Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	cf2011_p027
id	cf2011_p027
authors	Herssens, Jasmien; Heylighen Ann
year	2011
title	A Framework of Haptic Design Parameters for Architects: Sensory Paradox Between Content and Representation
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 685-700.
summary	Architects‚Äîlike other designers‚Äîtend to think, know and work in a visual way. In design research, this way of knowing and working is highly valued as paramount to design expertise (Cross 1982, 2006). In case of architecture, however, it is not only a particular strength, but may as well be regarded as a serious weakness. The absence of non-visual features in traditional architectural spatial representations indicates how these are disregarded as important elements in conceiving space (Dischinger 2006). This bias towards vision, and the suppression of other senses‚Äîin the way architecture is conceived, taught and critiqued‚Äîresults in a disappearance of sensory qualities (Pallasmaa 2005). Nevertheless, if architects design with more attention to non visual senses, they are able to contribute to more inclusive environments. Indeed if an environment offers a range of sensory triggers, people with different sensory capacities are able to navigate and enjoy it. Rather than implementing as many sensory triggers as possible, the intention is to make buildings and spaces accessible and enjoyable for more people, in line with the objective of inclusive design (Clarkson et al. 2007), also called Design for All or Universal Design (Ostroff 2001). Within this overall objective, the aim of our study is to develop haptic design parameters that support architects during design in paying more attention to the role of haptics, i.e. the sense of touch, in the built environment by informing them about the haptic implications of their design decisions. In the context of our study, haptic design parameters are defined as variables that can be decided upon by designers throughout the design process, and the value of which determines the haptic characteristics of the resulting design. These characteristics are based on the expertise of people who are congenitally blind, as they are more attentive to non visual information, and of professional caregivers working with them. The parameters do not intend to be prescriptive, nor to impose a particular method. Instead they seek to facilitate a more inclusive design attitude by informing designers and helping them to think differently. As the insights from the empirical studies with people born blind and caregivers have been reported elsewhere (Authors 2010), this paper starts by outlining the haptic design parameters resulting from them. Following the classification of haptics into active, dynamic and passive touch, the built environment unfolds into surfaces that can act as ‚Äúmovement‚Äù, ‚Äúguiding‚Äù and/or ‚Äúrest‚Äù plane. Furthermore design techniques are suggested to check the haptic qualities during the design process. Subsequently, the paper reports on a focus group interview/workshop with professional architects to assess the usability of the haptic design parameters for design practice. The architects were then asked to try out the parameters in the context of a concrete design project. The reactions suggest that the participating architects immediately picked up the underlying idea of the parameters, and recognized their relevance in relation to the design project at stake, but that their representation confronts us with a sensory paradox: although the parameters question the impact of the visual in architectural design, they are meant to be used by designers, who are used to think, know and work in a visual way.
keywords	blindness, design parameters, haptics, inclusive design, vision
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	cf2011_p003
id	cf2011_p003
authors	Ng, Edward; Ren Chao
year	2011
title	Sustainable Planning with a Synergetic Collation of Thermal and Dynamic Characteristics of Urban Climate using Map Based Computational Tools
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 367-382.
summary	Since 2006, half of the world’s population lives in cities. In the age of climate change, designing for quality environmental living conditions and sustainability is a topical concern. However, on the one hand, designers and city planners operate with their three dimensional city morphological data such as building shapes and volumes, forms and their spacings, and functional attributes and definition signatures. On the other hand, urban climatologists operate with their numbers and equations, quantities and signals, and normals and anomalies. Traditionally the two camps do not meet. It is a challenge to develop design tools that they can work together. Map based information system based on computational geographic information system (GIS) that is properly structured and represented offers a common language, so to speak, for the two professional groups to work together. Urban climatic map is a spatial and graphical tool with information embedded in defined layers that are collated so that planners and urban climatologists can dialogue over design issues. With various planning and meteorological data coded in defined grid resolutions onto the GIS map system, data can be synergized and collated for various understandings. This papers explains the formulation of Hong Kong’s GIS based Urban Climatic Map as an example of how the map works in practice. Using the map, zonal and district based planning decisions can be made by planners and urban climatologists that lead to new designs and policy changes.
keywords	sustainable development, urban planning, urban thermal, urban dynamics, computer tools
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	cf2011_p163
id	cf2011_p163
authors	Park, Hyoung-June
year	2011
title	Mass-Customization in the Design of 4,000 Bus Stops
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 265-278.
