Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	sigradi2008_166
id	sigradi2008_166
authors	Papanikolaou, Dimitris
year	2008
title	Digital Fabrication Production System Theory: Towards an Integrated Environment for Design and Production of Assemblies
source	SIGraDi 2008 - [Proceedings of the 12th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] La Habana - Cuba 1-5 December 2008
summary	A Digital Fabrication Production System (DFPS) is a concept describing a set of processes, tools, and resources that will be able to produce an artifact according to a design, fast, cheap, and easy, independently of location. A DFPS project is a complex assembly of custom parts that is delivered by a network of fabrication and assembly processes. This network is called the value chain. The workflow concept of a DFPS is the following: begin design process with a custom geometric form; decompose it into constructible parts; send the part files for fabrication to various locations; transport all parts at the construction site at the right time; finally, assemble the final artifact. Conceptually it means that based on a well structured value chain we could build anything we want, at anyplace, at controllable cost and quality. The goals of a DFPS are the following: custom shapes, controllable lead time, controllable quality, controllable cost, easiness of fabrication, and easiness of assembly. Simply stated this means to build any form, anywhere, accurately, cheap, fast, and easy. Unfortunately, the reality with current Digital Fabrication (DF) projects is rather disappointing: They take more time than what was planned, they get more expensive than what was expected, they involve great risk and uncertainty, and finally they are too complex to plan, understand, and manage. Moreover, most of these problems are discovered during production when it is already late for correction. However, there is currently no systematic approach to evaluate difficulty of production of DF projects in Architecture. Most of current risk assessment methods are based on experience gathered from previous similar cases. But it is the premise of mass customization that projects can be radically different. Assembly incompatibilities are currently addressed by building physical mockups. But physical mockups cause a significant loss in both time and cost. All these problems suggest that an introduction of a DFPS for mass customization in architecture needs first an integrated theory of assembly and management control. Evaluating feasibility of a DF project has two main problems: first, how to evaluate assemblability of the design; second, how to evaluate performance of the value chain. Assemblability is a system’s structure problem, while performance is a system’s dynamics problem. Structure of systems has been studied in the field of Systems Engineering by Network Analysis methods such as the Design Structure Matrix (DSM) (Steward 1981), and the liaison graph (Whitney 2004), while dynamics of systems have been studied by System Dynamics (Forrester 1961). Can we define a formal method to evaluate the difficulty of production of an artifact if we know the artifact’s design and the production system’s structure? This paper formulates Attribute Process Methodology (APM); a method for assessing feasibility of a DFPS project that combines Network Analysis to evaluate assemblability of the design with System Dynamics to evaluate performance of the value chain.
keywords	Digital Fabrication, Production System, System Dynamics, Network Analysis, Assembly
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:57

_id	ddss2004_d-49
id	ddss2004_d-49
authors	Polidori, M. and R. Krafta
year	2004
title	Environment – Urban Interface within Urban Growth
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) Developments in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Eindhoven: Eindhoven University of Technology, ISBN 90-6814-155-4, p. 49-62
summary	This work presents the synthesis of a model of urban growth dedicated to accomplish simulations of urban spatial dynamics, based on integrated urban and environmental factors and promoting simultaneity among external and internal growth. The city and surrounding environment are captured and modeled in computational ambient, by application of the centrality / potential model (Krafta, 1994 and 1999), with support of graph theory, cellular automata, GIS and geocomputation. The model assumes the city as a field of opportunities for obtaining income, mediated by the space, which is composed of urban and environmental attributes, that work as attractors or as resistances for the urban growth. The space configuration and the distribution of those attributes generate tensions that differentiate qualitatively and quantitatively the space, through the centrality measure (built with the support of graphs techniques), coming to provoke growth in places with larger potential of development (built with the help of techniques of CA – cellular automata). Growths above environmental thresholds are considered problems, generated and overcome in the same process of production of the urban space. Iterations of that process offer a dynamic behaviour to the model, allowing to observe the growth process along the time. The model presents several possibilities: a) urban - natural environment integration; b) internal and external growth integration; c) variety in the scale; d) GIS integration and geocomputation; e) user interface; f) calibration; g) theoretical possibilities; and h) practical possibilities.
keywords	Environment, Urban Growth, Urban Morphology, Simulation
series	DDSS
last changed	2004/07/03 22:13

