Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	sigradi2006_e172c
id	sigradi2006_e172c
authors	Donath, Dirk and González Böhme, Luis Felipe
year	2006
title	A Constraint-Based Building Bulk Design Support
source	SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 278-282
summary	We introduce an architecture practice-oriented implementation strategy of constraint-based methods called BDS (Building Bulk Design Support) to supporting bulk analysis during the architectural programming phase. We examine the optmization problem of site coverage and building massing according to a set of standard planning and zoning regulations, and try a problem solving approach based on the paradigm of constraint satisfaction problems. The case study, which is focused on the paticipatory planning of very low-income dwellings within the Latin American context, serves as testbed for a prototypical application of the adopted methodology. The BDS constitutes a novel approach on computer-aided bulk analysis, regarding this particularly relevant context of application. In the case of participatively planned low-income housing projects, efficiency regarding time and cost of planning directly affects dwellers’ quality of life, whereas elementary programming tasks such as bulk analysis lack appropriate state-of-the-art technological support. Traditional architectural planning methods demand a large domain-specific knowledge base and skillful planners. A planning process, which is mainly driven by the formulation of planning-relevant constraints and sets of solution alternatives, suggests to avoid architects’ traditional procedure of: 1. Create an (yet not necessarily valid) instance of the eventual design solution by directly choosing specific values for its shape parameters. 2. Evaluate its validity by confronting the designed model to a set of applicable constraints, which have to be satisfied. Instead, the constraint-based design methodology poses a search procedure that operates in a space of pertinent constraint sets. A computer-aided interactive search procedure to find more valid design solution alternatives in less time and with less effort is particularly qualified to supply efficient support for participatory planning activities carried out between dwellers and planners. The set of solutions for a building-bulk design problem is constrained by both a large complex system of planning and zoning regulations and the geometry of the eventual design solution itself. Given a considerable amount of such regulations, a regular size geometric constraint satisfaction system proved to be capable of providing a highly efficient, interactive modeling and evaluation tool for the formulation in real time of valid solution alternatives for an ordinary building-bulk design problem. A BDS implementation will constitute one system module of a larger integrated system model called Esther. A BDS tool shall interact with other functional modules, like e.g. the FLS (Floor plan Layout Support), which also uses constraint-based design methods.
keywords	constraint-based design; bulk analysis; participatory planning; low-income housing; design theory; design proces
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:50

_id	sigradi2006_e171c
id	sigradi2006_e171c
authors	González Böhme, Luis Felipe and Vargas Cárdenas, Bernardo
year	2006
title	Foundations for a Constraint-Based Floor Plan Layout Support in Participatory Planning of Low-Income Housing
source	SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 283-287
summary	We introduce the foundations of a novel approach that deals with constraint-based design methods to supporting participatory planning processes of low-income dwellings. We examine the space allocation problem inside the architectural domain on the basis of graph theory and combinatorics, providing a concise mathematical background for an implementation strategy called FLS (Floor plan Layout Support), which is analyzed here for the first time regarding this particular context of application. The philosophy underlying a design method that is mainly driven by the formulation of distinct constraints suggests to avoid the traditional procedure of first to create a yet not necessarily valid instance of the eventual design solution by directly choosing specific parameter values of its shape, and later on to evaluate its validity by confronting the designed model to a set of applicable constraints. Instead, constraint-based design poses a search procedure that operates in a space of planning-relevant constraint sets. The FLS methodology integrates some few principles of constraint-based automated reasoning with high user interactivity, into a design environment where as much dwellers as planners can collaboratively work in solving spatial organization problems of housing projects. The FLS model of application makes use of a combination of dweller-specified constraints, planning and zoning regulations, and a small library of modular space units. Constraint-based design ! methods are particularly capable of supplying efficient support for the collaborative involvement of dwellers into the architectural programming process of her/his own home. Mainly, because dwellers themselves tend to describe their space need and design intentions as a set of constraints on room quantity, space utilization, circulation system, allocation of available furniture, available budget, construction time, and so forth. The goal is to achieve an integrated tool for finding and modelling topologically valid solutions for floor plan layout alternatives, by combining user-driven interactive procedures with automatic search and generative processes. Thus, several design alternatives can be explored in less time and with less effort than using mainstream procedures of architectural practice. A FLS implementation will constitute one system module of a larger integrated system model called Esther. A FLS tool shall interact with other functional modules, like e.g. the BDS (Building Bulk Design Support), which also uses constraint-based design methods. A preliminary procedural model for the FLS was tested on Chile’s official social housing standards (Chilean Building Code – OGUC. Art. 6.4.1) which are very similar to most Latin American housing programs currently in operation.
keywords	constraint-based design; floor plan layout; participatory planning; low-income housing; design theory; design proces
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:52

