Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	ddss2004_d-127
id	ddss2004_d-127
authors	Dijkstra, J., H.J.P. Timmermans, and B. de Vries
year	2004
title	Data Requirements for the Amanda Model System
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) Developments in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Eindhoven: Eindhoven University of Technology, ISBN 90-6814-1554, p. 127-139
summary	The Amanda model system uses a multi-agent approach in an attempt to simulate pedestrian dynamic destination and route choice. Data collecting efforts are needed to calibrate the model. This paper discusses these data requirements.
keywords	Multi-Agent Systems, Activity Modelling, Pedestrian Behaviour
series	DDSS
last changed	2004/07/03 22:13

_id	ddss2004_d-111
id	ddss2004_d-111
authors	Kitazawa, K. and M. Batty
year	2004
title	Pedestrian Behaviour Modelling
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) Developments in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Eindhoven: Eindhoven University of Technology, ISBN 90-6814-155-4, p. 111-126
summary	This paper introduces a study of pedestrian behaviour modelling which incorporates ideas about agent-based systems and the traffic models based on the utility-maximization theory. The aim of this study is to examine the applicable scope of one of the basic assumptions in existing spatial behaviour models; the route with shortest distance maximizes the utility of each pedestrian’s travel. Although shortest-path models have been widely used in the field of Traffic management to predict routing behaviour, there can be seen a lot of erratic behaviour in urban areas, shopping migration behaviour for instance, which can not be explained by them. Thus, it is important to identify other possible influential factors on their utility maximization process in order to develop more explicable models of pedestrian movements. In this study, we implemented a simulation model using the shortest-path model as one of evaluation criteria of Genetic Algorithms (GA) to computationally emulate retail movements of shoppers in a big shopping centre and to test the accuracy of the model by comparison between the routes estimated by the model and actual trajectories of shoppers. This simulation system will be used as a platform for further modelling.
keywords	Pedestrian Modelling, Retail Movement, Shortest-Path, Genetic Algorithms
series	DDSS
last changed	2004/07/03 22:13

_id	ddss2006-pb-101
id	DDSS2006-PB-101
authors	Aloys W.J. Borgers, I.M.E. Smeets, A.D.A.M. Kemperman, and H.J.P. Timmermans
year	2006
title	Simulation of Micro Pedestrian Behaviour in Shopping Streets
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Progress in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Eindhoven: Eindhoven University of Technology, ISBN-10: 90-386-1756-9, ISBN-13: 978-90-386-1756-5, p. 101-116
summary	Over the years, scholars have developed various models of pedestrian movement. These models can be used to assess the effects of detailed design decisions or to predict pedestrian behaviour under conditions of crowding. To date, not much attention has been paid to pedestrians' shopping behaviour at the micro level. Therefore, the main purpose of this project is to test a model that aims at simulating micro pedestrian behaviour in shopping streets, including entering shops. The model assumes a detailed network of links to represent the structure of street segments and entrances to the shops. The basic principle underlying the model is that a pedestrian moves from one link in the network to another, adjacent link. In fact, a pedestrian enters a segment at one side, heading for the other side of the segment. However, a pedestrian might enter the segment by leaving a shop as well. Then, the pedestrian might be heading for either side of the segment. While transferring from the current link to the next link, the pedestrian will be attracted by the shops along both sides of the street. The study area is Antwerp's main shopping street. During a one-week workshop in July 2004, students observed pedestrian movement in this shopping street. An inventory of some physical characteristics of the shopping street was made and pedestrians were tracked through two separate segments of the shopping street. In total, 334 pedestrians were tracked. A conventional multinomial logit model is used to simulate pedestrians' micro behaviour. The process of consecutively selecting links continues until the pedestrian has reached one of the terminal links or a shop. The model performs very well. Simulated routes were used to assess the validity of the model. Observed and simulated link loading correspond fairly well, however, the model seems to slightly mispredict the attraction of a number of shops.
keywords	Micro pedestrian behaviour, Shopping street, Simulation
series	DDSS
last changed	2006/08/29 12:55

