary This paper explains the results of a collaborative research project between Multimedia University (Malaysia) and Innotive Corporation (Korea) to manage, design a multimedia archiving system and visualising knowledge for the students or the users in the Faculty of Creative Multimedia, Multimedia University. This research introduces InnotiveBrowser technology, a high performance multimedia display software that enhances the ability of user to search and discover digital content. The unique result of this method is that the images to be viewed are not limited to available RAM, instead the content utilises the available storage directly from the disk (hard drives). In other words, the larger the size of the hard disk, the greater the number of content information can be stored and displayed. This system is employed with Virtual Reality (VR) techniques particularly imparting viewing technology (pixel-ondemand) and navigation strategy to increase the viewing speed of multimedia information in real-time over the Internet, broadband and even via PDA platforms. This research hopes to set the benchmark for multimedia archiving system that can be applied in other CAD, CAAD or most of the design or production-based teaching and learning environment. The early findings of this research have been patented and this paper will demonstrate the research ideas and explain how we implement and customise the technology and content development in the Faculty of Creative Multimedia, Multimedia University.
keywords InnotiveBrowser, Digital Asset Management, Multimedia Archiving, VR Technology
series DDSS
last changed 2004/07/03 22:13
_id ddss2004_d-269
id ddss2004_d-269
authors Beetz, J., J. van Leeuwen, and B. de Vries
year 2004
title Towards a Multi Agent System for the Support of Collaborative Design
source Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) Developments in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Eindhoven: Eindhoven University of Technology, ISBN 90-6814-155-4, p. 269-280
summary In this paper we are drafting the outline of a framework for a Multi Agent System (MAS) for the support of Collaborative Design in the architectural domain. The system we are proposing makes use of Machine Learning (ML) techniques to infer personalized knowledge from observing a users’ action in a generic working environment using standard tools such as CAD packages. We introduce and discuss possible strategies to combine Concept Modelling (CM)-based approaches using existing ontologies with statistical analysis of action sequences within a domain specific application. In a later step, Agent technologies will be used to gather additional related information from external resources such as examples of similar problems on the users hard disk, from corresponding work of team-members within an intranet or from advises of expert from different knowledge domains, themselves represented by agents. As users deny or reward resulting proposals offered by the agent(s) through an interface the system will be enhanced over time using methods like Reinforced Learning.
keywords Multi Agent Systems, Design & Decision Support Systems, Collaborative Design, Human Computer Interfaces, Machine learning, Data Mining
series DDSS
last changed 2004/07/03 22:13
_id 2004_489
id 2004_489
authors Bille, Pia
year 2004
title CityScape - Analysing Modern Urbanism
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2004.489
source Architecture in the Network Society [22nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-2-4] Copenhagen (Denmark) 15-18 September 2004, pp. 489-494
summary Understanding scale is a major concern and a condition of working in the field of architecture and urban design. The project described in this case origins from Blauwe Koffer, a method developed in the 80’s by the Dutch architects Dolf Dobbelaar and Paul de Vroom. The method is devoted to analysis of form and function of important architectural and urban design projects in the last century and is a flexible model for searching architectural solutions at an early stage of a project. In the paper I will describe how a group of faculty transformed the Blauwe Koffer into a digital method serving as an introduction to urban design in the second year curriculum. The project introduced topics of modern urbanism defined as cityscapes. Through a series of mapping analysis the students studied variations of scale, extension, volume, density, borders, overlaps, bricollage, diversity etc. The students were required to do analysis in the form of a matrix of 6 x 7 cells. Categories in the analysis were three scales of figure / ground studies, bricollage and studies of the urban raster. DataTown was a particular category inspired by MVRDV. The project data derived from digital maps, and project presentations in books and magazines. At second year the students are assigned to do digital projects as a part of the curriculum and the students are required to have their own computer. The project was the first digital assignment in studio and previous computer courses and skills were limited to a one-week course in desktop publishing. The CityScape project was a successful experience in integrating computation in studio, in group work and in analysis of modern urbanism. The paper will show some of the projects and discuss the assignment as a part of the implementation of an IT-strategy.
