Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	caadria2018_016
id	caadria2018_016
authors	Zahedi, Ata and Petzold, Frank
year	2018
title	Utilization of Simulation Tools in Early Design Phases Through Adaptive Detailing Strategies
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2018.2.011
source	T. Fukuda, W. Huang, P. Janssen, K. Crolla, S. Alhadidi (eds.), Learning, Adapting and Prototyping - Proceedings of the 23rd CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 17-19 May 2018, pp. 11-20
summary	Decisions taken at early stages of building design have a significant effect on the planning steps for the entire lifetime of the project as well as the performance of the building throughout its lifecycle (MacLeamy 2004). Building Information Modelling (BIM) could bring forward and enhance the planning and decision-making processes by enabling the direct reuse of data hold by the model for diverse analysis and simulation tasks (Borrmann et al. 2015). The architect today besides a couple of simplified simulation tools almost exclusively uses his know-how for evaluating and comparing design variants in the early stages of design. This paper focuses on finding new ways to facilitate the use of analytical and simulation tools during the important early phases of conceptual building design, where the models are partially incomplete. The necessary enrichment and proper detailing of the design model could be achieved by means of dialogue-based interaction concepts with analytical and simulation tools through adaptive detailing strategies. This concept is explained using an example scenario for design process. A generic description of the aimed dialog-based interface to various simulation tools will also be discussed in this paper using an example scenario.
keywords	BIM; Early Design Stages; Adaptive Detailing ; Communication Protocols; Design Variants
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	ijac20032203
id	ijac20032203
authors	Elvin, George
year	2004
title	Integrating Design and Construction with Wearable Computers
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 2 - no. 2
summary	Wearable computers can help bridge the gap betweendesign and construction. They can integrate thesetraditionally separate cultures by improving the flowof information between them. Using a wearablecomputer, design and construction personnel can nowexchange design information quickly and continuouslybetween the point of work on the construction siteand the remote design office. The improved iterationbetween design and construction and much strongerconnection between design personnel andconstruction site afforded by wearable computers maypoint the way to a new kind of integratedarchitectural process. In this study, the goal was todetermine the value of wearable computers inintegrating design and construction by measuringspecific performance characteristics.The resultsinclude findings on productivity, rework andcommunication quality. They reveal that wearablecomputers can improve communication quality andreduce rework, but may have an initially negativeimpact on productivity. These findings suggest thatwearable computers may play a key role in futurebuilding projects, helping to bridge the current dividebetween design and construction.
series	journal
more	http://www.multi-science.co.uk/ijac.htm
last changed	2007/03/04 07:08

_id	sigradi2004_216
id	sigradi2004_216
authors	Pablo C. Grazziotin; Benamy Turkienicz; Luciano Sclovsky; Carla M. D. S. Freitas
year	2004
title	Cityzoom - A tool for the visualization of the impact of urban regulations
source	SIGraDi 2004 - [Proceedings of the 8th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Porte Alegre - Brasil 10-12 november 2004
summary	Visualization has been used for many years as an important way of presenting architectural design and projects. However, beyond design, planning urban areas requires the analysis of different factors. Urban regulations are planning tools used to control and/or stimulate changes in the urban structure and to reproduce a certain level of quality of the urban milieu. Land area, built area, plot rate, average building height, and other important attributes can be easily obtained from the geometric objects in the city model or explicitly associated to them. This paper presents a system, CityZoom, which integrates several performance tools that allow the simulation of different attributes related to a planned or existing city. These attributes are shown in different ways either as tables of attribute values estimated from model evaluation, or 3D scenarios where the user can navigate and observe realistic shadows and daylighting estimation based on the concept of solar envelope.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:57

