Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	2004_325
id	2004_325
authors	Sarawgi, Tina
year	2004
title	Using Computers as a Spatial Visualization and Design Exploration Medium
source	Architecture in the Network Society [22nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-2-4] Copenhagen (Denmark) 15-18 September 2004, pp. 325-332
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2004.325
summary	The constant advances in the use of computers to simulate light over the past few decades, has led computer-aided rendering to become increasingly photorealistic. However, the rendering is still processor-intensive and time-consuming, difficult to generate in real time. Design students need to be well versed in the depiction of the effects of light in an environment, crucial to spatial visualization. With increasing computing power, advanced algorithms and increased realism, the central pedagogical issue in their use is not what computers can do for us today, but what and how we can make them do what we do better. We have to be careful in not getting seduced by the advancing technology but use it innovatively to build students into better designers. This paper discusses a project demonstrating the apparent potential of computers for spatial visualization and design exploration of light and space, in their present stage. The project shows a departure from the traditional methods of using computers or of teaching lighting in a design school. Computers are used by students to especially create flashy imagery. On the other hand, lighting is explained in clinical terms without exploration of its experiential qualities. This exercise helped the students to develop a better understanding of the physics of light from the method most familiar and expected of students – visual. The project deems it more important to have a quick means to produce an overview of the implication of the design choices than to provide precise information regarding a hypothetical final solution. Hence, after creating the lighting in the space based on the desired experiential qualities, the illumination can be conveyed to a lighting expert for detailed quantitative computations. The project results are shown and outcomes discussed.
keywords	Visualization, Light, Space, Digital Technology, Pedagogy
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	179e
id	179e
authors	Schnabel, Marc Aurel
year	2004
title	ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN IN VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS: EXPLORING COGNITION AND COMMUNICATION IN IMMERSIVE VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS
source	Department of Architecture, The University of Hong Kong
summary	There is a distance between the idea in the imagination of a design and its representation, communication and realisation. Architects use a variety of tools to bridge this gap. Each tool places different demands on the designer and each, through inherent characteristics and affordances, introduces reinterpretations of the design idea, thus imposing a divergence between the idea and the expression of the idea. Design is an activity that is greatly complex, influenced by numerous factors. The process may follow rules or established proceedings and traditions. Alternatively, the designer may choose to explore freely with no need to conventions. In all instances, the medium in which the exploration takes place will affect the act of designing to some degree. Tools are chosen, in part, to facilitate the chosen design process. Most researches on Virtual Environments (VE) have focused on their use as presentation or simulation environments. There has been inadequate research in the use of VE for designing. It has been suggested that this tool can empower designers to express, explore and convey their imagination more easily. For these reasons the very different nature of VE may allow architects to create designs that make use of the properties of VE that other tools do not offer in that way. As yet, barely any basic research has examined the use of VE to support the acts of designing. This thesis examines the implications of architectural design within VE. Perception and comprehension of spatial volumes within VE is examined by the comparison of representations using conventional architectural design method. A series of experiments was conducted to investigate the relative effectiveness of both immersive and non-immersive VE by looking at the creation, interpretation and communication of architectural design. The findings suggest why form comprehension and finding may be enhanced within VE activity. The thesis draws conclusions by comparing the results with conventional methods of two-dimensional depictions as they appear on paper or three-dimensional representations such as physical models.
keywords	Virtual Environments; Virtual Environment Design Studio; VeDS; Collaborative Design; Cognition; Communication
series	thesis:PhD
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2005/11/15 05:53

_id	ecaade2007_187
id	ecaade2007_187
authors	Pratschke, Anja; Tramontano, Marcelo
year	2007
title	No Man is an Island (Even in the Virtual World): The Online_Communities Project
source	Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 703-709
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.703
summary	This article is based on the results of various research projects on the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to reduce the digital divide in poor neighborhoods at Nomads.usp Research Center (Center for Studies on Interactive Living, www.eesc.usp.br/nomads). Among them is the Online_Communities project, which has been financed by the São Paulo State Research Funding Agency - FAPESP since 2004 involving four research groups from both the Architecture and Computer Science departments at the University of São Paulo and various public and non-governmental organizations. The Online_Communities project proposes a diversified approach in order to cover the different aspects of the conception and implementation of a specific geographical complex communication system in a mixed reality scenario. It includes its network, the requalification of a local telecenter, meta-recycling activities, setting-up a graphic interface and presenting some workshops.
