CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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Hits 1 to 20 of 327

_id caadria2006_007
id caadria2006_007
authors TOYO ITO
year 2006
title CHANGE THE GEOMETRY TO CHANGE THE ARCHITECTURE
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2006.x.e8f
source CAADRIA 2006 [Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Kumamoto (Japan) March 30th - April 2nd 2006, 7-18
summary Over these last hundred years since the beginning of the twentieth century, the world's population has increased from 1.6 billion to 6 billion. At the same time, people have concentrated in urban areas in ever greater numbers. As a result, society has suddenly been obliged to construct quantities of buildings rapidly and economically. In responding to this challenge, the demand has been for architecture independent of any special regional or environmental character, simple homogeneous spaces that could be factory-produced. Modernist architecture gave theoretical bases to societal demands as well as a normalized aesthetic mean. Under the ideological banner of Mies van der Rohe's dictum "Less is more," the Modernists drew up beautiful continuous spaces on a uniform grid. While Le Corbusier's assertion that "The house is a machine for living in" found concrete expression in an idealized architecture of pure geometric forms--circles, cubes, cylinders.
series CAADRIA
last changed 2022/06/07 07:49

_id ddss2006-hb-221
id DDSS2006-HB-221
authors Selma Celikyay
year 2006
title Research on New Residential Areas Using GIS - A case study
source Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Innovations in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Springer, ISBN-10: 1-4020-5059-3, ISBN-13: 978-1-4020-5059-6, p. 221-233
summary Planning is a decision-making process which is about 'the future'. In each scale of planning process, spatial rules of the social life are formed. In this process, firstly series of spatial analyses should be practised. Throughout the world, spatial planning strategies which focus on the sustainable development adapt an ecological approach and both the regional and urban planning processes are based upon ecological bases. Under the guidance of this notion, also in Turkey, spatial planning strategies should be urgently reviewed and any level of planning process should be directed to ecological bases. Furthermore, in all these steps, natural resources and ecological characteristics should be taken into consideration. In the city of Bartin, where Bartin River flows through, a case study has been carried out regarding the above mentioned planning strategies. The case study has three stages. These stages also frame the data, analysis and evaluation stages. In the case study, a combination of McHarg's ecological evaluation method and Kiemstedt's usage value analysis in planning has been employed. With the help of ecological analyses, in the rural areas that have not been settled yet, the potential of the natural resources has been examined for the new residential areas. As a result, in the city of Bartin, the potential residential areas have been defined on the unsettled regions. What is more, concerning the subject, a map has been formed on the scale of 1/25 000. As a result of the case study, it has been concluded that in Bartin city because of the physical planning which ignores the potential of the natural resources, some of the existing residential areas have been chosen improperly.
keywords Decision support systems, Ecological analysis, Geographical information systems, Residential areas, Spatial analysis
series DDSS
last changed 2006/08/29 12:55

_id 2006_664
id 2006_664
authors Balakrishnan, Bimal; Loukas N. Kalisperis and S. Shyam Sundar
year 2006
title Capturing Affect in Architectural Visualization - A Case for integrating 3-dimensional visualization and psychophysiology
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2006.664
source Communicating Space(s) [24th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-5-9] Volos (Greece) 6-9 September 2006, pp. 664-669
summary Envisioning architectural experience afforded by a building under design has been difficult due to two reasons. One is simulating the space in full scale, eliminating the need to take a mental leap commonly required of abstract smaller scale representations. Second challenge is in fully capturing the affective experience, which is often subtle in nature. This paper suggests that 3-dimensional visualization - particularly immersive virtual reality can overcome the first challenge. In addition, psychophysiological measures such as facial electromyography (EMG) and electrodermal activity (EDA) can be used to capture the affective component of the architectural experience. We suggest that by taking advantage of these technologies together, one can better simulate and empirically understand the nature of architectural experience.
keywords Architectural visualization; virtual reality; psychophysiology; electrodermal activity (EDA); facial electromyography (EMG)
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id ascaad2006_paper29
id ascaad2006_paper29
authors Bennadji, A. and A. Bellakha
year 2006
title Evaluation of a Higher Education Self-learning Interface
source Computing in Architecture / Re-Thinking the Discourse: The Second International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2006), 25-27 April 2006, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
summary This paper is a follow-up to a previous paper published in ASCAAD 2004 (A. Bennadji et al 2005). The latter reported on CASD (Computer Aided Sustainable Design) a self-learning educational interface which assists the various building’s actors in their design with a particular attention to the aspect of energy saving. This paper focuses on the importance of software evaluation and how the testing is done to achieve a better human-machine interaction. The paper will go through the summative evaluation of CASD, presents the output of this evaluation and addresses the challenge facing software developers: how to make an interface accessible to all users and specifically students in higher education.
series ASCAAD
email
last changed 2007/04/08 19:47