summary	In Hawaii, ‚"TheBus‚" has been a main transportation system since 1971. Considering the high cost of living in Hawaii and the absence of a rail system, the use of ‚"TheBus‚" has been an instrumental vein of the city life in Honolulu with rhythmical pauses at about 4,000 bus stops in Honolulu. However, existing undifferentiated bus stops are developed from a cost effective mass production system so that they have been problematic for satisfying specific needs from various site conditions. In this research, an integrated computational method of mass-customization for designing 4,000 bus stops is introduced. According to various site conditions, the design of each bus stop is customized. Unlike the mass‚Äêproduced bus stops commonly seen in cities today, the proposed computational method in this paper produces bus stop design outcomes that fit into the physical characteristics of the location in which they are installed. Mass-customization allows for the creation and production of unique or similar buildings and building components, differentiated through digitally‚Äêcontrolled variation (Kolarevic, 2003). The employment of a computational mass‚Äêcustomization in architectural design extends the boundary of design solutions to the satisfaction of multi-objective requirements and unlimited freedom to search alternative solutions (Duarte, 2001; Caldas, 2006). The computational method developed in this paper consists of 1) definition of a prototype, 2) parametric variation, 3) manual deformation, and 4) simulation based deformation. The definition of a prototype is the development of a basic design to be transformed for satisfying various conditions given from a site. In this paper, the bus stop prototype is developed from the analysis of more than 300 bus stops and the categorization of the existing bus stops according to their physical conditions, contextual conditions, climatic conditions, and existing amenities. Based upon the outcome of the analysis, the design variables of a bus stop prototype are defined. Those design variables then guide the basic physical parameters for changing the physical configuration of the prototype according to a given site. From this, many possible design outcomes are generated as instances for further developments. The process of manual deformation is where the designer employs its intuition to develop the selected parametric variation. The designer is compelled to think about the possible implication derived from formal variation. This optional process allows every design decision to have a creative solution from an individual designer with an incidental quality in aesthetics, but substantiated functional quality. Finally the deformation of the selection is guided and controlled by the influence of sun direction/ exposure to the selection. The simulation based deformation starts with the movement of the sun as the trigger for generating the variations of the bus stop prototype. The implementation of the computational method was made within the combination of MEL (Maya Enbedded Language), autodesk MAYA and Ecotect environment.
keywords	mass-customization, parametric variation, simulation based deformation
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	2006_032
id	2006_032
authors	Al-Attili, Aghlab and Leonidas Koutsoumpos
year	2006
title	Ethics of Virtuality… Virtuality of Ethics
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2006.032
source	Communicating Space(s) [24th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-5-9] Volos (Greece) 6-9 September 2006, pp. 32-39
summary	This paper addresses issues pertaining to architecture, virtuality and ethics by establishing an interactive, non-linear virtual environment as a tool for investigation into the virtuality of ethics and ethics of virtuality, in the context of architecture. Starting from the assertion that ‘Virtual Environment (VE) is a metaphor of Real Environment (RE)’, we test the proposition that suggests ‘Ethics of RE can be tested and simulated in VE’. Challenging the notion that sees people reacting to VE in the same way as they interact with their surroundings in RE, we propose that since ethics are engulfing architecture they are also present and simulated in VE. Virtual architecture has elements of ethics that we refer to as ‘Ethics of Virtuality’. In this context, VE ethics seem to lose the ubiquity that is present in RE. In order to examine this hypothesis, we created a VE that corresponds to the RE of the PhD students’ offices, within the Department of Architecture, School of Arts, Culture, and Environment in the University of Edinburgh. The real life users of these offices were subjected to this VE. A qualitative method of research followed to probe their experience, focusing on issues related to ethics. Subjects were asked to give a personal accounts of their experience which gave us an insight into how they think. The compiled list of results and their evaluation showed startling possibilities, further establishing VE as an arena for investigating issues pertaining to both architecture and ethics.