keywords	Public policies, Brazil, digital divide, collaborative network, interface
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 08:00

_id	disschoo
id	disschoo
authors	Choo, Seung Yeon
year	2004
title	STUDY ON COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN SUPPORT OF TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURAL THEORIES
source	Technische Universität München
summary	The research presented in this thesis describes a computer-aided design support of traditional architectural theories. Traditional architectural theories in western architecture have been considered as a basis for answering the fundamental questions of architecture: proportion, symmetry, colour, harmony and so on. In particular, the aesthetic aspect of these theories has been one of many important architectural aspects, and which is concerned with the field of architecture in determining the beauty of architectural form. The most significant role of the traditional theories in architecture is to maintain unity, to avoid chaos and then to achieve harmony in a design, using some specific design principles. However, current technology-guided constructions tend to neglect often the importance of these theories due to the standardization of building elements, due to mechanically-prepared construction and the reducing completion costs, etc. Thus, this research proposes a design support system as a design assistant that gives an intelligent advice on architectural design, using analytical design- and ordering- principles of traditional theories for the optimization of the architectural design from the aesthetic perspective. To evaluate the aesthetic quality of an architectural design, this system is implemented in the AutoCAD environment, using the AutoLISP. It is applied so as to explain and develop aesthetic qualities of a design. Designs proposed by this system include optimum designs, which are based on the traditional architectural theories, and new ones which can be in future connected to information models. To do this, the definition of information about building elements is accomplished by using the neutral format EXPRESS and EXPRESS-G for such application systems. The results of the application system are presented, such as the easily generating and quickly conceptualising of an object model, the checking of the aesthetic value of the design during the various design phases, the helping to find direction during rational searching for a solution. The user can easily appreciate the usefulness of the proposed system as a set of tools for searching for rational architectural aesthetics and formal solutions at different design-stages. It is to be hoped that a new "traditional" fundamental of architecture, such as the proposed system, incorporating CAAD systems, will find its place among new technological methods in the AEC industry and so help to bridge the gap between the value of traditional architecture and CAAD systems.
keywords	Aesthetics, Design Theory, Order Principle, Product Model, IFC, AutoCAD/AutoLISP
series	thesis:PhD
type	normal paper
email
more	http://tumb1.biblio.tu-muenchen.de/publ/diss/ar/2004/choo.html
last changed	2004/05/23 07:05

_id	ddss2004_ra-99
id	ddss2004_ra-99
authors	Göttig, R., J. Newton, and S. Kaufmann
year	2004
title	A COMPARISON OF 3D VISUALIZATION TECHNOLOGIES AND THEIR USER INTERFACES WITH DATA SPECIFIC TO ARCHITECTURE
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) Recent Advances in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN: 1-4020-2408-8, p. 99-111
summary	Contemporary advanced virtual reality systems use different stereoscopic 3D visualization technologies. In this study, VR systems from one projection wall up to VR systems with six projection walls have been evaluated. Besides the optical properties tested with architectural 3D models, the user interfaces have been analyzed with reference to exact and intuitive control abilities. Additionally, the workflow of an early architectural design process with CAAD generated 3D models and VR visualization techniques was analyzed. It turns out that current VR systems exhibit shortcomings in visual and spatial representations, as well as tools for an early design process.
keywords	3D-Systems, Virtual Reality, Powerwall, Holobench, HMD, CAVE, User Interfaces, Visual Display Qualities, Design Process
series	DDSS
type	normal paper
last changed	2004/07/03 23:02

_id	caadria2004_k-1
id	caadria2004_k-1
authors	Kalay, Yehuda E.