_id acadia06_251
id acadia06_251
authors d’Estrée Sterk, Tristan
year 2006
title Shape Change in Responsive Architectural Structures: Current Reasons & Challenge
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2006.251
source Synthetic Landscapes [Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture] pp. 251-260
summary Shape control within architectural structures is a natural extension to the practice of engineering and architectural design. The knowledge needed for it’s development builds upon two well understood foundations: 1) the long existing knowledge that building performance and function are intimately connected to the shape of built spaces; and 2) the relatively new idea that embedded computational systems may be employed to control devices in useful and beautiful ways. When combined, each type of knowledge can be used to further architecture and engineering at both theoretical and methodological levels. Structural shape control is of major interest within architecture because it is the primary ingredient needed to produce building envelopes that change shape. Structural shape control also currently represents a major technological and methodological stumbling block for architects, posing many challenges that have theoretical and practical origins. Theoretically, responsive architectural structures demand a re-evaluation of existing notions of space making. Practically, these systems demand a re-evaluation of construction and design methodologies across both engineering and architectural practice.
series ACADIA
type normal paper
email
more admin
last changed 2022/06/07 07:55

_id ijac20064106
id ijac20064106
authors Kilian, Axel
year 2006
title Design innovation through constraint modeling
source International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 4 - no. 1, 87-105
summary In this paper we describe how constraint modeling can support design innovation. Furthermore, we lay out how constraints are employed in the construction and exploration of a model's design space. We place the approach within the context of design exploration using computational and conceptual representations of design. A review of the literature reveals that geometric, topologic, functional, and quantitative constraints are those most commonly used. For each constraint type, an example is presented drawing from several workshops and research conducted by the author. The examples range from product design, to structural design, to fabrication issues in freeform geometry. Based on the case studies, we describe how the different types of constraints can be used as design drivers and help in the exploration of solution spaces. In conclusion, we identify the need for bidirectional exercising of constraints as the next challenge in design exploration and discuss how it is relevant in particular for cross domain design.
keywords Design Exploration; Constraint Modeling; Parametric Modeling
series journal
email
more http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/mscp/ijac/2006/00000004/00000001/art00007
last changed 2007/03/04 07:08