keywords CAAD-Curriculum; Urban Morphology; Mapping; Education and Practise
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54
_id 2004_530
id 2004_530
authors Breen, Jack
year 2004
title Changing Roles for (Multi)Media Tools in Design - Assessing Developments and Applications of (Multi)Media Techniques in Design Education, Practice and Research
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2004.530
source Architecture in the Network Society [22nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-2-4] Copenhagen (Denmark) 15-18 September 2004, pp. 530-539
summary This contribution explores the continued evolvement of the instruments of design in relation to practice and education (and potentially: research) and attempts to characterize the effects brought about by recent media ‘shifts’. For this purpose a framework has been established to identify and ‘map’ relevant design media. The relationships between various ‘traditional’ media and computer based applications are scrutinized and characterized and the opportunities which they offer are compared. The underlying conceptual framework was recently put before a group of professionals in the in the course of an experimental workshop concerning the potentials of a virtual design media ‘museum’. In the following step an attempt is made to identify changing media roles, whereby the opportunities of the educational environment – as a ‘laboratory’ for emerging developments – is stressed. Some specific tendencies are identified, notably: the combined application of different sorts of design media; the surfacing of imaginative new working methods inspired by ‘classic’ media techniques and various new ways of escaping the serious limitations of traditional computer interfaces. These developments, making use of various types of computer platforms, may be expected to contribute to more structured – and imaginative – approaches to professional design as well as to architectural education and research.
keywords Computer Support For Learning; The Changing Role of the Design Studio; Educational Methodologies
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54
_id 2004_312
id 2004_312
authors Burry, J., Felicetti, P., Tang, J., Burry, M. and Xie, M.
year 2004
title Dynamical Structural Modeling - A Collaborative Design Exploration
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2004.312
source Architecture in the Network Society [22nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-2-4] Copenhagen (Denmark) 15-18 September 2004, pp. 312-317
summary This paper will report on a generative performative modeling approach that engages architects and structural engineers in close dialog. We focus on knowledge shared between architects and engineers to apply the Finite Element Analysis based structural design technique Evolutionary Structural Optimization [ESO] as a way to understand or corroborate the performance factors that are significant in determining architectural form. ESO is very close conceptually to the dynamical system of matter and forces of growth itself. It has parallels both mathematical and metaphorical with natural evolution and morphogenesis so it has been poignant to apply the approach to a formal architectural case study in which the generative influence of these processes is inherent.
keywords Evolutionary Structural Optimization; Finite Element Analysis; Architect Engineer Collaboration; Performance-Based Design; Form Finding
series eCAADe
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54
_id 2004_426
id 2004_426
authors Carrara, Gianfranco and Fioravanti, Antonio
year 2004
title How to Construct an Audience in Collaborative Design - The Relationship Among which Actors in the Design Process
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2004.426
source Architecture in the Network Society [22nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-2-4] Copenhagen (Denmark) 15-18 September 2004, pp. 426-434
summary The features of complexity in architectural design have now been clarified. Complexity, intrinsic in architectural work, has increased in recent years as in all other fields of human endeavour – social, economic and cultural. In the specific case of architectural design, the most significant factors in this regard consist of the large number of actors, the numerous disciplines involved, technological innovation, regulations and rules governing the design process and the various different design aims. In order to address this complex of problems, long-term research based on the Collaborative Design paradigm, CD, is now being carried out. In it, thanks to the reciprocal exchange of information, the complementary nature of the knowledge possessed by the various actors, and the contemporary nature of the design action by the various actors on the same components, positive effects are exerted on the design as a whole. The latter thus gains in coherence and in improved integration among the design solutions proposed by the various actors. In CD all the actors are involved from the outset of the design work and are helped by distributed Knowledge Bases (KBs) and Intelligent Assistants (IAs). In this case it may happen that information and knowledge automatically exchanged among KBs (through the IAs) are excessive and/or not addressed to the right actors. How can information redundancy be avoided, and how can the flow of information sent over the network be controlled? The present paper introduces and defines the concept of „Audience“, that is, the group of actors to which it is permitted to send information concerning non respected requirements and the „reduced Audience“ to which to send the knowledge needed to overcome the difficulties encountered.