year	2004
title	CONTEXTUALIZATION AND EMBODIMENT IN CYBERSPACE
source	CAADRIA 2004 [Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 89-7141-648-3] Seoul Korea 28-30 April 2004, pp. 5-14
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2004.005
summary	The introduction of VRML (Virtual Reality Markup Language) in 1994, and other similar web-enabled dynamic modeling software (such as SGI’s Open Inventor and WebSpace), have created a rush to develop on-line 3D virtual environments, with purposes ranging from art, to entertainment, to shopping, to culture and education. Some developers took their cues from the science fiction literature of Gibson (1984), Stephenson (1992), and others. Many were web-extensions to single-player video games. But most were created as a direct extension to our new-found ability to digitally model 3D spaces and to endow them with interactive control and pseudo-inhabitation. Surprisingly, this technologically-driven stampede paid little attention to the core principles of place-making and presence, derived from architecture and cognitive science, respectively: two principles that could and should inform the essence of the virtual place experience and help steer its development. Why are the principles of place-making and presence important for the development of virtual environments? Why not simply be content with our ability to create realistically-looking 3D worlds that we can visit remotely? What could we possibly learn about making these worlds better, had we understood the essence of place and presence? To answer these questions we cannot look at place-making (both physical and virtual) from a 3D space-making point of view alone, because places are not an end unto themselves. Rather, places must be considered a locus of contextualization and embodiment that ground human activities and give them meaning. In doing so, places acquire a meaning of their own, which facilitates, improves, and enriches many aspects of our lives. They provide us with a means to interpret the activities of others and to direct our own actions. Such meaning is comprised of the social and cultural conceptions and behaviors imprinted on the environment by the presence and activities of its inhabitants, who in turn, ‘read’ by them through their own corporeal embodiment of the same environment. This transactional relationship between the physical aspects of an environment, its social/cultural context, and our own embodiment of it, combine to create what is known as a sense of place: the psychological, physical, social, and cultural framework that helps us interpret the world around us, and directs our own behavior in it. In turn, it is our own (as well as others’) presence in that environment that gives it meaning, and shapes its social/cultural character. By understanding the essence of place-ness in general, and in cyberspace in particular, we can create virtual places that can better support Internet-based activities, and make them equal to, in some cases even better than their physical counterparts. One of the activities that stands to benefit most from understanding the concept of cyber-places is learning—an interpersonal activity that requires the co-presence of others (a teacher and/or fellow learners), who can point out the difference between what matters and what does not, and produce an emotional involvement that helps students learn. Thus, while many administrators and educators rush to develop webbased remote learning sites, to leverage the economic advantages of one-tomany learning modalities, these sites deprive learners of the contextualization and embodiment inherent in brick-and-mortar learning institutions, and which are needed to support the activity of learning. Can these qualities be achieved in virtual learning environments? If so, how? These are some of the questions this talk will try to answer by presenting a virtual place-making methodology and its experimental implementation, intended to create a sense of place through contextualization and embodiment in virtual learning environments.
series	CAADRIA
type	normal paper
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	eaea2003_0
id	eaea2003_0
authors	Kardos, P. and Urland, U. (Eds.)
year	2004
title	SPATIAL SIMULATION AND EVALUATION - NEW TOOLS IN ARCHITECTURAL AND URBAN DESIGN
source	Proceedings of the 6th European Architectural Endoscopy Association Conference / ISBN 80-227-2088-7, 144 p.
summary	The 5th eaea Conference in Essen yielded four principal findings: • After having been limited to endoscopic picture and film renderings of analog scaled models, the european architectural endoscopy association (eaea) first bridged the gap to digital environmental simulations at this conference. It is not about a better or correct method, but a suitable method of representing the planned reality of a particular project using ways that make sense. The combination of digital and analog simulation media is a source of impetus to the user of both methods. The future belongs to the casespecific application and the numerous integration possibilities of the two different media. • In investigating the perception of pictures produced in both analog and digital form, it was ascertained that it was only after greater effort that the same level of pleasing qualities were achieved in the digital world, compared to pictures of analog scaled models. It seems that for many planning phases model-based pictures are superior to digital photos – with regards to economy, quality of representation and imaginative attributes. This last point seems to be especially important in the draft planning stages: the less sharp a picture is, the more remaining room for viewer interpretation there is. In particular, the high degree of precision characteristic of digital simulations no longer allows room for imagination in the individual viewer. • 3D environmental simulations will increasingly be incorporated with success in architecture and urban design courses at universities and colleges both here in Germany as well as abroad. The further spread of these techniques to other universities and colleges is desirable. Over and above application as a pedagogic tool, the use of these simulations by architects and city planners, private planning agencies and municipal planning administrators will also be in evidence in the future – for checking designs, for informing the involved parties, for establishing the decisions of government bodies, for marketing the project. • Also, the interactive use of endoscopic simulation facilities continually opens new fields of research – whether it be for registering subjective distance perception, whether it be for determining orientation possibilities in open spaces.
