Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	0131
id	0131
authors	Chiarella, Mauro
year	2004
title	GEOMETRY AND ARCHITECTURE: NURBS, DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
source	Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference of Mathematics & Design, Special Edition of the Journal of Mathematics & Design, Volume 4, No.1, pp. 135-139.
summary	Geometry regarded as a tool for understanding is perhaps the part of Mathematics which is the most intuitive, concrete and linked to reality. From its roots as a tool to describe and measure shapes, geometry as ‘the space science’ , has grown towards a theory of ideas and methods by means of which it is possible to build and study idealised models, not only from the physical world but also from the real world. In graphic architecture thought, geometry usually appears as an instrumental support for project speculation. Geometric procedures are presented as representational resources for the graphic testing of reflection and for the exposition of ideas in order to build a logical order as regards representation and formal prefiguration. The fast rise of computing in the last decades has made it possible for architects to work massively and in a graphic and intuitive way with mathematical representations of tridimensional geometry, such as the NURBS . These organic surfaces of free shapes defined by vectorial curves have allowed access to a rapid generation of complex shapes with a minumum amount of data and of specific knowledge. The great development of modelling achieved by the digital media and the limitations in the technical and building areas and in the existence of materials which are coherent with the resultant shapes reveal a considerable distance between the systems of ideation and simulation characteristic of the computing era and the analogous systems of production inherited from the slow industrial development. This distance has been shortened by CAD/CAM systems, which are, however, not very accessible to the architectural field. If we incorporate to the development of these divergent media the limitations which are distinctive of the material resources and procedures of the existent local technology, the aforementioned distance seems even greater. Assuming the metaphor of living at the threshold of two ages (industrial-computing, analogical-digital, material-virtual) and the challenge of the new conceptual and operational tools in our field, we work in the mixture, with no exclusions or substitutions, proposing (by means of the development of informational complements) some alternatives of work to approach the issue under discussion from the Architecture Workshop.
keywords	Geometry, Design, NURBS, Unfolding, Pedagogy
series	other
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2005/04/07 12:51

_id	ijac20032106
id	ijac20032106
authors	Schmitt, Gerhard
year	2004
title	The Impact of Computer Aided Architectural Design on Physical Reality
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 2 - no. 1
summary	Computer Aided Architectural Design (CAAD) has produced three types and three generations of CAAD researchers, teachers and practitioners. The three types - CAAD inventors, implementers and users - benefit from the constantly improving computer technology. The three generations - CAAD pioneers, trendsetters and educators are in a more difficult situation as the attitude towards, and the knowledge about, Computer Aided Architectural Design in the general public and in the professional community is unstable. To explore the impact of CAAD on physical reality and to discover future challenges, it is useful to look at the pioneers of CAAD, as they often combine in one person the characteristics of the development that occurred afterwards. Tom Maver is one of the premier examples. The paper presents thoughts on CAAD teaching and research and contrasts them with the professional reality at ETH, in order to explore the impact of CAAD on the physical reality.
series	journal
email
more	http://www.multi-science.co.uk/ijac.htm
last changed	2007/03/04 07:08

_id	sigradi2004_104
id	sigradi2004_104
authors	Tamara Tania Cohen Egler; Gabriela Santa Cruz Neves
year	2004
title	Arquitetura e urbanismo na sociedade do conhecimento [Architecture and Urbanism in the Knowledge Society]
source	SIGraDi 2004 - [Proceedings of the 8th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Porte Alegre - Brasil 10-12 november 2004
summary	The purpose of the present study is to examine the future of teaching of architecture and urbanism given to the knowledge-society that asks for changes and demands reflex ion over the possibilities of a new pedagogy to create new possibilities of social inclusion in knowledge over spatial processes. The present study proposes to examine the specifics of new technologies, the transformations of the pedagogic order into new forms of decoupages of objects of knowledge of production of contents of learning, of availability of knowledge and of the democratization of accessibility. The debate over the transformation of information in knowledge by the utilization of digital techniques is open and we find positions in favor and against. Teaching by technological methods is a reality that must be established with intensity in the future, given production costs and the potentiality of education for all, the challenge is to establish new channels of dialogue between the university and the society.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 10:01