_id	ddss2004_ra-145
id	ddss2004_ra-145
authors	Devisch, O.T.J., H.J.P. Timmermans, T.A. Arentze, and A.W.J. Borgers
year	2004
title	Towards a Generic MultiAgent Engine for the Simulation of Spatial Behavioural Processes
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) Recent Advances in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN: 1-4020-2408-8, p. 145-160
summary	SwarmCity is being developed as a micro-simulation model, simulating the location-choice behaviour of a population of households, retailers, firms, developers, etc. reacting to an urban plan. The focus of SwarmCity lies –in a first phase- on the decision-making procedures of households, conceptualised as a series of three processes: awakening, search and choice. The methodology used to implement these processes makes use of life-time utility and decisionanalysis trees. The final model should work as a scenario-analysis tool, allowing planners, developers, retailers and municipalities to test interventionproposals, to evaluate legislations, to measure the attractiveness of services, to quantify residential mobility, etc. This paper illustrates the state of the art in household location-choice modelling and introduces a first attempt in developing a conceptual framework.
keywords	Micro Simulation, Multi-Agent Systems, Spatial Simulation Models, Scenario Analysis, Heuristic Decision-Making, Location-Choice Behaviour, DecisionAnalysis Trees, Residential Mobility, Lifetime Utility
series	DDSS
last changed	2004/07/03 22:13

_id	ddss2004_ra-213
id	ddss2004_ra-213
authors	Penn, A., C. Mottram, A. Fatah gen. Schieck, M. Wittkämper, M. Störring, O. Romell, A. Strothmann, and F. Aish
year	2004
title	AUGMENTED REALITY MEETING TABLE: A NOVEL MULTI-USER INTERFACE FOR ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) Recent Advances in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN: 1-4020-2408-8, p. 213-231
summary	Immersive virtual environments have received widespread attention as providing possible replacements for the media and systems that designers traditionally use, as well as, more generally, in providing support for collaborative work. Relatively little attention has been given to date however to the problem of how to merge immersive virtual environments into real world work settings, and so to add to the media at the disposal of the designer and the design team, rather than to replace it. In this paper we report on a research project in which optical see-through augmented reality displays have been developed together with prototype decision support software for architectural and urban design. We suggest that a critical characteristic of multi user augmented reality is its ability to generate visualisations from a first person perspective in which the scale of rendition of the design model follows many of the conventions that designers are used to. Different scales of model appear to allow designers to focus on different aspects of the design under consideration. Augmenting the scene with simulations of pedestrian movement appears to assist both in scale recognition, and in moving from a first person to a third person understanding of the design. This research project is funded by the European Commission IST program (IST-2000-28559).
keywords	Design Collaboration, Tangible Interface, Gesture, Agent Simulation, Augmented Reality
series	DDSS
type	normal paper
last changed	2004/07/03 23:11

_id	503caadria2004
id	503caadria2004
authors	Jin Kook Lee, Hyun-Soo Lee
year	2004
title	HCIS: the Housing Context Inference System Model for Smart Space
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2004.759
source	CAADRIA 2004 [Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 89-7141-648-3] Seoul Korea 28-30 April 2004, pp. 759-776
summary	This research is about the basic methods in making computers understand human behavior in an architectural space in regards to reaction to interaction between the machine and human. Its ultimate objective is to analyze the related technology making this series of works possible synthetically on the basis of information system within architectural territoriality. In the end it is expected to offer a theoretical basis to embody smart space, up-to-date and intelligent architectural space. There are two issues that motivate this research: what are the Housing Context and its Inference System, and how smart space can infer the Housing Context and react with proper response. The Husing Context consists of 1) state of user, 2) state of physical environment, 3) state of computational environment, 4) history of user-environment interaction and 5) architectural territoriality. Especially, spatial information of architectural territoriality is a significant key of HCIS. Spatial divisions and boundaries made of architectural elements or facilities determinate their own micro-territorialities. Ontologies are used to describe the Housing Context predicate. In this paper, we can say that the Housing Context and the Housing Log(history of user-environment interaction, a set of the Housing Context) written by ontologies can be a beneficial model of HCIS. Furthermore, we can develop the Housing Log Databases and its variable applications that have enabled to make simulating and analyzing tool of design, the Augmented Web Presence and the other helpful applications.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	sigradi2004_310
id	sigradi2004_310
authors	Sharad Sharma; James A. Turner
year	2004
title	An object oriented approach to simulating agent-based behavior
source	SIGraDi 2004 - [Proceedings of the 8th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Porte Alegre - Brasil 10-12 november 2004
summary	In this paper, we present an object-oriented approach for simulating agent-based egress behavior. The tool can be used when planners or designers need to assess the implications of their design or planning decisions. The tool is a web-based application that is being developed using standard protocols and technologies such as HTTP, HTML, and Java. It also demonstrates the effect of new building designs by simulating human evacuation behavior and relates the behavior of people. The existing models to describe the behavior of crowds usually deal with macroscopic variables like the average speed or the flow. Our aim is to model crowds as a malleable, moving masses, hoping that a more refined simulation might be achieved by considering each avatars behavior.
keywords	Agent based simulation, Egress behavior
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 10:00

