Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	2006_206
id	2006_206
authors	Tunçer, Bige and Sevil Sariyildiz
year	2006
title	Design Analysis Network - An educational environment for architectural analysis
source	Communicating Space(s) [24th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-5-9] Volos (Greece) 6-9 September 2006, pp. 206-214
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2006.206
summary	Design Analysis Network (DAN) is a web-based environment for the construction and presentation of a body of architectural analyses in the context of a design studio. We use DAN in order to achieve an extensible and cooperative library of architectural design analyses; searchable by content, and instructional for coming generations of students. DAN also acts as a presentation environment for students, where they can present their analyses to their design instructors. DAN has been used in two iterations of instruction in the second year design studio at the Faculty of Architecture. After its use, we carried out an extensive evaluation of the use of DAN, its usefulness and how it fits into the educational process, in a laboratory environment. The evaluation results provided valuable insights. In this paper, we describe the DAN environment and its tools, and we discuss its use in the design studio. We also describe its evaluation process and results, the analysis of these results and their conclusion. We conclude with recommendations for improvement to the application and its implementation within the design studio.
keywords	Architectural analysis; conceptual design; extensible library; design studio education; precedent-based learning
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	ascaad2006_paper29
id	ascaad2006_paper29
authors	Bennadji, A. and A. Bellakha
year	2006
title	Evaluation of a Higher Education Self-learning Interface
source	Computing in Architecture / Re-Thinking the Discourse: The Second International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2006), 25-27 April 2006, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
summary	This paper is a follow-up to a previous paper published in ASCAAD 2004 (A. Bennadji et al 2005). The latter reported on CASD (Computer Aided Sustainable Design) a self-learning educational interface which assists the various building’s actors in their design with a particular attention to the aspect of energy saving. This paper focuses on the importance of software evaluation and how the testing is done to achieve a better human-machine interaction. The paper will go through the summative evaluation of CASD, presents the output of this evaluation and addresses the challenge facing software developers: how to make an interface accessible to all users and specifically students in higher education.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2007/04/08 19:47

_id	ijac20064101
id	ijac20064101
authors	Cheng, Nancy Yen-Wen
year	2006
title	Learning design sketching from animations and storyboards
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 4 - no. 1, 1-17
summary	A digital pen-and-paper system that generates stroke-by-stroke animations was used to compare the perception of interactive animations versus printed storyboards. Design students studied a space-planning example as either an animation or a storyboard and then emulated the example in doing a similar problem. Students viewing the animations rather than the storyboards performed marginally better in terms of matching the example steps and meeting design quality criteria. Students may understand the process of design sketching, but may lack the skills to copy the steps. Emulating the solution requires both cognitive skills and graphic facility. While beginners could logically organize spatial adjacencies, they often radically resized required program areas to streamline geometry. After organizing building spaces, they lacked the graphic conventions to articulate architectural features, so they could not copy refinement steps. Subjects at all levels used approximately the same number of strokes, with more productive sketching from advanced subjects.
keywords	Teaching with Technology; Sketching; Design Teaching; Pen-Based Computing
series	journal
email
more	http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/mscp/ijac/2006/00000004/00000001/art00002
last changed	2007/03/04 07:08

_id	sigradi2006_e172c
id	sigradi2006_e172c
authors	Donath, Dirk and González Böhme, Luis Felipe
year	2006
title	A Constraint-Based Building Bulk Design Support
source	SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 278-282
summary	We introduce an architecture practice-oriented implementation strategy of constraint-based methods called BDS (Building Bulk Design Support) to supporting bulk analysis during the architectural programming phase. We examine the optmization problem of site coverage and building massing according to a set of standard planning and zoning regulations, and try a problem solving approach based on the paradigm of constraint satisfaction problems. The case study, which is focused on the paticipatory planning of very low-income dwellings within the Latin American context, serves as testbed for a prototypical application of the adopted methodology. The BDS constitutes a novel approach on computer-aided bulk analysis, regarding this particularly relevant context of application. In the case of participatively planned low-income housing projects, efficiency regarding time and cost of planning directly affects dwellers’ quality of life, whereas elementary programming tasks such as bulk analysis lack appropriate state-of-the-art technological support. Traditional architectural planning methods demand a large domain-specific knowledge base and skillful planners. A planning process, which is mainly driven by the formulation of planning-relevant constraints and sets of solution alternatives, suggests to avoid architects’ traditional procedure of: 1. Create an (yet not necessarily valid) instance of the eventual design solution by directly choosing specific values for its shape parameters. 2. Evaluate its validity by confronting the designed model to a set of applicable constraints, which have to be satisfied. Instead, the constraint-based design methodology poses a search procedure that operates in a space of pertinent constraint sets. A computer-aided interactive search procedure to find more valid design solution alternatives in less time and with less effort is particularly qualified to supply efficient support for participatory planning activities carried out between dwellers and planners. The set of solutions for a building-bulk design problem is constrained by both a large complex system of planning and zoning regulations and the geometry of the eventual design solution itself. Given a considerable amount of such regulations, a regular size geometric constraint satisfaction system proved to be capable of providing a highly efficient, interactive modeling and evaluation tool for the formulation in real time of valid solution alternatives for an ordinary building-bulk design problem. A BDS implementation will constitute one system module of a larger integrated system model called Esther. A BDS tool shall interact with other functional modules, like e.g. the FLS (Floor plan Layout Support), which also uses constraint-based design methods.