series	EAEA
type	normal paper
email
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/eaea
last changed	2005/09/09 10:43

_id	sigradi2004_192
id	sigradi2004_192
authors	Adrián J. Levy
year	2004
title	Espacios 4-d animados - Arquitectura de la música [4-D Animated Spaces - The Architecture of Music]
source	SIGraDi 2004 - [Proceedings of the 8th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Porte Alegre - Brasil 10-12 november 2004
summary	This project involves the creation of an architecture of music which may be defined as a series of interdisciplinary steps which seek to generate four-dimensional virtual spaces for the materialization of music. This materialization uses music as its .genetic information ., the virtual space as its medium, and the execution time of the musical piece as the fourth dimension to a three-dimensional virtual space. Within this space, each instrument.s execution is represented by a shape whose properties undergo changes resulting from the musical information. Through the use of new Virtual Reality techniques, we will soon have the possibility to be inside the music, as a habitable place. The achievement of this project is to provide the opportunity to experience this representation through virtual animation.
keywords	Architecture of music, navigable music, cyberspace, four-dimensional, animation
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	ascaad2004_paper4
id	ascaad2004_paper4
authors	Ahmad, Sumbul and Scott C. Chase
year	2004
title	Design Generation of the Central Asian Caravanserai
source	eDesign in Architecture: ASCAAD's First International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design, 7-9 December 2004, KFUPM, Saudi Arabia
summary	Challenges for the study of Islamic architecture include its abundance and diversity in expression and its classification based on distinct functional or stylistic types. We address these issues by presenting shape grammars as a methodology for the analysis and design generation of Islamic architecture, with a specific example in the form of a parametric shape grammar for central Asian caravanserais. The grammar is developed by identifying distinct design types. Shape rules are created based on a study of the spatial elements and their organisation in the designs. We illustrate the utility of the grammar by deriving an extant design and as well as, previously unknown designs. We conclude by discussing possible extensions to the current grammar and future work involving the development of a grammar based framework for the comparative analysis of medieval Islamic courtyard buildings.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2007/04/08 19:47

_id	avocaad_2003_09
id	avocaad_2003_09
authors	Alexander Asanowicz
year	2003
title	Form Follows Media - Experiences of Bialystok School of Architectural Composition
source	LOCAL VALUES in a NETWORKED DESIGN WORLD - ADDED VALUE OF COMPUTER AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, Stellingwerff, Martijn and Verbeke, Johan (Eds.), (2004) DUP Science - Delft University Press, ISBN 90-407-2507-1.
summary	This paper considers transition from physical modelling to digital methods of the creation of architectural forms. Every type of creation has constructed the proper means of expression and its own methodology. The main thesis of this paper is that a specific character of the composition activity of an architect is determined by the modelling methods. As the research on architectural modelling, the two methods of creating spatial architectural forms (cardboard model and computer model) have been compared. Research has been done on the basis of the same exercise for both media. The process of creation proceeded in the same way, too. As the start point students have found the inspiration. Each student presented photos of existing architectural objects and a text, which explained the reasons of the choice. Next steps were sketches of the idea and realisation of the model. The achieved results of creative activity fully confirm the thesis of the research.
keywords	Architecture, Local values, Globalisation, Computer Aided Architectural Design
series	AVOCAAD
email
last changed	2006/01/16 21:38

_id	ddss2004_ra-161
id	ddss2004_ra-161
authors	Bandini, S., S. Manzoni, and G. Vizzari
year	2004
title	Crowd Modeling and Simulation
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) Recent Advances in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN: 1-4020-2408-8, p. 161-175
summary	The paper introduces a Multi Agent Systems (MAS) approach to crowd modelling and simulation, based on the Situated Cellular Agents (SCA) model. This is a special class of Multilayered Multi Agent Situated System (MMASS), exploiting basic elements of Cellular Automata. In particular SCA model provides an explicit spatial representation and the definition of adjacency geometries, but also a concept of autonomous agent, provided with an internal architecture, an individual state and behaviour. The latter provides different means of space-mediated interaction among agents: synchronous, between adjacent agents, and asynchronous among at-a-distance entities. Heterogeneous entities may be modelled through the specification of different agent types, defining different behaviours and perceptive capabilities. After a brief description of the model, its application to simple crowd behaviours will be given, and an application providing the integration of a bidimensional simulator based on this model and a 3D modelling application (3D Studio) will also be described. The adoption of this kind of system allows the specification and simulation of an architectural design with reference to the behaviour of entities that will act in it. The system is also able to easily produce a realistic visualization of the simulation, in order to facilitate the evaluation of the design and the communication with involved decision-makers. In fact, while experts often require only abstract and analytical results deriving from a quantitative analysis of simulation results, other people involved in the decision-making process related to the design may be helped by qualitative aspects better represented by other forms of graphical visualization.