_id	ddss2008-33
id	ddss2008-33
authors	Charlton, James A.; Bob Giddings and Margaret Horne
year	2008
title	A survey of computer software for the urban designprocess
source	H.J.P. Timmermans, B. de Vries (eds.) 2008, Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, ISBN 978-90-6814-173-3, University of Technology Eindhoven, published on CD
summary	Urban design is concerned with the shape, the surface and the physical arrangement of all kinds of urban elements, the basic components that make up the built environment, at the level of buildings, spaces and human activities. It is also concerned with the non-visual aspects of the environment, such as noise, wind and temperature and humidity. The city square is a particular urban element which can take many forms and its geometrical relationships such as maximum dimensions, ratio of width to length and building height to length have been analysed for centuries (Alberti 1475), (Vitruvius 1550), (Sitte 1889), (Corbett 2004). Within the current urban design process there are increasing examples of three dimensional computer representations which allow the user to experience a visual sense of the geometry of city squares in an urban landscape. Computer-aided design and Virtual Reality technologies have recently contributed to this visual assessment, but there have been limited attempts at 3D computer representations which allow the user to experience a greater sense of the urban space. This paper will describe a survey of computer tools which could support a more holistic approach to urban design and which could be used to simulate a number of urban texture and urban quality aspects. It will provide a systematic overview of currently available software that could support the simulation of building density, height, colour and style as well as conditions relating to noise, shading, heat, natural and artificial light. It will describe a methodology for the selection and filtering of appropriate computer applications and offer an initial evaluation of these tools for the analysis and representation of the three-dimensional geometry, urban texture and urban quality of city centre spaces. The paper is structured to include an introduction to the design criteria relating to city centre spaces which underpins this research. Next the systematic review of computer software will be described, and selected tools will undergo initial evaluation. Finally conclusions will be drawn and areas for future research identified.
keywords	Urban design, Software identification, 3D modelling, Pedestrian modelling, Wind modelling, Noise mapping, Thermal comfort, VR Engine
series	DDSS
last changed	2008/09/01 17:06