keywords	constraint-based design; bulk analysis; participatory planning; low-income housing; design theory; design proces
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:50

_id	2006_014
id	2006_014
authors	Iordanova, Ivanka; Lorna Heaton and Manon Guité
year	2006
title	Architectural Design Spaces and Interpersonal Communication-Changes in Design Vocabulary and Language Expression
source	Communicating Space(s) [24th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-5-9] Volos (Greece) 6-9 September 2006, pp. 14-21
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2006.014
summary	This paper addresses communication during the design process and the mutations it may undergo depending on the medium of design. Three experimental observations were held with students in the context of architectural digital design studios. Each of them was performed when the students were working on a design problem, in groups of two or three, with different design mediums: cardboard mock-up or modeling software with one or two mice used for interaction with the computer. The methodology used for analysing the recorded video and graphical data is based on previous research work in the domains of collaborative communication as well as in the domain of design. It combines purely qualitative interpretation with graphical linkographic analysis. A software prototype was developed in order to allow for an interactive category assignment, exploration and interaction. Gesture, verbal language and design space are studied in order to determine their dependence on the medium and the eventual impact this might have either on the design process or on the object being designed.
keywords	Design communication; education; gesture
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	sigradi2006_e149b
id	sigradi2006_e149b
authors	Kendir, Elif
year	2006
title	Prêt-à-Construire – An Educational Inquiry into Computer Aided Fabrication
source	SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 162-165
summary	This paper aims to show and discuss the relevance of developing necessary strategies for reintegrating the concept of fabrication into the architectural design process. The discussion will be partly based on the outcome of a graduate architectural design studio conducted in Spring semester 2002-2003. The graduate studio was part of a series of exploratory studies conducted on the nature of architectural design process transformed by information technologies. Preceded by studios investigating cognition and representation, this last studio focused on the concept of fabrication. The overarching aim of the studio series was to put CAD and CAM in context both within the actual architectural design process and within architectural education. The last of this series, which will be discussed within the frame of this paper, has specifically focused on CAM and the concept of fabrication in architecture. In accordance with the nature of a design studio, the research was more methodological than technical. The studio derived its main inspiration from the constructional templates used in dressmaking, which can be considered as an initial model for mass customization. In this context, the recladding of Le Corbusier’s Maison Domino was given as the main design problem, along with several methodological constraints. The main constraint was to develop the design idea through constructional drawings instead of representational ones. The students were asked to develop their volumetric ideas through digital 3D CAD models while working out structural solutions on a physical 1/50 model of Maison Domino. There was also a material constraint for the model, where only specified types of non-structural paper could be used. At this stage, origami provided the working model for adding structural strength to sheet materials. The final outcome included the explanation of different surface generation strategies and preliminary design proposals for their subcomponents. The paper will discuss both the utilized methodology and the final outcome along the lines of the issues raised during the studio sessions, some of which could be decisive in the putting into context of CAD – CAM in architectural design process. One such issue is mass customization, that is, the mass production of different specific elements with the help of CAM technologies. Another issue is “open source” design, indicating the possibility of a do-it-yourself architecture, where architecture is coded as information, and its code can be subject to change by different designers. The final key issue is the direct utilization of constructional drawings in the preliminary design phase as opposed to representational ones, which aimed at reminding the designer the final phase of fabrication right from the beginning. Finally, the paper will also point at the problems faced during the conduct of the studio and discuss those in the context of promoting CAM for architectural design and production in countries where there is no actual utilization of these technologies for these purposes yet.