_id	ascaad2006_paper17
id	ascaad2006_paper17
authors	Rahman, Rashidah AB. and Alan Day
year	2006
title	A Comparative Study of Digital and Traditional Tools for Participative Design
source	Computing in Architecture / Re-Thinking the Discourse: The Second International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2006), 25-27 April 2006, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
summary	Computer tools have been used by experts for a wide range of activities including design and planning, historical conservation, urban management, education, and marketing and promotion. However, the difficulty of using these tools has meant that they have only been used by experts and their benefits have not been available to the public when engaged in participative design exercises. This paper reviews the extent of computer tool usage within urban design and goes on to propose a new way of utilizing digital tools in order to involve non-experts. The work that is presented here takes the form of an experiment which compares the traditional participative design approach with one that employs a three-dimensional digital approach. The setting for the experiment is based on the design of student housing on the University of Bath campus in the United Kingdom. Findings from the experiment demonstrate that the digital toolkit that is proposed has considerable potential to aid the process of participatory design.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2007/04/08 19:47

_id	ddss2006-pb-343
id	DDSS2006-PB-343
authors	Jumphon Lertlakkhanakul, Sangrae Do, and Jinwon Choi
year	2006
title	Developing a Spatial Context-Aware Building Model and System to Construct a Virtual Place
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Progress in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Eindhoven: Eindhoven University of Technology, ISBN-10: 90-386-1756-9, ISBN-13: 978-90-386-1756-5, p. 343-358
summary	The current notion of space seems to be inappropriate to deal with contemporary and future CAAD applications because it lacks of user and social values. Instead of using a general term called 'space', our approach is to consider the common unit in architectural design process as a place composed of space, user and activity information. Our research focuses on developing a novel intelligent building data model carrying the essence of place. Through our research, the needs of using virtual architectural models among various architectural applications are investigated at first step. Second, key characteristics of spatial information are summarized and systematically classified. The third step is to construct a semantically-rich building data model based on structured floor plan and the semantic location modeling. Then intermediate functions are created providing an interface between the model and future applications. Finally, a prototype system, PlaceMaker, is developed to demonstrate how to apply our building data model to construct virtual architectural models embodying the essences of place.
keywords	Spatial context-aware building model, Spatial reasoning, Virtual place, Location modeling, Design constraint
series	DDSS
last changed	2006/08/29 12:55

_id	fcb4
id	fcb4
authors	Loemker, Thorsten Michael
year	2006
title	Solving Revitalization-Problems by the Use of a Constraint Programming Language
source	IKM 2006, International Conference on the Applications of Computer Science and Mathematics in Architecture and Civil Engineering, Weimar, July 2006
summary	This research focuses on an approach to describe principles in architectural layout planning within the domain of revitalization. With the aid of mathematical rules, which are executed by a computer, solutions to design problems are generated. Provided that “design” is in principle a combinatorial problem, i.e. a constraint-based search for an overall optimal solution of a problem, an exemplary method will be described to solve such problems in architectural layout planning. To avoid conflicts relating to theoretical subtleness, a customary approach adopted from Operations Research has been chosen in this work [1]. In this approach, design is a synonym for planning, which could be described as a systematic and methodical course of action for the analysis and solution of current or future problems. The planning task is defined as an analysis of a problem with the aim to prepare optimal decisions by the use of mathematical methods. The decision problem of a planning task is represented by an optimization model and the application of an efficient algorithm in order to aid finding one or more solutions to the problem. The basic principle underlying the approach presented herein is the understanding of design in terms of searching for solutions that fulfill specific criteria. This search is executed by the use of a constraint programming language.
keywords	Revitalization, Optimization, Constraint Programming, OPL
series	other
type	short paper
email
more	http://euklid.bauing.uni-weimar.de/ikm2006-cd/data/templates/papers/f26.pdf
last changed	2008/10/13 14:02

