Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	cf2011_p051
id	cf2011_p051
authors	Cote, Pierre; Mohamed-Ahmed Ashraf, Tremblay Sebastien
year	2011
title	A Quantitative Method to Compare the Impact of Design Mediums on the Architectural Ideation Process.
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 539-556.
summary	If we compare the architectural design process to a black box system, we can assume that we now know quite well both inputs and outputs of the system. Indeed, everything about the early project either feasibility studies, programming, context integration, site analysis (urban, rural or natural), as well as the integration of participants in a collaborative process can all be considered to initiate and sustain the architectural design and ideation process. Similarly, outputs from that process are also, and to some extent, well known and identifiable. We are referring here, among others, to the project representations or even to the concrete building construction and its post-evaluation. But what about the black box itself that produces the ideation. This is the question that attempts to answer the research. Currently, very few research works linger to identify how the human brain accomplishes those tasks; how to identify the cognitive functions that are playing this role; to what extent they operate and complement each other, and among other things, whether there possibly a chain of causality between these functions. Therefore, this study proposes to define a model that reflects the activity of the black box based on the cognitive activity of the human brain. From an extensive literature review, two cognitive functions have been identified and are investigated to account for some of the complex cognitive activity that occurs during a design process, namely the mental workload and mental imagery. These two variables are measured quantitatively in the context of real design task. Essentially, the mental load is measured using a Bakan's test and the mental imagery with eyes tracking. The statistical software G-Power was used to identify the necessary subject number to obtain for significant variance and correlation result analysis. Thus, in the context of an exploratory research, to ensure effective sample of 0.25 and a statistical power of 0.80, 32 participants are needed. All these participants are students from 3rd, 4th or 5th grade in architecture. They are also very familiar with the architectural design process and the design mediums used, i.e., analog model, freehand drawing and CAD software, SketchUp. In three experimental sessions, participants were asked to design three different projects, namely, a bus shelter, a recycling station and a public toilet. These projects were selected and defined for their complexity similarity, taking into account the available time of 22 minutes, using all three mediums of design, and this in a randomly manner to avoid the order effect. To analyze the two cognitive functions (mental load and mental imagery), two instruments are used. Mental imagery is measured using eye movement tracking with monitoring and quantitative analysis of scan paths and the resulting number and duration of participant eye fixations (Johansson et al, 2005). The mental workload is measured using the performance of a modality hearing secondary task inspired by Bakan'sworks (Bakan et al.; 1963). Each of these three experimental sessions, lasting 90 minutes, was composed of two phases: 1. After calibrating the glasses for eye movement, the subject had to exercise freely for 3 minutes while wearing the glasses and headphones (Bakan task) to get use to the wearing hardware. Then, after reading the guidelines and criteria for the design project (¬± 5 minutes), he had 22 minutes to execute the design task on a drawing table allowing an upright posture. Once the task is completed, the subject had to take the NASA TLX Test, on the assessment of mental load (¬± 5 minutes) and a written post-experimental questionnaire on his impressions of the experiment (¬± 10 minutes). 2. After a break of 5-10 minutes, the participant answered a psychometric test, which is different for each session. These tests (¬± 20 minutes) are administered in the same order to each participant. Thus, in the first experimental session, the subject had to take the psychometric test from Ekstrom et al. (1978), on spatial performance (Factor-Referenced Cognitive Tests Kit). During the second session, the cognitive style is evaluated using Oltman's test (1971). Finally, in the third and final session, participant creativity is evaluated using Delis-Kaplan test (D-KEFS), Delis et al. (2001). Thus, this study will present the first results of quantitative measures to establish and validate the proposed model. Furthermore, the paper will also discuss the relevance of the proposed approach, considering that currently teaching of ideation in ours schools of architecture in North America is essentially done in a holistic manner through the architectural project.