_id	acadia08_072
id	acadia08_072
authors	Frumar, Jerome
year	2008
title	An Energy Centric Approach to Architecture: Abstracting the material to co-rationalize design and performance
source	Silicon + Skin: Biological Processes and Computation, [Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) / ISBN 978-0-9789463-4-0] Minneapolis 16-19 October 2008, 72-81
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2008.072
summary	This paper begins by exploring matter as an aggregated system of energy transactions and modulations. With this in mind, it examines the notion of energy driven form finding as a design methodology that can simultaneously negotiate physical, environmental and fabrication considerations. The digital workspace enables this notion of form finding to re-establish itself in the world of architecture through a range of analytic tools that algorithmically encode real world physics. Simulating the spatial and energetic characteristics of reality enables virtual “form generation models that recognize the laws of physics and are able to create ‘minimum’ surfaces for compression, bending [and] tension” (Cook 2004). The language of energy, common in engineering and materials science, enables a renewed trans-disciplinary dialogue that addresses significant historic disjunctions such as the professional divide between architects and engineers. Design becomes a science of exploring abstracted energy states to discover a suitable resonance with which to tune the built environment. ¶ A case study of one particular method of energy driven form finding is presented. Bi-directional Evolutionary Structural Optimization (BESO) is a generative engineering technique developed at RMIT University. It appropriates natural growth strategies to determine optimum forms that respond to structural criteria by reorganizing their topology. This dynamic topology response enables structural optimization to become an integrated component of design exploration. A sequence of investigations illustrates the flexibility and trans-disciplinary benefits of this approach. Using BESO as a tool for design rather than purely for structural optimization fuses the creative approach of the architect with the pragmatic approach of the engineer, enabling outcomes that neither profession could develop in isolation. The BESO case study alludes to future design processes that will facilitate a coherent unfolding of design logic comparable to morphogenesis.
keywords	Energy; Form-Finding; Morphogenesis; Optimization; Structure
series	ACADIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	2004_426
id	2004_426
authors	Carrara, Gianfranco and Fioravanti, Antonio
year	2004
title	How to Construct an Audience in Collaborative Design - The Relationship Among which Actors in the Design Process
source	Architecture in the Network Society [22nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-2-4] Copenhagen (Denmark) 15-18 September 2004, pp. 426-434
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2004.426
summary	The features of complexity in architectural design have now been clarified. Complexity, intrinsic in architectural work, has increased in recent years as in all other fields of human endeavour – social, economic and cultural. In the specific case of architectural design, the most significant factors in this regard consist of the large number of actors, the numerous disciplines involved, technological innovation, regulations and rules governing the design process and the various different design aims. In order to address this complex of problems, long-term research based on the Collaborative Design paradigm, CD, is now being carried out. In it, thanks to the reciprocal exchange of information, the complementary nature of the knowledge possessed by the various actors, and the contemporary nature of the design action by the various actors on the same components, positive effects are exerted on the design as a whole. The latter thus gains in coherence and in improved integration among the design solutions proposed by the various actors. In CD all the actors are involved from the outset of the design work and are helped by distributed Knowledge Bases (KBs) and Intelligent Assistants (IAs). In this case it may happen that information and knowledge automatically exchanged among KBs (through the IAs) are excessive and/or not addressed to the right actors. How can information redundancy be avoided, and how can the flow of information sent over the network be controlled? The present paper introduces and defines the concept of „Audience“, that is, the group of actors to which it is permitted to send information concerning non respected requirements and the „reduced Audience“ to which to send the knowledge needed to overcome the difficulties encountered.
keywords	Collaborative Architectural Design, Complexity, Intelligent Assistant, Context, Audience
series	eCAADe
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	2004_418
id	2004_418
authors	Gilles, H., Damien, H., Benoît, O. and Bignon, J.-C.
year	2004
title	A Scenario Approach to Validate and Demonstrate the Tool Usefulness in Cooperative Design
source	Architecture in the Network Society [22nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-2-4] Copenhagen (Denmark) 15-18 September 2004, pp. 418-425
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2004.418
summary	The social and economic context of architectural co-operative projects does not support the experimentations with dedicated tools. Therefore, we chose to achieve functional validations and operations of communication about tools usefulness with the use of scenarios. The scenario techniques are usually used in computer science to capture user’s needs and to validate software specifications. After having analyzed the different contexts of scenario usage in computer science, we characterize the specific context of the use of tools in cooperative activities. Then, we report some experiences of functional validation, of tool demonstration and of usefulness validation based on the use of scenarios. We explain in each experience the objectives and their implication in the scenario definition.
keywords	Scenario, Experimentation, Cooperation, Collaborative Tools
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ijac20032107
id	ijac20032107
authors	Halin, Gilles; Hanser, Damien; Bignon, Jean-Claude
year	2004
title	User Adaptive Visualization of Cooperative Architectural Design
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 2 - no. 1
summary	A cooperative design is a social activity inside a group. In this kind of activity, each actor plays a specific role. If each actor wants to realize the actions corresponding to his role, he needs some adaptive information about the cooperation context. The cooperation context of design project is a relational organization where each actor maintains specific relations with other people (designers, project managers, etc.) but also with documents and activities. Such a cooperation context exists in architectural cooperative design which is distinguished by a "mutual prescription" between actors. In architectural design we are in a network model of actors, instead of the hierarchical model that we can find in classical workflow tools. This organization has to be represented in the project management tool to give each user an adaptive vision of the project organization and evolution. The representation and the visualization of such a network, which characterizes each project, is the main objective of the "Relational Model of Cooperation" and the hypermedia view presented in this paper.
series	journal
more	http://www.multi-science.co.uk/ijac.htm
last changed	2007/03/04 07:08