keywords	Virtual Environments; Ethics; Place; Representation; Trust
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	sigradi2006_e160c
id	sigradi2006_e160c
authors	Andrade, Max and Cheng, Liang-Yee
year	2006
title	Diretrizez Geométricas de Auxílio ao Processo de Projeto de Edifícios Residenciais [Geometrical Guidelines to Aid the Design of Floor Plants of Residential Buildings]
source	SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 243-247
summary	This paper discusses the basic principles of a geometric method to aid the design process of residential buildings. It makes part of the initial phases of a research whose aim is to develop a computer system to aid the sketching and evaluation of floor plant design of multi-storied residential buildings. The fundamental idea of the research is the existence of some basic patterns of floor plants that reflect the designer’s mental models in this category of building. The models are regarding the usage of the space such as forms and dimensions, the elements for the circulation and the external skins. During the design process, architects work on each one of these models to generate the sketches of the floor plant layout. Generally, the layout of an apartment in multi-storied buildings depends basically on the internal dynamics of the users without the complex relationship with the neighborhood environment as in the case of houses. In this way, it would be easier to identify, to organize and to associate the mental models of multi-storied buildings on geometric basis, which, in their turns, might be effectively used as inputs for the layout planning of new design. By applying the geometric basis, the architects may reduce the universe of feasible alternatives into a small group of heuristic solutions that can be described by using few simple guidelines. In addition to this, the geometric bases of the existing buildings might be used to build a knowledge-based system to aid the architectural design. The objective of this paper is to show some initial results of the research obtained from a survey and the case studies of form, dimensions and topology of existing buildings. To limit the scope of the discussion, only residential buildings with two to three bedrooms are considered. At first, a survey of plants of residential buildings with two and three bedrooms, in Brazil, is carried out. In the next step, the dimensions, shape, external skin perimeter, circulation system and accessibility are analyzed. Finally, typical topologies of the building are investigated.
keywords	Design process; geometric method; residential buildings
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	2006_058
id	2006_058
authors	Fukuda, Tomohiro; Kazuhiro Sakata; Wookhyun Yeo and Atsuko Kaga
year	2006
title	Development and Evaluation of a Close-range View Representation Method of Natural Elements in a Real-time Simulation for Environmental Design - Shadow, Grass, and Water Surface
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2006.058
source	Communicating Space(s) [24th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-5-9] Volos (Greece) 6-9 September 2006, pp. 58-65
summary	In this research, a close-range view expression method used in real-time simulation based on virtual reality technology is developed for environmental design evaluation. After describing the purpose and accuracy of representation, the problem of natural element representation in a close-range view, which has not been developed yet, is clarified. Next, the close-range view expression method of shadows, grass, and water surface is developed. Furthermore, the developed method is applied to a number of actual environmental design projects, and frame rate measurement and user evaluation are performed.
keywords	Environmental Design; Real-time Simulation; Virtual Reality; Consensus-building; Representation of natural elements
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	sigradi2006_e149b
id	sigradi2006_e149b
authors	Kendir, Elif
year	2006
title	Prêt-à-Construire – An Educational Inquiry into Computer Aided Fabrication
source	SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 162-165
summary	This paper aims to show and discuss the relevance of developing necessary strategies for reintegrating the concept of fabrication into the architectural design process. The discussion will be partly based on the outcome of a graduate architectural design studio conducted in Spring semester 2002-2003. The graduate studio was part of a series of exploratory studies conducted on the nature of architectural design process transformed by information technologies. Preceded by studios investigating cognition and representation, this last studio focused on the concept of fabrication. The overarching aim of the studio series was to put CAD and CAM in context both within the actual architectural design process and within architectural education. The last of this series, which will be discussed within the frame of this paper, has specifically focused on CAM and the concept of fabrication in architecture. In accordance with the nature of a design studio, the research was more methodological than technical. The studio derived its main inspiration from the constructional templates used in dressmaking, which can be considered as an initial model for mass customization. In this context, the recladding of Le Corbusier’s Maison Domino was given as the main design problem, along with several methodological constraints. The main constraint was to develop the design idea through constructional drawings instead of representational ones. The students were asked to develop their volumetric ideas through digital 3D CAD models while working out structural solutions on a physical 1/50 model of Maison Domino. There was also a material constraint for the model, where only specified types of non-structural paper could be used. At this stage, origami provided the working model for adding structural strength to sheet materials. The final outcome included the explanation of different surface generation strategies and preliminary design proposals for their subcomponents. The paper will discuss both the utilized methodology and the final outcome along the lines of the issues raised during the studio sessions, some of which could be decisive in the putting into context of CAD – CAM in architectural design process. One such issue is mass customization, that is, the mass production of different specific elements with the help of CAM technologies. Another issue is “open source” design, indicating the possibility of a do-it-yourself architecture, where architecture is coded as information, and its code can be subject to change by different designers. The final key issue is the direct utilization of constructional drawings in the preliminary design phase as opposed to representational ones, which aimed at reminding the designer the final phase of fabrication right from the beginning. Finally, the paper will also point at the problems faced during the conduct of the studio and discuss those in the context of promoting CAM for architectural design and production in countries where there is no actual utilization of these technologies for these purposes yet.