keywords	design, ideation process, mental workload, mental imagery, quantitative mesure
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	ijac20053304
id	ijac20053304
authors	Lyon, Eduardo
year	2005
title	Autopoiesis and Digital Design Theory: CAD Systems as Cognitive Instruments
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 3 - no. 3, 317-334
summary	In contrast to traditional models of design process fundamentally defined by the abstract manipulation of objects, this study recognizes that the resources available for rethinking architecture are to be found in a reformulation of its theory and practice. This reformation should be based on non-linear design processes in which dynamic emergence and invention take the place of a linear design process fixed on a particular object evolution. Advances in computation thinking and technology have stimulated the design and formulation of a large number of design software. Its elaboration supposes a new conceptualization of our discipline's knowledge, in a body of principles and regulations, which commands the artifact's design and its realization; therefore, it constitutes a preliminary datum for its comprehension, and thereby is of theoretical importance. Despite the continuous increment of power in computers and software capacities, the creative space of freedom defined by them acting as cognitive instruments remains almost unexplored. Therefore, we propose a change from a design knowledge based on objects to one focused on design as a network of processes. In addition, this study explores the concept of Distributed Cognition in order to redefine the use of digital tools in design process as Cognitive Instruments.
series	journal
more	http://www.ingentaconnect.com/search/expand?pub=infobike://mscp/ijac/2005/00000003/00000003/art00005
last changed	2007/03/04 07:08

_id	2005_547
id	2005_547
authors	Elger, Dietrich and Russell, Peter
year	2005
title	Crisis? What Crisis?
source	Digital Design: The Quest for New Paradigms [23nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-3-2] Lisbon (Portugal) 21-24 September 2005, pp. 547-556
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2005.547
summary	The paper describes the current situation concerning career opportunities in the field of architecture in developed western countries. Several aspects that are almost universal mark this situation. Firstly, there are too many architects chasing traditional work in competition with structural (civil) engineers. This is not surprising in consideration of the fact, that the architectural education industry produces far too many new architects for the economy to absorb. In Germany, the number is almost three times too many. Secondly, the needs of the building industry have changed over the past twenty years so that the skills that architects want to offer are not necessarily those that are sought. Lastly, the constant specialisation of work has continued unabated. Architects, as generalists, have idly watched their areas of expertise be usurped from neighbouring fields like civil and structural engineering The reasons for this crisis are manifold. In the schools of architecture, the discussions often deal with form or formal arguments, which, in fact, have little or no relevance to the building industry. This position was tenable so long as the clients were willing to accept formal arguments in order to receive buildings of high quality or current social relevance (i.e. current architectural fashion). With the dual aspects of globalisation and a shift to maintaining building stocks rather than producing new buildings, the tolerance for “architectural” discussions has been reduced even further. Indeed, the monetary pressures overwhelm almost all other aspects, including so-called green issues. What is more, most of the monetary issues are time based. Time represents, perhaps, the largest pressure in any current planning project. The clients expect expedient, accurate and inexpensive solutions. If architects are not able to produce these, the clients will (and do) go elsewhere. The authors argue that there remain serious problems to be solved for architects and the metier in general. Ever cheaper, ever faster and ever encompassing information technologies offer the architectural community a chance to turn recent trends on their head. By using information technologies to their full potential, architects can reassert themselves as the coordinators of building information and processes. Simply put, this means less photorealistic rendering and more databases, which may be unappealing for those architects who have positioned themselves as “designers” and are able to talk long on form, but short on cost or logistics. Nonetheless, the situation is not lost, so long as architects are able to recognise what is desired from the point of view of the client and what is desired from the point of view of the architect. It is not a question of one or the other. Architects must be able to offer innovative design solutions that not only address the fiscal, legal and programmatic constraints, but also push the boundaries at to the position of architecture in the community at large. For educators, it must be made clear that the real potential architects possess is their encompassing knowledge of the building process including their expertise concerning questions of architectural form, function, history and art. Precisely while they are generalists are architects invaluable in a sea of specialists. The biggest hurdle to asserting this in the past has been the control of the vast amounts of information. This is no longer a problem and also no longer an excuse. In the education of architects, it must be made clear that their role dictates sovereignty over architectural information. Architectural Information Management is a necessary skill alongside the more traditional architectural skills. A brief outlook as to how this might come about is detailed in the paper. The authors propose didactic steps to achieve this. Primarily, the education of computer supported planning should not simply end with a series of lectures or seminars, but culminate in integrated Design Studios (which including Design-Build scenarios).