_id	ddss2008-08
id	ddss2008-08
authors	Koshak, Nabeel A.; Abdullah Fouda
year	2008
title	Analyzing Pedestrian Movement in Mataf Using GPSand GIS to Support Space Redesign
source	H.J.P. Timmermans, B. de Vries (eds.) 2008, Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, ISBN 978-90-6814-173-3, University of Technology Eindhoven, published on CD
summary	Evaluating the use of architectural and urban spaces is an important issue for architects and urban designers who wish to enhance space usability. Space usability is crucial in crowded spaces such as Mataf areas. Millions of people come to the city of Makkah, Saudi Arabia every year to perform Hajj (Islamic Pilgrimage) and Umrah. A cornerstone of Hajj and Umrah spirituals is to perform Tawaf, which is the circumambulation of the Ka'bah in the center of the Holy Mosque in Makkah. The areas of performing Tawaf (called Mataf) become very crowded during Hajj and the last ten days of Ramadan. This paper demonstrates how we utilized Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to analyze pedestrian movement while performing Tawaf. During the Hajj of 1424 H (2004 in the Georgian Calendar), several GPS devices were used to collect pedestrian movement coordinates at specific time intervals. Computer software for tracking analysis is used to visualize and analyze the pattern of pedestrian movement in Tawaf. The software allows users to view temporal data, which can be set up with past time windows for historical data analysis. The findings of this research show levels of service and flow rates throughout different zones and times of Mataf. They indicate the most critical zones and times for Tawaf during Hajj. They also visually demonstrate the track pattern of pedestrian movement at different locations in the Tawaf area. The paper concludes with some redesign recommendations to remove obstacles and facilitate pedestrian movement in Tawaf. The approach described in this paper can be implemented in architectural and urban design space modifications to improve pedestrian movement in open spaces.
keywords	Pedestrian movement analysis, GPS, GIS, Hajj, Makkah, Tawaf
series	DDSS
last changed	2008/09/01 17:06

_id	eaea2003_13-bartik
id	eaea2003_13-bartik
authors	Bartik, R.
year	2004
title	Materials and Technologies Utilized in Creation of Architectural Models
source	Spatial Simulation and Evaluation - New Tools in Architectural and Urban Design [Proceedings of the 6th European Architectural Endoscopy Association Conference / ISBN 80-227-2088-7], pp. 59-64
summary	The preliminary consideration of criteria directly influencing the choice of technology and material is always essential for the expression of the architect’s or investor’s images.
series	EAEA
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/eaea
last changed	2005/09/09 10:43

_id	sigradi2004_162
id	sigradi2004_162
authors	Isabel Amalia Medero Rocha
year	2004
title	A concepção arquitetônica em ambiente computacional, a ferramenta como fator interveniente durante a geração de idéias Paavi-projeto de arquitetura em ambientes virtuais interativos [The Conception of Architecture in a Computational Environment - The Tool as an Intervening Factor during the Generation of Ideas (Paavi- Architectural Project in Interactive Virtual Environments)]
source	SIGraDi 2004 - [Proceedings of the 8th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Porte Alegre - Brasil 10-12 november 2004
summary	This study presents the results obtained as of the teaching of architectural project at a digital workshop using the WEB environment and its graphic and textual interaction tools. Sketches and external and internal 3D modeling of the architectural object formed the corpus of this investigation. The architectural concept phase (generation of ideas) was given pedagogical emphasis, based on a core concept established by conceptual images and to which space, software and formal construction elements are subordinated. The computational tool was seen to become one of the agents in the idea generation process by assisting in the arrangement of the designer.s initial ideas and by establishing project procedures that use computer-based operations. These project procedures reconstruct the object perceived as architectural concept. The central notion in the architectural proposition is the decisive element in the choice and use of the graphic software in the design process, considering its different steps.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:53

_id	ddss2004_d-157
id	ddss2004_d-157
authors	Krafta, R.
year	2004
title	Space is the Machine, with a Ghost Inside
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) Developments in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Eindhoven: Eindhoven University of Technology, ISBN 90-6814-155-4, p. 157-173
summary	The purpose of this paper is to report efforts towards the construction of a model for urban spatial dynamics simulation, based on multi-agents and space. The underlying idea is to have urban space producers and consumers operating in a two-layer, two-circuit model. The first layer holds urban space and its successive transformations; a second layer contains agents related to space; the first circuit simulates space production, and a second one simulates space consumption. Relationship between layers is represented as objective spatial features that agents are submitted to (the machine) and subjective meanings agents attach to each spatial feature (the ghost). While space works always in the same way, meanings vary according to each agent’s background and context. Relationships between circuits are represented by means of a market game in which producers try to maximize their profits by gambling with their risks, whereas consumers try to foresee the spatial distribution of local externalities that maximizes their utilities and investments. Urban Spatial Features are captured through centrality and land use patterns; every single agent’s action leads to changes in both patterns. Producers’ profit is a function of built form location. Consumers’ local externalities are concerned basically with present and future services. The model iteration is twofold: first it generates and allocates a number of built forms within a previously determined spatial system (a cellular matrix, for example), and second it allocates users to built forms. Population of users have its social profile and growth rate externally determined. Built form allocation is decided on the basis of a combination of profitXrisk perspectives. Users’ locational choice is supported by accessibility to services and present/future neighbourhood profile. Built form allocation works as parameter for users’ locational assessment, whereas users’ choices are used as parameters for developers. The model tends to adjust itself, in terms of quantities and types of built forms to be erected, although through a market lag of some iterations. Allocations are always made through weighted draws, so that mutations (non deterministic allocations) do occur.
keywords	Urban Morphology, Urban Growth, Simulation
series	DDSS
last changed	2004/07/03 22:13