keywords	Multi-Agent Systems, 3D modelling, Simulation
series	DDSS
last changed	2004/07/03 22:13

_id	eaea2003_21-ws-bartik
id	eaea2003_21-ws-bartik
authors	Bartik, R.
year	2004
title	The Model of the Town Hradec Kralove 2000
source	Spatial Simulation and Evaluation - New Tools in Architectural and Urban Design [Proceedings of the 6th European Architectural Endoscopy Association Conference / ISBN 80-227-2088-7], pp. 103-105
summary	The work on this model is a unique case not only with regard to its extent but predominantly to the implementation of the most up-to-date model production technologies developed on the basis of research activities in the Institute of Model Design, Faculty of Architecture, Czech Technical University in Prague. The construction of the 2000 HK model was ordered on the basis of tender by the Municipality Office of Hradec Králové – Department of the Architect on occasion of the 775th anniversary of the town’s foundation.
series	EAEA
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/eaea
last changed	2005/09/09 10:43

_id	ddss2004_ra-33
id	ddss2004_ra-33
authors	Diappi, L., P. Bolchim, and M. Buscema
year	2004
title	Improved Understanding of Urban Sprawl Using Neural Networks
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) Recent Advances in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN: 14020-2408-8, p. 33-49
summary	It is widely accepted that the spatial pattern of settlements is a crucial factor affecting quality of life and environmental sustainability, but few recent studies have attempted to examine the phenomenon of sprawl by modelling the process rather than adopting a descriptive approach. The issue was partly addressed by models of land use and transportation which were mainly developed in the UK and US in the 1970s and 1980s, but the major advances were made in the area of modelling transportation, while very little was achieved in the area of spatial and temporal land use. Models of land use and transportation are well-established tools, based on explicit, exogenouslyformulated rules within a theoretical framework. The new approaches of artificial intelligence, and in particular, systems involving parallel processing, (Neural Networks, Cellular Automata and Multi-Agent Systems) defined by the expression “Neurocomputing”, allow problems to be approached in the reverse, bottom-up, direction by discovering rules, relationships and scenarios from a database. In this article we examine the hypothesis that territorial micro-transformations occur according to a local logic, i.e. according to use, accessibility, the presence of services and conditions of centrality, periphericity or isolation of each territorial “cell” relative to its surroundings. The prediction capabilities of different architectures of supervised Neural networks are implemented to the south Metropolitan area of Milan at two different temporal thresholds and discussed. Starting from data on land use in 1980 and 1994 and by subdividing the area into square cells on an orthogonal grid, the model produces a spatial and functional map of urbanisation in 2008. An implementation of the SOM (Self Organizing Map) processing to the Data Base allows the typologies of transformation to be identified, i.e. the classes of area which are transformed in the same way and which give rise to territorial morphologies; this is an interesting by-product of the approach.