_id	sigradi2006_e183a
id	sigradi2006_e183a
authors	Costa Couceiro, Mauro
year	2006
title	La Arquitectura como Extensión Fenotípica Humana - Un Acercamiento Basado en Análisis Computacionales [Architecture as human phenotypic extension – An approach based on computational explorations]
source	SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 56-60
summary	The study describes some of the aspects tackled within a current Ph.D. research where architectural applications of constructive, structural and organization processes existing in biological systems are considered. The present information processing capacity of computers and the specific software development have allowed creating a bridge between two holistic nature disciplines: architecture and biology. The crossover between those disciplines entails a methodological paradigm change towards a new one based on the dynamical aspects of forms and compositions. Recent studies about artificial-natural intelligence (Hawkins, 2004) and developmental-evolutionary biology (Maturana, 2004) have added fundamental knowledge about the role of the analogy in the creative process and the relationship between forms and functions. The dimensions and restrictions of the Evo-Devo concepts are analyzed, developed and tested by software that combines parametric geometries, L-systems (Lindenmayer, 1990), shape-grammars (Stiny and Gips, 1971) and evolutionary algorithms (Holland, 1975) as a way of testing new architectural solutions within computable environments. It is pondered Lamarck´s (1744-1829) and Weismann (1834-1914) theoretical approaches to evolution where can be found significant opposing views. Lamarck´s theory assumes that an individual effort towards a specific evolutionary goal can cause change to descendents. On the other hand, Weismann defended that the germ cells are not affected by anything the body learns or any ability it acquires during its life, and cannot pass this information on to the next generation; this is called the Weismann barrier. Lamarck’s widely rejected theory has recently found a new place in artificial and natural intelligence researches as a valid explanation to some aspects of the human knowledge evolution phenomena, that is, the deliberate change of paradigms in the intentional research of solutions. As well as the analogy between genetics and architecture (Estévez and Shu, 2000) is useful in order to understand and program emergent complexity phenomena (Hopfield, 1982) for architectural solutions, also the consideration of architecture as a product of a human extended phenotype can help us to understand better its cultural dimension.
keywords	evolutionary computation; genetic architectures; artificial/natural intelligence
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:49

_id	20ff
id	20ff
authors	Derix, Christian
year	2004
title	Building a Synthetic Cognizer
source	Design Computation Cognition conference 2004, MIT
summary	Understanding ‘space’ as a structured and dynamic system can provide us with insight into the central concept in the architectural discourse that so far has proven to withstand theoretical framing (McLuhan 1964). The basis for this theoretical assumption is that space is not a void left by solid matter but instead an emergent quality of action and interaction between individuals and groups with a physical environment (Hillier 1996). In this way it can be described as a parallel distributed system, a self-organising entity. Extrapolating from Luhmann’s theory of social systems (Luhmann 1984), a spatial system is autonomous from its progenitors, people, but remains intangible to a human observer due to its abstract nature and therefore has to be analysed by computed entities, synthetic cognisers, with the capacity to perceive. This poster shows an attempt to use another complex system, a distributed connected algorithm based on Kohonen’s self-organising feature maps – SOM (Kohonen 1997), as a “perceptual aid” for creating geometric mappings of these spatial systems that will shed light on our understanding of space by not representing space through our usual mechanics but by constructing artificial spatial cognisers with abilities to make spatial representations of their own. This allows us to be shown novel representations that can help us to see new differences and similarities in spatial configurations.
keywords	architectural design, neural networks, cognition, representation
series	other
type	poster
email
more	http://www.springer.com/computer/ai/book/978-1-4020-2392-7
last changed	2012/09/17 21:13