keywords Collaborative Architectural Design, Complexity, Intelligent Assistant, Context, Audience
series eCAADe
last changed 2022/06/07 07:55
_id ddss2004_d-253
id ddss2004_d-253
authors Deshpande, N., B. de Vries, and J.P. van Leeuwen
year 2004
title Collocated, Multi-Disciplinary, Collaborative Designspace
source Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) Developments in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Eindhoven: Eindhoven University of Technology, ISBN 90-6814-155-4, p. 253-268
summary This review identifies the research findings in the area of computer mediated, collocated, multi-disciplinary collaborative design. After a general look into this and related research areas, three influencing aspects of collaborative design are reviewed. Design activities, working together, and collaborative systems that fit into various work practices. Finally, we note missing points of research in the area of collocated, multi-disciplinary, collaborative design.
keywords Collocated Multi-Disciplinary Collaborative Design (CMCD), Shared Understanding, Computer Supported Collaborative Work (CSCW), Group Activity, Design Space, Groupware
series DDSS
last changed 2004/07/03 22:13
_id fa6e
id fa6e
authors Escayola, Rosa María; Bauleo, Silvina A.; Diez, Leonardo Pablo
year 2004
title DISTANCE TEACHING OF MATHEMATICS FOR STUDENTS OF ARCHITECTURE: IS IT POSSIBLE?
source Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference of Mathematics & Design, Special Edition of the Journal of Mathematics & Design, Volume 4, No.1, pp. 105-109.
summary On the basis of our experience as teachers of Mathematics in the School of Architecture of the University of Buenos Aires and with the support of an expert designer of image and sound, we undertook the task of distance teaching the subject Mathematics II for students of Architecture. The academic guidance of Ms Spinadel, PhD, the university’s authorization and the support of a computer platform provided by Nueva Internet S.A. have enabled the completion of this project. We were encouraged to set up the distance teaching of the subject by the many advantages the system offers, namely, the chance for students to work at home with a computer-based platform containing all of the subject’s contents and to integrate and apply all the knowledge acquired in architectural contexts; and the chance for teachers to offer on-line guidance and tutorials. Distance teaching is not to be understood or configured as an accumulation of calculus procedures. Rather, it should be thought of as having the major aim of promoting the full development of the students’ imagination for the solution of architectural design problems. For that purpose, students must become familiar with the interface to be used as the virtual classroom, read the theoretical introduction to every one of the units, solve application problems (the students are provided with all the material, which they can visualize on line or print), and send their tutor all the queries they may have so that the process of teaching and learning is facilitated and enriched. The solution to exercises is presented in a didactic manner and students can resort to additional bibliography, image and formula galleries and a technical help forum provided by the software firm. A virtual classroom has been set up where students and teachers interact all the time. Students must also submit integrative assignments, which are corrected by the tutor and will form part of the subject’s final assessment, together with an in-person exam at the end of the semester. Excellent results have been obtained so far, being that this is the first time a subject of the Architecture course is taught this way. This paper is intended to share this experience and show how, in spite of the modality of the subject, the interaction achieved between students and teachers has proved to be very enriching.
