Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	cf2005_1_53_133
id	cf2005_1_53_133
authors	HERR Christiane M. and KVAN Thomas
year	2005
title	Using Cellular Automata to Generate High-Density Building Form
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2005 [Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 1-4020-3460-1] Vienna (Austria) 20–22 June 2005, pp. 249-258
summary	This paper presents an investigation into the use of cellular automata systems for the design of high-density architecture for Asian cities. In this architectural context, urban form is shaped by architectural solutions that are developed in a copy-and-paste manner. To this background, cellular automata are introduced and discussed with respect to the specific potential of cellular systems to support architectural design addressing large projects as well as cost and speed constraints. Previous applications of cellular automata to architectural design have been conceptual and are typically limited by the rigidity of classical automata systems as adopted from other fields. This paper examines the generative design potential of cellular automata by applying them to the re-modelling of an existing architectural project. From this application it is concluded that cellular automata systems for architectural design can benefit from challenging and adapting classic cellular automata features, such as uniform volumetric high-resolution models and globally consistent rule execution. A demonstration example is used to illustrate that dynamic, state-dependent geometries can support an architectural design process.
keywords	cellular automata, high density architecture, urban morphology, generative design
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2006/11/07 07:27

_id	acadia06_510
id	acadia06_510
authors	Johnson, Jason
year	2006
title	Complexity as a Creative Force in Design Variegation, Heterogeneity, Diversity
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2006.510
source	Synthetic Landscapes [Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture] pp. 510-517
summary	This paper describes an experimental project that attempts to use complexity as a creative and vital force within the design process. The project seeks to release architecture from its conventional role as a static urban backdrop and to transform it into a vital, dynamic, and active participant within cities. The project, entitled “Energy Farm”, was instigated by the 2005 International Open Design Competition for a “Performing Arts Island” located within the Han River in Seoul, Korea. Through the exploration of the site and program elements as an interacting matrix of fields, forces, and flows (energy, program, water flow, infrastructure, etc.), our proposal emerged as a variegated landscape marked by its capacities to produce its own energy, interweave heterogeneous threads of structure and program, and instigate a diverse set of scenarios in which physical and virtual realms coalesce. Architecture, in its unique capacity to bridge these realms, can release the rich computation potential of complexity into the physical realm. Within this scenario, architecture becomes a creative and vital agent for productive change with profound social, political, and ecological implications.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	2005_331
id	2005_331
authors	Al-Douri, Firas A., Clayton, Mark J. and Abrams, Robin F.
year	2005
title	The Impact of 3D Digital Modeling on the 3D Design Aspects in Urban Design Plans
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2005.331
source	Digital Design: The Quest for New Paradigms [23nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-3-2] Lisbon (Portugal) 21-24 September 2005, pp. 331-340
summary	Some experts suggest that urban design plans in US cities may lack adequate coverage of the three-dimensional design aspects of the built environment. 3D digital models may help designers visualize and interact with design alternatives, large urban data sets, and 3D information more effectively, thus correcting this problem. Case studies of recent urban design plans that have used 3D digital models may indicate whether these technologies can increase the quality of the plan. This research discusses the role 3D urban models can play in supporting designers in addressing the 3D design aspects. A literature review focused on reviewing secondary sources to construct or adopt theoretical propositions against which the empirical data can be compared and contrasted. A case study involved investigating the methods with which 3D models have been used in developing a selected urban design plan. The content analysis of the case study refuted the premise that the plan would inadequately address 3D aspects and utilize 3D information, and indicated an effective usage of 3D modeling to analyze and represent most of the 3D and 2D information elements and issues. The results are consistent with a hypothesis that the effective usage of 3D modeling would result in the effective coverage of 3D information and issues. The effective usage of the model’s functionalities has improved the quality of the decision-making process through improving designers’ cognitive capabilities and providing a platform for communicating design ideas among and across design teams.
keywords	3D Modeling; Urban Design Plans; Digital Models; 3D Design Aspects
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	caadria2005_a_7c_a
id	caadria2005_a_7c_a
authors	Anandan Karunakaran
year	2005
title	Organisation of Pedestrian Movements: an Agent-Based Approach
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2005.305
source	CAADRIA 2005 [Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 89-7141-648-3] New Delhi (India) 28-30 April 2005, vol. 1, pp. 305-313
summary	Cities are becoming more complex in this digital era due to technological changes. Thinking of cities without such technological changes is equivalent to an embryonic state in the morphology of city growth, that is, the growth seems less advanced. So it is appropriate to think of the non digital city digitally. Urban design is one state which establishes the perfect relationship between the street, people and building. The relationship of the people with the building and street is becoming one of the key factors in architecture. It has been observed that the design of a city has been influenced by the pedestrian movement. Many cities prior to the industrial era were largely determined by the social interactions based on walking. Thus the pedestrians play a key role in the formation of the city. They are a very important component in any representation of transport movements. They generally terminate or initiate a chain of linked activities, and if observed carefully, a single pedestrian movement is meant to include various sub journeys from one location to another. In order to organize pedestrians, we need to understand the pedestrian movement system. Though there is a lot of development of urban models in this aspect, it is still in a nascent state in comparison with the digital advancement. Thus much research work is carried out which can be applied to any given environmental setting, and as a result urban designers can respond to the changing socio-cultural technologies.
series	CAADRIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	sigradi2005_603
id	sigradi2005_603
authors	Castañé, Dora; Claudio Deho, Adrián Barcesat, Carlos Tessier
year	2005
title	Urbamedia: the design of an integrated system of urban-building visualization and communication
source	SIGraDi 2005 - [Proceedings of the 9th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Lima - Peru 21-24 november 2005, vol. 2, pp. 603-608
summary	This paper presents the advancements of the Urbamedia project which was designed as part of a research program at the Center CAO (Creation computer assist), School of Architectural Design and Urbanism, University of Buenos Aires, which was led by the valued master and advisory professor Architect Arturo F. Montagu. This proposal of the city of Buenos Aires on the Mayo Avenue expands the original historical fragment presented between the following two referenced representative landmarks: The Two Congresses Square and the Mayo Square. It continues with the advancement of methodologies and techniques implemented in a system of “integrated visualization and communication” for the development of a VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language) 3D virtual non-immersive and interactive vision. It also incorporates the development of a “foundation of digitally integrated knowledge” with fragments of central areas from other surrounding cities as well as interfaced phenomenological situations. The application of digital VRML technology has allowed for thoroughly researching the processes through dynamic simulation of specific urban fragments (Mayo Avenue within Buenos Aires) and the cities that are also participating in the project. [Full paper in Spanish]
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:48