keywords	Education; Fabrication; CAM
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:53

_id	ddss2006-pb-373
id	DDSS2006-PB-373
authors	Rohan Bailey
year	2006
title	Towards a Digital Design Teaching Tool - A look at the ideas that should define a digital design primer
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Progress in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Eindhoven: Eindhoven University of Technology, ISBN-10: 90-386-1756-9, ISBN-13: 978-90-386-1756-5, p. 373-386
summary	Architecture in the 21st century has become an increasingly complex affair. In addition to new social and cultural norms, architects are inundated with constantly changing information regarding new materials, sustainable processes, and complex building types. This state of affairs has also affected the expectations placed on architectural education. Critics (in diverse spheres) have expressed concerns about the lack of requisite skills of graduates that characterise good design thinking strategies as well as promote responsible design. It has been proposed by this author in other forums that by using digital technology to empower design learning, we can allow students to confidently use (through reading and analysis) their sketches to develop conceptual ideas that reconcile disparate elements into a habitable, environmentally friendly and architecturally responsible whole that is fit for purpose, cost effective, sustainable and a delight to clients and users. This paper will seek to discuss one of the concepts that govern such a tool. It will start by delineating the problem (discussed earlier in the abstract) before outlining the concepts or principles that a design teaching tool should adhere to. These concepts acknowledge the importance for the tool to reflect the nature of design tasks, facilitate learning and be accessible to all learning types. The paper will then focus on one concept - the nature of design tasks. The subsequent sections will describe an information structure borne from this idea and make mention of a current prototype of the tool. The paper will conclude with a discussion of the strengths of considering this concept.
keywords	Design & decision support systems, Architectural education, Computer assisted learning, Design thinking
series	DDSS
last changed	2006/08/29 12:55

_id	ijac20064406
id	ijac20064406
authors	Sarawgi, Tina
year	2006
title	Survey on the Use of Lighting Design Software in Architecture and Interior Design Undergraduate Education
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 4 - no. 4, pp. 91-108
summary	With the steady development of global illumination algorithms over the past four decades, lighting design software is no longer the domain of a specialist. Easy to use interface, built-in flexibility, reliable calculation models, and compelling visuals has made today's lighting design software useful to architects and interior designers. However, despite these advantages, the use of lighting design software is not widely included in the undergraduate architecture and interior design education. This paper summarizes the results of an online survey of a sample of accredited architecture and interior design schools in the United States conducted to (a) determine the extent of use of lighting design software in teaching and learning lighting at the undergraduate level and (b) to assess design educators' attitude toward their usefulness in design education. This paper discusses directions for the future based on the survey results.
series	journal
more	http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/mscp/ijac/2006/00000004/00000004/art00007
last changed	2007/03/04 07:08

_id	ascaad2006_paper5
id	ascaad2006_paper5
authors	Yuan Chen, Shang
year	2006
title	A Collaborative Digital Design Workshop: an ANN-based paradigm approach
source	Computing in Architecture / Re-Thinking the Discourse: The Second International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2006), 25-27 April 2006, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
summary	This paper relies on observation and analysis an internationally digital design exchange activity, “The FCU & Bartlett School of Architecture, university college London (UCL) digital architecture workshop” to propose an educational model based on the artificial neural network (ANN). We expect that the results of this work can lead to the establishment of a scoring mechanism that can "adapt" to the difficulty of assigned problems and assess students' progress. An international technological exchange workshop based on the theme of digital design is helpful to attain an accelerated heightening in the quality and experience of education. This is going to be an educational trend and increasingly prevalent in the future. A successful educational curriculum in digital design relies on a concerted effort amongst curriculum framework, learning activities, and course content. While, an internationally exchange digital design workshop is different from traditional "semester-based" units of curriculums. The short-term educational models are required high degrees interaction and collaboration. On the other hand, artificial neural network system that is context aware in ill-defined and complex environments is highly adaptive. It can extract, interpret and use the context information and adapt its functions to obtain an optimal correspondence between “context change” and “desired goal” efficiently. Therefore, an ANN-based pedagogical mechanism is able to encourage students to select relatively difficult design problems and promote more design originality, interaction and collaboration.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2007/04/08 19:47