_id	sigradi2008_166
id	sigradi2008_166
authors	Papanikolaou, Dimitris
year	2008
title	Digital Fabrication Production System Theory: Towards an Integrated Environment for Design and Production of Assemblies
source	SIGraDi 2008 - [Proceedings of the 12th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] La Habana - Cuba 1-5 December 2008
summary	A Digital Fabrication Production System (DFPS) is a concept describing a set of processes, tools, and resources that will be able to produce an artifact according to a design, fast, cheap, and easy, independently of location. A DFPS project is a complex assembly of custom parts that is delivered by a network of fabrication and assembly processes. This network is called the value chain. The workflow concept of a DFPS is the following: begin design process with a custom geometric form; decompose it into constructible parts; send the part files for fabrication to various locations; transport all parts at the construction site at the right time; finally, assemble the final artifact. Conceptually it means that based on a well structured value chain we could build anything we want, at anyplace, at controllable cost and quality. The goals of a DFPS are the following: custom shapes, controllable lead time, controllable quality, controllable cost, easiness of fabrication, and easiness of assembly. Simply stated this means to build any form, anywhere, accurately, cheap, fast, and easy. Unfortunately, the reality with current Digital Fabrication (DF) projects is rather disappointing: They take more time than what was planned, they get more expensive than what was expected, they involve great risk and uncertainty, and finally they are too complex to plan, understand, and manage. Moreover, most of these problems are discovered during production when it is already late for correction. However, there is currently no systematic approach to evaluate difficulty of production of DF projects in Architecture. Most of current risk assessment methods are based on experience gathered from previous similar cases. But it is the premise of mass customization that projects can be radically different. Assembly incompatibilities are currently addressed by building physical mockups. But physical mockups cause a significant loss in both time and cost. All these problems suggest that an introduction of a DFPS for mass customization in architecture needs first an integrated theory of assembly and management control. Evaluating feasibility of a DF project has two main problems: first, how to evaluate assemblability of the design; second, how to evaluate performance of the value chain. Assemblability is a system’s structure problem, while performance is a system’s dynamics problem. Structure of systems has been studied in the field of Systems Engineering by Network Analysis methods such as the Design Structure Matrix (DSM) (Steward 1981), and the liaison graph (Whitney 2004), while dynamics of systems have been studied by System Dynamics (Forrester 1961). Can we define a formal method to evaluate the difficulty of production of an artifact if we know the artifact’s design and the production system’s structure? This paper formulates Attribute Process Methodology (APM); a method for assessing feasibility of a DFPS project that combines Network Analysis to evaluate assemblability of the design with System Dynamics to evaluate performance of the value chain.
keywords	Digital Fabrication, Production System, System Dynamics, Network Analysis, Assembly
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:57

_id	acadia07_074
id	acadia07_074
authors	Peters, Brady
year	2007
title	The Smithsonian Courtyard Enclosure: A Case-Study of Digital Design Processes
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2007.074
source	Expanding Bodies: Art • Cities• Environment [Proceedings of the 27th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture / ISBN 978-0-9780978-6-8] Halifax (Nova Scotia) 1-7 October 2007, 74-83
summary	This paper outlines the processes involved in the design of the Smithsonian Institution’s Patent Office Building’s new courtyard enclosure. In 2004, Foster + Partners won an invited international competition to design the new courtyard enclosure in Washington, D.C. Early in the project, the Specialist Modelling Group (SMG), an internal research and design consultancy, was brought in to advise the project team on computer modelling techniques, develop new digital design tools, and help solve the complex geometric issues involved. Throughout the project, computer programming was used as one of the primary tools to explore design options. The design constraints were encoded within a system of associated geometries. This set-out geometry performed as a mechanism to control the parameters of a generative script. The design evolution involved the use of many different media and techniques and there was an intense dialog between a large team and many consultants. The computer script was a synthesis of the design ideas and was constantly modified and adapted during the design process. The close collaboration between architects, consultants, and fabricators was of key importance to the success of the project. This project, now named The Robert and Arlene Kogod Courtyard, will complete in late 2007.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 08:00