_id	2004_262
id	2004_262
authors	Martens, Bob
year	2004
title	CAAD-Repositories for Scientific Information Exchange - An Overview on SciX-Pilots Related to CAAD
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2004.262
source	Architecture in the Network Society [22nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-2-4] Copenhagen (Denmark) 15-18 September 2004, pp. 262-268
summary	Academic publishing started in the hands and under the control of learned societies. Open access to digital publications has the potential of returning control to these associations again. In this paper CAAD-related digital library pilots, which were developed in the framework of the SciX-project (“Open, Self Organising Repository for Scientific Information Exchange”) will be elaborated. SciX focused its work on the infrastructure and business models for subject-specific repositories. Electronic publishing can re-establish the central role of scientific communities and associations in the scientific publishing process.
keywords	Database Systems; Scientific Knowledge Management; Retrospective CAAD Research; Web-Based Bibliographic Database
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	sigradi2004_323
id	sigradi2004_323
authors	Yoshihiro Kobayashi; Meenakshi Sharma
year	2004
title	Dynamic interface for axial spatial arrangements using soft computing
source	SIGraDi 2004 - [Proceedings of the 8th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Porte Alegre - Brasil 10-12 november 2004
summary	This paper describes a computer application that can organize 3D objects along an axis and also redistribute those based on a set of constraints or existing patterns as selected by the user. In particular, the focus of the paper is the two dynamic Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs): the Constraint Arrangement (CA) and the Pattern Arrangement (PA). For these, we use the Soft Computing Techniques . Kohonen.s Self Organizing Map (SOM) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). In both the cases, the application outputs an axial organization of predefined 3D objects which, either adhere to selected constraints or follow patterns set by prior design. The application is implemented, tested and its results are demonstrated using buildings systems.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 10:03

_id	ddss2004_d-1
id	ddss2004_d-1
authors	Cerovsek, T. and B. Martens
year	2004
title	On the Extended Use of Citations in CAAD
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) Developments in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Eindhoven: Eindhoven University of Technology, ISBN 90-6814-155-4, p. 1-17
summary	This paper discusses the extended use of the Cumulative Index of CAAD (CUMINCAD) - a digital library set up in 1998 serving the CAAD-community as an important source of scientific information with over 6.000 recorded entries published on-line. The aim of this paper is to elaborate a related Citation Index to CUMINCAD - with over 20.000 references - and to provide information on entries with an exceptional high impact in the CUMINCAD database. The importance is determined through its use (citing) in the framework of afterwards published scientific materials. By utilizing graph theory methods extensive citation analyses will be presented illustrating the impact of particular contributions in different research topics.
keywords	Scientific Knowledge Management, Retrospective CAAD Research, Graph Theory, CAAD-Related Publications, Web-Based Bibliographic Database
series	DDSS
last changed	2004/07/03 22:13

_id	212caadria2004
id	212caadria2004
authors	John S. Gero and Jerry Jen-Hung Tsai
year	2004
title	Application of Bond Graph Models to the Representation of Buildings and Their Use
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2004.373
source	CAADRIA 2004 [Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 89-7141-648-3] Seoul Korea 28-30 April 2004, pp. 373-385
summary	This paper presents some early research on developing a representation for buildings that has the capacity to integrate a number of disparate design domains. This representation is developed based on bond graphs. Its goal is to represent not only steady state topologies of spaces in buildings, but also building dynamics, people and other flows within those spaces.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	ddss2004_ra-341
id	ddss2004_ra-341
authors	Murakami, M., K. Higuchi, and A. Shibayama
year	2004
title	Relationship between Convenience Store Robberies and Road Environment
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) Recent Advances in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN: 1-4020-2408-8, p. 341-356
summary	This study focuses on road environment around robbed convenience stores and elucidates the road characteristics that are conducive to convenience store robberies by using GIS and indexes of graphs and networks. The method of this study is as follows: Five convenience store robberies, which occurred in Metropolitan Tokyo, were selected from newspaper reports. Then, road networks within a 1-kilometer radius of the robbed convenience stores were extracted from digital maps with a scale of one-twenty five hundredth (Geographical Survey Institute and Bureau of City Planning Tokyo Metropolitan Government). After adding the road networks and the attributes such as road width, we investigate the road characteristics using GIS and indexes of graphs and networks. Finally, we demonstrate several factors associated with convenience store robberies based on this compiled information.
keywords	Convenience Store Robbery, GIS, Graph Theory, Indexes of Graphs and Networks
series	DDSS
last changed	2004/07/03 22:13