_id	caadria2004_k-1
id	caadria2004_k-1
authors	Kalay, Yehuda E.
year	2004
title	CONTEXTUALIZATION AND EMBODIMENT IN CYBERSPACE
source	CAADRIA 2004 [Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 89-7141-648-3] Seoul Korea 28-30 April 2004, pp. 5-14
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2004.005
summary	The introduction of VRML (Virtual Reality Markup Language) in 1994, and other similar web-enabled dynamic modeling software (such as SGI’s Open Inventor and WebSpace), have created a rush to develop on-line 3D virtual environments, with purposes ranging from art, to entertainment, to shopping, to culture and education. Some developers took their cues from the science fiction literature of Gibson (1984), Stephenson (1992), and others. Many were web-extensions to single-player video games. But most were created as a direct extension to our new-found ability to digitally model 3D spaces and to endow them with interactive control and pseudo-inhabitation. Surprisingly, this technologically-driven stampede paid little attention to the core principles of place-making and presence, derived from architecture and cognitive science, respectively: two principles that could and should inform the essence of the virtual place experience and help steer its development. Why are the principles of place-making and presence important for the development of virtual environments? Why not simply be content with our ability to create realistically-looking 3D worlds that we can visit remotely? What could we possibly learn about making these worlds better, had we understood the essence of place and presence? To answer these questions we cannot look at place-making (both physical and virtual) from a 3D space-making point of view alone, because places are not an end unto themselves. Rather, places must be considered a locus of contextualization and embodiment that ground human activities and give them meaning. In doing so, places acquire a meaning of their own, which facilitates, improves, and enriches many aspects of our lives. They provide us with a means to interpret the activities of others and to direct our own actions. Such meaning is comprised of the social and cultural conceptions and behaviors imprinted on the environment by the presence and activities of its inhabitants, who in turn, ‘read’ by them through their own corporeal embodiment of the same environment. This transactional relationship between the physical aspects of an environment, its social/cultural context, and our own embodiment of it, combine to create what is known as a sense of place: the psychological, physical, social, and cultural framework that helps us interpret the world around us, and directs our own behavior in it. In turn, it is our own (as well as others’) presence in that environment that gives it meaning, and shapes its social/cultural character. By understanding the essence of place-ness in general, and in cyberspace in particular, we can create virtual places that can better support Internet-based activities, and make them equal to, in some cases even better than their physical counterparts. One of the activities that stands to benefit most from understanding the concept of cyber-places is learning—an interpersonal activity that requires the co-presence of others (a teacher and/or fellow learners), who can point out the difference between what matters and what does not, and produce an emotional involvement that helps students learn. Thus, while many administrators and educators rush to develop webbased remote learning sites, to leverage the economic advantages of one-tomany learning modalities, these sites deprive learners of the contextualization and embodiment inherent in brick-and-mortar learning institutions, and which are needed to support the activity of learning. Can these qualities be achieved in virtual learning environments? If so, how? These are some of the questions this talk will try to answer by presenting a virtual place-making methodology and its experimental implementation, intended to create a sense of place through contextualization and embodiment in virtual learning environments.
series	CAADRIA
type	normal paper
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	ijac20042302
id	ijac20042302
authors	Muñoz Patricia L.; Coronel Juan López P.
year	2004
title	Visualizing Intangible Realities in Design
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 2 - no. 3, 315-331
summary	This paper explores an enormous potential of digital media in the area of morphology in industrial design, which goes beyond its extended and widespread possibilities of visualization and materialization. The visualization of the concepts that sustain the identity of our projects, even though they are invisible in finished products, can be explained and made evident through digital media. Intelligible aspects acquire perceptual shapes in order to make its apprehension easier. In this sense, we understand that virtual simulation is an important tool of cognitive mediation.
series	journal
more	http://www.multi-science.co.uk/ijac.htm
last changed	2007/03/04 07:08