_id 2006_464
id 2006_464
authors Mullins, Michael; Tadeja Zupancic, Christian Kühn, Paul Coates and Orhan Kipcak
year 2006
title V I PA: A virtual campus for virtual space design
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2006.464
source Communicating Space(s) [24th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-5-9] Volos (Greece) 6-9 September 2006, pp. 464-469
summary The conceptual design of virtual spaces is creating new places in which to live and work. In consequence, new opportunities for work and employment are opening up for architects as well as for architectural educators. In response to this challenge, VIPA, a transnational virtual campus is currently being developed; it contains an e-learning and research platform for European architectural schools with a focus on virtual space design. The virtual campus integrates administrative, curricular, and communicative infrastructures, interactive, multimedia 3-D contents, and pedagogical considerations in respect of the aims, content and technologies employed. Virtual campuses are already established at most universities in the European Community, yet surprisingly e-learning is not yet widespread in architectural schools in Europe. E-learning is arguably still in an initial research phase; although there are best practice examples where e-learning is already replacing traditional study forms in other teaching disciplines. However, it has been found that although all the universities involved in the VIPA project have been involved in e-learning projects for many years, there is a considerable resistance to e-learning as being equally effective as traditional face-to-face studio teaching. Given the new virtual conditions of space design however, new contexts for learning are increasingly relevant. University curricula have developed out of local competencies, networks of teachers and researchers. These local factors need to be woven into the fabric of a transnational VIPA curriculum and supported with organizational layout, platform, user interfaces and their features. Participants will offer existing courses in virtual space design, as well as developing new ones. This offers the option for both present and future participants to adjust the VIPA courseware to suit local curricula demands, while offering a large range of courses and knowledge. An additional feature of VIPA is thus as a platform for curricula development in virtual space design. The paper reports on the VIPA project’s aims, pedagogical problems, solutions, course content and methods; it will describe prototype results from participating universities and include perspectives on its future application.
keywords Architectural Education; E-Learning; Virtual Space
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:59

_id cf2011_p003
id cf2011_p003
authors Ng, Edward; Ren Chao
year 2011
title Sustainable Planning with a Synergetic Collation of Thermal and Dynamic Characteristics of Urban Climate using Map Based Computational Tools
source Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 367-382.
summary Since 2006, half of the world’s population lives in cities. In the age of climate change, designing for quality environmental living conditions and sustainability is a topical concern. However, on the one hand, designers and city planners operate with their three dimensional city morphological data such as building shapes and volumes, forms and their spacings, and functional attributes and definition signatures. On the other hand, urban climatologists operate with their numbers and equations, quantities and signals, and normals and anomalies. Traditionally the two camps do not meet. It is a challenge to develop design tools that they can work together. Map based information system based on computational geographic information system (GIS) that is properly structured and represented offers a common language, so to speak, for the two professional groups to work together. Urban climatic map is a spatial and graphical tool with information embedded in defined layers that are collated so that planners and urban climatologists can dialogue over design issues. With various planning and meteorological data coded in defined grid resolutions onto the GIS map system, data can be synergized and collated for various understandings. This papers explains the formulation of Hong Kong’s GIS based Urban Climatic Map as an example of how the map works in practice. Using the map, zonal and district based planning decisions can be made by planners and urban climatologists that lead to new designs and policy changes.
keywords sustainable development, urban planning, urban thermal, urban dynamics, computer tools
series CAAD Futures
email
last changed 2012/02/11 19:21

_id acadia06_550
id acadia06_550
authors SHoP Architects
year 2006
title Houston Street Project
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2006.550
source Synthetic Landscapes [Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture] pp. 550-552
summary The Houston Street Project poses a far greater challenge to information management than its relatively small size seems to imply. This high-end residential development, located in an up-and-coming New York neighborhood, negotiates an incredibly complex set of rules and relationships, such as: irregular site geometry, proximity to MTA tunnels, and ‘special district’ codes, where the use of masonry was required. Masonry implies a monolithic treatment of the facade, yet panelization, due to cost, demands that fabrication dictates the design. The model, then, required us to know the location of every brick on the facade, for not a one could overhang any of its adjacent neighbors by more than 3/4” at any given point.
series ACADIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:56