_id	acadia16_140
id	acadia16_140
authors	Nejur, Andrei; Steinfeld, Kyle
year	2016
title	Ivy: Bringing a Weighted-Mesh Representations to Bear on Generative Architectural Design Applications
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2016.140
source	ACADIA // 2016: POSTHUMAN FRONTIERS: Data, Designers, and Cognitive Machines [Proceedings of the 36th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-692-77095-5] Ann Arbor 27-29 October, 2016, pp. 140-151
summary	Mesh segmentation has become an important and well-researched topic in computational geometry in recent years (Agathos et al. 2008). As a result, a number of new approaches have been developed that have led to innovations in a diverse set of problems in computer graphics (CG) (Sharmir 2008). Specifically, a range of effective methods for the division of a mesh have recently been proposed, including by K-means (Shlafman et al. 2002), graph cuts (Golovinskiy and Funkhouser 2008; Katz and Tal 2003), hierarchical clustering (Garland et al. 2001; Gelfand and Guibas 2004; Golovinskiy and Funkhouser 2008), primitive fitting (Athene et al. 2004), random walks (Lai et al.), core extraction (Katz et al.) tubular multi-scale analysis (Mortara et al. 2004), spectral clustering (Liu and Zhang 2004), and critical point analysis (Lin et al. 20070, all of which depend upon a weighted graph representation, typically the dual of a given mesh (Sharmir 2008). While these approaches have been proven effective within the narrowly defined domains of application for which they have been developed (Chen 2009), they have not been brought to bear on wider classes of problems in fields outside of CG, specifically on problems relevant to generative architectural design. Given the widespread use of meshes and the utility of segmentation in GAD, by surveying the relevant and recently matured approaches to mesh segmentation in CG that share a common representation of the mesh dual, this paper identifies and takes steps to address a heretofore unrealized transfer of technology that would resolve a missed opportunity for both subject areas. Meshes are often employed by architectural designers for purposes that are distinct from and present a unique set of requirements in relation to similar applications that have enjoyed more focused study in computer science. This paper presents a survey of similar applications, including thin-sheet fabrication (Mitani and Suzuki 2004), rendering optimization (Garland et al. 2001), 3D mesh compression (Taubin et al. 1998), morphin (Shapira et al. 2008) and mesh simplification (Kalvin and Taylor 1996), and distinguish the requirements of these applications from those presented by GAD, including non-refinement in advance of the constraining of mesh geometry to planar-quad faces, and the ability to address a diversity of mesh features that may or may not be preserved. Following this survey of existing approaches and unmet needs, the authors assert that if a generalized framework for working with graph representations of meshes is developed, allowing for the interactive adjustment of edge weights, then the recent developments in mesh segmentation may be better brought to bear on GAD problems. This paper presents work toward the development of just such a framework, implemented as a plug-in for the visual programming environment Grasshopper.
keywords	tool-building, design simulation, fabrication, computation, megalith
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	diss_segers
id	Diss_Segers
authors	Segers, Nicole M.
year	2004
title	Computational Representations of Words and Associations in Architectural Design - Development of a System Supporting Creative Design
source	Eindhoven University of Technology
summary	The aim of this research is to determine what the role of words and associations is in the field of Computer Aided Architectural Design (CAAD), aiming at support for the architect in the early phase of the design process. Aspects that are researched in greater detail are the reduction of fixation and enhancement of creativity by using written words and semantic associations to make graph representations. The research method contains two case studies along with a literature study leading to assertions and hypotheses that are tested with a working prototype in an experiment.
keywords	Words; Associations; Architectural Design; Creative Cognition
series	thesis:PhD
email
more	www.nicolesegers.nl
last changed	2004/03/23 17:19