keywords	Education; Fabrication; CAM
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:53

_id	caadria2006_313
id	caadria2006_313
authors	MAO-LIN CHIU, BINSU CHIANG, GUAN-CHENG LEE, HANYUN TSENG
year	2006
title	HOUSE SENSE: Designing smart houses with intelligent interface design
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2006.x.s1v
source	CAADRIA 2006 [Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Kumamoto (Japan) March 30th - April 2nd 2006, 313-322
summary	The research and development of smart houses are emergent because of the information and communication technological development and the search for better living quality from occupants. This paper therefore explores how smart technologies are applied into smart houses within the living context. Through a pilot study of cases and technological innovations to address the new living context by technology-interface-design strategies, a development framework of smart house is formed by three major elements, i.e. smart materials, technologies, and design. In order to actualize house senses, the prototype for smart houses is evolved. When space and wireless smart components are integrated, the living environment becomes more flexible and adaptable to accommodate or support activities digitally, and users can interact with space via context aware computing for acquiring and assimilating information in order to enhance their living experience.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	acadia07_284
id	acadia07_284
authors	Robinson, Kirsten; Gorbet, Robert; Beesley, Philip
year	2007
title	Evolving Cooperative Behaviour in a Reflexive Membrane
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2007.284
source	Expanding Bodies: Art • Cities• Environment [Proceedings of the 27th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture / ISBN 978-0-9780978-6-8] Halifax (Nova Scotia) 1-7 October 2007, 284-293
summary	This paper describes the integration of machine intelligence into an immersive architectural sculpture that interacts dynamically with users and the environment. The system is conceived to function as an architectural envelope that might transfer air using a distributed array of components. The sculpture includes a large array of interconnected miniature structural and kinetic elements, each with local sensing, actuation, and machine intelligence. We demonstrate a model in which these autonomous, interconnected agents develop cooperative behaviour to maximize airflow. Agents have access to sensory data about their local environment and ‘learn’ to move air through the working of a genetic algorithm. Introducing distributed and responsive machine intelligence builds on work done on evolving embodied intelligence (Floreano et al. 2004) and architectural ‘geotextile’ sculptures by Philip Beesley and collaborators (Beesley et al. 1996-2006). The paper contributes to the general field of interactive art by demonstrating an application of machine intelligence as a design method. The objective is the development of coherent distributed kinetic building envelopes with environmental control functions. A cultural context is included, discussing dynamic paradigms in responsive architecture.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 08:00

_id	ddss2006-pb-373
id	DDSS2006-PB-373
authors	Rohan Bailey
year	2006
title	Towards a Digital Design Teaching Tool - A look at the ideas that should define a digital design primer
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Progress in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Eindhoven: Eindhoven University of Technology, ISBN-10: 90-386-1756-9, ISBN-13: 978-90-386-1756-5, p. 373-386
summary	Architecture in the 21st century has become an increasingly complex affair. In addition to new social and cultural norms, architects are inundated with constantly changing information regarding new materials, sustainable processes, and complex building types. This state of affairs has also affected the expectations placed on architectural education. Critics (in diverse spheres) have expressed concerns about the lack of requisite skills of graduates that characterise good design thinking strategies as well as promote responsible design. It has been proposed by this author in other forums that by using digital technology to empower design learning, we can allow students to confidently use (through reading and analysis) their sketches to develop conceptual ideas that reconcile disparate elements into a habitable, environmentally friendly and architecturally responsible whole that is fit for purpose, cost effective, sustainable and a delight to clients and users. This paper will seek to discuss one of the concepts that govern such a tool. It will start by delineating the problem (discussed earlier in the abstract) before outlining the concepts or principles that a design teaching tool should adhere to. These concepts acknowledge the importance for the tool to reflect the nature of design tasks, facilitate learning and be accessible to all learning types. The paper will then focus on one concept - the nature of design tasks. The subsequent sections will describe an information structure borne from this idea and make mention of a current prototype of the tool. The paper will conclude with a discussion of the strengths of considering this concept.