_id	ascaad2004_paper23
id	ascaad2004_paper23
authors	Radwan, Magdy Mohamed and Lobna Abdel_Latif
year	2004
title	A Review of Advanced Computer Applications in Architectural Acoustics
source	eDesign in Architecture: ASCAAD's First International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design, 7-9 December 2004, KFUPM, Saudi Arabia
summary	The paper is a review of the advanced computer applications in Architectural Acoustics in its different fields, one of these fields is the new measuring apparatus and how it has moved from basic measurement using transducers and analyzers to final documentation based an advanced software. Computers have been proved to be a very useful tool in acoustic studies and prediction of acoustics performance of halls in the design stage. Recent commercial models have been reviewed in both fields; room acoustics and noise control in the built – up areas. Controlling the acoustic performance of some halls by different means and recently by computer has been discussed. The role of computers in the field of learning acoustics by means of auralisation and visualization and in the active noise control has been studied.
series	ASCAAD
last changed	2007/04/08 19:47

_id	caadria2017_182
id	caadria2017_182
authors	Austin, Matthew
year	2017
title	The Other Digital - What is the Glitch in Architecture?
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2017.551
source	P. Janssen, P. Loh, A. Raonic, M. A. Schnabel (eds.), Protocols, Flows, and Glitches - Proceedings of the 22nd CAADRIA Conference, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China, 5-8 April 2017, pp. 551-559
summary	This paper will discuss and investigate the issues with the concept of 'glitch' in architecture. There are currently two definitions that sit in a symbiotic relationship with each other; Moradi's (2004) and Menkman's (2011). This paper will explore the implications of these two approaches, while investigating the possibility of a third, unique definition (the encoded transform), and what effect they have on the possibility for a 'glitch architecture'. The paper will then focus on the glitches' capacity to be disruptive within the design process. In the context of architecture, it has been previously argued that the inclusion of glitches within a design process can easily create a process that does not 'converge' to a desired design outcome, but instead shifts haphazardly within a set of family resemblances (Austin & Perin 2015). Further to this, it will be revealed that this 'divergent' quality of glitches is due to the encoded nature of architectural production.
keywords	Glitch aesthetics; Theory; Algorithmic Design; Process.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	ascaad2004_paper9
id	ascaad2004_paper9
authors	Bennadji, A.; H. Ahriz, and P. Alastair
year	2004
title	Computer Aided Sustainable Design
source	eDesign in Architecture: ASCAAD's First International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design, 7-9 December 2004, KFUPM, Saudi Arabia
summary	One of the most important aspects architects need to consider fairly early on is that of energy saving, cost, thermal comfort and the effect on the environment in terms of CO2 emissions. At present, during the early design stage of a building, different options are assessed using simple tools (tables, graphs and software) that contain a large number of assumptions the very nature of which can bias choice or possibly lead to an inappropriate solution. It can be argued that the only way to provide a rational assessment of options is to use calculation methods that represent in detail the physical processes involved; this usually involves the use of dynamic thermal models. Furthermore if this tool is also used during detailed design it would introduce a consistency that is normally absent from the analytical design process. Many designers are of the opinion that, because not all details are known, then such tools are not suitable for application at early stages in the design. This view can be challenged because, even at the concept stage, a great deal is known about a building. This paper aims to show that a general description of a building can be used to generate sufficient data to drive a valid analysis using a detailed thermal model at the early sketch stage of the design process. The paper describes the philosophy, methodology and the interface developed to achieve this aim. The interface guides the user through the input process using a series of screens giving options for keywords used to describe the building; comprehensive default data built into the software are then attached to these keywords. The resulting data file is a building description that is the best possible interpretation of the design intent. This can then be used to assess options and guide towards a final design.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2007/04/08 19:47