_id	ijac20042304
id	ijac20042304
authors	Scaletsky, Celso Carnos
year	2004
title	The Kaléidoscope System to Organize Architectural Design References
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 2 - no. 3, 351-369
summary	The presentation of a new computer-based tool to assist architectural conception demands reflection on the process of creation itself. There is an articulation between typical conceptual procedures and computerized means. We chose one of these procedures: the utilization of external references (not necessarily architectural) to stimulate new design ideas. This is the basis for the experimental computational model "kaléidoscope", which is characterized as an open reference system for architectural design. There are two essential qualities for such a system: 1) The system should permit an individual interpretation and construction of the referential knowledge, considering that 2) references may proceed from fields other than architecture. The computational model begins with a reference, formed by the association of an image to concepts and / or texts. The concepts are graphically represented and organized in thematic thesauri. The "kaléidoscope" system includes several search and navigation modes, allowing access to references as a means to rouse new design ideas.
series	journal
more	http://www.multi-science.co.uk/ijac.htm
last changed	2007/03/04 07:08

_id	ijac20042301
id	ijac20042301
authors	Senagala, Mahesh
year	2004
title	Deconstructing the Software Interface:A Critical Close Reading of AutoCAD
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 2 - no. 3, 299-314
summary	AutoCAD maintains a nearly 70% market share in the PC-based AEC sector and wields enormous influence over design and production processes in architectural firms and schools. Such an impact is, perhaps, more than what a single building can hope to achieve. The design implications of such a market monopoly are many. Based on Derridean operations of Deconstruction, the paper will deconstruct AutoCAD's latent agenda. The paper will do a critical close reading of AutoCAD for its design preferences, spatial conceptions, worldviews, resistances, stratifications and organizational predispositions with respect to architectural design process. For purposes of brevity, this paper will focus on the architecture of AutoCAD's interface. The results of the paper would be the beginning of a critical theory that can be employed in the process of software design for design professions.
series	journal
more	http://www.multi-science.co.uk/ijac.htm
last changed	2007/03/04 07:08

