Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	cf2011_p027
id	cf2011_p027
authors	Herssens, Jasmien; Heylighen Ann
year	2011
title	A Framework of Haptic Design Parameters for Architects: Sensory Paradox Between Content and Representation
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 685-700.
summary	Architects‚Äîlike other designers‚Äîtend to think, know and work in a visual way. In design research, this way of knowing and working is highly valued as paramount to design expertise (Cross 1982, 2006). In case of architecture, however, it is not only a particular strength, but may as well be regarded as a serious weakness. The absence of non-visual features in traditional architectural spatial representations indicates how these are disregarded as important elements in conceiving space (Dischinger 2006). This bias towards vision, and the suppression of other senses‚Äîin the way architecture is conceived, taught and critiqued‚Äîresults in a disappearance of sensory qualities (Pallasmaa 2005). Nevertheless, if architects design with more attention to non visual senses, they are able to contribute to more inclusive environments. Indeed if an environment offers a range of sensory triggers, people with different sensory capacities are able to navigate and enjoy it. Rather than implementing as many sensory triggers as possible, the intention is to make buildings and spaces accessible and enjoyable for more people, in line with the objective of inclusive design (Clarkson et al. 2007), also called Design for All or Universal Design (Ostroff 2001). Within this overall objective, the aim of our study is to develop haptic design parameters that support architects during design in paying more attention to the role of haptics, i.e. the sense of touch, in the built environment by informing them about the haptic implications of their design decisions. In the context of our study, haptic design parameters are defined as variables that can be decided upon by designers throughout the design process, and the value of which determines the haptic characteristics of the resulting design. These characteristics are based on the expertise of people who are congenitally blind, as they are more attentive to non visual information, and of professional caregivers working with them. The parameters do not intend to be prescriptive, nor to impose a particular method. Instead they seek to facilitate a more inclusive design attitude by informing designers and helping them to think differently. As the insights from the empirical studies with people born blind and caregivers have been reported elsewhere (Authors 2010), this paper starts by outlining the haptic design parameters resulting from them. Following the classification of haptics into active, dynamic and passive touch, the built environment unfolds into surfaces that can act as ‚Äúmovement‚Äù, ‚Äúguiding‚Äù and/or ‚Äúrest‚Äù plane. Furthermore design techniques are suggested to check the haptic qualities during the design process. Subsequently, the paper reports on a focus group interview/workshop with professional architects to assess the usability of the haptic design parameters for design practice. The architects were then asked to try out the parameters in the context of a concrete design project. The reactions suggest that the participating architects immediately picked up the underlying idea of the parameters, and recognized their relevance in relation to the design project at stake, but that their representation confronts us with a sensory paradox: although the parameters question the impact of the visual in architectural design, they are meant to be used by designers, who are used to think, know and work in a visual way.
keywords	blindness, design parameters, haptics, inclusive design, vision
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	2005_647
id	2005_647
authors	Caldas, Luisa G.
year	2005
title	Three-Dimensional Shape Generation of Low-Energy Architectural Solutions using Pareto Genetic Algorithms
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2005.647
source	Digital Design: The Quest for New Paradigms [23nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-3-2] Lisbon (Portugal) 21-24 September 2005, pp. 647-654
summary	This paper extends on a previous work on the application of a Generative Design System [GDS] to the evolution, in a computational environment, of three-dimensional architectural solutions that are energy-efficient and adapted to the climatic environment where they are located. The GDS combines a well-known building energy simulation software [DOE2.1E] with search procedures based on Genetic Algorithms and on Pareto optimization techniques, successfully allowing to tackle complex multi-objective problems. In the experiments described, architectural solutions based on a simplified layout were generated in response to two often-conflicting requirements: improving the use of daylighting in the space, while controlling the amount of energy loss through the building fabric. The choice of a cold climate like Chicago provided an adequate framework for studying the role of these opposing forces in architectural form generation. Analysis of results shows that building characteristics that originate successful solutions extend further than the building envelope. Issues of massing, aspect ratio, surface-to-volume ratio, orientation, and others, emerge from the analysis of solutions generated by the GDS, playing a significant role in dictating whether a given architectural form will prove adapted to its climatic and energy requirements. Results suggest that the questions raised by the exploration of form generation driven by environmental concerns are complex, deserving the pursuit of further experiments, in order to better understand the interaction of variables that the evolutionary process congregates.