keywords	Neural Networks, Self-Organizing Maps, Land-Use Dynamics, Supervised Networks
series	DDSS
last changed	2004/07/03 22:13

_id	2004_435
id	2004_435
authors	Jemtrud, Michael
year	2004
title	Between Mediation and Making CIMSp: A Technoètic Modus Operandi
source	Architecture in the Network Society [22nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-2-4] Copenhagen (Denmark) 15-18 September 2004, pp. 435-442
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2004.435
summary	The following paper describes an ongoing research project whose goal is to define a scalable, hybrid production and deployment protocol (CIMSp) for the creation of virtual environments (VE). Ultimately, the aim is to establish a creative workflow and infrastructure that embodies architectural and urban design activity as practiced by the research unit. The objective of the present paper is to schematically outline the current state of the research and its practical and theoretical context for further development. A theoretical position will be stated which assumes that the content, tool, epistemological, and speculative realms are consubstantial (technoèsis). The practical endeavour is to create the informational and embodied temporal--spatial condition of possibility for the imaginative production of cultural artifacts. It must accommodate varying individual and collaborative forms and styles of making and no presumption of a self-enclosed and referential system is made. A critical position is particularly compelling when this production is immersed in technological modalities of making where information and embodiment are inextricably intertwined. CIMSp is based on the workflow from acquisition and creation to output and storage. The work environment is comprised of a select set of software applications and visualization technologies. Secondly, an XML-based content and information management system is under construction to ensure project quality control, rigorous documentation practices, and bi-directional knowledge feedback procedures to enable an effective and resource-full workflow. Lastly, scalability of output modalities for use in the design process and for final presentation from WWW deployment to a high-resolution collaborative work environment (CWE) is being developed. The protocol is a multiuser mode of creation and production that aims to transform the technologies and their interrelation, thus dramatically impacting the creative process and intended content. It is a digital production workflow that embodies intensive visualization criteria demanded by the end users. The theoretical and practical intention of CIMSp is to provisionally structure the collaborative creative process and enable a choreographed movement between the realms of the technologically mediated and made in the pursuit of significant digital content creation.
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	acadia03_040
id	acadia03_040
authors	Katherine A. Liapi, Katherine A. and Kim, Jinman
year	2003
title	A Parametric Approach to the Design of a Tensegrity Vaulted Dome for an Ephemeral Structure for the 2004 Olympics
source	Connecting >> Crossroads of Digital Discourse [Proceedings of the 2003 Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design In Architecture / ISBN 1-880250-12-8] Indianapolis (Indiana) 24-27 October 2003, pp. 301-309
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2003.301
summary	Tensegrity, defined as “tensional integrity,” is central to the design of a semi-open exhibition space that was submitted as an entry to the international competition for the design of “Ephemeral Structures for the City of Athens,” in the context of the 2004 Olympic Games. The main feature of the proposed exhibition space is a vaulted dome composed of interconnected detachable and deployable tensegrity units. The most challenging aspect in the design of the tensegrity vault was the generation of alternative spatial configurations for form exploration and study. For this purpose a mathematical code has been developed that links all the parameters that affect the design of tensegrity vaults. The code also allows for the parametric graphical generation of the vault by displaying geometric information in a 3D environment. This paper discusses the geometric basis of the code and its usefulness in the morphological study of the tensegrity vaulted dome for the proposed ephemeral structure. The mathematical code has been shown to significantly facilitate the study of various preliminary configurations of tensegrity vaulted structures.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	ddss2004_d-157
id	ddss2004_d-157
authors	Krafta, R.
year	2004
title	Space is the Machine, with a Ghost Inside
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) Developments in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Eindhoven: Eindhoven University of Technology, ISBN 90-6814-155-4, p. 157-173
summary	The purpose of this paper is to report efforts towards the construction of a model for urban spatial dynamics simulation, based on multi-agents and space. The underlying idea is to have urban space producers and consumers operating in a two-layer, two-circuit model. The first layer holds urban space and its successive transformations; a second layer contains agents related to space; the first circuit simulates space production, and a second one simulates space consumption. Relationship between layers is represented as objective spatial features that agents are submitted to (the machine) and subjective meanings agents attach to each spatial feature (the ghost). While space works always in the same way, meanings vary according to each agent’s background and context. Relationships between circuits are represented by means of a market game in which producers try to maximize their profits by gambling with their risks, whereas consumers try to foresee the spatial distribution of local externalities that maximizes their utilities and investments. Urban Spatial Features are captured through centrality and land use patterns; every single agent’s action leads to changes in both patterns. Producers’ profit is a function of built form location. Consumers’ local externalities are concerned basically with present and future services. The model iteration is twofold: first it generates and allocates a number of built forms within a previously determined spatial system (a cellular matrix, for example), and second it allocates users to built forms. Population of users have its social profile and growth rate externally determined. Built form allocation is decided on the basis of a combination of profitXrisk perspectives. Users’ locational choice is supported by accessibility to services and present/future neighbourhood profile. Built form allocation works as parameter for users’ locational assessment, whereas users’ choices are used as parameters for developers. The model tends to adjust itself, in terms of quantities and types of built forms to be erected, although through a market lag of some iterations. Allocations are always made through weighted draws, so that mutations (non deterministic allocations) do occur.