_id	avocaad_2003_10
id	avocaad_2003_10
authors	Sevil Sariyildiz, Ozer Ciftcioglu, Bige Tunçer and Rudi Stouffs
year	2003
title	Knowledge Model for Cultural Analogy in Design and Design Education
source	LOCAL VALUES in a NETWORKED DESIGN WORLD - ADDED VALUE OF COMPUTER AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, Stellingwerff, Martijn and Verbeke, Johan (Eds.), (2004) DUP Science - Delft University Press, ISBN 90-407-2507-1.
summary	Almost every architect uses analogy while designing. The source of inspiration is nature, technology, geometry, etc., besides the influence of the work of other architects. Analogy in architecture has a close relationship with culture as well. Culture is a dynamic occurrence and evolves by the influence of many aspects such as technological, economical, environmental and social. In the process of design, architects built op knowledge from their own experience and designs, but also from the other designers work. Usually, architects develop this quality and ability during the education, and later by trial and error methodwhile practising the design. This is habitually done based on own conscience, intuition and experience.The developments in ICKT (Information, Communication and Knowledge Technology) as a part of broader technological developments and the ongoing globalisation, influences the culture as a dynamic process and therefore the architecture.. It is necessary to make these influences explicit for their embedding in architectural design education of young professionals. This can be achieved by transferring the resulting knowledge to a knowledge model by using intelligent modelling techniques. The operational aspects of design analogies to be implemented in education, research and the daily practice of designing architects need attention. This paper discusses the operational aspects of cultural analogy in design by using an intelligent computational modelling approach.
keywords	Architecture, Local values, Globalisation, Computer Aided Architectural Design, ICKT, Architectural Design, Analogy, Culture, Design Education, Multiculturalism, Intelligent Modelling Techniques
series	AVOCAAD
email
last changed	2006/01/16 21:38

_id	ijac20042406
id	ijac20042406
authors	Sosa, Ricardo; Gero, John S.
year	2004
title	Diffusion of Creative Design: Gatekeeping Effects
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 2 - no. 4, 518-531
summary	A computational framework for design is presented to show that certain social structures can determine how novel solutions are created and spread. This paper suggests that creativity transcends the individual inasmuch as situational factors such as the role of gatekeepers can determine who is considered creative in a society.
series	journal
email
more	http://www.multi-science.co.uk/ijac.htm
last changed	2007/03/04 07:08

_id	ijac20042306
id	ijac20042306
authors	Stipech, Alfredo; Mantaras, Guillermo
year	2004
title	The Digital Media and New Technologies in Visual Arts Studio
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 2 - no. 3, 389-401
summary	This studio dealt with the integration of Digital Media in both the Artistic-Creative and Teaching-Learning processes. The studio combines satellite and present classes during two months of intensive work, with an additional year of work via internet. We obtained successful results as measured by higher levels of knowledge acquisition and the development of perceptual skills. Those results were achieved despite noteworthy limitations in quantity and quality of electronic equipment available. This experience may be particularly important to people working in developing countries and/or in the area between visual arts and architecture.
series	journal
more	http://www.multi-science.co.uk/ijac.htm
last changed	2007/03/04 07:08

_id	ijac20032205
id	ijac20032205
authors	Yi-Luen Do, Ellen; Gross, Mark D.
year	2004
title	Let There be Light! Knowledge-Based 3-D Sketching Design Tools
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 2 - no. 2
summary	This paper presents a framework for 3D knowledgebasedsketching tools for lighting design and twosoftware prototypes built to illustrate sketch-basedinteraction with intelligent systems in 3-D domains.Spot supports direct sunlight simulation andvisualization in a selected time period and Light Pensupports placement of electric lighting designs to lightan intended area in space. In both examples, a 3-Dsketching front-end is coupled with a back-endknowledge-based system. This enables a designer topose a problem by drawing onto a 3-D model towhich the knowledge-based system offers a solution –in one case by providing quantitative data analysis; inthe other by modifying the 3-D model. Spot and LightPen’s specific domain of architectural lighting designexemplifies a more general class of 3-D interactionwith intelligent systems.
series	journal
email
more	http://www.multi-science.co.uk/ijac.htm
last changed	2007/03/04 07:08