keywords	Generative Design System, Genetic Algorithms, Evolutionary Architecture, Artificial Intelligence in Design, Building Energy Simulation, Bioclimatic Architecture, Environmental Design.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	ijac20053305
id	ijac20053305
authors	de Almeida, Clarissa Ribeiro Pereira; Pratschke, Anja; La Rocca, Renata
year	2005
title	In-between and Through:Architecture and Complexity
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 3 - no. 3, 335-354
summary	This paper draws on current research on complexity and design process in architecture and offers a proposal for how architects might bring complex thought to bear on the understanding of design process as a complex system, to understand architecture as a way of organizing events, and of organizing interaction. Our intention is to explore the hypothesis that the basic characteristics of complex systems – emergence, nonlinearity, self-organization, hologramaticity, and so forth – can function as effective tools for conceptualization that can usefully extend the understanding of the way architects think and act throughout the design process. To illustrate the discussions, we show how architects might bring complex thought inside a transdisciplinary design process by using models such as software engineering diagrams, and three-dimensional modeling network environments such as media to integrate, connect and 'trans–act'.
series	journal
more	http://www.ingentaconnect.com/search/expand?pub=infobike://mscp/ijac/2005/00000003/00000003/art00006
last changed	2007/03/04 07:08

_id	2005_055
id	2005_055
authors	Moloney, Jules
year	2005
title	Game Engines and Virtual Design Studios
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2005.055
source	Digital Design: The Quest for New Paradigms [23nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-3-2] Lisbon (Portugal) 21-24 September 2005, pp. 55-62
summary	A discussion of the outcomes from the use of a game engine based collaborative virtual environment for virtual design studios. By way of introduction the use of a game engine is positioned between the high end visualization capabilities of immersive VR, and the high dimensional accuracy of 3D CAD. Software development, which address problems related to content creation and communication lag, are reported. This is supplemented with a more general discussion of the motivations for design collaboration between architectural schools. We confer with other researchers that lack of engagement is more related to pedagogy, then as a result of technical issues. In conclusion we discuss the potential of game play to enhance virtual design studios in terms of engagement and deliberation
keywords	Collaborative Virtual Environments, Game Engines, Pedagogy
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	cf2005_1_35_162
id	cf2005_1_35_162
authors	PALMON Orit, OXMAN Rivka, SHAHAR Meir and WEISS Patrice L.
year	2005
title	Virtual Environments in Design and Evaluation
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2005 [Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 1-4020-3460-1] Vienna (Austria) 20–22 June 2005, pp. 145-154
summary	One of the major challenges facing the professionals involved in the home modification process is to succeed in adapting the environments in a way that enables an optimal fit between the individual and the setting in which he or she operates. The challenge originates primarily from the fundamental characteristic of design - one can see and test the final result of home modifications only after they have been completed. The goal of this study was to address this problem by developing and evaluating an interactive living environments model, HabiTest, which will facilitate the planning, design and assessment of optimal home and work settings for people with physical disabilities. This paper describes the HabiTest tool, an interactive model that has been implemented via an immersive virtual reality system which displays three-dimensional renderings of specific environments, and which responds to user-driven manipulations such as navigation within the environment and alteration of its design. Initial results of a usability evaluation of this interactive environment by users are described.