_id	sigradi2005_778
id	sigradi2005_778
authors	Chiarella, Mauro
year	2005
title	DATABASE 3D. Of the new form to the data processing
source	SIGraDi 2005 - [Proceedings of the 9th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Lima - Peru 21-24 november 2005, vol. 2, pp. 778-782
summary	The search by new architectural forms with digital media loses interest when its results become foreseeable and repetitive in the growth of the large cities. At present, the interest is greater by the processing and manipulation of digital databases as alternatives of the architectural project. The resultant architectures possess forms that contrast less but with greater diversity in their spatial relations. DATABASE 3D is presented like a formal proposal risked of investigation. The experiences of project explore the concepts of Collective Autor, digital database and Hipertexto. It accepts the construction of a diverse and complex reality conformed by fragmentary spatial systems from the adoption of the mosaic, collage, remix and the digital sampling. [Full paper in Spanish]
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:48

_id	cf2005_1_33_194
id	cf2005_1_33_194
authors	HE Jie, TSOU Jin Yeu, XUE Yucai and CHOW Benny
year	2005
title	A Visual Landscape Assessment Approach for High-density Urban Development
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2005 [Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 1-4020-3460-1] Vienna (Austria) 20–22 June 2005, pp. 125-134
summary	The rapid developments of economy and urbanization bring great pressure to natural environment and resources, which contribute big challenge to sustainable urban development in high-density urban areas like Hong Kong, China and many other Eastern Asia cities. In these areas, protecting natural landscape resources and enhancing visibility to urban spaces and residential zones has become significant in improving the livability of human settlement. This paper presents a new approach in assessing the visual quality in high-density urban environment. The principal methodology is to quantitatively integrate human visual perception parameters with the visible landscape resources' characteristics. GIS is employed as the database and technical platform. A residential development in Hong Kong was used as a case study. The approach provides decision making support to urban planning, site layout design, and estate management during the early stage of the schematic design/planning process.
keywords	visual perception, visual quality assessment, urban planning, GIS
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2006/11/07 07:27