keywords	Urban Morphology, Urban Growth, Simulation
series	DDSS
last changed	2004/07/03 22:13

_id	acadia04_100
id	acadia04_100
authors	Liapi, Katherine
year	2004
title	A computer Based System for the Design and Fabrication of Tensegrity Structures
source	Fabrication: Examining the Digital Practice of Architecture [Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture and the 2004 Conference of the AIA Technology in Architectural Practice Knowledge Community / ISBN 0-9696665-2-7] Cambridge (Ontario) 8-14 November, 2004, 100-109
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2004.100
summary	Tensegrity structures are composed of tension compression components, where the compression components (bars) are discontinuously enclosed within continuous tensile components (cables). From an engineering point of view, a tensegrity structure is characterized by geometric non-linearity and large displacements under loading. Therefore, its prestressed shape and deformation under loading are the result of the combined effect of the geometric parameters that determine the initial configuration of the structure, the level of prestress applied to cables, and the material properties of the component members of the structure. A method for generating the initial geometric configuration of tensegrity structures composed of tensegrity units and a parametric expression of this geometry have already been developed. A novel technology that makes possible the construction of tensegrity structures from the on-site assembly of deployable tensegrity units, which are furnished with a simple mechanism that permits bar-elongation, and, as a result, an increase of the prestress applied to the cables of each unit, is also under development. Also under development is a static analysis method that takes into account the above method for prestressing cables. This paper discusses the features of a system that supports the combined geometric and structural design of tensegrity structures, and integrates a graphical interface to display: a) models of initial geometry, b) geometry of the structure after prestress and loading are applied, and c) magnitude of forces applied to the structure’s component members (bars and cables). The system also provides numerical data to be used in component fabrication, and is therefore expected to become a very valuable tool for the design and construction of tensegrity structures.
series	ACADIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	cf2011_p018
id	cf2011_p018
authors	Sokmenoglu, Ahu; Cagdas Gulen, Sariyildiz Sevil
year	2011
title	A Multi-dimensional Exploration of Urban Attributes by Data Mining
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 333-350.
summary	The paper which is proposed here will introduce an ongoing research project aiming to research data mining as a methodology of knowledge discovery in urban feature analysis. To address the increasing multi-dimensional and relational complexity of urban environments requires a multidisciplinary approach to urban analysis. This research is an attempt to establish a link between knowledge discovery methodologies and automated urban feature analysis. Therefore, in the scope of this research we apply data mining methodologies for urban analysis. Data mining is defined as to extract important patterns and trends from raw data (Witten and Frank, 2005). When applied to discover relationships between urban attributes, data mining can constitute a methodology for the analysis of multi-dimensional relational complexity of urban environments (Gil, Montenegro, Beirao and Duarte, 2009) The theoretical motivation of the research is derived by the lack of explanatory urban knowledge which is an issue since 1970‚Äôs in the area of urban research. This situation is mostly associated with deductive methods of analysis. The analysis of urban system from the perspective of few interrelated factors, without considering the multi-dimensionality of the system in a deductive fashion was not been explanatory enough. (Jacobs, 1961, Lefebvre, 1970 Harvey, 1973) To address the multi-dimensional and relational complexity of urban environments requires the consideration of diverse spatial, social, economic, cultural, morphological, environmental, political etc. features of urban entities. The main claim is that, in urban analysis, there is a need to advance from traditional one dimensional (Marshall, 2004) description and classification of urban forms (e.g. Land-use maps, Density maps) to the consideration of the simultaneous multi-dimensionality of urban systems. For this purpose, this research proposes a methodology consisting of the application of data mining as a knowledge discovery method into a GIS based conceptual urban database built out of official real data of Beyoglu. Generally, the proposed methodology is a framework for representing and analyzing urban entities represented as objects with properties (attributes). It concerns the formulation of an urban entity‚Äôs database based on both available and non-available (constructed from available data) data, and then data mining of spatial and non-spatial attributes of the urban entities. Location or position is the primary reference basis for the data that is describing urban entities. Urban entities are; building floors, buildings, building blocks, streets, geographically defined districts and neighborhoods etc. Urban attributes are district properties of locations (such as land-use, land value, slope, view and so forth) that change from one location to another. Every