_id	eaea2003_22-ws-schmidt
id	eaea2003_22-ws-schmidt
authors	Schmidt, J.A., Schloemer, N., Matalasov, M. and Matalasov, E.
year	2004
title	The Leonidov Experiment – Virtual Collaboration in Video Computer Simulation
source	Spatial Simulation and Evaluation - New Tools in Architectural and Urban Design [Proceedings of the 6th European Architectural Endoscopy Association Conference / ISBN 80-227-2088-7], pp. 108-112
summary	The 100th anniversary of the Russian architect Ivan Leonidov initiated a Russian-German virtual collaboration to produce a 3d-video computer simulation. The starting point of the collaboration was the choice of a 1926 student project of Ivan Leonidov entitled A Printing House of the Isvestija Newspaper in Moscow. Information about the project was very poor, consisting of a ground plan, an elevation, a perspective view as well as historical and new photographs of the urban space as it is today. Additionally, a video of the existing location was made. From this information a digital 3d-computer model was created. Resulting from the collaboration was a 3d-video computer simulation depicting young Leonidov’s student project as if it really did exist on Moscow’s Pushkin Square.
series	EAEA
email
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/eaea
last changed	2005/09/09 10:43

_id	ddss2004_ra-311
id	ddss2004_ra-311
authors	Tisma, A.
year	2004
title	A NEW COMPUTER SUPPORTED DESIGN TOOL: RASTERPLAN
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) Recent Advances in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN: 1-4020-2408-8, p. 311-324
summary	By developing framework plans on a large scale such as a country or a region, planners use economic prognoses which show future needs for space for new spatial developments expressed in units of surfaces. Planners and designers make drawings and sketches to show where those new areas will be situated, but they do not really measure the surfaces of spaces they created. This often leads to incorrect images which can be wrongly understood by actors in decision making. To avoid this problem the Netherlands Institute for Spatial Research developed mapmaking software called RasterPlan. The purpose of this tool is to make design decisions quantitatively checkable and transparent. The maps which result from the RasterPlan are precise in geographical positioning and defining the surfaces of designed areas. RasterPlan allows realization of a quantitative program for future spatial needs for various functions such as housing, green and water areas working, and recreation. In addition to quantitative calculations, qualitative criteria for location choice can be also expressed in a form of suitability maps or buffers. This paper presents an experimental implementation of RasterPlan for the design of the future development of the Province North Brabant.
keywords	Map Making, Computational Tools, Interactive Decision Making
series	DDSS
type	normal paper
last changed	2004/07/03 23:28