_id	acadia07_158
id	acadia07_158
authors	Oatman, Devin; Senagala, Mahesh
year	2007
title	Am I? Architecture of Ambient Intelligence
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2007.158
source	Expanding Bodies: Art • Cities• Environment [Proceedings of the 27th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture / ISBN 978-0-9780978-6-8] Halifax (Nova Scotia) 1-7 October 2007, 158-163
summary	In its purest state, Ambient Intelligence is smart computing whose presence is not apparent to the human senses except in response and actions. The original intentions and origins of Ambient Intelligence began with the need for more efficient and unobtrusive management of our everyday activities. Synonymous with ubiquitous computing, Ambient Intelligence, or AmI, consists of: UbiComp: the integration of microchips and computers into everyday objects; UbiComm: the ability of these objects to communicate with each other and the user; and Intelligent User Interface which allows inhabitants of the environment to interact with the system with human gestures (Riva 2005). Put together, these components are basically personifi ed computers. The key factor in Ambient Intelligent communities is that the microscopic computers are aware of their surroundings and their purpose just as human beings are. With the ability to self-program and react to new software, they eliminate the need for humans to program them, decreasing maintenance and programming time. These concepts and technologies raise important questions. What happens when the system disappears? Are we ready as a society to see a certain degree of power taken away from us by anticipatory computers? This short paper will provide an overview of AmI and why it is important for architects to embrace, explore, and engage this emerging technology.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 08:00

_id	955b
id	955b
authors	Rafi, A
year	2005
title	Information and communication technology (ICT) and intelligent cities: A Malaysian experience
source	In Mao-Lin, C. (Ed.), CAAD talk 4: Insights of digital cities (pp. 229-248), Taipei, Taiwan: Archidata
summary	This paper reports on Malaysian’s experience in suggesting and maintaining two cybercities (i.e. Putrajaya and Cyberjaya) or Intelligent Cities. The advantage of the convergence of technology has been implemented at national level as a means to increase human participation and to prosper in the Digital Age, in their daily life, business, education and other urban activities. It starts with an overview of ‘High-tech Corridors’ in Asia countries namely Philippines, Thailand, South Korea, and Singapore and its impact to these countries. The foundation of this study presents the criteria of Intelligent Community (IC) that makes a city intelligent without excluding the value of the citizen quality of life, culture and religion by associating with the Information and Communications Technology (ICT). We introduce and present www.i-Putra.com.my, a portal of digital soft city of Malaysia’s new administrative Capital, Putrajaya. This national project is funded by Putrajaya Holdings Sdn. Bhd. Malaysia and was originally developed by the Multimedia University before finally executed by I-Design Sdn. Bhd. It is designed to be an interactive channel to provide the services for different level of target audiences of the civic and urban activities. The guiding principle for i-Putra.com.my portal is content, context, community and commerce in which they will be integrated with the city information such as residential, commercial, service and public areas. It is hoped that this paper gives an example of good intelligent city concepts through a clear vision and planning, effective management, implementation and sustainable approach.
keywords	intelligent city, intelligent community (IC), ICT, High-tech Corridors
series	book
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2007/09/13 03:39