keywords	Architectural Information Mangement, Computer Supported Design Studios, CSCW
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	ascaad2012_003
id	ascaad2012_003
authors	Elseragy, Ahmed
year	2012
title	Creative Design Between Representation and Simulation
source	CAAD \| INNOVATION \| PRACTICE [6th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2012 / ISBN 978-99958-2-063-3], Manama (Kingdom of Bahrain), 21-23 February 2012, pp. 11-12
summary	Milestone figures of architecture all have their different views on what comes first, form or function. They also vary in their definitions of creativity. Apparently, creativity is very strongly related to ideas and how they can be generated. It is also correlated with the process of thinking and developing. Creative products, whether architectural or otherwise, and whether tangible or intangible, are originated from ‘good ideas’ (Elnokaly, Elseragy and Alsaadani, 2008). On one hand, not any idea, or any good idea, can be considered creative but, on the other hand, any creative result can be traced back to a good idea that initiated it in the beginning (Goldschmit and Tatsa, 2005). Creativity in literature, music and other forms of art is immeasurable and unbounded by constraints of physical reality. Musicians, painters and sculptors do not create within tight restrictions. They create what becomes their own mind’s intellectual property, and viewers or listeners are free to interpret these creations from whichever angle they choose. However, this is not the case with architects, whose creations and creative products are always bound with different physical constraints that may be related to the building location, social and cultural values related to the context, environmental performance and energy efficiency, and many more (Elnokaly, Elseragy and Alsaadani, 2008). Remarkably, over the last three decades computers have dominated in almost all areas of design, taking over the burden of repetitive tasks so that the designers and students can focus on the act of creation. Computer aided design has been used for a long time as a tool of drafting, however in this last decade this tool of representation is being replaced by simulation in different areas such as simulation of form, function and environment. Thus, the crafting of objects is moving towards the generation of forms and integrated systems through designer-authored computational processes. The emergence and adoption of computational technologies has significantly changed design and design education beyond the replacement of drawing boards with computers or pens and paper with computer-aided design (CAD) computer-aided engineering (CAE) applications. This paper highlights the influence of the evolving transformation from Computer Aided Design (CAD) to Computational Design (CD) and how this presents a profound shift in creative design thinking and education. Computational-based design and simulation represent new tools that encourage designers and artists to continue progression of novel modes of design thinking and creativity for the 21st century designers. Today computational design calls for new ideas that will transcend conventional boundaries and support creative insights through design and into design. However, it is still believed that in architecture education one should not replace the design process and creative thinking at early stages by software tools that shape both process and final product which may become a limitation for creative designs to adapt to the decisions and metaphors chosen by the simulation tool. This paper explores the development of Computer Aided Design (CAD) to Computational Design (CD) Tools and their impact on contemporary design education and creative design.
series	ASCAAD
email
more	http://www.ascaad.org/conference/2012/papers/ascaad2012_003.pdf
last changed	2012/05/15 20:46

_id	sigradi2005_738
id	sigradi2005_738
authors	Gatermann, Harald
year	2005
title	Educational Parcours for Architectural Photography
source	SIGraDi 2005 - [Proceedings of the 9th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Lima - Peru 21-24 november 2005, vol. 2, pp. 738-742
summary	Our didactical concept is based on the idea of simulating photographical techniques by using a set of mock-up situations, created with a common CAAD- and visualisation-software (Artlantis).The didactic program (and the mock-up-“parcours“) starts with a two-dimensional object, found on different places in the city or on the campus: an „advertising panel“. With any kind of camera it is possible to take a picture of sufficient quality. When taking the real photo, students have to deal with different points of view, different inclinations of the camera and different zoom-adjustments. When they present their results in digital form, they also have to deal with disappointments in form of distortions of their lenses. The CAD-model of the same situation (professional photographers use the terminus, mock-up“) shows parallels in using different points of view, different zoom-adjustments. Our experience in using this kind of mock-up-simulation is very positive: students develop a new sight to things and procedures which intensifies their consciousness and their knowledge of photographical and architectural situations.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:52

_id	caadria2005_a_2c_a
id	caadria2005_a_2c_a
authors	Ivan Redi, Andrea Redi
year	2005
title	A.N.D.I. - A new Digital Instrument for networked creative collaboration in architecture and net.art
source	CAADRIA 2005 [Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 89-7141-648-3] New Delhi (India) 28-30 April 2005, vol. 1, pp. 209-215
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2005.209