keywords	accessibility, environmental-modifications, 3D simulation, barrier-free design
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2006/11/07 07:27

_id	caadria2006_573
id	caadria2006_573
authors	WEN-YEN TANG, SHENG-KAI TANG
year	2006
title	THE DEVELOPMENT OF A TACTILE MODELING INTERFACE
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2006.x.o8n
source	CAADRIA 2006 [Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Kumamoto (Japan) March 30th - April 2nd 2006, 573-575
summary	Recently, more and more researchers dedicated in the development of human computer interaction for CAD systems, such as gestural input of three dimensional coordinates (Lee, Hu, and Selker, 2005), flexible manipulation of NURBS objects (Cohen, Markosian, Zeleznik, Hughes, and Barzel, 1999; Emmerik, 1990), and the creation of force feedback (Wu, 2003). These research results indicated that the more intuitive control the device can provide in modeling process, the more creative solutions can be generated (Lee, Hu, and Selker, 2005; Schweikardt and Gross, 2000; Wu, 2003).
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:49

_id	cf2005_1_69_73
id	cf2005_1_69_73
authors	BEILHARZ Kirsty
year	2005
title	Responsive Sensate Environments: Past and Future Directions
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2005 [Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 1-4020-3460-1] Vienna (Austria) 20–22 June 2005, pp. 361-370
summary	This paper looks at ways in which recent developments in sensing technologies and gestural control of data in 3D space provide opportunities to interact with information. Social and spatial data, the utilisation of space, flows of people and dense abstract data lend themselves to visual and auditory representation to enhance our understanding of socio-spatial patterns. Mapping information to visualisation and sonification leads to gestural interaction with information representation, dissolving the visibility and tangibility of traditional computational interfaces and hardware. The purpose of this integration of new technologies is to blur boundaries between computational and spatial interaction and to transform building spaces into responsive, intelligent interfaces for display and information access.
keywords	responsive environments, sensate space, sonification, visualisation, gestural controllers
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2006/11/07 07:27

_id	2005_763
id	2005_763
authors	Beilharz, Kirsty
year	2005
title	Architecture as the Computer Interface: 4D Gestural Interaction with Socio-Spatial Sonification
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2005.763
source	Digital Design: The Quest for New Paradigms [23nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-3-2] Lisbon (Portugal) 21-24 September 2005, pp. 763-770
summary	Architecture today extends far beyond designing building shells and material, peripheral boundaries. Arguably, it has always been, and shifts increasingly in contemporary environments towards, designing space and interaction with space. Hence, the role of the designer includes integration of computing in architecture through ambient display and non-tactile interaction. This paper explores a framework in which the architecture is the computer interface to information sonification. (Sonification is automatically generated representation of information using sound). The examples in this paper are Emergent Energies, demonstrating a socio-spatially responsive generative design in a sensate environment enabled by pressure mats; Sensor-Cow using wireless gesture controllers to sonify motion; and Sonic Kung Fu which is an interactive sound sculpture facilitated by video colour-tracking. The method in this paper connects current information sonification methodologies with gesture controller capabilities to complete a cycle in which gestural, non-tactile control permutes and interacts with automatically-generated information sonification. Gestural pervasive computing negotiates space and computer interaction without conventional interfaces (keyboard/mouse) thus freeing the user to monitor or display information with full mobility, without fixed or expensive devices. Integral computing, a blurring of human-machine boundaries and embedding communication infrastructure, ambient display and interaction in the fabric of architecture are the objectives of this re-thinking.
keywords	Interactive Sonification, Gesture Controllers, Responsive Spaces, SpatialSound
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	2005_427
id	2005_427
authors	Jakovich, Joanne and Beilharz, Kirsty
year	2005
title	Multimodal Spatial Emergence in the Design of Sensate Spaces
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2005.427
source	Digital Design: The Quest for New Paradigms [23nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-3-2] Lisbon (Portugal) 21-24 September 2005, pp. 427-432
summary	Design of reactive, intelligent and sensate spaces is a form of spatial design that demands creating thinking in terms of non-permanent, non-tactile and sometimes non-visual media. This implies spatial conceptualization using sensory modalities that are ordinarily of secondary importance to vision in design, such as proprioception and hearing. This paper explores these alternative modalities for both spatial perception and spatial expression with a view to developing innovative interfaces for spatial design. Computer games and installation art environments are analyzed for use of alternative spatial immersion techniques. This informs a physical spatial interaction environment. Motion-capture input and digital auditory output provide real-time, intuitive feedback to the user. Useful interaction strategies are acquired that can be used in a non-intrusive manner in sensate spaces for communal, commercial, or public contexts.