_id	2006_182
id	2006_182
authors	Bridges, Alan
year	2006
title	A Critical Review of Problem Based Learning in Architectural Education
source	Communicating Space(s) [24th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-5-9] Volos (Greece) 6-9 September 2006, pp. 182-189
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2006.182
summary	There is limited research and discussion on pedagogical approaches in architectural education, simply because it is considered as one of the “unimportant” areas that researchers “do not bother studying” (Teymur, 2001). Problem Based Learning has been known to provide competent graduates in other professional disciplines, and, consequently, there have been attempts to utilise the same pedagogical approach in architectural education where PBL is seen as a potential solution to the problems encountered in architectural education. This paper critically reviews PBL implementations at TU Delft Netherlands and Newcastle University, N.S.W. Australia and draws conclusions with particular respect to the teaching of architectural computing
keywords	PBL; architecture; computing
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	sigradi2006_e160c
id	sigradi2006_e160c
authors	Andrade, Max and Cheng, Liang-Yee
year	2006
title	Diretrizez Geométricas de Auxílio ao Processo de Projeto de Edifícios Residenciais [Geometrical Guidelines to Aid the Design of Floor Plants of Residential Buildings]
source	SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 243-247
summary	This paper discusses the basic principles of a geometric method to aid the design process of residential buildings. It makes part of the initial phases of a research whose aim is to develop a computer system to aid the sketching and evaluation of floor plant design of multi-storied residential buildings. The fundamental idea of the research is the existence of some basic patterns of floor plants that reflect the designer’s mental models in this category of building. The models are regarding the usage of the space such as forms and dimensions, the elements for the circulation and the external skins. During the design process, architects work on each one of these models to generate the sketches of the floor plant layout. Generally, the layout of an apartment in multi-storied buildings depends basically on the internal dynamics of the users without the complex relationship with the neighborhood environment as in the case of houses. In this way, it would be easier to identify, to organize and to associate the mental models of multi-storied buildings on geometric basis, which, in their turns, might be effectively used as inputs for the layout planning of new design. By applying the geometric basis, the architects may reduce the universe of feasible alternatives into a small group of heuristic solutions that can be described by using few simple guidelines. In addition to this, the geometric bases of the existing buildings might be used to build a knowledge-based system to aid the architectural design. The objective of this paper is to show some initial results of the research obtained from a survey and the case studies of form, dimensions and topology of existing buildings. To limit the scope of the discussion, only residential buildings with two to three bedrooms are considered. At first, a survey of plants of residential buildings with two and three bedrooms, in Brazil, is carried out. In the next step, the dimensions, shape, external skin perimeter, circulation system and accessibility are analyzed. Finally, typical topologies of the building are investigated.
keywords	Design process; geometric method; residential buildings
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	2006_818
id	2006_818
authors	Angulo, Antonieta
year	2006
title	Communication in the Implementation of a Metacognitive Strategy for Learning to Design
source	Communicating Space(s) [24th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-5-9] Volos (Greece) 6-9 September 2006, pp. 818-825
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2006.818
summary	This paper describes an instructional communication strategy that makes use of time-based media techniques (story boarding and animation) in order to empower design studios with means to promote their students’ awareness on the acquisition of metacognitive knowledge and skills. This paper highlights the importance of including the communication of the design processes in the evaluation of learning outcomes. Moreover, the paper proposes that the students should be made constantly aware of their design processes and how effective are the methods they use. It is in this state of awareness that metacognitive knowledge is acquired: knowing how to learn to design. We can cultivate, exploit and enhance the capabilities of design learners, making them more confident and independent as learners as they understand what they need to know and what kind of strategies might work for different design problems and learning opportunities. In the development of an instructional strategy to accomplish this learning goal, the paper proposes it may be possible and potentially beneficial to transfer current metacognitive support strategies from a course on computer visualization techniques to the design studios. The paper elaborates on how these communication strategies could be transferred and implemented in a design studio setting. The results of a recent controlled experiment and considerations about the cognitive style of design students will be used in the preparation of recommendations for future full scale implementations in early design studios.