summary	A.N.D.I. (A New Digital Instrument), an open source software project, has objective to develop a run-time environment with the focus on the applications for the networked international and cross-disciplinary production in the creative sphere of architecture, urban planning, design and net.art. It is a digital environment which opens the possibilities to generate advanced projects in a networked society. This new working tools will increase the creativity, productivity and competitiveness of the involved actors by drawing upon and developing technologies for virtual, augmented and mixed realities. A.N.D.I. has two basic aspects. On the one hand it is a database driven collaborative environment and on the other hand it will enable the development of future software and tools for networked creative collaboration.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	2005_399
id	2005_399
authors	Johansson, Mikael and Roupé, Mattias
year	2005
title	From CAD to VR – Implementations for Urban Planning and Building Design
source	Digital Design: The Quest for New Paradigms [23nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-3-2] Lisbon (Portugal) 21-24 September 2005, pp. 399-405
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2005.399
summary	At present time, three-dimensional objects are often represented with 2D-data in urban planning and building design. In order to get all the involved parties to fully understand a certain project, this may not be enough. More and more projects therefore take use of the Virtual Reality (VR) technique as a complement to traditional 2D drawings and sketches. All the involved parties can then share a common frame of reference for all discussions regarding a certain project. Unfortunately, the technique is not yet adapted to fit the current building design process. In this paper, we present a solution for semi-automatic generation of a VR-model based on 3D CAD information and aerial photos obtained from the City Planning Authorities in Sweden. The data is imported to support real-time editing of terrain, roads and buildings. We also present a framework for importing 3D-models created in Autodesk Revit which enables a seamless integration of modern 3D CAD and VR-models. The features are implemented in a software developed at Chalmers Visualization studio (Gothenburg, Sweden) and technical details about terrain handling and speed-up techniques will be given.
keywords	Virtual Reality; 3D City modeling; Urban planning; Terrain; Visualization
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	sigradi2005_178
id	sigradi2005_178
authors	Kenzari, Bechir
year	2005
title	Synthesis of cutting-edge technologies and miniature tooling in the physical modelling of architectural objects designed on CAD
source	SIGraDi 2005 - [Proceedings of the 9th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Lima - Peru 21-24 november 2005, vol. 1, pp. 178-183
summary	Developments made in the Rapid Prototyping and CAD/CAM (including CNC and Laser) Technologies are giving designers the advantage of building physical realities, at whatever scale, directly and automatically from computer files, with the explicit implications of speed, precision and flexibility. Yet there are modeling details that can only be solved through the use of specialized materials, accessories and miniature tools which neither fall under the CNC, laser or rapid prototyping categories, but complement them. The most emphatic aspect of this research is to show how technical expertise, craftsmanship and detailing in the making of physical models require the intervention of not-so-well-known tools and machines. In the absence of an ideal technology to convert all 3-d digital models into physical models, and despite the advent of CAD-CAM and Rapid Prototyping, the combination of high technology and miniature tooling becomes the ultimate way to go in order to solve many modeling requirements.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:53

_id	2005_695
id	2005_695
authors	Kouzeleas, Stelios Th.
year	2005
title	Definition of a Method of Limits of the Simplification of a Hall Model in a CAD System to Diminish Falsification of Acoustic Simulation Results
source	Digital Design: The Quest for New Paradigms [23nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-3-2] Lisbon (Portugal) 21-24 September 2005, pp. 695-704
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2005.695
summary	During the modelling, because of the sometimes complex architectural shape of halls, we were forced to introduce simplifications in order to carry out calculations and simulation operations on these halls, as the calculation software requires plane surfaces. This paper presents a developed tool adapted on a CAD modelling system (AutoCAD), which defines an “average limits” of the model simplification operation in order to control and diminish the falsification of calculation and simulation results on this model, such as the architectural acoustic simulation. The process of the elaboration and the adjustment of the simplified models of the Grand Theatre of Bordeaux (GTB) based on acoustical measurements and their calculation results are described in detail in a previous article (Kouzeleas and Semidor, 2001). The analysis process of the consequences of the hall model simplification on the acoustical simulation results and the applied simplification methods are described in a PhD thesis (Kouzeleas, 2002). This article is based on this analysis process in order to apply it on several simplified models of the Amphitheatre of the Architecture School of Bordeaux (Amphi- EAPB). The comparison in a CAD system (AutoCAD) of the acoustical calculation results and the areas after simplification of the simplified models of these two halls made with AutoCAD, via the developed tool adapted on the AutoCAD, permit to define a “limits average of a hall model simplification” before the falsification of these calculation results.