_id	ascaad2004_paper4
id	ascaad2004_paper4
authors	Ahmad, Sumbul and Scott C. Chase
year	2004
title	Design Generation of the Central Asian Caravanserai
source	eDesign in Architecture: ASCAAD's First International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design, 7-9 December 2004, KFUPM, Saudi Arabia
summary	Challenges for the study of Islamic architecture include its abundance and diversity in expression and its classification based on distinct functional or stylistic types. We address these issues by presenting shape grammars as a methodology for the analysis and design generation of Islamic architecture, with a specific example in the form of a parametric shape grammar for central Asian caravanserais. The grammar is developed by identifying distinct design types. Shape rules are created based on a study of the spatial elements and their organisation in the designs. We illustrate the utility of the grammar by deriving an extant design and as well as, previously unknown designs. We conclude by discussing possible extensions to the current grammar and future work involving the development of a grammar based framework for the comparative analysis of medieval Islamic courtyard buildings.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2007/04/08 19:47

_id	ijac20042405
id	ijac20042405
authors	Heitor, Teresa V.; Duarte, José P.; Pinto, Rafaela M.
year	2004
title	Combing Grammars and Space Syntax: Formulating, Generating and Evaluating Designs
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 2 - no. 4, 492-515
summary	This paper is concerned with how two different computational approaches to design – shape grammars and space syntax – can be combined into a single common framework for formulating, generating, and evaluating designs. The main goal is to explore how the formal principles applied in the design process interact with the spatial properties of the designed objects. Results suggest that space syntax is (1) useful in determining the universe of solutions generated by the grammar and (2) in evaluating the evolving designs in terms of spatial properties and, therefore, in guiding the generation of designs.
series	journal
email
more	http://www.multi-science.co.uk/ijac.htm
last changed	2007/03/04 07:08

_id	liewh_pdh_2004
id	liewh_pdh_2004
authors	Liew, Haldane
year	2004
title	SGML: a meta-language for shape grammars
source	PhD dissertation, Department of Architecture, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass
summary	A shape grammar develops a drawing through a series of transformations by repeatedly applying if-then rules. Although the rules can be designed, in principle, to construct any type of drawing, the drawings they construct may not necessarily develop in the manner intended by the designer of the grammar. In this thesis, I introduce a shape grammar meta-language that adds power to grammars based on the shape grammar language. Using the shape grammar meta-language, the author of a grammar can: (1) explicitly determine the sequence in which a set of rules is applied; (2) restrict rule application through a filtering process; and (3) use context to guide the rule matching process, all of which provide a guided design experience for the user of the grammar. Three example grammars demonstrate the effectiveness of the meta-language. The first example is the Bilateral Grid grammar which demonstrates how the meta-language facilitates the development of grammars that offer users multiple design choices. The second grammar is the Hexagon Path grammar which demonstrates how the metalanguage is useful in contexts other than architectural design. The third and most ambitious example is the Durand grammar which embodies the floor plan design process described in Précis of the Lectures of Architecture, written by JNL Durand, an eighteenth century architectural educator. Durand's floor plan design process develops a plan through a series of transformations from grid to axis to parti to wall. The corresponding Durand grammar, which consists of 74 rules and 15 macros organized into eight stages, captures Durand's ideas and fills in gaps in Durand's description of his process. A key contribution of this thesis is the seven descriptors that constitute the meta-language. The descriptors are used in grammar rules: (1) to organize a set of rules for the user to choose from; (2) to group together a series of rules; (3) to filter information in a drawing; (4) to constrain where a rule can apply; and (5) to control how a rule is applied. The end result is a language that allows the author to create grammars that guide users by carefully controlling the design process in the manner intended by the author.
series	thesis:PhD
email
last changed	2005/09/09 12:58