_id 8b29
id 8b29
authors Chaszar, A. (ed.), Burry, M., Eliassen, T., Garofalo, D., Glymph, J., Hesselgren, L., Jonkhans, N., Kienzl, N., Kloft, H., Maher, A., Mueller, V., Palmer, A., Reuss, S., Schuler, M., Schwitter, C., Sharples, C., Sharples, W., Shea, K., Stoller, P., Takemori, T., Woodger, N.
year 2006
title Blurring the Lines: Computer-Aided-Design and -Manufacturing in Architecture
source Wiley-Academy, London 224 pp. Architecture in Practice series
summary The first few years of the 21st century have seen a revolution in the ways that we think about designing and making buildings. In no other area is this more apparent than in the interface of computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacture (CAM). The potential blurring or assimilation of these two systems holds the still elusive but golden promise of a direct, smooth transference of design data into large-scale production facilities in which components are directly cut, modelled and moulded. How far off are we from seeing the widespread adoption of this technology? What is the potential for CAD/CAM beyond tailor-made forms? In the future, what is the possibility of complex, large-scale forms being run out in mass-customised buildings?
keywords associative geometry, auralization, CNC, collaborative design, generative design, parametric design, simulation, visualization
series book
type normal paper
email
last changed 2006/06/12 23:35

_id 872b
id 872b
authors Christenson, Mike
year 2006
title Capabilities and Limitations of Autodesk Revit in a Construction Technology Course
source Building Technology Educators' Symposium Proceedings (ISBN 9780615249117), pp. 55-62
summary This paper describes the introduction of Autodesk Revit within a construction technology course, co-instructed by this paper's author, and offered to first-year professional M. Arch. students at the University of Minnesota in spring semester 2006.
keywords parametric
series other
type normal paper
email
last changed 2010/01/12 12:47

_id sigradi2006_k004
id sigradi2006_k004
authors Dutta Madhu C.
year 2006
title The Myth of Cyberspace: Towards a New Technopolis
source SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 41-44
summary Professor Madhu C. Dutta has worked professionally as an urban planner and architect and was an Assistant Professor of Architecture at the University of Texas at San Antonio before coming to Wentworth. She teaches a broad range of courses, from design studio and architectural history through digital media and advanced computer applications for architectural design. Some of her most significant works include a city-wide urban riverfront design project in Varanasi, India, and “Solar Sails” a renewable energy design for the U.S. Department of Energy competition (2000) for which she was awarded the second prize among 110 entries. She has presented her scholarly work at conferences in Asia, Europe, Latin America, and the U.S. Her research interests are eclectic; she has recently been exploring the expansion of our notions of architectural space to include hybridized and virtual milieus in the “new frontier” of digital architecture. Professor Dutta is deeply committed to the creative and performing arts as well. She studied and performed Indian classical dance for sixteen years. She holds a BArch from the Manipal Institute of Technology of Mangalore University, and a Master’s in Architecture, specializing in Urban Design, from the University of Texas at Austin.
keywords Technopolis, cyberspace, future, digital society
series SIGRADI
type keynote paper
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:50

_id 5094
id 5094
authors d’Estrée Sterk, Tristan
year 2006
title Responsive Architecture: User-centered Interactions within the Hybridized Model of Control
source Proceedings of the GAME, SET, MATCH II, conference at the Technical University of Delft, Netherlands, 29 March - 1 April 2006, pp. 494-501
summary In the September 1969 issue of Architectural Design, Andrew Rabeneck wrote about the use of cybernetic devices within an automated architecture. He hypothesized that the concept of ‘flexibility’ was introduced to architecture because existing building technologies were inherently inflexible. He argued that architects should use cybernetic technologies to produce completely new types of increasingly flexible, user-centred, buildings.

Three years later, Yona Friedman wrote about the changing relationship between clients and architects. He said that a new design methodology was needed because architects could not assess the future spatial needs of building users accurately enough. Proposing a new model, he split architectural design in two complementary halves, hardware design and software design, reasoning that this would give users the opportunity to adapt built spaces to suit their needs.