series other
type normal paper
email
last changed 2005/04/07 12:50
_id acadia08_072
id acadia08_072
authors Frumar, Jerome
year 2008
title An Energy Centric Approach to Architecture: Abstracting the material to co-rationalize design and performance
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2008.072
source Silicon + Skin: Biological Processes and Computation, [Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) / ISBN 978-0-9789463-4-0] Minneapolis 16-19 October 2008, 72-81
summary This paper begins by exploring matter as an aggregated system of energy transactions and modulations. With this in mind, it examines the notion of energy driven form finding as a design methodology that can simultaneously negotiate physical, environmental and fabrication considerations. The digital workspace enables this notion of form finding to re-establish itself in the world of architecture through a range of analytic tools that algorithmically encode real world physics. Simulating the spatial and energetic characteristics of reality enables virtual “form generation models that recognize the laws of physics and are able to create ‘minimum’ surfaces for compression, bending [and] tension” (Cook 2004). The language of energy, common in engineering and materials science, enables a renewed trans-disciplinary dialogue that addresses significant historic disjunctions such as the professional divide between architects and engineers. Design becomes a science of exploring abstracted energy states to discover a suitable resonance with which to tune the built environment. ¶ A case study of one particular method of energy driven form finding is presented. Bi-directional Evolutionary Structural Optimization (BESO) is a generative engineering technique developed at RMIT University. It appropriates natural growth strategies to determine optimum forms that respond to structural criteria by reorganizing their topology. This dynamic topology response enables structural optimization to become an integrated component of design exploration. A sequence of investigations illustrates the flexibility and trans-disciplinary benefits of this approach. Using BESO as a tool for design rather than purely for structural optimization fuses the creative approach of the architect with the pragmatic approach of the engineer, enabling outcomes that neither profession could develop in isolation. The BESO case study alludes to future design processes that will facilitate a coherent unfolding of design logic comparable to morphogenesis.
keywords Energy; Form-Finding; Morphogenesis; Optimization; Structure
series ACADIA
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50
_id 2004_024
id 2004_024
authors Holmgren, S., Rüdiger, B., Storgaard, K. and Tournay, B.
year 2004
title The Electronic Neighbourhood - A New Urban Space
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2004.024
source Architecture in the Network Society [22nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-2-4] Copenhagen (Denmark) 15-18 September 2004, pp. 24-34
summary During the event Cultural Market Days on 23 and 24 August 2003 at Noerrebro Park in Copenhagen, visitors could also enter the marketplace from their home via the Internet, as a digital 3D model had been constructed that showed the marketplace with all its information booths and activities. This virtual marketplace functioned as an extension of the urban space, allowing you to take part in the flow of information, activities and experiences that were offered in the marketplace. And this just by a click on the Internet address: http://www.e-kvarter.dk. Furthermore at certain times of the day you could chat with people from some of the many working groups of the urban regeneration project in Noerrebro. The digital 3D model is similar to the marketplace, but it creates its own universe in the green surroundings of Noerrebro Park. And now, when the Cultural Market Days are finished and the booths and people have gone, the Electronic Marketplace still remains on the Internet, with a potential for developing a new public space for information, dialogue and cooperation between the actors of the urban regeneration project. This paper presents the results of a 3-year research project, The Electronic Neighbourhood (2000-2004). Researchers have developed and tested a digital model of the urban area and other digital tools for supporting the dialogue and cooperation between professionals and citizens in an urban regeneration project in Copenhagen. The Danish Agency for Enterprise and Housing, the Ministry for Refugees, Immigration and Integration and Copenhagen Municipality have financed the research, which is planned to be published 2004. The results can also be followed on the Internet www.e-kvarter.dk.
keywords 3D Modelling; Virtual Environments; Design Process; Human-Computer Interaction; Collaborative Design; Urban Planning
series eCAADe
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50
_id 2004_610
id 2004_610
authors Ibrahim, M., Krawczyk, R. and Schipporeit, G.
year 2004
title Two Approaches to BIM: A Comparative Study
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2004.610
source Architecture in the Network Society [22nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-2-4] Copenhagen (Denmark) 15-18 September 2004, pp. 610-616
summary The ultimate goal of the BIM concept is to create a complete digital model of the building to insure the generation of an accurate bill of material and cost estimate along with coordinated drawings and details. This goal might need the contribution of various disciplines to provide the needed level of information. The development of capable specialized systems to model specific building elements will definitely challenge the all-purpose architectural CAD. The specificity of these systems will enable fulfilling the needs than a general purpose architectural BIM system. This will lead the industry into creating either a powerful fully integrated BIM system that can handle all required information, or a referential BIM system that depends on passing the information to other programs (and other people) that are capable of handling specific tasks more efficiently.