_id	ascaad2006_paper7
id	ascaad2006_paper7
authors	Lömker, Thorsten M.
year	2006
title	Designing with Machines: solving architectural layout planning problems by the use of a constraint programming language and scheduling algorithms
source	Computing in Architecture / Re-Thinking the Discourse: The Second International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2006), 25-27 April 2006, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
summary	In 1845 Edgar Allan Poe wrote the poem “The Raven”, an act full of poetry, love, passion, mourning, melancholia and death. In his essay “The Theory of Composition” which was published in 1846 Poe proved that the poem is based on an accurate mathematical description. Not only in literature are structures present that are based on mathematics. In the work of famous musicians, artists or architects like Bach, Escher or Palladio it is evident that the beauty and clarity of their work as well as its traceability has often been reached through the use of intrinsic mathematic coherences. If suchlike structures could be described within architecture, their mathematical abstraction could supplement “The Theory of Composition” of a building. This research focuses on an approach to describe principles in architectural layout planning in the form of mathematical rules that will be executed by the use of a computer. Provided that “design” is in principle a combinatorial problem, i.e. a constraint-based search for an overall optimal solution of a design problem, an exemplary method will be described to solve problems in architectural layout planning. Two problem domains will be examined: the design of new buildings, as well as the revitalization of existing buildings. Mathematical and syntactical difficulties that arise from the attempt to extract rules that relate to the process of building design will be pointed out. To avoid conflicts relating to theoretical subtleness a customary approach has been chosen in this work which is adopted from Operations Research. In this approach design is a synonym for planning, which could be described as a systematic and methodical course of action for the analysis and solution of current or future problems. The planning task is defined as an analysis of a problem with the aim to prepare optimal decisions by the use of mathematical methods. The decision problem of a planning task is represented by an optimization model and the application of an efficient algorithm to aid finding one or more solutions to the problem. The basic principle underlying the approach presented herein is the understanding of design in terms of searching for solutions that fulfill specific criteria. This search will be executed by the use of a constraint programming language, which refers to mathematical as well as to integer and mixed integer programming. Examples of architectural layout problems will be presented that can be solved by the use of this programming paradigm. In addition to this, a second programming approach resulting from the domain of resource-allocation has been followed in this research. It will be demonstrated that it is as well possible, to aid architectural layout planning by the use of scheduling algorithms.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2007/11/27 08:22

_id	sigradi2006_e011c
id	sigradi2006_e011c
authors	Narahara, Taro and Terzidis, Kostas
year	2006
title	Optimal Distribution of Architecture Programs with Multiple-constraint Genetic Algorithm
source	SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 299-303
summary	A genetic algorithm (GA) is a search technique for optimizing or solving a problem based on evolutionary biology, using terms and processes such as genomes, chromosomes, cross-over, mutation, or selection. The evolution starts from a population of completely random individuals and happens in generations. In each generation, the fitness of the whole population is evaluated, multiple individuals are stochastically selected from the current population (based on their fitness), modified (mutated or recombined) to form a new population, which becomes current in the next iteration of the algorithm. In architecture, GAs are of special interest mainly because of their ability to address a problem offering a multiplicity of possible solutions. Contrary to other algorithms where the objective is to accommodate a manually conceived diagram, GAs are emergent procedures that evolve over time through multiple attempt cycles (i.e. generations) and therefore offer a bottom-up approach to design. In addition, by using the computational power of computers they can resolve complex interactions between multiple factors and under multiple constraints offering solutions that occasionally surprise the designer. One of the main problems in architecture today is the quantity of the information and the level of complexity involved in most building projects. As globalization and economic development has started to arise at unprecedented levels, the need for large urban developments have become commonplace. Housing projects for a few hundreds to thousands of people have started to emerge over large urban areas. In such cases, the old paradigm for housing design was the development of high rises that served as stacking devices for multiple family housing units. Such a direction was unfortunately the only way to address excessive complexity using manual design skills mainly because it was simple to conceive but also simple to construct. The unfortunate nature of this approach lies rather in the uniformity, similarity, and invariability that these projects express in comparison to individuality, discreteness, and identity that human beings and families manifest. One of the main areas of complexity that could benefit architecture is in housing projects. In these projects there is a typology of residential units that need to be combined in various schemes that will fulfill multiple functional, environmental, and economic constraints. In this paper, the design of a 200-unit residential complex on a corner of two streets in an urban context was investigated as a case study. Recent advancement in tectonics and structural engineering enables the realization of buildings in mega scales and starts to introduce another layer of complexity into the building programs. Conventional design methods relying on the preconceived knowledge based approaches are no longer reliable. Beyond the certain quantitative factors and the complexity of the problems, search occasionally enters into the unpredictable domain of the human perception. Computational approaches to design allows us to go through thousands of iterations in a second and find the solution sets beyond the reach of designers’ intuitive search spaces. Genetic Algorithm can be a potential derivative for finding optimum design solution from indeterminate search spaces constrained by multi dimensional factors.
keywords	Genetic Algorithm; Housing Design; Multiple-constraint
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:55