Both of these ideas describe approaches to the production of an architecture that can change shape and configuration in response to changing patterns of use. Rabeneck’s approach illustrates the benefit of predictive technologies and automation, while Friedman’s model illustrates the benefit of user intervention and direct manipulation. This paper discusses developments in the field of responsive architecture in relation to two opposing user-centred interaction methodologies. It proposes methods for controlling responsive buildings and suggests that human computer interaction methodologies need to be re-thought and extended when applied within intelligent, responsive, architectures.

keywords Responsive architecture, User-centred design, HCI, Intelligent buildings
series other
type normal paper
email
more admin
last changed 2017/04/10 13:08

_id 2006_058
id 2006_058
authors Fukuda, Tomohiro; Kazuhiro Sakata; Wookhyun Yeo and Atsuko Kaga
year 2006
title Development and Evaluation of a Close-range View Representation Method of Natural Elements in a Real-time Simulation for Environmental Design - Shadow, Grass, and Water Surface
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2006.058
source Communicating Space(s) [24th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-5-9] Volos (Greece) 6-9 September 2006, pp. 58-65
summary In this research, a close-range view expression method used in real-time simulation based on virtual reality technology is developed for environmental design evaluation. After describing the purpose and accuracy of representation, the problem of natural element representation in a close-range view, which has not been developed yet, is clarified. Next, the close-range view expression method of shadows, grass, and water surface is developed. Furthermore, the developed method is applied to a number of actual environmental design projects, and frame rate measurement and user evaluation are performed.
keywords Environmental Design; Real-time Simulation; Virtual Reality; Consensus-building; Representation of natural elements
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id 2006_084
id 2006_084
authors Fukuda, Tomohiro; Masahiro Kawaguchi; Wookhyun Yeo and Atsuko Kaga
year 2006
title Development of the Environmental Design Tool "Tablet MR" on-site by Mobile Mixed Reality Technology
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2006.084
source Communicating Space(s) [24th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-5-9] Volos (Greece) 6-9 September 2006, pp. 84-87
summary As a tool for carrying out environmental design study on planned construction site (on-site), the "Tablet MR" system adapting MR (Mixed Reality) technology is designed, and a prototype system is developed. Tablet PC, RTK-GPS, 3D motion sensor, and a live camera are unified, and VR image is compounded on live video image. A use scene is assumed after performing system design, mounting, and accuracy verification.
keywords Mixed Reality; Mobile Computing; Environmental Design; On-site Design Tool; GPS
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id c8de
id c8de
authors Horne, Margaret; Hamza, Neveen
year 2006
title Integration of Virtual Reality within the Built Environment Curriculum
source ITCon Vol.11 pp. 311-324
summary Virtual Reality (VR) technology is still perceived by many as being inaccessible and cost prohibitive with VR applications considered expensive to develop as well as challenging to operate. This paper reflects on current developments in VR technologies and describes an approach adopted for its phased integration into the academic curriculum of built environment students. The process and end results of implementing the integration are discussed and the paper illustrates the challenges of introducing VR, including the acceptance of the technology by academic staff and students, interest from industry, and issues pertaining to model development. It sets out to show that fairly sophisticated VR models can now be created by non-VR specialists using commercially available software and advocates that the implementation of VR will increase alongside industry’s adoption of these tools and the emergence of a new generation of students with VR skills. The study shows that current VR technologies, if integrated appropriately within built environment academic programmes, demonstrate clear promise to provide a foundation for more widespread collaborative working environments.
keywords virtual reality, built environment, integration, academic curriculum
series journal paper
type normal paper
email
more http://itcon.org/2006/23/
last changed 2006/06/07 23:49