keywords	Design & decision support systems, Architectural education, Computer assisted learning, Design thinking
series	DDSS
last changed	2006/08/29 12:55

_id	caadria2006_323
id	caadria2006_323
authors	SHANG-YUAN CHEN, MAO-LIN CHIU
year	2006
title	AGENT-BASED SMART SKINS: Fuzzy-logic and neuro-fuzzy approaches to smart house design
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2006.x.s0x
source	CAADRIA 2006 [Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Kumamoto (Japan) March 30th - April 2nd 2006, 323-330
summary	Recent developments in sensor, computing, and information and communication technologies have inspired the creation of new smart devices and environments. This paper proposes a “smart skin” that is capable of actively inferring and detecting normal or abnormal status, making optimal decisions, and learning to adapt its functions to map environmental variations to occupant needs. This paper explores the potential of smart skins and proposes three key elements for their integration: (1) intelligent agents, (2) context awareness, and (3) fuzzy logic and neuro-fuzzy systems. Prototypes are demonstrated and further discussion is made.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	caadria2006_197
id	caadria2006_197
authors	SWATHIKA, ANANDAN; SO-YEON YOON, M. SALEH UDDIN
year	2006
title	ARCHITECTURAL ANIMATION AND CINEMATIC INTERPRETATION
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2006.x.c3e
source	CAADRIA 2006 [Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Kumamoto (Japan) March 30th - April 2nd 2006, 197-202
summary	Cinemas have always communicated beyond space and time. However, the illusion of being in a synthetic environment in cinema seldom exists in an architectural animation. The same digital animation technology may have been used, but the method of engaging the viewers and capturing their interest in cinemas, distinguish them from architectural animations. The focus of this paper is to examine the essential elements in cinematography such as mies-en-scene, collage, and entourage which can effectively transform one animation style to another. Depending on the storytelling and use of cinematographic elements, the built environment can bring the sense of immersion that is, the thread of emotional connection between the audience and the animation. The topic explores ways to permit the viewer’s immersion in the presented environment for architectural animation. Transforming the style of the animation allows us to experiment with different ways of capturing audience attention, translating design concepts and articulating information rather than being another form of transcription only in motion. In this paper, the attempt is to bring the reflex of an architectural project in animation by introducing the cinematic depth rather than being a narrative knowledge transfer.
series	CAADRIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	2006_326
id	2006_326
authors	Zisimopoulou, Katerina and Alexis Fragkiadakis
year	2006
title	Constructing the String Wall - Mapping the Material Process
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2006.326
source	Communicating Space(s) [24th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-5-9] Volos (Greece) 6-9 September 2006, pp. 326-335
summary	The String Wall is the emergent product of a study on technological applications in architecture. Our team attempted to test the limits of the common partition wall construction, challenging the standard notion of the partition screen wall that recedes behind the structures, spaces and objects as a background condition. Such vibrant a partition as the SW becomes the center to the formation of the space it defines. The story of the SW could be described as the organic combination of the bow and the twist. The latent materiality and geometry of the bow and the twist as composite systems that are mined for their structural, tectonic and programmatic potential are tested prior to final construction by 3D printed scaled models. The SW is composed of successive frames that consist of vertical twisted strips of plywood attached to wooden beams. These frames emulate the stud elements of the conventional dry wall partition systems and are manufactured entirely manually. On the other hand, the use of CNC milling machine is employed for the production of the bowed plywood strips that fill in the frame. Three fluctuated curvatures produce strips that are combined rhythmically to produce the striated effect of the SW. The material is manipulated in order to expose its hidden side, the sequence of the multiple layers of the different infilling conditions. The oblique perspective of the SW is achieved through a novel geometric transparency, thus offering constantly changing views to a moving observer. The manipulation of the position of the component bowed and twisted strips explore the application of a see-through condition that escapes the norm and reveals the back to the front in a unique whole. The void of the screen wall becomes ultimately programmatic through the use of light. A sequence of halogen lights situated at the top and bottom of the in-between the wooden strips void create the dumbfounded effect of the SW experience.
keywords	Digital construction methods; shape studies; rapid prototyping; 3D printer models
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	sigradi2006_e165b
id	sigradi2006_e165b
authors	Angulo, Antonieta
year	2006
title	Optimization in the Balance between the Production Effort of E-learning Tutorials and their related Learning Outcome
source	SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 122-126
summary	This paper provides evidence on the level of media richness that may be cost effective in the development of e-learning tutorials for teaching and learning computer visualization techniques. For such a purpose the author provides an analysis of low-cost / high-impact media rich products, the effort and cost required in their development and the measurement of related learning outcomes. Circa twenty years of R&D of multimedia and hypermedia applications for instruction have demonstrated the benefits of communicating relevant information to learners using engaging media. Based on this evidence, this paper assumes that due to the cognitive style of design students, the instructional packages for learning computer techniques for design visualization that are rich in media content, tend to be more effective. Available visualization technologies make the development of e-learning tutorials feasible and apparently the logical way to implement our instructional packages. However the question in the development of e-learning tutorials becomes a more strategic one when we are called to reach a level of optimization between producing a package with a basic standard, namely; text & still-graphic based tutorials, or a state-of-the-art package that is based on video demonstrations (more than enough?) that can accommodate the students’ learning requirements and also our production costs. The costs include the human resources (instructor, producers, assistants and others) and the material resources (hardware and software, copies, and others) involved in the creation of the e-learning tutorials. The key question is: What is good enough, and what is clearly superfluous? In order to confirm our hypothesis and propose a relevant balance between media richness and learning effectiveness, this paper describes an experiment in the use of two different levels of media richness as used to deliver instructions on the production of computer animations for design visualization. The students recruited for this experiment were fairly familiarized with the use of 3D modeling concepts and software, but had no previous knowledge of the techniques included in the tutorials; in specific; camera animation procedures. The students, separated in two groups, used one of the two methods; then they proceeded to apply their newly acquired skills in the production of an animation without using the help of any external means. The assessment of results was based on the quality of the final product and the students’ performance in the recall of the production procedures. Finally an interview with the students was conducted on their perception of what was accomplished from a metacognitive point of view. The results were processed in order to establish comparisons between the different levels of achievement and the students’ metacognitive assessment of learning. These results have helped us to create a clear set of recommendations for the production of e-learning tutorials and their conditions for implementation. The most beneficial characteristics of the two tested methods in relation to type of information, choice of media, method of information delivery, flexibility of production/editorial tools,! and overall cost of production, will be transferred into the development of a more refined product to be tested at larger scale.