keywords	Design learning; metacognitive learning strategy; time-based media
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	sigradi2006_e131c
id	sigradi2006_e131c
authors	Ataman, Osman
year	2006
title	Toward New Wall Systems: Lighter, Stronger, Versatile
source	SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 248-253
summary	Recent developments in digital technologies and smart materials have created new opportunities and are suggesting significant changes in the way we design and build architecture. Traditionally, however, there has always been a gap between the new technologies and their applications into other areas. Even though, most technological innovations hold the promise to transform the building industry and the architecture within, and although, there have been some limited attempts in this area recently; to date architecture has failed to utilize the vast amount of accumulated technological knowledge and innovations to significantly transform the industry. Consequently, the applications of new technologies to architecture remain remote and inadequate. One of the main reasons of this problem is economical. Architecture is still seen and operated as a sub-service to the Construction industry and it does not seem to be feasible to apply recent innovations in Building Technology area. Another reason lies at the heart of architectural education. Architectural education does not follow technological innovations (Watson 1997), and that “design and technology issues are trivialized by their segregation from one another” (Fernandez 2004). The final reason is practicality and this one is partially related to the previous reasons. The history of architecture is full of visions for revolutionizing building technology, ideas that failed to achieve commercial practicality. Although, there have been some adaptations in this area recently, the improvements in architecture reflect only incremental progress, not the significant discoveries needed to transform the industry. However, architectural innovations and movements have often been generated by the advances of building materials, such as the impact of steel in the last and reinforced concrete in this century. There have been some scattered attempts of the creation of new materials and systems but currently they are mainly used for limited remote applications and mostly for aesthetic purposes. We believe a new architectural material class is needed which will merge digital and material technologies, embedded in architectural spaces and play a significant role in the way we use and experience architecture. As a principle element of architecture, technology has allowed for the wall to become an increasingly dynamic component of the built environment. The traditional connotations and objectives related to the wall are being redefined: static becomes fluid, opaque becomes transparent, barrier becomes filter and boundary becomes borderless. Combining smart materials, intelligent systems, engineering, and art can create a component that does not just support and define but significantly enhances the architectural space. This paper presents an ongoing research project about the development of new class of architectural wall system by incorporating distributed sensors and macroelectronics directly into the building environment. This type of composite, which is a representative example of an even broader class of smart architectural material, has the potential to change the design and function of an architectural structure or living environment. As of today, this kind of composite does not exist. Once completed, this will be the first technology on its own. We believe this study will lay the fundamental groundwork for a new paradigm in surface engineering that may be of considerable significance in architecture, building and construction industry, and materials science.
keywords	Digital; Material; Wall; Electronics
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	sigradi2006_e048c
id	sigradi2006_e048c
authors	Beck, Mateus Paulo; Brener, Rafael; Giustina, Marcelo and Turkienicz, Benamy
year	2006
title	Light and Form in Design – A Computational Approach
source	SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 254-257
summary	Shape perception is strongly influenced by the reciprocal relation between light and form. Computational applications can increase the number of design alternatives taking into account possible variations in the relation between light and form. The aim of this study is to discuss a pedagogical experience carried out with 5th semester architectural students, based on a series of exercises prior to the term project. The exercises were concerned with the relation between light and form from an aesthetical point of view and should be understood as examples for the use of computers as tools to creatively accelerate the process of design and learning. The paper is divided in five parts. The first one describes the conceptual background for the exercises, a descriptive method for the identification of light effects in architectural objects based on ideas of shape emergence. The exercises’ methodology is explained in the second part, referring to the use of computational applications in 3-dimensional modeling, material and light simulation. The methodology includes different phases: –creation of bi-dimensional compositions according to symmetry operations; –creation of a minimal living space assigning functions to spaces originated from the former composition; –analysis of the impact of light on the form and spaces created; –alteration of form and materials creating new light effects considering the functions related to the spaces. The exercises alternate work in computational environment in two and three dimensions with the use of mockups, lamps and photography. In the third part the results –student’s design steps– are described. In the fourth part the results are analyzed and some conclusions are outlined in the fifth and last part. The use of emergent forms combined with computational tools has proved to be an effective way to achieve an accelerated understanding of the impact of light on forms as demonstrated by the evolution of the students work during the term and by their final results concerning the term project.