_id caadria2006_000
id caadria2006_000
authors Kaga, Atsuko; Naka, Ryusuhe (eds.)
year 2006
title CAADRIA '06
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2006
source Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (ISBN 4-907662-01-7 / Kumamoto, Japan) March 30th - April 2nd 2006, 649 p.
summary It is apparent that recent development of digital technology has shifted the paradigm of the socio-economic system of the world as well as the style of day-to-day communication in our lives, as professor Mitchell suggested in his book. In the field of architecture, there have been many prospective studies on the development and applications of digital technology to architectural design practice and education. However, the reactions of the architecture community to such technological development have been slower and weaker than researchers initially expected. Is this because developed technology has overlooked some of essential needs of the community while seeking tasks for itself or because present technology is still insufficiently developed to attract people to new ideas? One of Japan's great samurai sword masters, Musashi Miyamoto, spent the last years of his life in Kumamoto where he wrote The Book of Five Rings. The most important element of his work was his concept of rhythm and harmony; how all things are in harmony, and how by working with the rhythm of a situation we can turn it to our advantage with little effort. The conference aims to provide the participants with an opportunity to explore visions and ideas on the digital technology that could enhance Rhythm and Harmony in architectural design practice and education.
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:49

_id caadria2006_125
id caadria2006_125
authors NORIHIRO KAWASUMI, ARISA OOBA, YONG SUN
year 2006
title DEVELOPING DESIGN ARCHIVE AND VISUAL NAVIGATION INTERFACE FOR DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2006.x.e2k
source CAADRIA 2006 [Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Kumamoto (Japan) March 30th - April 2nd 2006, 125-132
summary The digital media is most convenient technologies to realize collaborative design environment on the world wide network. A lot of practical Virtual Design Studio projects have been already executed in the world and lots of researchers try to develop more efficient web-based design systems for Virtual Design Studio. On these systems, the digital bulletin board is generally used to support for group discussion and exchanging design proposals via the network. But it is only possible to store and refer design proposals on the web. Its interface and operation are not well-optimized for architectural design activities. Then we consider that it’s necessary to develop the design information archive and visual interface to support digital design activities. The APEX and VPB system is the integrated design environment and we report the results of our experimental design studio using with it.
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:49

_id ascaad2006_paper27
id ascaad2006_paper27
authors Nubani, Linda N.
year 2006
title Using Space Syntax Software in Explaining Crime
source Computing in Architecture / Re-Thinking the Discourse: The Second International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2006), 25-27 April 2006, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
summary Space syntax provides methods for analyzing spaces using recent developments in computer programs. This paper reports a study that was undertaken to investigate the role of space syntax in identifying geographical patterns of crime in Ypsilanti, Michigan. All the spaces in the city were analyzed using the Spatialist, a computer program developed by Georgia Tech. The Spatialist computes the accessibility level of all the spaces in a spatial system. Sociodemographic variables such as median income, racial composition, youth concentration and level of education were available from the U.S. Census. The crime report was obtained from the Ypsilanti Police Department and Eastern Michigan University. It includes data on four types of crime at an address level with the exact date and time. Both sociodemographic variables and crime data were merged with the Spatialist map using ArcGIS. The data was analyzed using SAS, an advanced statistical package. Findings showed strong relationships between attributes of space and crime locations.
series ASCAAD
email
last changed 2007/04/08 19:47

_id ed47
id ed47
authors Pektas S T, Pultar M
year 2006
title MODELLING DETAILED INFORMATION FLOWS IN BUILDING DESIGN WITH THE PARAMETER-BASED DESIGN STRUCTURE MATRIX
source Design Studies, 27(1), pp. 99-122
summary The Architecture/Engineering/Construction (AEC) industry is one of the multidisciplinary domains in which collaboration among related parties is of utmost importance. Despite the intense flow of information between design professionals, there is a lack of research to better understand and manipulate these flows. Most of the current process modelling tools in the AEC industry do not enable analyses of iterative information cycles. Moreover, these tools represent the process at high levels, thus, they are inadequate for multi-parameter problems like building design. With a view to alleviate these problems, this paper introduces the use of parameter-based design structure matrix as a process modelling and system analysis tool for building design. The method reveals insights into the process structure, optimum sequence of parameter decisions, iterative cycles and concurrency in the process. The application of the method is demonstrated through a case study on suspended ceiling design in a real-life project.
keywords design management; design processes; modelling; planning; information processing
series other
type normal paper
email
last changed 2005/12/01 15:47

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