keywords	Calculation Cad Program Integrated Development ; Design Process ; 3D Modeling ; Performance Simulation ; Acoustic Simulation Results
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	2005_055
id	2005_055
authors	Moloney, Jules
year	2005
title	Game Engines and Virtual Design Studios
source	Digital Design: The Quest for New Paradigms [23nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-3-2] Lisbon (Portugal) 21-24 September 2005, pp. 55-62
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2005.055
summary	A discussion of the outcomes from the use of a game engine based collaborative virtual environment for virtual design studios. By way of introduction the use of a game engine is positioned between the high end visualization capabilities of immersive VR, and the high dimensional accuracy of 3D CAD. Software development, which address problems related to content creation and communication lag, are reported. This is supplemented with a more general discussion of the motivations for design collaboration between architectural schools. We confer with other researchers that lack of engagement is more related to pedagogy, then as a result of technical issues. In conclusion we discuss the potential of game play to enhance virtual design studios in terms of engagement and deliberation
keywords	Collaborative Virtual Environments, Game Engines, Pedagogy
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	2005_067
id	2005_067
authors	Pellitteri, Giuseppe, Colajanni Benedetto and Concialdi, Salvatore
year	2005
title	Distance Collaboration. A Comparative Analysis of Tools and Procedures
source	Digital Design: The Quest for New Paradigms [23nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-3-2] Lisbon (Portugal) 21-24 September 2005, pp. 67-73
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2005.067
summary	Besides design theory and practice, curricula of architectural students should include some experiences referring to professional situations. Among these experiences, Collaborative Design is nowadays somewhat frequent. It is normally practised by large professional studios, using expansive software which is beyond what they can afford on average. Much academic research on the topic has also been carried out often resulting in the proposition of new and too complex description models of the building object. We think that students should instead get acquainted with such a design process: an experience has been planned and carried out in our Department for the purpose of practising the possible paradigm in a more ordinary context. Its purpose was threefold. First, making the students grasp the method’s potentialities and learn the right approach. Second, testing the practical suitability of the most widely used software. Third, comparing their relative efficiency. The software we used was: Architectural Desktop, AutoCad Revit, ArchiCad for Teamwork. We focused special attention on how representing and managing restraints, since they are the main source of conflicts. This was the hardest topic to manage. The results were partly positive inasmuch as the experience showed that it could be possible to adopt the Collaborative Design paradigm which is also used in the AEC field. The drawbacks emerged from the analysis of non-dedicated software are: a relative slow process for the lack of certain specific tools; a subsequent necessity of integrating them with different communication software; the difficulty of managing hard and soft restraints. However, in the final analysis, the experience can be considered as positive.
keywords	Collaborative Design, Architectural teaching
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	2005_797
id	2005_797
authors	Petzold, Frank and Donath, Dirk
year	2005
title	Tailor-made: Adapting and Extending CA(A)Dsystems
source	Digital Design: The Quest for New Paradigms [23nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-3-2] Lisbon (Portugal) 21-24 September 2005, pp. 797-803
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2005.797
summary	CA(A)D systems are nowadays a part of everyday architectural practice and have completely replaced drawing with pen and T-square. The standard functions of such systems are (usually) sufficient for the everyday needs of practical work. The question is: can CA(A)D systems be adapted to improve work efficiency for specific users or applications such as those of the architect? Most current CA(A)D systems already provide some level of support for individual adaptation however these are rarely exploited by the end users. This paper discusses the teaching of skills for adapting and extending existing CA(A)D systems in current architectural education. In addition to the teaching of programming and operational skills, the course also examines the critical examination of CA(A)D systems and the formulation of user requirements (analysis), the search for existing solutions, functions or extensions (research) and the technical adaptation or extension of the system (software development). Using examples from current coursework, the paper illustrates both process and results of teaching practice.
keywords	Digital Design Education, 2D Representation, Design Process, 3D Modeling, Education in CAAD
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 08:00

_id	acadia06_544
id	acadia06_544
authors	Schindler, C., Braach, M., Scheurer, F.