_id	sigradi2005_679
id	sigradi2005_679
authors	Bruscato Portella, Underléa; Juan Puebla Pons
year	2005
title	On the ways of expression in present architecture
source	SIGraDi 2005 - [Proceedings of the 9th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Lima - Peru 21-24 november 2005, vol. 2, pp. 679-683
summary	This paper aims at introducing the main aspects of a research on architectural representation and the usage of new technologies in the process of development of an architectural project, which has been conducted at a department of Graphical Expression. The authors of this paper would like to outline the most excellent and innovating aspects introduced by a number of architectural proposals which involve actively the application of these techniques. The chosen case studies for this paper are among the European contemporary architectural panorama. The authors will analyze some projects of architectural studios which were involved in the urban transformation brought about by celebration of the Forum of the Cultures 2004. These new ways of architectural representation have had, in this specific case, a significant effect within the context of a technological revolution that allows the conception of new forms and textures and the reflection on the increasingly complex processes to generate architectural space. [Full paper in Spanish]
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	2004_396
id	2004_396
authors	Fischer, Thomas
year	2004
title	Microcontroller - Enhanced Physical Models for Architectural and Product Design
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2004.396
source	Architecture in the Network Society [22nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-2-4] Copenhagen (Denmark) 15-18 September 2004, pp. 396-403
summary	Electronic sensors, controllers, displays and actuators can significantly enhance the value of physical models as processes of use, interaction and transformation take center stage in various fields of design. These technologies allow the development of novel computer interfaces for new kinds of interaction with virtual models, and in the future they will allow new types of active building components and materials for automated construction and dynamic runtime adaptations of inhabitable environments. However, embedding programmed logic into physical objects seems to confront designers and model makers with a steep learning curve outside the domains of their traditional expertise. The variety of alternative technologies and development tools in this area has a particularly disorienting effect on novices. Some early experiences however suggest that mastery of this learning curve is easily within reach, given some basic introduction, guidance and support. It is the purpose of this paper to provide designers with a starting point for explorations into this area, to give orientation and to demonstrate some possible development approaches and results.
keywords	Interaction, Process, High-Fidelity Models, Microcontrollers, Electronics
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	acadia04_256
id	acadia04_256
authors	Jabi, Wassim
year	2004
title	Digital Tectonics: The intersection of the physical and the virtual
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2004.256
source	Fabrication: Examining the Digital Practice of Architecture [Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture and the 2004 Conference of the AIA Technology in Architectural Practice Knowledge Community / ISBN 0-9696665-2-7] Cambridge (Ontario) 8-14 November, 2004, 256-269
summary	The advent of automated manufacturing processes and the possibility of directly translating virtual creations into physical artifacts brought forth the possibility of exploring a digital tectonic: the poetics of digitally conceived, structurally clarified and directly manufactured architecture. CAD/CAM equipment is being rapidly installed in schools of architecture without much thought given to its effect on the tradition of tectonics. To investigate these effects, this paper includes discussions of the tradition of architectural tectonics and of more recent works that illustrate the possibilities of digital tectonics. This discussion is followed by a brief survey of some of the research in the area of analog/digital pedagogy. Additionally, two experiments were conducted in an academic course setting that explored analog, digital, and hybrid approaches to the creation of architectural artifacts. The physical and virtual artifacts from the two experiments were analyzed and commonalities and differences were discerned. The research project reported in this paper further clarifies the notion of digital tectonics as the poetics of digitally constructed assemblages, and points to possible pitfalls of using CAD/CAM equipment that disregard the materiality of components and their interconnectedness.
keywords	Digital Tectonics, Fabrication, CAD/CAM, Virtual Reality, Collaboration
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	acadia04_100
id	acadia04_100
authors	Liapi, Katherine
year	2004
title	A computer Based System for the Design and Fabrication of Tensegrity Structures
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2004.100
source	Fabrication: Examining the Digital Practice of Architecture [Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture and the 2004 Conference of the AIA Technology in Architectural Practice Knowledge Community / ISBN 0-9696665-2-7] Cambridge (Ontario) 8-14 November, 2004, 100-109
summary	Tensegrity structures are composed of tension compression components, where the compression components (bars) are discontinuously enclosed within continuous tensile components (cables). From an engineering point of view, a tensegrity structure is characterized by geometric non-linearity and large displacements under loading. Therefore, its prestressed shape and deformation under loading are the result of the combined effect of the geometric parameters that determine the initial configuration of the structure, the level of prestress applied to cables, and the material properties of the component members of the structure. A method for generating the initial geometric configuration of tensegrity structures composed of tensegrity units and a parametric expression of this geometry have already been developed. A novel technology that makes possible the construction of tensegrity structures from the on-site assembly of deployable tensegrity units, which are furnished with a simple mechanism that permits bar-elongation, and, as a result, an increase of the prestress applied to the cables of each unit, is also under development. Also under development is a static analysis method that takes into account the above method for prestressing cables. This paper discusses the features of a system that supports the combined geometric and structural design of tensegrity structures, and integrates a graphical interface to display: a) models of initial geometry, b) geometry of the structure after prestress and loading are applied, and c) magnitude of forces applied to the structure’s component members (bars and cables). The system also provides numerical data to be used in component fabrication, and is therefore expected to become a very valuable tool for the design and construction of tensegrity structures.
series	ACADIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	ascaad2004_paper13
id	ascaad2004_paper13
authors	Mandour, Mohamed Alaa
year	2004
title	From “Hard Architecture” to “Soft Architecture”: Architecture Form in the 21st Century
source	eDesign in Architecture: ASCAAD's First International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design, 7-9 December 2004, KFUPM, Saudi Arabia
summary	The digital revolution is affecting not only the way we produce drawings, but also the way we think about architecture. Such expressionistic, neo-baroque forms would have been unthinkable without higher technology, which allows for customization at a massive scale. Three dimensional computation extends the architect's range, permitting a wealth of experimentation, any form seems possible, the architecture language, the vocabulary changed, and the way design thinking has various dimensions. Within a short space of time the computer has become a widely accepted feature of architecture, both in the design process and in the everyday operation of buildings, and we are constantly aware that the computer's introductions into architecture will eventually have farreaching consequences. After all, the current revolution is not just about the computer as a tool but about its role and effect on the form of architecture and thinking This paper will discuss what form will architecture take in the next years? Will every future problem be anticipated, developing more efficient solutions? Will projects reflect meaningful architecture, for dynamic and contemplative environments and for aesthetic quality? And, how we will stand this unavoidable futurism?
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2007/04/08 19:47