_id	510caadria2004
id	510caadria2004
authors	Ju-Yeon Kim & Hyun-Soo Lee
year	2004
title	Developing a Color Adaptive VR Interior Design System Based on Psychophsiological Responses
source	CAADRIA 2004 [Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 89-7141-648-3] Seoul Korea 28-30 April 2004, pp. 857-870
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2004.857
summary	This research utilizes vision-based affective recognition and sensing technologies, which are tested in order to interpret what emotional moods people experience with visual spatial images; these tests help to automatically provide feedback on the natural ways to manipulate affective intelligent communication. That is, the primary objective of this research is to realize an adaptable architectural virtual reality (VR) model whose color attributes can be changed dynamically according to the identified emotional state of the user. Eventually, this research addresses how to capture a specific user’s emotional states through the system and use it for modifying an architectural VR model, mainly for its color adaptation. In the applicability process, this system proposes towards user oriented smart environment such as the colors of an interior space are dynamically changed according to a characteristic affective response of a user.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	ascaad2004_paper12
id	ascaad2004_paper12
authors	Al-Qawasmi, Jamal
year	2004
title	Reflections on e-Design: The e-Studio Experience
source	eDesign in Architecture: ASCAAD's First International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design, 7-9 December 2004, KFUPM, Saudi Arabia
summary	The influence of digital media and information technology on architectural design education and practice is increasingly evident. The practice and learning of architecture is increasingly aided by and dependant on digital media. Digital technologies not only provide new production methods, but also expand our abilities to create, explore, manipulate and compose space. In contemporary design education, there is a continuous demand to deliver new skills in digital media and to rethink architectural design education in the light of the new developments in digital technology. During the academic years 2001-2003, I had the chance to lead the efforts to promote an effective use of digital media for design education at Department of Architecture, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST). Architectural curriculum at JUST dedicated much time for teaching computing skills. However, in this curriculum, digital media was taught in the form of "software use" education. In this context, digital media is perceived and used mainly as a presentation tool. Furthermore, Computer Aided Architectural Design and architectural design are taught in separate courses without interactions between the two.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2007/04/08 19:47