keywords	Spatial Emergence; Multimodal Perception; Computer Games; Installation Art; Auditory Feedback
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	sigradi2005_333
id	sigradi2005_333
authors	Koutamanis, Alexander
year	2005
title	Group design evaluation
source	SIGraDi 2005 - [Proceedings of the 9th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Lima - Peru 21-24 november 2005, vol. 1, pp. 333-337
summary	Architectural visualization refers not only to the bulk of documents produced in the externalization of design representations but also to a major component of design communication and decision-taking. The paper focuses on the use of visualization in group design processes, i.e. processes typically involving the issues of common authorship, multi-actor design and intensive interaction between different aspects. It proposes that effective group design visualization requires hybrid environments that combine digital and analogue media in unobtrusive and efficient support structures. Registration of design information in group visualization refers primarily to two complementary dimensions: the syntagmatic (the sequence of actions that produce an image) and the paradigmatic (the collection of graphic primitives in the image). Recording syntagmatic information (i.e. who drew what and when) is essential for disentangling the usually dense results of group visualization and for distinguishing between actors, aspects and alternatives.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:54

_id	55c9
id	55c9
authors	Yehuda Kalay, Gokce Kinayoglu, Seung Wook Kim
year	2005
title	Spatio-Temporally Navigable Representation and Communication of Urban Cultural Heritage
source	Proceedings: VSMM 2005 International Conference on Virtual Systems and Multimedia
summary	Virtual environments are effective tools for the representation and communication of cultural heritage. We suggest that an interactive, immersive and dynamic navigation of the virtual representation of the urban environment will not only convey the essence of the culture and the changes it underwent in a more comprehensible manner, but will engender a 'sense of place'—genius loci— in the visitors. This cognitive mode will help them learn about much more than the geometry and materiality of the city: it will make them 'feel' part of the event itself. By presenting a socially shareable experience, we aim to introduce the medium the character of a genuine place, and make it a social venue for active exploration, discussion and interaction. Virtual reality surpasses both traditional media and 3D-models and offers what they cannot. The affordances of the medium, however, also have the potential to destroy the sense of place it strives to engender. It can do so by allowing a kind of ‘time travel,’ to different periods in the history of the site. This ability locates visitors not only spatially, but also temporally. Everyday experience helps us understand the meaning of spatial boundedness, but does not prepare us to deal with temporal boundedness: sensing the presence of fellow visitors at different times. In this paper we describe our experiences in producing spatio-temporally navigable virtual reconstructions of two distinct culturally significant historic sites: the neolithic village of Çatalhöyük, and the medieval city of Cairo. We demonstrate the use of spatio-temporal navigation through a dynamic, chronologically layered model that can be browsed by multiple users at the same time. Such a dynamic system for representing chronological architectural events requires the extension of our conception of place into the temporal domain. We introduce a new concept, temporal field of view (t-FOV) and discuss how it can aid us in resolving an intrinsic challenge introduced by the representation of the temporal dimension in virtual environments.
keywords	Multi-User Virtual Environments (MUVE), Cairo, cultural heritage, temporal representation, timeline
series	other
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2008/10/03 21:34

_id	acadia20_114p
id	acadia20_114p
authors	Zivkovic, Sasa; Havener, Brian; Battaglia, Christopher
year	2020
title	Log Knot
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume II: Projects [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95253-6]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by M. Yablonina, A. Marcus, S. Doyle, M. del Campo, V. Ago, B. Slocum. 114-119.