_id	2004_082
id	2004_082
authors	Rona, Cagri and M. Saleh Uddin
year	2004
title	Surround Digital Audio in Architectural Animation and VR Environment
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2004.082
source	Architecture in the Network Society [22nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-2-4] Copenhagen (Denmark) 15-18 September 2004, pp. 82-88
summary	To stimulate all five senses through a realistic representation, audio plays a significant role. Architectural representation in digital media primarily falls in the area of visualization. Recent developments in simulation of 3d animation, lighting effect, material options and texture quality demonstrate that technology has come to a satisfactory level for representing realistic environments. But, at the same time, designers may not have paid due attention in regards to simulation of quality audio in architectural representation, particularly in 3D animation. “Surround Sound” or technically, the Dolby Digital and DTS technology has been used for entertainment purposes in film and movie production for a long time. As realistic materials and lighting increases the value of reality, sounds and sound effects too can add value to represented virtual reality architectural environments. Surround Sound technology simply delivers different signals from a 360-degree range. The reason beneath this is to break the sense of looking towards a single direction. Ideally, the audio should come from the direction of the visuals on the scene. Synchronization of both visual and Dolby Digital audio can enhance the experiential quality of an audio-visual representation. At the same time, it can break the notion of audio coming from a single direction. This paper suggests and demonstrates the technique of combining surround sound in digital 3D architectural animation for the purpose of enhancing its visual and sensory quality.
keywords	Architecture, Animations, 3D Surround Audio
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	eaea2003_09-soeda
id	eaea2003_09-soeda
authors	Soeda, M., Ohno, R., Hashimoto, N. and Sato, M.
year	2004
title	The Effect of Architectural Elements on Reducing the Oppressive Feeling Caused by High-rise Buildings
source	Spatial Simulation and Evaluation - New Tools in Architectural and Urban Design [Proceedings of the 6th European Architectural Endoscopy Association Conference / ISBN 80-227-2088-7], pp. 28-35
summary	The authors conducted an experiment to examine the effectiveness of architectural treatments in reducing oppressed feelings caused by high-rise buildings along city streets. To create a virtual experience on the streets, computer graphic images of the streets were projected on an immersive projection display (6.3m x 4.0m) that enabled a wide field of vision, and the image moved according to the subject's walking pace on the stepping sensor placed in front of the display. The results indicated that arcading and installing transparent glass on lower levels of buildings significantly reduced oppressed feelings. The effectiveness of the treatments was found to depend on the extent of the subjects’ visual awareness.
series	EAEA
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/eaea
last changed	2005/09/09 10:43