_id	ddss2004_d-63
id	ddss2004_d-63
authors	Wen, K.-C. and W.-L. Chen
year	2004
title	Applying Genetic Algorithms to Establish Disaster Decision Support System for Flooding Evacuation Path of Hsichih Area in Taiwan
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) Developments in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Eindhoven: Eindhoven University of Technology, ISBN 90-6814-155-4, p. 63-75
summary	Because of the special geography features and subtropics weather in Taiwan, we need to provide correct information to help people making decision when they are in disaster. So the disaster decision support system must offer proper information of evacuation path to people. This research has shown the difficulties associated with the GIS and the flooding evacuation path search through the huge searching space generated during the network analysis process. This research also presents an approach to these problems by utilizing a search process whose concept is derived from natural genetics. Genetic algorithms (GAs) have been introduced in the optimization problem solving area by Holland (1975) and Goldberg (1989) and have shown their usefulness through numerous applications. We apply GA and GIS to choice flooding evacuation path in metropolitan area in this study. We take the region of Shiji city in Taiwan for case. Firstly, we establish the node relationship of GA calculation, the level of the weight is the standard of the date that is exported by Disaster Database. Secondly, we apply GA to calculate different evacuation path in different time series. Finally, we build the model of choosing flooding evacuation path.
keywords	Genetic Algorithms, Decision Support System, GIS, Evacuation Path
series	DDSS
last changed	2004/07/03 22:13