_id	sigradi2004_143
id	sigradi2004_143
authors	Andrés Cavieres; Christian Beros; Maria Loreto Flores; Marcelo Quezada; Osvaldo Zorzano
year	2004
title	Capacitación docente en tecnologías de información y comunicación hacia la conformación de redes colaborativas de trabajo/aprendizaje [Faculty Development in Information Technology and Communication Towards the Creation of Collaborative Working and Learning Networks]
source	SIGraDi 2004 - [Proceedings of the 8th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Porte Alegre - Brasil 10-12 november 2004
summary	The Academic Upgrade Program (.Capacitación Docente.) is been developed in the contexto of a MECESUP project (government funding assignments for education) at the FAU of Universidad de Chile. This program is about upgrading knowledge and user capabilities in Information and Communication Technologies (IT) of our academic team, in order to improve our pedagogical model, and to include these IT into the learning-teaching process for Architecture, Design and Geography. Considering that new technologies are part of the contemporary professional development and they are already included in high school in Chile, they should be part of the university academic environment as well, as an important tool and a link between generations, careers, and stages of education. Estimulating a cultural transformation process in the academic team, promoting transversal network thinking and to generate a base of knowledge in digital culture are our main objectives. This is our contribution to a new academic model, which we need in deed.
keywords	Colaborative Learning, IT, Knowledge Management
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	sigradi2006_e131c
id	sigradi2006_e131c
authors	Ataman, Osman
year	2006
title	Toward New Wall Systems: Lighter, Stronger, Versatile
source	SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 248-253
summary	Recent developments in digital technologies and smart materials have created new opportunities and are suggesting significant changes in the way we design and build architecture. Traditionally, however, there has always been a gap between the new technologies and their applications into other areas. Even though, most technological innovations hold the promise to transform the building industry and the architecture within, and although, there have been some limited attempts in this area recently; to date architecture has failed to utilize the vast amount of accumulated technological knowledge and innovations to significantly transform the industry. Consequently, the applications of new technologies to architecture remain remote and inadequate. One of the main reasons of this problem is economical. Architecture is still seen and operated as a sub-service to the Construction industry and it does not seem to be feasible to apply recent innovations in Building Technology area. Another reason lies at the heart of architectural education. Architectural education does not follow technological innovations (Watson 1997), and that “design and technology issues are trivialized by their segregation from one another” (Fernandez 2004). The final reason is practicality and this one is partially related to the previous reasons. The history of architecture is full of visions for revolutionizing building technology, ideas that failed to achieve commercial practicality. Although, there have been some adaptations in this area recently, the improvements in architecture reflect only incremental progress, not the significant discoveries needed to transform the industry. However, architectural innovations and movements have often been generated by the advances of building materials, such as the impact of steel in the last and reinforced concrete in this century. There have been some scattered attempts of the creation of new materials and systems but currently they are mainly used for limited remote applications and mostly for aesthetic purposes. We believe a new architectural material class is needed which will merge digital and material technologies, embedded in architectural spaces and play a significant role in the way we use and experience architecture. As a principle element of architecture, technology has allowed for the wall to become an increasingly dynamic component of the built environment. The traditional connotations and objectives related to the wall are being redefined: static becomes fluid, opaque becomes transparent, barrier becomes filter and boundary becomes borderless. Combining smart materials, intelligent systems, engineering, and art can create a component that does not just support and define but significantly enhances the architectural space. This paper presents an ongoing research project about the development of new class of architectural wall system by incorporating distributed sensors and macroelectronics directly into the building environment. This type of composite, which is a representative example of an even broader class of smart architectural material, has the potential to change the design and function of an architectural structure or living environment. As of today, this kind of composite does not exist. Once completed, this will be the first technology on its own. We believe this study will lay the fundamental groundwork for a new paradigm in surface engineering that may be of considerable significance in architecture, building and construction industry, and materials science.
keywords	Digital; Material; Wall; Electronics
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	acadia04_088
id	acadia04_088
authors	Bechthold, Martin
year	2004
title	Digital Design and Fabrication of Surface Structures
source	Fabrication: Examining the Digital Practice of Architecture [Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aidd Design in Architecture and the 2004 Conference of the AIA Technology in Architectural Practice Knowledge Community / ISBN 0-9696665-2-7] Cambridge (Ontario) 8-14 November, 2004, 88-99
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2004.088
summary	This paper presents a study in digital design and manufacturing of shells, which are material-efficient systems that generate their load-bearing capacity through curvature. Their complex shapes are challenging to build, and the few current shell projects employ the same shape repetitively in order to reduce the cost of concrete formwork. Can digital design and manufacturing technology make these systems suitable for the needs of the 21st century? The research developed new digitally-driven fabrication processes for Wood-Foam Sandwich Shells and Ferrocement-Concrete Sandwich Shells. These are partially pre-fabricated in order to allow for the application of Computer-Numerically Controlled (CNC) technology. Sandwich systems offer advantages for the digitally-enabled construction of shells, while at the same time improving their structural and thermal performance. The research defines design and manufacturing processes that reduce the need for repetition in order to save costs. Wood-Foam Sandwich shells are made by laminating wood-strips over a CNC-milled foam mold that eventually becomes the structural sandwich core. For Ferrocement-Concrete sandwich shells, a two-stage process is presented: pre-fabricated ferrocement panels become the permanent formwork for a cast-in-place concrete shell. The design and engineering process is facilitated through the use of parametric solid modeling environments. Modeling macros and integrated Finite-Element Analysis tools streamline the design process. Accuracy in fabrication is maintained by using CNC techniques for the majority of the shaping processes. The digital design and manufacturing parameters for each process are verified through design and fabrication studies that include prototypes, mockups and physical scale models.
keywords	Shell, Pre-Fabrication, Prototype, Custom-Manufacturing, Simulation
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

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