keywords Building Information Modeling; CAD; Internet; Smart Objects
series eCAADe
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50
_id 2004_435
id 2004_435
authors Jemtrud, Michael
year 2004
title Between Mediation and Making CIMSp: A Technoètic Modus Operandi
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2004.435
source Architecture in the Network Society [22nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-2-4] Copenhagen (Denmark) 15-18 September 2004, pp. 435-442
summary The following paper describes an ongoing research project whose goal is to define a scalable, hybrid production and deployment protocol (CIMSp) for the creation of virtual environments (VE). Ultimately, the aim is to establish a creative workflow and infrastructure that embodies architectural and urban design activity as practiced by the research unit. The objective of the present paper is to schematically outline the current state of the research and its practical and theoretical context for further development. A theoretical position will be stated which assumes that the content, tool, epistemological, and speculative realms are consubstantial (technoèsis). The practical endeavour is to create the informational and embodied temporal--spatial condition of possibility for the imaginative production of cultural artifacts. It must accommodate varying individual and collaborative forms and styles of making and no presumption of a self-enclosed and referential system is made. A critical position is particularly compelling when this production is immersed in technological modalities of making where information and embodiment are inextricably intertwined. CIMSp is based on the workflow from acquisition and creation to output and storage. The work environment is comprised of a select set of software applications and visualization technologies. Secondly, an XML-based content and information management system is under construction to ensure project quality control, rigorous documentation practices, and bi-directional knowledge feedback procedures to enable an effective and resource-full workflow. Lastly, scalability of output modalities for use in the design process and for final presentation from WWW deployment to a high-resolution collaborative work environment (CWE) is being developed. The protocol is a multiuser mode of creation and production that aims to transform the technologies and their interrelation, thus dramatically impacting the creative process and intended content. It is a digital production workflow that embodies intensive visualization criteria demanded by the end users. The theoretical and practical intention of CIMSp is to provisionally structure the collaborative creative process and enable a choreographed movement between the realms of the technologically mediated and made in the pursuit of significant digital content creation.
series eCAADe
last changed 2022/06/07 07:52
_id ddss2004_d-49
id ddss2004_d-49
authors Polidori, M. and R. Krafta
year 2004
title Environment – Urban Interface within Urban Growth
source Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) Developments in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Eindhoven: Eindhoven University of Technology, ISBN 90-6814-155-4, p. 49-62
summary This work presents the synthesis of a model of urban growth dedicated to accomplish simulations of urban spatial dynamics, based on integrated urban and environmental factors and promoting simultaneity among external and internal growth. The city and surrounding environment are captured and modeled in computational ambient, by application of the centrality / potential model (Krafta, 1994 and 1999), with support of graph theory, cellular automata, GIS and geocomputation. The model assumes the city as a field of opportunities for obtaining income, mediated by the space, which is composed of urban and environmental attributes, that work as attractors or as resistances for the urban growth. The space configuration and the distribution of those attributes generate tensions that differentiate qualitatively and quantitatively the space, through the centrality measure (built with the support of graphs techniques), coming to provoke growth in places with larger potential of development (built with the help of techniques of CA – cellular automata). Growths above environmental thresholds are considered problems, generated and overcome in the same process of production of the urban space. Iterations of that process offer a dynamic behaviour to the model, allowing to observe the growth process along the time. The model presents several possibilities: a) urban - natural environment integration; b) internal and external growth integration; c) variety in the scale; d) GIS integration and geocomputation; e) user interface; f) calibration; g) theoretical possibilities; and h) practical possibilities.