_id	513caadria2004
id	513caadria2004
authors	Jaeho Ryu, Naoki Hashimoto, Shoichi Hasegawa, Makoto Sato
year	2004
title	Multi-Projection Display System D-Vision for Architectural Design Evaluation
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2004.901
source	CAADRIA 2004 [Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 89-7141-648-3] Seoul Korea 28-30 April 2004, pp. 901-910
summary	This is a paper about the introduction of architectural design evaluation application and pre-experience system of walkthrough situation in urban and street design. For this purpose, we developed a new multi-projection display system, D-vision, which has hybrid screens. D-vision is a kind of new virtual environment system that has high immersion and high resolution display performance with multi-modal interfaces. In our system, the user can experience the high sense of presence through the self-walking behavior to move and force feedback manipulation of objects with the high-resolution image created from the tiled-projection system that is composed of twentyfour projectors.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	509caadria2004
id	509caadria2004
authors	Jaewook Lee, Yongwook Jeong, Seung Wook Kim, Yehuda E. Kalay
year	2004
title	Intelligent Behavior Control of 3D Objects in Virtual Environments
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2004.845
source	CAADRIA 2004 [Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 89-7141-648-3] Seoul Korea 28-30 April 2004, pp. 845-856
summary	Cyberspace is more malleable than a physical environment, so it can afford much wider range of responsiveness. By applying the concept of place-making, we are experimenting virtual environments which are responsive to their users’ context-specific needs. Since objects are essential components that anchor the users’ various activities, having interactive objects in a 3D virtual environment is a major design concern for developing a dynamic and experience-rich virtual environment. We propose a layered agent model for intelligent behavior control of 3D objects, based on constraint solving process.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	caadria2004_k-1
id	caadria2004_k-1
authors	Kalay, Yehuda E.
year	2004
title	CONTEXTUALIZATION AND EMBODIMENT IN CYBERSPACE
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2004.005
source	CAADRIA 2004 [Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 89-7141-648-3] Seoul Korea 28-30 April 2004, pp. 5-14
summary	The introduction of VRML (Virtual Reality Markup Language) in 1994, and other similar web-enabled dynamic modeling software (such as SGI’s Open Inventor and WebSpace), have created a rush to develop on-line 3D virtual environments, with purposes ranging from art, to entertainment, to shopping, to culture and education. Some developers took their cues from the science fiction literature of Gibson (1984), Stephenson (1992), and others. Many were web-extensions to single-player video games. But most were created as a direct extension to our new-found ability to digitally model 3D spaces and to endow them with interactive control and pseudo-inhabitation. Surprisingly, this technologically-driven stampede paid little attention to the core principles of place-making and presence, derived from architecture and cognitive science, respectively: two principles that could and should inform the essence of the virtual place experience and help steer its development. Why are the principles of place-making and presence important for the development of virtual environments? Why not simply be content with our ability to create realistically-looking 3D worlds that we can visit remotely? What could we possibly learn about making these worlds better, had we understood the essence of place and presence? To answer these questions we cannot look at place-making (both physical and virtual) from a 3D space-making point of view alone, because places are not an end unto themselves. Rather, places must be considered a locus of contextualization and embodiment that ground human activities and give them meaning. In doing so, places acquire a meaning of their own, which facilitates, improves, and enriches many aspects of our lives. They provide us with a means to interpret the activities of others and to direct our own actions. Such meaning is comprised of the social and cultural conceptions and behaviors imprinted on the environment by the presence and activities of its inhabitants, who in turn, ‘read’ by them through their own corporeal embodiment of the same environment. This transactional relationship between the physical aspects of an environment, its social/cultural context, and our own embodiment of it, combine to create what is known as a sense of place: the psychological, physical, social, and cultural framework that helps us interpret the world around us, and directs our own behavior in it. In turn, it is our own (as well as others’) presence in that environment that gives it meaning, and shapes its social/cultural character. By understanding the essence of place-ness in general, and in cyberspace in particular, we can create virtual places that can better support Internet-based activities, and make them equal to, in some cases even better than their physical counterparts. One of the activities that stands to benefit most from understanding the concept of cyber-places is learning—an interpersonal activity that requires the co-presence of others (a teacher and/or fellow learners), who can point out the difference between what matters and what does not, and produce an emotional involvement that helps students learn. Thus, while many administrators and educators rush to develop webbased remote learning sites, to leverage the economic advantages of one-tomany learning modalities, these sites deprive learners of the contextualization and embodiment inherent in brick-and-mortar learning institutions, and which are needed to support the activity of learning. Can these qualities be achieved in virtual learning environments? If so, how? These are some of the questions this talk will try to answer by presenting a virtual place-making methodology and its experimental implementation, intended to create a sense of place through contextualization and embodiment in virtual learning environments.
series	CAADRIA
type	normal paper
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	ecaade2010_054
id	ecaade2010_054
authors	Wurzer, Gabriel; Fioravanti, Antonio; Loffreda, Gianluigi; Trento, Armando
year	2010
title	Function & Action: Verifying a functional program in a game-oriented environment
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2010.389
source	FUTURE CITIES [28th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-9-6] ETH Zurich (Switzerland) 15-18 September 2010, pp.389-394
summary	The finding of a functional program for any kind of building involves a great amount of knowledge about the behavior of future building users. This knowledge can be gathered by looking at relevant building literature (Adler, 1999; Neufert and Neufert, 2000) or by investigating the actual processes taking place in similar environments, the latter being demonstrated e.g. by (Schütte-Lihotzky, 2004) or new functionalist approaches of the MVRDV group (Costanzo, 2006)). Both techniques have the disadvantage that the architect might assume a behavior which is seldom experienced in real life (either through lack of information or by failing to meet the building user’s expectations). What is needed is a verification step in which the design is tested on real users. We have devised a game-like environment (Figure 1a) in which it is possible to capture the behavior of future building users in order to verify the relevance of the design even at a very early stage. As result of applying our approach, we can find previously overlooked usage situations, which may be used to further adapt the design to the user’s needs.
wos	WOS:000340629400041
keywords	Requirements checking; Participative design
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	sigradi2004_175
id	sigradi2004_175
authors	Diana Rodríguez Barros
year	2004
title	Modelos urbanos virtuales y lecturas hipermediales [Virtual Urban Models and Hypermedia Readings]
source	SIGraDi 2004 - [Proceedings of the 8th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Porte Alegre - Brasil 10-12 november 2004
summary	The urban virtual models are complex environments where interactive modelization and visualization systems have developed high advances, making possible they applications in many different purposes, by expert and non-expert users. Is interesting, in hypermedial reading, to recognise and to evaluate the advantages and obstacles to examine a 2D-3D-4D-5D model. In that direction is presented an exploratory study of preexperimental design, in which is investigated the impacts and influences in non-expert users, that the presence and use of interactive strategies of navigation, selection and manipulation, produces in the results and affects the attitudes with regard to the possibilities of understanding and integration of information and in the confusion and cognitive overflow. The objective is to contribute in the definition and systematization of methodologys and design patterns about interfaces and interactions in three-dimensional hypermedia, from theoretical, operating and pedagogical approach.
keywords	Hypermedial / virtual model /interaction/ interface / exploratory study
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:50

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