summary	Log Knot, developed by the Robotic Construction Laboratory (RCL) at Cornell University, is a robotically fabricated architectural installation that establishes a method for variable compound timber curvature creation utilizing both regular and irregular roundwood geometries. Moreover, the project develops methods for minimal formwork assembly and moment force optimization of customized mortise and tenon joints. Following the logic of a figure-8 knot, the project consists of an infinite loop of roundwood, curving three-dimensionally along its length. There are a variety of techniques to generate single curvature in wood structures – such as steam bending (Wright et al., 2013) or glue lamination (Issa and Kmeid, 2005) – but only a few techniques to generate complex curvature from raw material within a single wooden structural element exist. To construct complex curvature, the research team developed a simple method that can easily be replicated. First, the log is compartmentalized, establishing a series of discrete parts. Second, the parts are reconfigured into a complex curvature “whole” by carefully manipulating the assembly angles and joints between the logs. Timber components reconfigured in such a manner can either follow planar curvature profiles or spatial compound curvature profiles. Based on knowledge gained from the initial joinery tests, the research team developed a custom tri-fold mortise and tenon joint, which is self-supportive during assembly and able to resist bending in multiple directions. Using the tri-fold mortise and tenon joint, a number of full-scale prototypes were created to test the structural capacity of the overall assembly. Various structural optimization protocols are deployed in the Log Knot project. While the global knot form is derived from spatial considerations – albeit within the structurally sound framework of a closed-loop knot structure – the project is structurally optimized at a local level, closely calibrating structural cross-sections, joinery details, and joint rotation in relation to prevailing load conditions.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2021/10/26 08:03

_id	2005_163
id	2005_163
authors	Balakrishnan, Bimal, Kalisperis, Loukas N. and Muramoto, Katsuhiko
year	2005
title	Evaluating Workflow and Modeling Strategies of Pen Computing in the Beginning Architectural Design Studio
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2005.163
source	Digital Design: The Quest for New Paradigms [23nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-3-2] Lisbon (Portugal) 21-24 September 2005, pp. 163-170
summary	This paper investigates the impact of Tablet PCs on the workflow in an undergraduate design studio. We examined how well the students adapted the Tablet PC into their day-to-day design work and evaluated the appropriateness of the Tablet PC as a common digital tool used in an architectural design studio. This research involved observation of student behavior during the semester and the conducting of a survey measuring various aspects of the students’ use of the computers. A more specific goal was to compare the effectiveness of the pen versus the mouse as input devices for a three-dimensional modeling task in terms of both task time and strategies. Our assumption was that a change in input mode would affect the strategies and the performance. The results of a within-subjects, repeated-measures experiment carried out to elicit differences in input devices are discussed.
keywords	Digital Design Education; Human-Computer Interaction; 3D Modeling; Pen Computing; Task Analysis
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	acadia05_236
id	acadia05_236
authors	Brandt, Jordan
year	2005
title	Skin That Fits: Designing and constructing cladding systems with as-built structural data
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2005.236
source	Smart Architecture: Integration of Digital and Building Technologies [Proceedings of the 2005 Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design In Architecture / ISBN 0-9772832-0-8] Savannah (Georgia) 13-16 October 2005, pp. 236-245
summary	An awkward interface exists between the structure and skin of complex architecture. The primary structure is typically allowed much higher tolerance ranges than that of the cladding industry, due primarily to the delicate nature of the building envelope which, above all, must prevent water penetration and meet the aesthetic requirements of the architect and client. As architecture has integrated advanced design and fabrication techniques to realize increasingly complex shapes, this problem has been aggravated because of the tangency requirements for high gloss curved finish surfaces and the larger variations found with rolled steel columns and undulating concrete forms. To date, most innovations in this area have been focused upon mechanical connections that can be adjusted and shimmed, thus requiring increased design engineering and on-site labor costs for effective implementation. It would be preferable to manufacture cladding components that are properly adjusted to the actual site conditions, negating the need to predict and accommodate potential dimensional variation with complex connections. The research provides a model for implementing long distance laser scanning technology to facilitate a real-time parametric BIM, herein called an Isomodel.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	2005_665
id	2005_665
authors	Brito, Tiago, Fonseca, Manuel J. and Jorge, Joaquim A.