year	2006
title	Inventioneering Architecture: building a doubly curved section through Switzerland
source	Synthetic Landscapes [Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture] pp. 544-545
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2006.544
summary	Inventioneering Architecture is an exhibition of the four Swiss architecture schools that has been traveling the world during 2005/06. This doubly curved exhibition platform, resembling an abstract crosscut through Swiss topography, measures 40 by 3 meters. The authors proposed to assemble the hilly platform from 1000 individually curved rafters that were milled out of 40mm medium density fiberboard (MDF). By implementing a continuous digital chain from the definition of the surface geometry in the CAD software Maya to the control of the five-axis CNC-mill that manufactures the parts, production costs could be lowered significantly. The detailing was developed closely after the capabilities of a five-axis router. The platform is divided into 40 mm wide cross sections, each describing the upper surface path of one rafter. The milling tool follows this path and rotates around it at the same time, cutting out a so called “ruled surface” that follows the topography of the platform both along and across the section. In order to meet the budget requirements, the crucial point was to automate the translation of the platform geometry into the geometry of the single parts and finally into the steering code (G-Code) for the computer controlled mill.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	5b89
id	5b89
authors	Sevaldson, Birger
year	2005
title	Developing Digital Design Techniques Investigations on Creative Design Computing
source	Oslo School of Architecture and Design, PHD-Thesis
summary	1.1. The themes in this theses 16 1.1.1. Mind the mind gap 16 1.1.2. Prologue: The World Center for Human Concerns 17 1.1.3. Creative computer use 26 1.1.4. Design strategies and techniques 31 1.2. Overview 33 1.2.1. Main issues 34 1.2.2. The material 36 1.2.3. The framework of this thesis 37 2. CURRENT STATE AND BACKGROUND 39 2.1. New tools, old thoughts. 39 2.1.1. A misuse strategy 44 2.1.2. Emergence in design 47 2.1.3. Programming and design 50 2.1.4. Artificial intelligence 53 2.1.5. Human intelligence and artificial representations 53 2.2. Electronic dreams 54 2.2.1. The dream of intuitive software 55 2.2.2. The dream of the designing machine 60 2.2.3. The dream of self-emerging architecture; genetic algorithms in design 61 2.2.4. A cultural lag 62 2.3. Ideas and ideology 64 2.3.1. A personal perspective on the theories of the 1990s 65 2.3.2. "The suffering of diagrams" 68 2.3.3. Architectural theory and design methodology 69 2.4. Ideas on creativity 72 2.4.1. What is creativity? 73 2.4.2. Creativity, a cultural phenomenon. 75 2.4.3. Creativity in the information age 79 2.4.4. Creativity-enhancing techniques 81 2.4.5. Crucial fiicro-cultures 82 2.4.6. A proposal for a practitioner approach to creativity 83 2.5. Summary and conclusion of part 2 84 3. NEW DESIGN TECHNIQUES 86 3.1. Introduction 86 3.2. New technology - new strategy 87 3.3. Thinking through design practice: the inspirational playful design approach 88 3.4. A Corner stone: emergence 89 3.4.1. The source material 94 3.5. Recoding, translation and interpretation 95 A case: Tidsrom 97 3.6. Reconfiguring schemata 109 3.7. Rules and games 113 3.8. Virtuality and virtual models 118 3.8.1. What is "The Virtual"? 118 3.8.2. Virtual reality 119 Investigating "the virtual" 120 3.8.3. Analysing the virtual 126 3.9. Visual thinking (diagrams and visual thinking) 130 3.9.1. Visual Thinking and Abstraction. 130 3.9.2. A heuristic process 132 3.9.3. Visual thinking, skills and tacit knowledge 132 3.9.4. Media for visual thinking 133 3.10. Diagrammatic thinking 138 3.10.1. Descriptive diagrams 142 3.10.2. Generative diagrams 144 3.10.3. Versioning 149 3.10.4. Finding 153 3.10.5. Translation and interpretation 158 3.10.6. From generative diagram to program 168 3.10.7. Dynamic generative diagrams 171 3.11. The question of selection 175 3.12. Summary and conclusion of part 3 178 4. WAYS OF WORKING: FROM DESIGN PRACTICE TOWARDS THEORY AND DIGITAL DESIGN METHODS 179 4.1. Introduction 179 4.1.1. Practice-based research 180 4.1.2. Visual material is central. 180 4.1.3. Two investigation paths 180 4.1.4. Achievements 180 4.2. Methods 181 4.2.1. Explorative and generative research 182 4.2.2. A first-person approach 183 4.2.3. Analysis 184 4.2.4. The Material 185 4.3. Systematising creative computer use. Ways of working; techniques in creative computer use. 186 4.3.1. Categorization 186 4.3.2. Mapping the field of design computing. 