_id	2004_195
id	2004_195
authors	Ozel, Filiz
year	2004
title	Modulation and Mathematics in Generative Building Design
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2004.195
source	Architecture in the Network Society [22nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-2-4] Copenhagen (Denmark) 15-18 September 2004, pp. 195-200
summary	The rise of design computation as a paradigm in design process has certainly brought increased attention to the mathematical basis of form giving in architectural design. Numerous types of generative systems ranging from shape grammars to parametric design have been developed in the past, where computers are used as a tool to generate building form automatically. This paper focuses on the role of number sequences and mathematical methods of controlling and introducing systematic change (modulation) to generative systems. In a graduate level class, VBA programming through a CAD system was used to develop software that can parametrically generate 2-d and 3-d forms. As a conclusion, the paper argues that forms generated as such are not monotonous, and that being particularly attentive to the mathematical basis of variation and change in parametric generators allows one to explore change in a more systematic fashion.
keywords	Generative System, Mathematics, Modulation, CAD
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 08:00

_id	2004_142
id	2004_142
authors	Achten, Henri, Jessurun, Joran and de Vries, Bauke
year	2004
title	The Desk-Cave - A Low-Cost Versatile Virtual Reality Design and Research Setup Between Desktop and CAVE
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2004.142
source	Architecture in the Network Society [22nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-2-4] Copenhagen (Denmark) 15-18 September 2004, pp. 142-147
summary	Virtual Reality has become an almost ubiquitous technology in many applications, but it has seen limited success in design support. Reasons for this seem to lie in lack of easily available tools, high threshold for non-programmers, and high cost of equipment. In this paper we describe a Virtual Reality environment that is developed at Design Systems called the Desk-Cave. The Desk-Cave is a low-cost VR setup that combines principles of a CAVE system with a work desk. Architecture students with no specific training in VR technology use the Desk-Cave in design projects both in the early stage and the final presentation stage. The system allows quick transfer to the Desk-Cave and architectural evaluation of design proposals.
keywords	Virtual Reality, Architectural Design, Design Process, Cel Shading
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	ddss2004_ra-19
id	ddss2004_ra-19
authors	Akamine, A. and A. Nélson Rodrigues da Silva
year	2004
title	An Evaluation of Neural Spatial Interaction Models Based on a Practical Application
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) Recent Advances in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN: 1-4020-2408-8, p. 19-32
summary	One of the serious problems faced by the Brazilian municipalities is the scarcity of resources for building education infrastructure. This asks for an optimal allocation of the available resources that includes, among other things, a rational spatial arrangement of the supply points (i.e., schools) in order to increase the demand coverage (i.e., students). If it is possible to foresee the regions where the demand is going to be concentrated, it is then possible to plan the location of new facilities and to assess the impact on the future level of service of the entire system. Considering that one of the consequences of the location-allocation process is the distribution of trips from demand points to supply points throughout the city, therefore affecting the overall intraurban accessibility conditions to essential services such as education, there is a strong need of models that planners can rely on to predict the future trip distribution patterns. As a result, the objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) when applied to spatial interaction models, the so-called Neural Spatial Interaction Models. This was done in a practical context, in contrast to the more theoretical works commonly found in literature. The practical application showed that the neural spatial interaction model had different performances when compared to the traditional gravity models. In one case the neural models outperformed the gravity models, while on the other case it was just the opposite. The explanation for this may be in the data or in the ANN model formulation, as discussed in the conclusions.
keywords	Artificial Neural Networks, Spatial Interaction Models, Education Infrastructure
series	DDSS
last changed	2004/07/03 22:13