_id	acadia07_130
id	acadia07_130
authors	Satpathy, Lalatendu; Mathew, Anijo Punnen
year	2007
title	Smart Housing for the Elderly: Understanding Perceptions and Biases of Rural America
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2007.130
source	Expanding Bodies: Art • Cities• Environment [Proceedings of the 27th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture / ISBN 978-0-9780978-6-8] Halifax (Nova Scotia) 1-7 October 2007, 130-137
summary	It is commonly acknowledged that ‘smart’ environments, interactive architecture and ‘smart’ homes will define the next cutting edge in architectural research. Most critics agree that one of the first problems that ‘smart’ homes will help to address is that of spiraling costs of healthcare and aging-in-place. This may be true for urban settings where there is the financial feasibility for such technologies but what about rural America? It has been conclusively proven that rural America suffers from a lack of healthcare (delivery and access). Prior research (Mathew 2005) has also established that a rural home is different from an urban home. Will technologies designed for the urban home work in a rural setting? And do rural people carry the same attitudes and biases towards technology? This paper continues our research in the design of ‘smart’ rural environments. It summarizes findings from focus group studies conducted in rural communities that help us to understand attitudes of people towards ‘smart’ technology. We will use these findings to examine the feasibility of ubiquitous computing and ‘smart’ spaces in rural areas. In conclusion, we will present guidelines to help designers in the creation of technology to augment healthy aging in rural home settings.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	cf2005_1_54_91
id	cf2005_1_54_91
authors	CANEPARO Luca, MASALA Elena and ROBIGLIO Matteo
year	2005
title	Dynamic Generative Modelling System for Urban and Regional Design
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2005 [Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 1-4020-3460-1] Vienna (Austria) 20–22 June 2005, pp. 259-268
summary	This paper introduces a dynamic generative modelling system for urban and regional design. Through dynamic modelling the system evolves in time according to the interactions of the planners, decision-makers and citizens. On the basis of several synchronous and/or asynchronous user interactions, models are dynamically generated at run time. The models are built by defining the data (datasets) and the actions to perform on that data (tasks). The system reads and correlates data at urban and regional scale from various authorities to generate dynamic datasets. Tasks are especially powerful when they integrate generative procedures in a hierarchical structure. This allows us to model urban and regional dynamics through the interaction of tasks at micro- and macro-scale. Tasks can also implement either Cellular Automata or software agents. We examine the system application to a case project: the simulation of micro- and macro-dynamics in an Alpine valley, with specific challenges to fit competitive and sustainable growth in a landscape quality perspective. The simulation in spatial and temporal dimensions of regional data provided us with the elements to study the territorial evolution over the next twenty years. Four strategies gave as many scenarios highlighting the results of specific policies.
keywords	large-scale modelling, participatory design, GIS, software agent, datascape
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2006/11/07 07:27

_id	ddss2006-hb-187
id	DDSS2006-HB-187
authors	Lidia Diappi and Paola Bolchi
year	2006
title	Gentrification Waves in the Inner-City of Milan - A multi agent / cellular automata model based on Smith's Rent Gap theory
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Innovations in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Springer, ISBN-10: 1-4020-5059-3, ISBN-13: 978-1-4020-5059-6, p. 187-201
summary	The aim of this paper is to investigate the gentrification process by applying an urban spatial model of gentrification, based on Smith's (1979; 1987; 1996) Rent Gap theory. The rich sociological literature on the topic mainly assumes gentrification to be a cultural phenomenon, namely the result of a demand pressure of the suburban middle and upper class, willing to return to the city (Ley, 1980; Lipton, 1977, May, 1996). Little attempt has been made to investigate and build a sound economic explanation on the causes of the process. The Rent Gap theory (RGT) of Neil Smith still represents an important contribution in this direction. At the heart of Smith's argument there is the assumption that gentrification takes place because capitals return to the inner city, creating opportunities for residential relocation and profit. This paper illustrates a dynamic model of Smith's theory through a multi-agent/ cellular automata system approach (Batty, 2005) developed on a Netlogo platform. A set of behavioural rules for each agent involved (homeowner, landlord, tenant and developer, and the passive 'dwelling' agent with their rent and level of decay) are formalised. The simulations show the surge of neighbouring degradation or renovation and population turn over, starting with different initial states of decay and estate rent values. Consistent with a Self Organized Criticality approach, the model shows that non linear interactions at local level may produce different configurations of the system at macro level. This paper represents a further development of a previous version of the model (Diappi, Bolchi, 2005). The model proposed here includes some more realistic factors inspired by the features of housing market dynamics in the city of Milan. It includes the shape of the potential rent according to city form and functions, the subdivision in areal submarkets according to the current rents, and their maintenance levels. The model has a more realistic visualisation of the city and its form, and is able to show the different dynamics of the emergent neighbourhoods in the last ten years in Milan.
keywords	Multi agent systems, Housing market, Gentrification, Emergent systems
series	DDSS
last changed	2006/08/29 12:55