year	2005
title	DecoSketch – Towards Calligraphic Approaches to Interior Design
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2005.665
source	Digital Design: The Quest for New Paradigms [23nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-3-2] Lisbon (Portugal) 21-24 September 2005, pp. 665-670
summary	Computer-Aided Design tools have long played an important role in architecture design. However, we need to go beyond direct manipulation to devise new tools that will expedite the interior design and decoration. Indeed, conventional CAD systems, while providing ever increasing functionality, do not provide equal support to the drafting and drawing tasks. This makes even the simplest drawings a complicated endeavor. Draftspeople struggle with different concepts that those learnt from their earlier days in school and have to think long and hard to translate familiar sequences of operations to commands which require navigating a dense jungle of menus. The term calligraphic interfaces was coined by us to designate a large family of applications organized around the drawing paradigm, using a digital stylus and a tablet-and-screen combination as seen most recently in Tablet PCs®. Using these, users can enter drawings in a natural manner, largely evocative of drafting techniques that were perfected for pencil-and-paper media. This paper presents a simple calligraphic interface to explore interior design literally from the ground up. The Decosketch application is a modeling and visualization tool structured around 2 _D architectural plants. Its purpose is to help architects or customers easily creating and navigating through house designs starting from the floorplan and moving to their three-dimensional representation. Moreover, both 2D and 3D representations can be independently edited, providing a natural interface that tries to adhere to well-known representations and idioms used by architects when drafting using pencil and paper.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	sigradi2005_344
id	sigradi2005_344
authors	Bustos, Gabriela I. L.; Iván V. Burgos P., Javier Oliva
year	2005
title	Multi-user virtual worlds: 3D interactive visualization in synthetic environments for design workshops
source	SIGraDi 2005 - [Proceedings of the 9th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Lima - Peru 21-24 november 2005, vol. 1, pp. 344-349
summary	The goal of this research is to describe a methodology of architectural design by using digital technology with three-dimensional interactive simulation in multi-user virtual worlds. In addition, this study will focus on the application of this method in the workshops at the School of Architecture in the University of Zulia. With this proposal, it is possible to integrate many users, in real time, from different locations on the same virtual world in Internet. In the same way, each visitor is able to interact and modify the virtual world using virtual menus while sharing ideas or modifications regarding the design of the project. This strategy allows modeling, visualizing, developing and evaluating the designed projects during the conceptual and parametric phase in the process of design. This application is a powerful tool to develop creativity and skills of spatial perception among the students. [Full paper in Spanish]
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	cf2005_1_22_147
id	cf2005_1_22_147
authors	CHAN Chiu-Shui, DANG Anrong and TONG Ziyu
year	2005
title	A 3D Model of the Inner City of Beijing
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2005 [Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 1-4020-3460-1] Vienna (Austria) 20–22 June 2005, pp. 63-72
summary	This study has two major concentrations: 1) exploring methods of creating a digital city model, and 2) applying the model to study urban spatial structure, an issue of particular interest and importance to urban planners. Based on existing studies that primarily address two-dimensional (2D) urban structure, this paper focuses on the three-dimensional (3D) structure relating to the 3D urban form. Given their greater clarity and possibilities for quantitative analysis, both 3D digital urban models and GIS spatial overlay analysis methods hold tremendous potential for analysing and predicting future urban form. In this project, the Xidan Business District in Beijing's Inner City was the area selected to implement the digital-city application. Under the hypothesis that the existing urban spatial structure is determined by the city's urban planning scheme and current urban marketing forces, it is found that actual urban development does not follow the planning restrictions on zoning and building height regulations. Some contradictions and conflicts, such as building location and height, appeared in the studied district. The specific reasons for the discrepancies need to be further studied.