keywords	Architectural Design; Lighting; Design Simulation; Virtual Environment
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	2006_656
id	2006_656
authors	Breen, Jack and Martijn Stellingwerff
year	2006
title	De-coding the Vernacular - Dynamic Representation Approaches to Case-based Compositional Study
source	Communicating Space(s) [24th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-5-9] Volos (Greece) 6-9 September 2006, pp. 656-663
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2006.656
summary	Representational approaches have always played an important role in the design-driven development of built environments, the analytical study of architectural compositions and their effects. With the introduction – and successive steady development – of computer-based platforms of visualization, the professional and intellectual palette of designers, as well as researchers, have expanded considerably. Nonetheless, in recent years the opportunities for systematic scrutiny and understanding of the expressive qualities of design proposals and artefacts have all too frequently been overshadowed by high-flying conceptual developments and seductive representation modes. It is time that the objective description and unravelling of architectural compositions – so to speak the discipline of Ekphrasis in design practice, education and research – is once again given more prominence in architectural discourse and debate. The central idea behind this contribution is that, by linking instruments of design with the methods of formal composition and decomposition, renewed opportunities for representation-driven study in a scholarly context, focusing upon elusive compositional attributes and their workings, may be given a new impulse. The project that is presented here concerns a case-based explorative study into the domains of aesthetic convention and invention, making use of a variety of virtual and physical representation techniques. These include digital as well as tangible modelling and sketching approaches (separately and in combination), in conjunction with computer-based image manipulation techniques, making use of systematic data identification and denotation. The opportunities, merits and shortcomings of the computer-based and physical visualization approaches, which were applied and tested, are discussed on the basis of results and findings from the ongoing AA Variations project.
keywords	Design representation; Computer-based sketching; Virtual and physical modelling; Compositional variation; Contemporary aesthetics
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	acadia06_148
id	acadia06_148
authors	Cabrinha, Mark
year	2006
title	Synthetic Pedagogy
source	Synthetic Landscapes [Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture] pp. 148-149
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2006.148
summary	As tools, techniques, and technologies expand design practice, there is likewise an innovation in design teaching shifting technology from a means of production and representation to a means of discovery and development. This has implications on studio culture and design pedagogy. Expanding the skills based notion of digital design from know-how, or know-how-to-do, toward know-for, or knowledge-for-action, forms a synthetic relationship between the skills necessary for action and the developing motivations of a young designer. This shifts digital design pedagogy to a medium of active inquiry through play and precision. As digital tools and infrastructure are now ubiquitous in most schools, including the increasing digital material exchange enabled through laser cutters, CNC routers, and rapid prototyping, this topic node presents research papers that engage technology not simply as tools to be taught, but as cognitive technologies which motivate and structure a design students knowledge, both tacit and explicit, in developing a digital and material, ecological and social synthetic environment. Digital fabrication, the Building Information Model, and parametric modeling have currency in architectural education today yet, beyond the instrumentality of teaching the tool, seldom is it questioned what the deeper motivations these technologies suggest. Each of these tools in their own way form a synthesis between representational artifacts and the technological impact on process weaving a wider web of materials, collaboration among peers and consultants, and engagement of the environment that the products of design are situated in.If it is true that this synthetic environment enabled by tools, techniques, and technologies moves from a representational model to a process model of design, the engagement of these tools in the design process is of critical importance in design education. What is the relationship between representation, simulation, and physical material in a digitally mediated design education? At the core of synthetic pedagogies is an underlying principle to form relationships of teaching architecture through digital tools, rather than simply teaching the tools themselves. What principles are taught through teaching with these tools, and furthermore, what new principles might these tools develop?
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	sigradi2006_e070c
id	sigradi2006_e070c
authors	Cardoso, Daniel
year	2006
title	Controlled Unpredictability: Constraining Stochastic Search as a Form-Finding Method for Architectural Design
source	SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 263-267
summary	Provided with a strict set of rules a computer program can perform the role of a simple designer. Taking advantage of a computer’s processing power, it can also provide an unlimited number of variations in the form while following a given set of constraints. This paper delineates a model for interrelating a rule-based system based on purely architectural considerations with non-deterministic computational procedures in order to provide controlled variations and constrained unpredictability. The experimental model consists of a verisimilar architectural problem, the design of a residential tower with a strict program of 200 units of different types in a given site. Following the interpretation of the program, a set of rules is defined by considering architectural concerns such as lighting, dimensions, circulations, etc. These rules are then encoded in a program that generates form in an unsupervised manner by means of a stochastic search algorithm. Once the program generates a design it’s evaluated, and the parameters on the constraints are adjusted in order to produce a new design. This paper presents a description of the architectural problem and of the rule building process, images and descriptions of three different towers produced, and the code for the stochastic-search algorithm used for generating the form. The succesful evolution of the experiments show how in a computation-oriented design process the interpretation of the problem and the rule setting process play a major role in the production of meaningful form, outlining the shifting role of human designers from form-makers to rule-builders in a computation-oriented design endeavour.