_id	cf2005_2_63_81
id	cf2005_2_63_81
authors	McMEEL Dermott, COYNE Richard and LEE John
year	2005
title	Talking Dirty: Formal and Informal Communication in Construction Projects
source	Learning from the Past a Foundation for the Future [Special publication of papers presented at the CAAD futures 2005 conference held at the Vienna University of Technology / ISBN 3-85437-276-0], Vienna (Austria) 20-22 June 2005, pp. 265-274
summary	We analyse the emergence and use of formal and informal communication tools in group working to aid in understanding the complexity of construction projects. Our test case is the design and build of an interactive digital installation in an exhibition space, involving students. After the project we conducted focus group studies to elicit insights into the effective use of the digital communications available for the project. We recount key insights from the study and examine how digital messaging devices are contributing to or hindering creative discussion. Whereas the construction process is concerned with the removal of dirt and re-ordering, in this paper we reflect on construction’s ritualistic, contractual and unauthorized aspects, and dirt’s role within them. We draw on Bakhtin’s theories of the carnival in exploring ritual, and the mixing of the un-sanctioned (rumour) with the official (contractual). How does dirt impinge on issues of communication, open discussion, and the move towards “partnering” in construction practice? We conjecture that while physical dirt might be unpleasant, the removal of other forms of metaphorical dirt hampers construction as an efficient and creative process.
keywords	communications, technology, construction
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2005/05/05 07:06

_id	2005_407
id	2005_407
authors	Post, Jelle and Koutamanis, Alexander
year	2005
title	Simulation for Daylighting in the Real World
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2005.407
source	Digital Design: The Quest for New Paradigms [23nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-3-2] Lisbon (Portugal) 21-24 September 2005, pp. 407-414
summary	Technology has been an obvious solution to the increasing complexity of the built environment. As the number and specificity of use requirements increases, designers, clients and managers tend to segment the overall problem to manageable aspects only tentatively linked to each other. As a result, aspects such as ventilation and lighting tend to rely more on mechanical means than on the affordances of the overall design. Ironically this increases the complexity and opacity of the built environment probably to a greater extent than rules, regulations and requirements. The paper presents a review of available computational methods and techniques that aim at a more coherent approach by supporting integration of (day)lighting into architectural designing. It proposes that the two main courses of further action are the improvement and updating building regulations, and the combination of quantitative knowledge of good, existing daylight designs with advanced simulation-based analyses of early design proposals. Improvements in daylighting design and the integration of daylighting in design solutions depend primarily on design guidance based on the coordinated development and thorough understanding of usable measures such as the Daylight Factor, the Daylight Performance Index and function factors. A major prerequisite to both simulation and design guidance are robust and detailed geometrical 3D models that accommodate both the input and the output of design actions and transactions.
keywords	Simulation; Daylight; Integration
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 08:00