_id	avocaad_2003_05
id	avocaad_2003_05
authors	Alexander Koutamanis
year	2003
title	Autonomous mechanisms in architectural design systems
source	LOCAL VALUES in a NETWORKED DESIGN WORLD - ADDED VALUE OF COMPUTER AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, Stellingwerff, Martijn and Verbeke, Johan (Eds.), (2004) DUP Science - Delft University Press, ISBN 90-407-2507-1.
summary	The development of architectural design systems that describe fully the form, structure and behaviour of a design relies heavily on the incorporation of intelligence in the representations, analyses, transformations and transactions used by the computer. Traditionally such intelligence takes either of two forms. The first is a methodical framework that guides actions supported by the design system (usually in a top-down fashion). The second is local, intelligence mechanisms that resolve discrete, relatively well-defined subproblems (often with limited if any user intervention). Local intelligent mechanisms offer the means for adaptability and transformability in architectural design systems, including the localization of global tendencies. This refers both to the digital design technologies and to the historical, cultural and contextual modifications of design styles and approaches.
keywords	Architecture, Local values, Globalisation, Computer Aided Architectural Design
series	AVOCAAD
email
last changed	2006/01/16 21:38

_id	sigradi2004_209
id	sigradi2004_209
authors	Alexandre Cantini Rezende
year	2004
title	Estudo sobre o cognitivismo e o hipertexto, e a disponibilização de material didático na internet [A Study on Cognitivism and Hypertext, and Pedagogical Material delivery over the Internet]
source	SIGraDi 2004 - [Proceedings of the 8th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Porte Alegre - Brasil 10-12 november 2004
summary	Internet has made the use of computer based teaching tools more popular then ever. Little attention has been paid to methods for providing schoolbooks in hypertext environment, though. The objective of this research was to develop propositions of methods and tools specifically for presenting textbook in interactive digital environments, paying attention to the characteristics and demands of contemporary youth and the characteristics and potentialities of hypertext systems, specially its associative quality, similar to those of the human mind. The theory on which this article is based is brought by David Ausubel.s cognitive pedagogy and its similarity to web systems, especially those which are hypertext based.
keywords	Hypertext; Education; Cognition; Webdesign; Textbook
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	ddss2006-pb-101
id	DDSS2006-PB-101
authors	Aloys W.J. Borgers, I.M.E. Smeets, A.D.A.M. Kemperman, and H.J.P. Timmermans
year	2006
title	Simulation of Micro Pedestrian Behaviour in Shopping Streets
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Progress in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Eindhoven: Eindhoven University of Technology, ISBN-10: 90-386-1756-9, ISBN-13: 978-90-386-1756-5, p. 101-116
summary	Over the years, scholars have developed various models of pedestrian movement. These models can be used to assess the effects of detailed design decisions or to predict pedestrian behaviour under conditions of crowding. To date, not much attention has been paid to pedestrians' shopping behaviour at the micro level. Therefore, the main purpose of this project is to test a model that aims at simulating micro pedestrian behaviour in shopping streets, including entering shops. The model assumes a detailed network of links to represent the structure of street segments and entrances to the shops. The basic principle underlying the model is that a pedestrian moves from one link in the network to another, adjacent link. In fact, a pedestrian enters a segment at one side, heading for the other side of the segment. However, a pedestrian might enter the segment by leaving a shop as well. Then, the pedestrian might be heading for either side of the segment. While transferring from the current link to the next link, the pedestrian will be attracted by the shops along both sides of the street. The study area is Antwerp's main shopping street. During a one-week workshop in July 2004, students observed pedestrian movement in this shopping street. An inventory of some physical characteristics of the shopping street was made and pedestrians were tracked through two separate segments of the shopping street. In total, 334 pedestrians were tracked. A conventional multinomial logit model is used to simulate pedestrians' micro behaviour. The process of consecutively selecting links continues until the pedestrian has reached one of the terminal links or a shop. The model performs very well. Simulated routes were used to assess the validity of the model. Observed and simulated link loading correspond fairly well, however, the model seems to slightly mispredict the attraction of a number of shops.
keywords	Micro pedestrian behaviour, Shopping street, Simulation
series	DDSS
last changed	2006/08/29 12:55

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