_id	041123sowa-a
id	041123sowa-a
authors	Sowa, Agnieszka
year	2004
title	Generation and optimization of complex and irregular construction/structure on example of NDS2004 final project
source	ETH postgraduate studies final thesis, Zurich
summary	During the postgraduate studies in CAAD at ETH the research is mainly focused on computer based architectural design and its automatic production. Usually the way from an architectural idea to production starts with creating of a digital model of the structure which is than transformed into data which can be used by CNC machines. The final group work of NDS 2004students also follows this schema. This thesis is centered on its first element–computer aided architectural design.The aim of the research was to create a programming tool which generate linear construction grids for a cubic form and then optimize them according to given parameters. The data produced during this process is then visualized by digital models which can be evaluated by a designer as ready for production or can be changed in a further design process. Eventually, this data is an input for scripting tools creating production drawings for CNC machines. The thesis contains information about the mathematical description of the structure, methods of its generation, analysis and optimization. It deals also with problems connected with data exchange and storage. The effect of the work is presented by visualizations of digital models as well as by using rapid prototyping methods. Moreover, the most spectacular result of using tools presented in this thesis is the NDS2004 exhibition structure.
series	thesis:MSc
email
last changed	2005/09/09 12:58

_id	ddss2004_d-283
id	ddss2004_d-283
authors	Van Bronswijk, J.E.M.H., L.G.H. Koren, and C.E.E. Pernot
year	2004
title	Adapting Epidemiological Methodologies to the Prediction of Health Effects of Built Environment Interventions
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) Developments in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Eindhoven: Eindhoven University of Technology, ISBN 90-6814-155-4, p. 283-290
summary	The influence of built environments on vitality and productivity of users is paramount. Since the introduction of Industrial, Flexible and Demountable Building, domotics, smart buildings, in general: mass-produced, intelligent and learning built environments, tailored built environments are within reach. This has resulted in the need for methodologies to predict short-term and long-term health effects of different built-environment constellations. Epidemiology has developed and validated methods to assess changes in prevalence of inflictions and other unhealthy conditions, as well as the number of healthy and vital years in a life span. After analysing the relationships among building (services) parts and its combinations, health determinants (exposures) and health outcomes, we could adapt the healthy years assessment (DALY) to changes in construction (insulation, air tightness) and building services engineering (ventilation, heating) for dwellings under Dutch conditions. The most important conclusion is that natural ventilation, mechanical ventilation and balanced ventilation not only differ in their average health effect, but even more so in the size of the ranges of these effects. Other systems, such as heat pumps or photo voltaic cells are expensive but will become economically applicable when healthcare costs are taken into account. These outcomes gave valuable clues for product innovation and opened the possibility to model health in relation to built environments. The method could also be applied to quality classification systems for dwellings.
keywords	Health Prediction, Built Environment, Epidemiology, Modelling
series	DDSS
last changed	2004/07/03 22:13