_id	cf2011_p018
id	cf2011_p018
authors	Sokmenoglu, Ahu; Cagdas Gulen, Sariyildiz Sevil
year	2011
title	A Multi-dimensional Exploration of Urban Attributes by Data Mining
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 333-350.
summary	The paper which is proposed here will introduce an ongoing research project aiming to research data mining as a methodology of knowledge discovery in urban feature analysis. To address the increasing multi-dimensional and relational complexity of urban environments requires a multidisciplinary approach to urban analysis. This research is an attempt to establish a link between knowledge discovery methodologies and automated urban feature analysis. Therefore, in the scope of this research we apply data mining methodologies for urban analysis. Data mining is defined as to extract important patterns and trends from raw data (Witten and Frank, 2005). When applied to discover relationships between urban attributes, data mining can constitute a methodology for the analysis of multi-dimensional relational complexity of urban environments (Gil, Montenegro, Beirao and Duarte, 2009) The theoretical motivation of the research is derived by the lack of explanatory urban knowledge which is an issue since 1970‚Äôs in the area of urban research. This situation is mostly associated with deductive methods of analysis. The analysis of urban system from the perspective of few interrelated factors, without considering the multi-dimensionality of the system in a deductive fashion was not been explanatory enough. (Jacobs, 1961, Lefebvre, 1970 Harvey, 1973) To address the multi-dimensional and relational complexity of urban environments requires the consideration of diverse spatial, social, economic, cultural, morphological, environmental, political etc. features of urban entities. The main claim is that, in urban analysis, there is a need to advance from traditional one dimensional (Marshall, 2004) description and classification of urban forms (e.g. Land-use maps, Density maps) to the consideration of the simultaneous multi-dimensionality of urban systems. For this purpose, this research proposes a methodology consisting of the application of data mining as a knowledge discovery method into a GIS based conceptual urban database built out of official real data of Beyoglu. Generally, the proposed methodology is a framework for representing and analyzing urban entities represented as objects with properties (attributes). It concerns the formulation of an urban entity‚Äôs database based on both available and non-available (constructed from available data) data, and then data mining of spatial and non-spatial attributes of the urban entities. Location or position is the primary reference basis for the data that is describing urban entities. Urban entities are; building floors, buildings, building blocks, streets, geographically defined districts and neighborhoods etc. Urban attributes are district properties of locations (such as land-use, land value, slope, view and so forth) that change from one location to another. Every basic urban entity is unique in terms of its attributes. All the available qualitative and quantitative attributes that is relavant (in the mind of the analyst) and appropriate for encoding, can be coded inside the computer representation of the basic urban entity. Our methodology is applied by using the real and official, the most complex, complete and up-to-dataset of Beyoglu (a historical neighborhood of Istanbul) that is provided by the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (IBB). Basically, in our research, data mining in the context of urban data is introduced as a computer based, data-driven, context-specific approach for supporting analysis of urban systems without relying on any existing theories. Data mining in the context of urban data; ‚Ä¢ Can help in the design process by providing site-specific insight through deeper understanding of urban data. ‚Ä¢ Can produce results that can assist architects and urban planners at design, policy and strategy levels. ‚Ä¢ Can constitute a robust scientific base for rule definition in urban simulation applications such as urban growth prediction systems, land-use simulation models etc. In the paper, firstly we will present the framework of our research with an emphasis on its theoretical background. Afterwards we will introduce our methodology in detail and finally we will present some of important results of data mining analysis processed in Rapid Miner open-source software. Specifically, our research define a general framework for knowledge discovery in urban feature analysis and enable the usage of GIS and data mining as complementary applications in urban feature analysis. Acknowledgments I would like to thank to Nuffic, the Netherlands Organization for International Cooperation in Higher Education, for funding of this research. I would like to thank Ceyhun Burak Akgul for his support in Data Mining and to H. Serdar Kaya for his support in GIS.
keywords	urban feature analysis, data mining, urban database, urban complexity, GIS
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	acadia20_38
id	acadia20_38
authors	Mueller, Stephen
year	2020
title	Irradiated Shade
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2020.1.038
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume I: Technical Papers [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95213-0]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by B. Slocum, V. Ago, S. Doyle, A. Marcus, M. Yablonina, and M. del Campo. 38-46.
summary	The paper details computational mapping and modeling techniques from an ongoing design research project titled Irradiated Shade, which endeavors to develop and calibrate a computational toolset to uncover, represent, and design for the unseen dangers of ultraviolet radiation, a growing yet underexplored threat to cities, buildings, and the bodies that inhabit them. While increased shade in public spaces has been advocated as a strategy for “mitigation [of] climate change” (Kapelos and Patterson 2014), it is not a panacea to the threat. Even in apparent shade, the body is still exposed to harmful, ambient, or “scattered” UVB radiation. The study region is a binational metroplex, a territory in which significant atmospheric pollution and the effects of climate change (reduced cloud cover and more “still days” of stagnant air) amplify the “scatter” of ultraviolet wavelengths and UV exposure within shade, which exacerbates urban conditions of shade as an “index of inequality” (Bloch 2019) and threatens public health. Exposure to indirect radiation correlates to the amount of sky visible from the position of an observer (Gies and Mackay 2004). The overall size of a shade structure, as well as the design of openings along its sides, can greatly impact the UV protection factor (UPF) (Turnbull and Parisi 2005). Shade, therefore, is more complex than ubiquitous urban and architectural “sun” and “shadow studies” are capable of representing, as such analyses flatten the three-dimensional nature of radiation exposure and are “blind” to the ultraviolet spectrum. “Safe shade” is contingent on the nuances of the surrounding built environment, and designers must be empowered to observe and respond to a wider context than current representational tools allow.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	sigradi2005_546
id	sigradi2005_546
authors	Voigt, Andreas; Helena Linzer and Hans Peter Walchhofer
year	2005
title	Digital Cities – A Collection of Resources
source	SIGraDi 2005 - [Proceedings of the 9th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Lima - Peru 21-24 november 2005, vol. 2, pp. 546-551
summary	The present contribution discusses various selected concepts and criteria of “Digital Cities” which have been worked out by the scientific community. CUMINCAD (see http://cumincad.scix.net) provides an excellent resource of contributions which have been discussed within the scientific community throughout many years and is being used as main source for distilling various ideas and concepts of “Digital Cities”. Additionally the Austrian CORP-database (see http://www.corp.at) was used as a data source. This (small) “collection of resources” shall contribute to further the discussion and the development of useful concepts and standards concerning “Digital Cities” resp. “Virtual City Models”.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 10:02