187 4.3.3. Generic techniques 190 4.3.4. Specific techniques 192 4.3.5. Table of techniques 193 4.3.6. Examples of techniques 200 4.3.7. Traces of technology. 213 4.4. The further use of the generated material 219 4.4.1. Realisation strategies 221 4.4.2. Templates and scaffolds 223 4.5. Summary of Part 4 240 PART 5. WAYS OF THINKING: INTENTIONS IN CREATIVE COMPUTER USE. 241 5.1. Intentions 241 5.1.1. Categorising intentions 242 5.2. Intention themes 243 5.2.1. Cases and samples from Group one: Formal, phenomenal, spatial and geometrical themes 244 5.2.2. Intentions of response to the complexity of urban systems 297 5.3. The Hybrid Process 317 5.3.1. Hybridization strategies 319 5.3.2. The hybrid process and its elements. 328 6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 344 6.1. Principles, concepts and methods for creative design computing 344 6.2. A new type of creativity? 348 6.3. A practice as the field for an investigation 349 6.4. Suggestions for further studies 349
series	thesis:PhD
type	normal paper
last changed	2007/04/08 16:11

_id	2005_269
id	2005_269
authors	Caldas, Luisa and Duarte, José
year	2005
title	Fabricating Ceramic Covers
source	Digital Design: The Quest for New Paradigms [23nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-3-2] Lisbon (Portugal) 21-24 September 2005, pp. 269-276
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2005.269
summary	This paper describes a studio experiment developed with the aim of exploring the design and fabrication of innovative roof systems based on ceramic tiles using digital technologies. History is rich in examples of the use of ceramic roof tiles since the ancient world. Today’s systems derive from such ancient systems and fall into several basic categories depending on the form of the tiles and how they interlock. These systems present acceptable functional performances due to centuries of refinement, but as they have suffered little formal evolution in recent centuries, to respond to modern needs they require complex layering and assemblies. Recent technological evolution has emphasized the optimization of the tile production process in terms of time saving and cost reduction, and the improvement of product quality in terms of material homogeneity and durability. Little attention has been paid to the tile form and the roof system as a whole, including the assembly process. As a result, despite the variety and performance of existing designs, they are often perceived as outdated by architects who refuse to use them following a stylistic trend in architectural design towards primary forms and flat roofs. The challenge of the experiment was to take advantage of digital design and fabrication technology to conceive systems with improved performance and contemporary designs. The hope was that this could lead architects to consider integrating roof tiles systems in their architectural proposals. Results yielded five different roof systems. These systems are innovative from a formal viewpoint both at the tile and roof level. In addition, they are easy to assemble and possess better thermal and water-proofing performance. Digital technologies were determinant to enable students to design the complex shape of the tiles, to manipulate them into assemblies, and to assess the shape of the roofs, as well as their thermal and structural performance in some cases.
keywords	Design Education; Rapid Prototyping; Collaboration; Ceramics; Innovation; Tiles
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	b3f6
authors	Goodwin, G.
year	1997
title	Software and hardware summary
source	Automation in Construction 6 (1) (1997) pp. 29-31
summary	With the rate of change accelerating in both technological development and in the spread of global markets, very few cost cutting businesses will survive in a value added marketplace. Information sharing over networks has a lot to offer the Industry by way of eliminating delays from the construction process and inventory from the Supply Chain. The most significant change by 2005 will be in networking and communications. Discovering design flaws at the design stage rather than when the building is in use must be very attractive to clients of the Construction Industry. Construction firms must have some sort of IT Strategy or clear view of how to exploit IT to support their businesses. Large companies need to act as coaches and mentors to smaller ones. The Industry cannot maximise its IT benefits unless all the players participate.