_id	ddss2006-hb-203
id	DDSS2006-HB-203
authors	Gerhard Zimmermann
year	2006
title	Multi-Agent Model to Multi-Process Transformation - A housing market case study
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Innovations in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Springer, ISBN-10: 1-4020-5059-3, ISBN-13: 978-1-4020-5059-6, p. 203-219
summary	Simulation is a means to help urban planners and investors to optimize inhabitant satisfaction and return on investment. An example is the optimal match between household preferences and property profiles. The problem is that not enough knowledge exists yet about dynamic user activity models to build reliable and realistic simulators. Therefore, we propose a modeling and software technique that produces simulator prototypes very efficiently for the development, test, and evaluation of many different user activity models, using executable models, code generation, and a domain specific software process. As a specific feature, the model is based on many agents acting independently from each other and that are mapped in several refinement steps into the same number of concurrent processes. The housing example is used as a case study to explain the process and show performance results.
keywords	Agent technology, User activity modeling, User activity simulation, Software engineering, Code generation, Software process
series	DDSS
last changed	2006/08/29 12:55

_id	ddss2006-hb-187
id	DDSS2006-HB-187
authors	Lidia Diappi and Paola Bolchi
year	2006
title	Gentrification Waves in the Inner-City of Milan - A multi agent / cellular automata model based on Smith's Rent Gap theory
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Innovations in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Springer, ISBN-10: 1-4020-5059-3, ISBN-13: 978-1-4020-5059-6, p. 187-201
summary	The aim of this paper is to investigate the gentrification process by applying an urban spatial model of gentrification, based on Smith's (1979; 1987; 1996) Rent Gap theory. The rich sociological literature on the topic mainly assumes gentrification to be a cultural phenomenon, namely the result of a demand pressure of the suburban middle and upper class, willing to return to the city (Ley, 1980; Lipton, 1977, May, 1996). Little attempt has been made to investigate and build a sound economic explanation on the causes of the process. The Rent Gap theory (RGT) of Neil Smith still represents an important contribution in this direction. At the heart of Smith's argument there is the assumption that gentrification takes place because capitals return to the inner city, creating opportunities for residential relocation and profit. This paper illustrates a dynamic model of Smith's theory through a multi-agent/ cellular automata system approach (Batty, 2005) developed on a Netlogo platform. A set of behavioural rules for each agent involved (homeowner, landlord, tenant and developer, and the passive 'dwelling' agent with their rent and level of decay) are formalised. The simulations show the surge of neighbouring degradation or renovation and population turn over, starting with different initial states of decay and estate rent values. Consistent with a Self Organized Criticality approach, the model shows that non linear interactions at local level may produce different configurations of the system at macro level. This paper represents a further development of a previous version of the model (Diappi, Bolchi, 2005). The model proposed here includes some more realistic factors inspired by the features of housing market dynamics in the city of Milan. It includes the shape of the potential rent according to city form and functions, the subdivision in areal submarkets according to the current rents, and their maintenance levels. The model has a more realistic visualisation of the city and its form, and is able to show the different dynamics of the emergent neighbourhoods in the last ten years in Milan.
keywords	Multi agent systems, Housing market, Gentrification, Emergent systems
series	DDSS
last changed	2006/08/29 12:55