_id	cf2005_1_64_168
id	cf2005_1_64_168
authors	ACHTEN Henri
year	2005
title	Resolving some Ambiguities in Real-time Design Drawing Recognition by means of a Decision Tree for Agents
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2005 [Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 1-4020-3460-1] Vienna (Austria) 20–22 June 2005, pp. 311-320
summary	In this paper, we present a theoretical study on automated understanding of the design drawing. This can lead to design support through the natural interface of sketching. In earlier work, 24 plan-based conventions of depiction have been identified, such as grid, zone, axial system, contour, and element vocabulary. These are termed graphic units. Graphic units form a good basis for recognition of drawings as they combine shape with meaning. We present some of the theoretical questions that have to be resolved before an implementation can be made. The contribution of this paper is: (i) identification of domain knowledge which is necessary for recognition; (ii) outlining combined strategy of multi-agent systems and online recognition; (iii) functional structure for agents and their organisation to converge on sketch recognition.
keywords	multi-agent system, decision tree, pattern recognition, sketch
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2006/11/07 07:27

_id	2005_287
id	2005_287
authors	Achten, Henri and Reymen, Isabelle
year	2005
title	Structured Reflection as a Means to Deepen Understanding of CAAD
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2005.287
source	Digital Design: The Quest for New Paradigms [23nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-3-2] Lisbon (Portugal) 21-24 September 2005, pp. 287-294
summary	In this paper we outline a strategy of structured reflection to improve reflection by students in a course on the implication of CAAD, design theory, and design methodology. Earlier editions of the course showed that students often did not evolve their learning beyond a checklist level. Reflection is an important mechanism to improve learning from design situations. After a consideration of the main approaches to design reflection, we take up Schön’s notion of reflection and provide support for structured reflection in CAAD education, based on earlier experiences with structured question lists in a civil engineering course. Findings after the first year’s run show a deeper level of reflection on a more elaborate level.
keywords	Structured Reflection, CAAD, Education
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	2005_010
id	2005_010
authors	Aish, Robert
year	2005
title	From Intuition to Precision
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2005.010
source	Digital Design: The Quest for New Paradigms [23nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-3-2] Lisbon (Portugal) 21-24 September 2005, pp. 10-14
summary	Design has been described as making inspire decisions with incomplete information. True, we may use prior knowledge, we may even think we understand the causalites involved, but what really matters is exploration: of new forms, of new materials, and speculation about the response to the resulting effects. Essentially, this exploration has its own dynamics, involving intuition and spontaneity, and without which there is no design. But of course we all know that this is not the whole story. Design is different to 'craft'; to directly 'making' or 'doing'. It necessarily has to be predictive in order to anticipate what the consequence of the 'making' or 'doing' will be. Therefore we inevitably have to counter balance our intuition with a well developed sense of premeditation. We have to be able to reason about future events, about the consequence of something that has not yet being made. There is always going to be an advantage if this reasoning can be achieved with a degree of precision. So how can we progress from intuition to precision? What abstractions can we use to represent, externalize and test the concepts involved? How can we augment the cognitive processes? How can we record the progression of ideas? And, how do we know when we have arrived? Design has a symbiotic relationship with geometry. There are many design issues that are independent of any specific configurations. We might call these “pre-geometric” issues. And having arrived at a particular configuration, there may be many material interpretations of the same geometry. We might call these “post-geometric” issues. But geometry is central to design, and without appropriate geometric understanding, the resulting design will be limited. Geometry has two distinct components, one is a formal descriptive system and the other is a process of subjective evaluation.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

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