series	journal paper
more	http://www.elsevier.com/locate/autcon
last changed	2003/05/15 21:22

_id	ecaade2016_154
id	ecaade2016_154
authors	Ozer, Derya Gulec and Nagakura, Takehiko
year	2016
title	Simplifying Architectural Heritage Visualization - AUGMENTEDparion
source	Herneoja, Aulikki; Toni Österlund and Piia Markkanen (eds.), Complexity & Simplicity - Proceedings of the 34th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, 22-26 August 2016, pp. 521-528
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2016.2.521
wos	WOS:000402064400052
summary	Among other historical artifacts, architectural heritage is the most difficult to present in museums. There is a need for a high-tech visualization of cultural heritage since it is important to visualize, share and analyze data for stakeholders such as historians, archaeologists, architects and tourists. This study aims to represent architectural heritage in terms of photogrammetry and AR methods for the Parion Theater, Biga, Turkey, dates back to 1st-2nd century A.D. and has been under excavation since 2005. The study uses MULTIRAMA, a method previously developed by ARC Team (MIT) in 2013, which aims to represent the "unseen" to such users by visualising and documenting via an app. The method supports architectural heritage representation via the processes of, i) documentation, ii) data process and modeling, and iii) presentation. This holistic and low cost approach will focus on the problem of visualizing the digital architectural heritage, and led light to future projects of a historical visualization database throughout Turkey.
keywords	Augmented Reality (AR); Cultural Heritage; Photogrammetry; Parion
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 08:00

_id	caadria2005_a_7b_a
id	caadria2005_a_7b_a
authors	Abdullah, A.Q.M. ; Md. Emran Hossain, Md. Shabab Habib Khan
year	2005
title	Digital Perception, Development and Presentation in Architecture: a study of Bangladesh with global context
source	CAADRIA 2005 [Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 89-7141-648-3] New Delhi (India) 28-30 April 2005, vol. 1, pp. 255-267
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2005.255
summary	In the recent past the computer has become an important tool in both the design and presentation media/method in architecture. In this paper digitalization in architectural practice and architectural education in both the global and Bangladesh contexts have been studied. A survey questionnaire was carried out to find how and to what extent available software are being used in Bangladesh for this purpose. Opinion, views, expectations of architects from leading architectural firms of Bangladesh were studied to understand the future prospect of this field in Bangladesh.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	2005_027
id	2005_027
authors	Akin, Ömer and Özkaya, Ipek
year	2005
title	Mixing Domains: Architecture plus Software Engineering
source	Digital Design: The Quest for New Paradigms [23nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-3-2] Lisbon (Portugal) 21-24 September 2005, pp. 27-35
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2005.027
summary	Software engineering is a multidisciplinary area of knowledge combining competence in computation with at least one other area of expertise, typically in the domain of the applications being created. A course offering for students of engineering, architecture and software engineering at Carnegie Mellon illustrates the challenges and opportunities of cross-domain instruction. These include ontology, problem taxonomies, and instruction strategies.
keywords	Computing education in AEC; requirement engineering
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	2005_729
id	2005_729
authors	Asanowicz, Alexander
year	2005
title	Computer Renderings – „Reality is Overrated”
source	Digital Design: The Quest for New Paradigms [23nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-3-2] Lisbon (Portugal) 21-24 September 2005, pp. 729-735
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2005.729
summary	In this paper, two problems concerning truthfulness of computer-generated visualization are considered. The first one concerns relationships between reality and its representation by computer renderings. The second problem concerns the kind of representations people need. These problems are analyzed for static perception of architectural forms based on computer visualization, and for dynamic walk-through perception of urban space. The thesis of the paper is that many photorealistic renderings are excessively realistic and thus not true. In this context, a new question arises: do we need the true representation of an object? The author claims that we need “adequate” pictures. Adequate means a picture that is satisfactory in particular situation. The problem of equivalence of media (renderings and animations) and reality is not that important here. Much research is concerned with the truthfulness and falsity of information. However, they do not take into consideration that frequently what seems to be real exerts bigger influence on people than what is in fact real. Understanding this problem may help us in producing images that better correspond to people’s expectations.
keywords	Perception, Rendering, Non-Photorealistic Rendering
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

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