_id	ddss2004_ra-19
id	ddss2004_ra-19
authors	Akamine, A. and A. Nélson Rodrigues da Silva
year	2004
title	An Evaluation of Neural Spatial Interaction Models Based on a Practical Application
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) Recent Advances in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN: 1-4020-2408-8, p. 19-32
summary	One of the serious problems faced by the Brazilian municipalities is the scarcity of resources for building education infrastructure. This asks for an optimal allocation of the available resources that includes, among other things, a rational spatial arrangement of the supply points (i.e., schools) in order to increase the demand coverage (i.e., students). If it is possible to foresee the regions where the demand is going to be concentrated, it is then possible to plan the location of new facilities and to assess the impact on the future level of service of the entire system. Considering that one of the consequences of the location-allocation process is the distribution of trips from demand points to supply points throughout the city, therefore affecting the overall intraurban accessibility conditions to essential services such as education, there is a strong need of models that planners can rely on to predict the future trip distribution patterns. As a result, the objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) when applied to spatial interaction models, the so-called Neural Spatial Interaction Models. This was done in a practical context, in contrast to the more theoretical works commonly found in literature. The practical application showed that the neural spatial interaction model had different performances when compared to the traditional gravity models. In one case the neural models outperformed the gravity models, while on the other case it was just the opposite. The explanation for this may be in the data or in the ANN model formulation, as discussed in the conclusions.
keywords	Artificial Neural Networks, Spatial Interaction Models, Education Infrastructure
series	DDSS
last changed	2004/07/03 22:13

_id	ddss2004_ra-177
id	ddss2004_ra-177
authors	Ballas, D., R. Kingston, and J. Stillwell
year	2004
title	Using a Spatial Microsimulation Decision Support System for Policy Scenario Analysis
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) Recent Advances in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN: 1-4020-2408-8, p. 177-191
summary	This paper discusses the potential of a spatial microsimulation-based decision support system for policy analysis. The system can be used to describe current conditions and issues in neighbourhoods, predict future trends in the composition and health of neighbourhoods and conduct modelling and predictive analysis to measure the likely impact of policy interventions at the local level. A large dynamic spatial micro-simulation model is being constructed for the population of Leeds (approximately 715,000 individuals) based on spatial microsimulation techniques in conjunction with a range of data, including 2001 Census data for Output Areas and sample data from the British Household Panel Survey. The project has three main aims as follows: (i) to develop a static microsimulation model to describe current conditions in Leeds; (ii) to enable the performance of ‘What if?’ analysis on a range of policy scenarios; and (iii) to develop a dynamic microsimulation model to predict future conditions in Leeds under different policy scenarios. The paper reports progress in meeting the above aims and outlines the associated difficulties and data issues. One of the significant advantages of the spatial microsimulation approach adopted by this project is that it enables the user to query any combination of variables that is deemed desirable for policy analysis. The paper will illustrate the software tool being developed in the context of this project that is capable of carrying out queries of this type and of mapping their results. The decision support tool is being developed to support policy-makers concerned with urban regeneration and neighbourhood renewal.
keywords	Spatial Microsimulation, Spatial Decision Support Systems, Geotools
series	DDSS
last changed	2004/07/03 22:13

_id	eaea2003_21-ws-bartik
id	eaea2003_21-ws-bartik
authors	Bartik, R.
year	2004
title	The Model of the Town Hradec Kralove 2000
source	Spatial Simulation and Evaluation - New Tools in Architectural and Urban Design [Proceedings of the 6th European Architectural Endoscopy Association Conference / ISBN 80-227-2088-7], pp. 103-105
summary	The work on this model is a unique case not only with regard to its extent but predominantly to the implementation of the most up-to-date model production technologies developed on the basis of research activities in the Institute of Model Design, Faculty of Architecture, Czech Technical University in Prague. The construction of the 2000 HK model was ordered on the basis of tender by the Municipality Office of Hradec Králové – Department of the Architect on occasion of the 775th anniversary of the town’s foundation.
series	EAEA
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/eaea
last changed	2005/09/09 10:43

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