keywords	e-learning tutorials; media richness; learning effectiveness; cognitive style; computer visualization techniques
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	ascaad2006_paper15
id	ascaad2006_paper15
authors	Anz, Craig and Akel Ismail Kahera
year	2006
title	Critical Environmentalism and the Practice of Re-Construction
source	Computing in Architecture / Re-Thinking the Discourse: The Second International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2006), 25-27 April 2006, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
summary	This research focuses on the implications and applications of “critical environmentalism” as a quintessential epistemological framework for urban interventions while implementing digital applications that foster collective, round-table approaches to design. Essentially centering the environment (Umwelt) as an encompassing and interconnecting catalyst between multiple disciplines, philosophies, and modes of inquiry and technologies, the framework reciprocally fosters individual and critical identities associated with particular places, belief systems, and their participants as a primary concern. Critical environmentalism promotes a comprehensive, reciprocally unifying epistemological framework that can significantly inform architectural interventions and the tethered use of its technologies in order to foster increased vitality and a certain coinvested attention to the complexities of the greater domain. Grounding the theory in pedagogical practice, this paper documents an approach to urban design and architectural education, implemented as a case-study and design scenario, where divergent perspectives amalgamate into emergent urban configurations, critically rooted in the conditional partialities of place. Digital technologies are incorporated along with analogical methods as tools to integrate multiple perspectives into a single, working plane. Engaging the above framework, the approach fosters a critical (re)construction and on-going, co-vested regeneration of community and the context of place while attempting to dialogically converge multiple urban conditions and modes-of-thought through the co-application of various digital technologies. Critically understanding complex urban situations involves dialogically analyzing, mapping, and modeling a discursive, categorical structure through a common goal and rationale that seeks dialectic synthesis between divergent constructions while forming mutual, catalyzing impetuses between varying facets. In essence, the integration of varying technologies in conjunction, connected to real world scenarios and a guiding epistemic framework cultivates effective cross-pollination of ideas and modes through communicative and participatory interaction. As such it also provides greater ease in crosschecking between a multitude of divergent modes playing upon urban design and community development. Since current digital technologies aid in data collection and the synthesis of information, varying factors can be more easily and collectively identified, analyzed, and then simultaneously used in subsequent design configurations. It inherently fosters the not fully realized potential to collectively overlay or montage complex patterns and thoughts seamlessly and to thus subsequently merge a multitude of corresponding design configurations simultaneously within an ongoing, usable database. As a result, the pedagogical process reveals richly textured sociocultural fabrics and thus produces distinct amplifications in complexity and attentive management of diverse issues, while also generating significant narratives and themes for fostering creative and integrative solutions. As a model for urban community and social development, critical environmentalism is further supported the integrative use of digital technologies as an effective means and management for essential, communicative interchange of knowledge and thus rapprochement between divergent modes-of-thought, promoting critical, productive interaction with others in the (co)constructive processes of our life-space.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2007/04/08 19:47

_id	sigradi2006_e048c
id	sigradi2006_e048c
authors	Beck, Mateus Paulo; Brener, Rafael; Giustina, Marcelo and Turkienicz, Benamy
year	2006
title	Light and Form in Design – A Computational Approach
source	SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 254-257
summary	Shape perception is strongly influenced by the reciprocal relation between light and form. Computational applications can increase the number of design alternatives taking into account possible variations in the relation between light and form. The aim of this study is to discuss a pedagogical experience carried out with 5th semester architectural students, based on a series of exercises prior to the term project. The exercises were concerned with the relation between light and form from an aesthetical point of view and should be understood as examples for the use of computers as tools to creatively accelerate the process of design and learning. The paper is divided in five parts. The first one describes the conceptual background for the exercises, a descriptive method for the identification of light effects in architectural objects based on ideas of shape emergence. The exercises’ methodology is explained in the second part, referring to the use of computational applications in 3-dimensional modeling, material and light simulation. The methodology includes different phases: –creation of bi-dimensional compositions according to symmetry operations; –creation of a minimal living space assigning functions to spaces originated from the former composition; –analysis of the impact of light on the form and spaces created; –alteration of form and materials creating new light effects considering the functions related to the spaces. The exercises alternate work in computational environment in two and three dimensions with the use of mockups, lamps and photography. In the third part the results –student’s design steps– are described. In the fourth part the results are analyzed and some conclusions are outlined in the fifth and last part. The use of emergent forms combined with computational tools has proved to be an effective way to achieve an accelerated understanding of the impact of light on forms as demonstrated by the evolution of the students work during the term and by their final results concerning the term project.