_id	ddss2006-pb-153
id	DDSS2006-PB-153
authors	Linda Ma, Theo Arentze, Aloys Borgers, and Harry Timmermans
year	2006
title	A Multi-Agent Model for Generating Local Land-Use Plans in the Context of an Urban Planning Support System
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Progress in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Eindhoven: Eindhoven University of Technology, ISBN-10: 90-386-1756-9, ISBN-13: 978-90-386-1756-5, p. 153-168
summary	In a multi-player urban planning process, the outcome of any individual decision of the actors is uncertain until a state where the plan is satisfactory for all. To support the plan generation phase, this paper develops a generic multi-agent system, in which agents represent particular land-uses. In the system, agents higher in the hierarchy have priority over agents lower in the hierarchy to claim units of land. This one-direction claim process may result in a plan that is not optimal for every agent. The system, therefore, allows agents to revise their plans in an iterative procedure. A case study illustrates centralized, semi-centralized and decentralized solutions for a plan area based on the outcomes of different strategies used by facility agents (retail, green, schools) and a housing agent. The results show that the proposed system is able to generate rational and realistic plan alternatives for new residential areas.
keywords	Multi-agent system, Planning support system, Plan alternative, Land use planning
series	DDSS
last changed	2006/08/29 12:55

_id	ddss2006-hb-105
id	DDSS2006-HB-105
authors	Stefania Bandini, Sara Manzoni, and Giuseppe Vizzari
year	2006
title	Crowd Modeling and Simulation - The role of multi-agent simulation in design support systems
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Innovations in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Springer, ISBN-10: 1-4020-5059-3, ISBN-13: 978-1-4020-5059-6, p. 105-120
summary	The paper presents a Multi Agent Systems (MAS) approach to crowd modelling, based on the Situated Cellular Agents (SCA) model. This is a special class of Multilayered Multi Agent Situated System (MMASS), a model providing an explicit representation of the environment which has a relevant role in supplying agents a context allowing them to act and interact (among themselves and with the environment). The paper will briefly introduce the model and a methodology for the analysis of a crowd scenario and the design of SCA based crowd simulations. The adoption of this kind of system allows evaluating an architectural design with reference to the behaviour of pedestrian that will act in it, given a behavioural specification for these entities. The system is also able to produce a realistic visualization of the simulation, in order to facilitate the communication with involved actors (e.g. in case of participatory decisions).
keywords	Artificial intelligence, Agent technology, Simulation
series	DDSS
last changed	2006/08/29 12:55