keywords	Architectural Design; Stochastic; Random; Rule-based systems; Form-generation
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:48

_id	ijac20053403
id	ijac20053403
authors	Datta, Sambit; Beynon, David
year	2005
title	A Computational Approach to the Reconstruction of Surface Geometry from Early Temple Superstructures
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 3 - no. 4, 471-486
summary	Recovering the control or implicit geometry underlying temple architecture requires bringing together fragments of evidence from field measurements, relating these to mathematical and geometric descriptions in canonical texts and proposing "best-fit" constructive models. While scholars in the field have traditionally used manual methods, the innovative application of niche computational techniques can help extend the study of artefact geometry. This paper demonstrates the application of a hybrid computational approach to the problem of recovering the surface geometry of early temple superstructures. The approach combines field measurements of temples, close-range architectural photogrammetry, rule-based generation and parametric modelling. The computing of surface geometry comprises a rule-based global model governing the overall form of the superstructure, several local models for individual motifs using photogrammetry and an intermediate geometry model that combines the two. To explain the technique and the different models, the paper examines an illustrative example of surface geometry reconstruction based on studies undertaken on a tenth century stone superstructure from western India. The example demonstrates that a combination of computational methods yields sophisticated models of the constructive geometry underlying temple form and that these digital artefacts can form the basis for in depth comparative analysis of temples, arising out of similar techniques, spread over geography, culture and time.
series	journal
email
more	http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/mscp/ijac/2006/00000004/00000001/art00002
last changed	2007/03/04 07:08

_id	a126
id	a126
authors	Finucane E, Derix C and Coates P
year	2006
title	Evolving Urban Structures using Computational Optimisation
source	Proceedings of the Generative Arts conference, Milan, 2006
summary	This paper investigates the use of computer analogies for naturally inspired optimisation techniques as an aid to developing the site layout and massing for the new World Trade Centre development in Pristina Kosovo, which is being designed and developed by 4M Group architectural company, in conjunction with the Advanced Modelling Group Aedas. The development of a genetic algorithm will incorporate various techniques, that have been developed in the field of multi-objective optimisation, to create three dimensional massing models, and site layout solutions which partially fulfil the Prisina brief requirements, which are taken from specifications created by 4M Group. Genetic algorithms are based on natural evolutionary principles which are explained in this paper. It will incorporate Pareto concepts to manage the optimisation of the various objective functions. For example, these will include volume and position of units, which will ensure that the different and sometime conflicting needs of the site are balanced throughout the optimisation. This type of problem is often known as an NP-complete (non-determinate polynomial time) problem. This will provide architects and planners with a number of Pareto optimised site massing solutions as an aid to the design process. An initial investigation into the specifics of the Pristina site requirements, will be followed by an investigation into the the genetic algorithm which is created in Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) linked with AutoCAD as the graphical output of the code. The embryology (development) of the various solutions from the genetic information incorporates an ‘ant’ pheromone trail model, which simulates the action of ants during food foraging, as a tool for initial route planning within the site. Diffusion and cellular automata are used during the development of the solution to construct the massing for the site.
keywords	urban planning, evolutionary algorithms, pareto optimization, Lindenmayer systems, ant-colony optimization, cellular automaton
series	other
type	normal paper
email
more	http://www.generativeart.com/
last changed	2012/09/20 18:33

_id	ddss2006-hb-203
id	DDSS2006-HB-203
authors	Gerhard Zimmermann
year	2006
title	Multi-Agent Model to Multi-Process Transformation - A housing market case study
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Innovations in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Springer, ISBN-10: 1-4020-5059-3, ISBN-13: 978-1-4020-5059-6, p. 203-219
summary	Simulation is a means to help urban planners and investors to optimize inhabitant satisfaction and return on investment. An example is the optimal match between household preferences and property profiles. The problem is that not enough knowledge exists yet about dynamic user activity models to build reliable and realistic simulators. Therefore, we propose a modeling and software technique that produces simulator prototypes very efficiently for the development, test, and evaluation of many different user activity models, using executable models, code generation, and a domain specific software process. As a specific feature, the model is based on many agents acting independently from each other and that are mapped in several refinement steps into the same number of concurrent processes. The housing example is used as a case study to explain the process and show performance results.
keywords	Agent technology, User activity modeling, User activity simulation, Software engineering, Code generation, Software process
series	DDSS
last changed	2006/08/29 12:55

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