keywords	Architectural Design; Lighting; Design Simulation; Virtual Environment
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	sigradi2006_e081d
id	sigradi2006_e081d
authors	Hecker, Douglas
year	2006
title	Dry-In House: A Mass Customized Affordable House for New Orleans
source	SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 359-362
summary	Dry-in house is a mass customized affordable housing system proposed for the reconstruction of New Orleans. The dry-in House gets the owner back to their home site quickly while providing the infrastructure an occupant needs (shelter, water, electricity). The owner is supplied with an inhabitable shell that is customizable before it is fabricated as well as onsite as the project is “fitted out” over time. The key concept is to allow families to participate in the design of their customized homes and to get people back to their home sites as quickly as possible and to give them the opportunity to finish and further customize their home over time. The project addresses inefficiencies and redundancies in emergency housing currently provided by FEMA. Primarily the dry-in House as its name implies provides a timely dried-in space which doubles as a customized infrastructure for the reconstruction of homes and neighborhoods. The project is designed to meet the $59,000 life cycle cost of the presently provided temporary housing, the notorious “FEMA Trailer”. However, the Dry-in House provides a solution that: a) Is permanent rather than temporary. The house will be finished and further customized over time rather than disposed of. b) Reoccupies the owner’s home site rather than a “FEMA ghetto” keeping the community together and functioning. c) Is mass customized rather than mass-standardized allowing the owner to have input on the design of their home. The design is a “starter home” rather than an inflexible and over-determined solution. This also has the benefit of giving variation to the reconstruction of New Orleans as opposed to the monotony of mass-production. d) Allows the owners to further customize their home over time with additional exterior finishes and the subdivision and fit out of the interior. By utilizing plate truss technology and associated parametric modeling software, highly customized trusses can be engineered and fabricated at no additional cost as compared to off-the-shelf trusses. This mass customization technology is employed to create the building section of each individual’s house. The truss is not used in its typical manner, spanning over the house; rather, it is extruded in section to form the house itself (roof, wall, and floor). Dry-in House exploits this building technology to quickly rebuild communities in a sensible manner. It allows for an increased speed of design and construction and most importantly it involves the owner in this process. The process has other benefits like reducing waste not only because it replaces the FEMA trailer which is expensive and disposable but also since the components are prefabricated there is more precision and also quality. The Dry-in House allows the owner-designer to “draw” the section of their new home providing them with a unique design and a sense of belonging and security. The design of the section of the house also provides them with spatial configurations customized relative to site conditions, program etc... Because of the narrow lot configuration of New Orleans, the design maximizes the roof as a source for natural ventilation and light for the interior of the house. In addition, the house is one room deep providing cross ventilation in all rooms minimizing reliance on artificial mechanical systems. The timely and efficient off site fabrication of building sections facilitate larger concentrations of volunteers on site at one time, thereby promoting a greater collective spirit among the community and volunteer workforce, a therapeutic event for the community as they participate in the rebuilding of their homes and city. With individualized building sections arriving on site, the construction process is imagined to be more akin to a barn raising, making possible the drying in of multiple houses in less than one day.