_id	2006_302
id	2006_302
authors	Dounas, Theodoros and Anastasios M. Kotsiopoulos
year	2006
title	Generation of alternative designs in architectural problems using Shape Grammars defined with animation tools - A computer implementation of shape grammars using modelling and animation software
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2006.302
source	Communicating Space(s) [24th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-5-9] Volos (Greece) 6-9 September 2006, pp. 302-307
summary	We present a model of generation of alternative designs to selected architectural and spatial configurations of small complexity. Specifically we present a production pipeline of architectural / spatial configurations using the context of animation and time based design tools. Our model consists of time and space design constraints of boundaries / objects affecting a given architectural design, thus producing an alternative solution for every timeframe of the animation cycle. The alternative designs vary from the original according to their temporal and/or spatial distance from the original object on the animation time-line. The constraints placed upon the objects , used as actuators of Shape Grammars, are defined informally by the user/designer while their influence can vary according to time, speed, location, configuration of the object and/or the constraint itself. However the constraints further function as formal rules for the Shape Grammar creation so that our model tries to predict ahead of time the emergence of alternate designs. The employ of animation tools [shape driven curves, speed and time-line functions,parent child relationships] in the shape generation of our model empowers the user/designer to configure whole sets of shapes and designs interactively and without the need to define every solution independently. Simultaneously, a different, time-focused view of our model describes its use on designs that develop different configurations over time. Thus a duality of our model is established: either the animated schema may be a sum or family of various designs or the animated time-line represents a single design which changes over time. Finally the possibility of an automated analysis of every design is discussed, using Space Syntax diagrams so the designer can quickly evaluate the various spatial configurations produced by a single original.
keywords	shape computation; shape grammar computer implementation; alternative designs; animation software techniques
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	sigradi2006_e149b
id	sigradi2006_e149b
authors	Kendir, Elif
year	2006
title	Prêt-à-Construire – An Educational Inquiry into Computer Aided Fabrication
source	SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 162-165
summary	This paper aims to show and discuss the relevance of developing necessary strategies for reintegrating the concept of fabrication into the architectural design process. The discussion will be partly based on the outcome of a graduate architectural design studio conducted in Spring semester 2002-2003. The graduate studio was part of a series of exploratory studies conducted on the nature of architectural design process transformed by information technologies. Preceded by studios investigating cognition and representation, this last studio focused on the concept of fabrication. The overarching aim of the studio series was to put CAD and CAM in context both within the actual architectural design process and within architectural education. The last of this series, which will be discussed within the frame of this paper, has specifically focused on CAM and the concept of fabrication in architecture. In accordance with the nature of a design studio, the research was more methodological than technical. The studio derived its main inspiration from the constructional templates used in dressmaking, which can be considered as an initial model for mass customization. In this context, the recladding of Le Corbusier’s Maison Domino was given as the main design problem, along with several methodological constraints. The main constraint was to develop the design idea through constructional drawings instead of representational ones. The students were asked to develop their volumetric ideas through digital 3D CAD models while working out structural solutions on a physical 1/50 model of Maison Domino. There was also a material constraint for the model, where only specified types of non-structural paper could be used. At this stage, origami provided the working model for adding structural strength to sheet materials. The final outcome included the explanation of different surface generation strategies and preliminary design proposals for their subcomponents. The paper will discuss both the utilized methodology and the final outcome along the lines of the issues raised during the studio sessions, some of which could be decisive in the putting into context of CAD – CAM in architectural design process. One such issue is mass customization, that is, the mass production of different specific elements with the help of CAM technologies. Another issue is “open source” design, indicating the possibility of a do-it-yourself architecture, where architecture is coded as information, and its code can be subject to change by different designers. The final key issue is the direct utilization of constructional drawings in the preliminary design phase as opposed to representational ones, which aimed at reminding the designer the final phase of fabrication right from the beginning. Finally, the paper will also point at the problems faced during the conduct of the studio and discuss those in the context of promoting CAM for architectural design and production in countries where there is no actual utilization of these technologies for these purposes yet.
keywords	Education; Fabrication; CAM
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:53

_id	caadria2006_217
id	caadria2006_217
authors	KILIAN, AXEL
year	2006
title	DESIGN EXPLORATION WITH CIRCULAR DEPENDENCIES: A chair design experiment
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2006.x.q2e
source	CAADRIA 2006 [Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Kumamoto (Japan) March 30th - April 2nd 2006, 217-226
summary	The paper demonstrates the need for advanced models of representation for circular dependency networks common in design problems that deal with multiple constraints. Constraints in a design problem are generally perceived as limitations to design exploration. The careful construction of constraint relationships can help to turn constraints into design drivers for the problem instead. Closely related to the notion that new goals may emerge from creating designs is the idea that one goal of planning may be the design activity itself (Simon 1981). The interplay of many constraints can lead to circular dependencies that make design exploration a challenge as any change causes ripples throughout the entire design construct. D’Arcy Thompson (1942) describes form as a diagram of forces. The construction of design representations that reflect such dependency networks pose a challenge and are far from exact matches of the task environment (Simon 1981). The paper proceeds in mapping these abstract observations of the circular dependencies in the design process to a chair experiment from design to fabrication giving detailed descriptions of the interdependencies of material, fabrication and aesthetic constraints. The experiment shows how those constraints were instrumental in achieving the aesthetics of the full scale prototype.
series	CAADRIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:49

_id	ijac20064106
id	ijac20064106
authors	Kilian, Axel
year	2006
title	Design innovation through constraint modeling
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 4 - no. 1, 87-105
summary	In this paper we describe how constraint modeling can support design innovation. Furthermore, we lay out how constraints are employed in the construction and exploration of a model's design space. We place the approach within the context of design exploration using computational and conceptual representations of design. A review of the literature reveals that geometric, topologic, functional, and quantitative constraints are those most commonly used. For each constraint type, an example is presented drawing from several workshops and research conducted by the author. The examples range from product design, to structural design, to fabrication issues in freeform geometry. Based on the case studies, we describe how the different types of constraints can be used as design drivers and help in the exploration of solution spaces. In conclusion, we identify the need for bidirectional exercising of constraints as the next challenge in design exploration and discuss how it is relevant in particular for cross domain design.
keywords	Design Exploration; Constraint Modeling; Parametric Modeling
series	journal
email
more	http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/mscp/ijac/2006/00000004/00000001/art00007
last changed	2007/03/04 07:08