keywords Environment, Urban Growth, Urban Morphology, Simulation
series DDSS
last changed 2004/07/03 22:13
_id 2004_358
id 2004_358
authors Serrato-Combe, Antonio
year 2004
title Something’s Gotta Give - Architectural Animations
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2004.358
source Architecture in the Network Society [22nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-2-4] Copenhagen (Denmark) 15-18 September 2004, pp. 358-365
summary Architectural animations are like Harry Langer, a fifty-something entertainment mogul played by best actor nominee Jack Nicholson in the film Something’s Gotta Give. They’ve been surrounded by plenty of pathetic spiritless gimmicks. And, like Harry in the film, they have suffered a heart attack. Harry did not die. Architectural animations are still around, barely. Something’s wrong with them. When Harry begins to recover, he’s surprised to find himself growing fond of a woman his own age (played by best actress nominee Dianne Keaton). This is precisely what should happen to architectural animations. They need to come to terms with more mature attitudes and approaches. This paper presents a new and different approach to architectural animations. In ninety nine percent of the cases, architectural animations have been produced at the end of the design process, just when architects or architecture students are ready to present their schemes to an audience or client group. All design decisions have been made. All aspects of the architectural solutions have been set. Tectonic qualities, lighting schemes, construction approaches, everything has been cast in stone. The animation is simply shown as a public relations gesture to broadcast to the audience that the design team is digitally savvy and uses the latest technologies. The proposition contained herein is that animations be used throughout the design process, that is, from beginning to end.
series eCAADe
last changed 2022/06/07 07:57
_id 2004_515
id 2004_515
authors Tsou, J-Y., Lam, S., Jie, H. and Yucai, X.
year 2004
title Performance Based Planning for High Density Urban Habitation
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2004.515
source Architecture in the Network Society [22nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-2-4] Copenhagen (Denmark) 15-18 September 2004, pp. 515-522
summary In Hong Kong, about 22% of the total territory‘s area can be classified as built-up area and potential development area. Only 6% of this area is allocated to district and local open space for the 6.8 million populations, i.e. 2m2 per person. Sensible planning of the limited area to enhance the livability and environmental quality hence become a challenging issue for quality urban living of the mass population. However, considering the dynamic relationship of the different performance criteria in the hyper-dense urban environment, one needs to assess various environmental criteria to carry out a balanced planning. Meanwhile, effective tools to evaluate and manage the inter-relationship of these criteria, or indexes for integrated issues indication are not readily available that a reasonable planning is not always easy to achieve. In this paper, the „openness ratio“ concept is introduced for open space planning to provide an integrated index for early stage of planning and design. The new index is expected to provide a comprehensive rating system in considering the environmental performance of open area. It helps to highlight the potential problems in planning or site layout and support the integrated thinking of the four key components: visual sensitivity, urban wind, urban noise and solar heat gain. The concept has shown to be feasible on simple massing study which is applicable in the preliminary planning stage.
keywords Design Process; Performance Simulation; Design Methodology; Urban Planning
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:57
_id ddss2004_d-283
id ddss2004_d-283
authors Van Bronswijk, J.E.M.H., L.G.H. Koren, and C.E.E. Pernot
year 2004
title Adapting Epidemiological Methodologies to the Prediction of Health Effects of Built Environment Interventions
source Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) Developments in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Eindhoven: Eindhoven University of Technology, ISBN 90-6814-155-4, p. 283-290
summary The influence of built environments on vitality and productivity of users is paramount. Since the introduction of Industrial, Flexible and Demountable Building, domotics, smart buildings, in general: mass-produced, intelligent and learning built environments, tailored built environments are within reach. This has resulted in the need for methodologies to predict short-term and long-term health effects of different built-environment constellations. Epidemiology has developed and validated methods to assess changes in prevalence of inflictions and other unhealthy conditions, as well as the number of healthy and vital years in a life span. After analysing the relationships among building (services) parts and its combinations, health determinants (exposures) and health outcomes, we could adapt the healthy years assessment (DALY) to changes in construction (insulation, air tightness) and building services engineering (ventilation, heating) for dwellings under Dutch conditions. The most important conclusion is that natural ventilation, mechanical ventilation and balanced ventilation not only differ in their average health effect, but even more so in the size of the ranges of these effects. Other systems, such as heat pumps or photo voltaic cells are expensive but will become economically applicable when healthcare costs are taken into account. These outcomes gave valuable clues for product innovation and opened the possibility to model health in relation to built environments. The method could also be applied to quality classification systems for dwellings.
keywords Health Prediction, Built Environment, Epidemiology, Modelling
series DDSS
last changed 2004/07/03 22:13

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