basic urban entity is unique in terms of its attributes. All the available qualitative and quantitative attributes that is relavant (in the mind of the analyst) and appropriate for encoding, can be coded inside the computer representation of the basic urban entity. Our methodology is applied by using the real and official, the most complex, complete and up-to-dataset of Beyoglu (a historical neighborhood of Istanbul) that is provided by the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (IBB). Basically, in our research, data mining in the context of urban data is introduced as a computer based, data-driven, context-specific approach for supporting analysis of urban systems without relying on any existing theories. Data mining in the context of urban data; ‚Ä¢ Can help in the design process by providing site-specific insight through deeper understanding of urban data. ‚Ä¢ Can produce results that can assist architects and urban planners at design, policy and strategy levels. ‚Ä¢ Can constitute a robust scientific base for rule definition in urban simulation applications such as urban growth prediction systems, land-use simulation models etc. In the paper, firstly we will present the framework of our research with an emphasis on its theoretical background. Afterwards we will introduce our methodology in detail and finally we will present some of important results of data mining analysis processed in Rapid Miner open-source software. Specifically, our research define a general framework for knowledge discovery in urban feature analysis and enable the usage of GIS and data mining as complementary applications in urban feature analysis. Acknowledgments I would like to thank to Nuffic, the Netherlands Organization for International Cooperation in Higher Education, for funding of this research. I would like to thank Ceyhun Burak Akgul for his support in Data Mining and to H. Serdar Kaya for his support in GIS.
keywords	urban feature analysis, data mining, urban database, urban complexity, GIS
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	acadia04_046
id	acadia04_046
authors	Timberlake, James
year	2004
title	SmartWrap Pavilion
source	Fabrication: Examining the Digital Practice of Architecture [Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture and the 2004 Conference of the AIA Technology in Architectural Practice Knowledge Community / ISBN 0-9696665-2-7] Cambridge (Ontario) 8-14 November, 2004, 46-49
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2004.046
summary	The combination of new materials and digital design has a transformative potential, providing building products and architecture tailored specifically to the clients’ needs and site requirements. This is the essence of the architecture of mass costumisation or personalised production. How can one demonstrate this physically when in essence the product is significantly ahead of current production capabilities? This was the dilemma faced by architects James Timberlake and Stephen Kieran of KieranTimberlake Associates, when asked to design a pavilion for the Cooper-Hewitt National Design Museum in the autumn of 2003. Their response is the SmartWrap Pavilion. The SmartWrap concept will deliver shelter, climate control, lighting, information display and power with a printed and layered polymer composite. The aluminium-framed pavilion is clad in a printed skin based on a combination of polyester and its derivative polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which was developed with DuPont. The pavilion was designed using a single project model, and all the aluminium extrusions of the frame were barcoded. This coding defined their structural and construction properties.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	312caadria2004
id	312caadria2004
authors	Wan-Ping Gao
year	2004
title	Tectonics? A Case Study for Digital Free-Form Architecture
source	CAADRIA 2004 [Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 89-7141-648-3] Seoul Korea 28-30 April 2004, pp. 519-534
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2004.519
summary	During this information age, spatial form in the field of architecture has advanced to a new level. Digital free-form space is commonly seen as the use of computer media has increased. Computers are used in various stages of this process with regard to form, structure, supplies and planning. Many designs seen now are computer generated and have come about as a result of the development and implementation of new computer software and hardware. Tectonic knowledge representation of construction, which emphasizes structural joints and attention to detail in creativity, displays architectural form by means of poetry of construction. However, present day digital architecture emphasizes dynamic surface, with its three-dimensional curves, and the interior and exterior continuity of its topological spaces. This is all quite different from the spatial form produced by traditional tectonics view, making it impossible to explain these modern designs within the field of traditional architecture. This study uses the FEIDAD Award as a basis for analysis, and attempts to define the phenomena and aspects of digital tectonics. This study reflects the technique and mechanism of the process of digital design production, which, through the use of computers, becomes digital tectonics. Digital free-form architecture can only be understood through digital tectonics.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

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