keywords	mass customization; digital manufacturing; affordable housing
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:53

_id	ddss2006-pb-85
id	DDSS2006-PB-85
authors	João Pinelo
year	2006
title	Land Use Location and Urban Topology - Exploring this relationships' relevance and an approach methodology
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Progress in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Eindhoven: Eindhoven University of Technology, ISBN-10: 90-386-1756-9, ISBN-13: 978-90-386-1756-5, p. 85-100
summary	This work's first aim is to analyse the relationship between urban axes' topological properties and urban land use location. The second aim is to do it in a straightforward reliable way. A bottom-top methodology is proposed and explored. It is commonly accepted that land use searches within the city for a convenient location, concerning their business. Location is influenced by several factors. These factors and their relative importance differ among land uses. Accessibility is usually recognised as an important factor. This work analyses some land uses in the city of Lisbon in relation to the location parameter: topological accessibility. The exploratory work made clearer it worth studying topology's role in the location of urban land use. Although short on land use types, its wide spectrum in relation to service level confirms both urban topology as an important location parameter and the proposed method as promising.
keywords	Land use location, Space Syntax, Bottom-top methodology
series	DDSS
last changed	2006/08/29 12:55

_id	caadria2006_237
id	caadria2006_237
authors	N.BILORIA, K.OOSTERHUIS, C. AALBERS
year	2006
title	DESIGN INFORMATICS: (A case based investigation into parametric design, scripting and CNC based manufacturing techniques)
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2006.x.q9e
source	CAADRIA 2006 [Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Kumamoto (Japan) March 30th - April 2nd 2006, 237-244
summary	The research paper exemplifies a novel information integrated design technique developed at ONL (Oosterhuis and Lenard), Netherlands, specifically appropriated for envisaging complex geometric forms. The ‘informed design technique’, apart from being highly instrumental in conceptualizing and generating the geometric component constituting architectural form in a parametric manner, is also efficiently utilized for precise computer aided manufacturing and construction of the speculated form. Geometric complexities inherent in contemporary architectural constructs and the time spent in appropriation of such topologies, fueled the ‘informed design’ approach, which caters to issues of timely construction, precision oriented design and production (visual and material) and parametric modeling attuned to budgetary fluctuations. This design-research approach has been tested and deployed by ONL, for conceiving ‘the Acoustic Barrier’ project, Utrecht Leidsche Rijn in the Netherlands and is treated as a generic case for exemplifying the ‘informed design’ technique in this research paper. The design methodology encourages visualizing architectural substantiations from a systems perspective and envisages upon a rule based adaptive systems approach involving extrapolation of contextual dynamics/ground data in terms of logical ‘rules’. These rules/conditionalities form the basis for spawning parametric logistics to be mapped upon geometric counterparts exemplifying the conception. The simulated parametric relations bind dimensional aspects (length, width, height etc.) of the geometric construct in a relational manner, eventually culminating in a 3D spatial envelope. This evolved envelope is subsequently intersected with a ‘parametric spatio-constructive grid’, creating specific intersecting points between the two. The hence extorted ‘point cloud’ configuration serves as a generic information field concerning highly specific coordinates, parameters and values for each individual point/constructive node it embodies. The relations between these points are directly linked with precise displacements of structural profiles and related scaling factors of cladding materials. Parallel to this object oriented modeling approach, a detailed database (soft/information component) is also maintained to administer the relations between the obtained points. To be able to derive constructible structural and cladding components from the point cloud configuration customized Scripts (combination of Lisp and Max scripts) process the point cloud database. The programmed script-routines, iteratively run calculations to generate steel-wire frames, steel lattice-structure and cladding panels along with their dimensions and execution drawing data. Optimization-routines are also programmed to make rectifications and small adjustments in the calculated data. This precise information is further communicated with CNC milling machines to manifest complex sectional profiles formulating the construct hence enabling timely and effective construction of the conceptualized form.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:49

_id	ijac20064201
id	ijac20064201
authors	Vollen, Jason; Clifford, Dale
year	2006
title	The Peculiar Nodal Generator: a speculation
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 4 - no. 2, 1-15
summary	Economically abandoned cities as well as urban cores depopulated because of catastrophic events have spawned urban renewal projects of all varieties. Often these projects promote civic programs such as arenas, theaters, museums, and aquariums as replacements for what was once an interactive public realm. Unfortunately the realization of these large programs promotes a disconnected series of sequestered activities rather than the prospect of a lively and potentially frenetic urban center governed by chance interactions. As an intervening strategy, this paper considers the possibility of implementing Nodal Generators, responsive systems that sense and adapt to environmental fluctuations to create localized microclimates capable of providing unscripted public space in the discarded and interstitial regions of the modern city. Inspired biotically and explored digitally, the Nodal Generators provide a linkage between community and technology using smart materials and adaptive assemblies. This paper details several speculations on the nature and form of these nodes and proposes their implementation into urban arid situations.We can postulate that while the nodal generators speculated upon in this paper might at first draw attention to themselves through spectacle, they will ultimately create a shared community experience through eventual inhabitation of that public space.
series	journal
last changed	2007/03/04 07:08

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