keywords	3D city modeling, GIS, remote sensing, virtual environments
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2006/11/07 07:27

_id	caadria2005_b_3c_a
id	caadria2005_b_3c_a
authors	Christopher Lowry
year	2005
title	Making Understanding: Research in the application of virtual environments in the teaching of architectural design and technology
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2005.093
source	CAADRIA 2005 [Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / ISBN 89-7141-648-3] New Delhi (India) 28-30 April 2005, vol. 2, pp. 93-101
summary	This paper describes how the application of interactive three dimensional computer modelling enables students of architecture to gain a comprehensive insight into how buildings are made. An intimate exploration of what can be, in the student’s perception, a lacklustre subject area is revitalized through the use of virtual building models and introduces the student to the potentials of this medium in communicating their own design work. In addition the published case studies are navigated as one would a web site which is a familiar and comfortable format for the student. Original working drawings and specification provided by architects are utilised in generating detailed three dimensional virtual models of the complete building along with larger scale detail studies of particular building components. The models are then animated or transferred to VRML format for publication within interactive case studies. The case studies may be accessed via the department server for use by staff during lectures and seminars or informally by the individual student.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	sigradi2005_738
id	sigradi2005_738
authors	Gatermann, Harald
year	2005
title	Educational Parcours for Architectural Photography
source	SIGraDi 2005 - [Proceedings of the 9th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Lima - Peru 21-24 november 2005, vol. 2, pp. 738-742
summary	Our didactical concept is based on the idea of simulating photographical techniques by using a set of mock-up situations, created with a common CAAD- and visualisation-software (Artlantis).The didactic program (and the mock-up-“parcours“) starts with a two-dimensional object, found on different places in the city or on the campus: an „advertising panel“. With any kind of camera it is possible to take a picture of sufficient quality. When taking the real photo, students have to deal with different points of view, different inclinations of the camera and different zoom-adjustments. When they present their results in digital form, they also have to deal with disappointments in form of distortions of their lenses. The CAD-model of the same situation (professional photographers use the terminus, mock-up“) shows parallels in using different points of view, different zoom-adjustments. Our experience in using this kind of mock-up-simulation is very positive: students develop a new sight to things and procedures which intensifies their consciousness and their knowledge of photographical and architectural situations.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:52

_id	2005_743
id	2005_743
authors	Hofmeyer, Herm, Rutten, Harry and Fijneman, Henk
year	2005
title	Improving Design using Autonomous Spatial and Structural Generators
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2005.743
source	Digital Design: The Quest for New Paradigms [23nd eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-3-2] Lisbon (Portugal) 21-24 September 2005, pp. 743-750
summary	During a building design process, a structural designer transforms a spatial design into a structural design and this structural system can be improved by optimisation methods or expert views of other structural designers. The improved structural system allows the architect a new spatial design, which can be transformed or altered again by the architect. This design cycle can be repeated several times and is defined as interaction of spatial and structural design. Case studies are used to demonstrate that this interaction occurs in practice and is needed to improve building quality. This paper presents a program with more or less autonomous spatial and structural generators. Each generator will facilitate one direction in the interaction process. Then using both consecutively leads to a design method that provides interaction between spatial and structural design. For the spatial generator, named “room positioning with structural constraints” a space allocation technique is used including constraints that handle structural boundary conditions. A zone generator based on pattern recognition and shape grammars handle the structural design. A Prolog-2 program was developed to demonstrate the application of the two proposed generators. “Zone generation” is performed per building storey and thus represents a horizontal two-dimensional procedure. Similarly “room positioning with structural constraints” is a planar vertical operation. In future these procedures can be made three-dimensional.
keywords	Spatial Design, Structural Design, Interaction, Case Study, Data Model.
series	eCAADe
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last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

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