_id	2006_874
id	2006_874
authors	Lee, Ming-xian and Ji-Hyun Lee
year	2006
title	Form, Style and Function - A Constraint-Based Generative System for Apartment Façade Design
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2006.874
source	Communicating Space(s) [24th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-5-9] Volos (Greece) 6-9 September 2006, pp. 874-883
summary	This paper describes the development of a constraint-based generative system (FSF system) to support the design of middle and high-rise apartment façades from architectural plans. Floor plan and façade designs are heavily interrelated, and, sometimes, the plan constrains the façade design during the design process. This relationship lends itself to apply constraint-based systems and we have designed the system to connect intelligently between apartment plan and façade. In our system, we define constraints into three categories: structural form, architectural style and function. We use genetic algorithm to generate plausible alternatives quickly and augmented by a constraint-based system, façades can be generated and modified much more easily in terms of real-time visual feedback for checking violence of the constraints and of dealing with updates smoothly through intelligent connecting plans to façades.
keywords	Generative system; Plan-to-façade; Constraint-based system; Intelligent CAD; Style description
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	73ae
id	73ae
authors	Loemker, Thorsten Michael
year	2006
title	Revitalization of Existing Buildings through Sustainable Non-Destructive Floor Space Relocation
source	GBEN 2006, Global Built Environment Network: Towards an Integrated Approach for Sustainability, P. 181-189
summary	The revitalisation of existing buildings is getting more and more important. We are facing a situation where in many cases there is no need to design new buildings because an increasing number of existing buildings is not used anymore. The most ecological procedure to revitalise these buildings would be through a continuous usage and by making few or no alterations to the stock. Thus, the modus operandi could be named a “non-destructive” approach. From the architects’ point of view, non-destructive redesign of existing buildings is time-consuming and complex. The methodology we developed to aid architects in solving such tasks is based on exchanging or swapping utilisation of specific rooms to converge in a design solution. With the aid of mathematical rules, which will be executed by the use of a computer, solutions to floor space relocation problems will be generated. Provided that “design” is in principle a combinatorial problem, i.e., a constraint-based search for an overall optimal solution of a problem, an exemplary method will be described to solve such problems.
keywords	Revitalisation, Optimisation, Floor Space Relocation, Constraint Programming
series	other
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2008/10/13 13:57

_id	c7e6
id	c7e6
authors	Loemker, Thorsten Michael
year	2006
title	Digital Tools for Sustainable Revitalization of Buildings - Finding new Utilizations through Destructive and Non-Destructive Floor Space Relocation
source	Proceedings of the International Conference on Urban, Architectural and Technical Aspects of the Renewal of the Countryside IV., Bratislava, May 2006
summary	In 1845 Edgar Allan Poe wrote the poem “The Raven”, an act full of poetry, love, passion, mourning, melancholia and death. In his essay “The Theory of Composition” which was published in 1846 Poe proved that the poem is based on an accurate mathematical description. Not only in literature are structures present that are based on mathematics. In the work of famous musicians, artists or architects like Bach, Escher or Palladio it is evident that the beauty and clarity of their work as well as its traceability has often been reached through the use of intrinsic mathematic coherences. If suchlike structures could be described within architecture, their mathematical abstraction could supplement “The Theory of Composition” of a building. This research focuses on an approach to describe layout principles of existing buildings in the form of mathematical rules. Provided that “design” is in principle a combinatorial problem, i.e. a constraint-based search for an overall optimal solution of a design problem, two exemplary methods will be described to apply new utilizations to existing buildings through the use of these rules.
series	other
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2008/10/13 14:06

_id	acadia06_261
id	acadia06_261
authors	Lömker, Thorsten M.
year	2006
title	Revitalization of Existing Buildings through Sustainable Non-Destructive Floor Space Relocation
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2006.261
source	Synthetic Landscapes [Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture] pp. 261-268
summary	The revitalization of existing buildings is gaining importance. We are facing a development where, in many cases, there is no need to design new buildings because an increasing number of existing buildings are not used anymore. The most ecological procedure to revitalize these buildings would be through a continued usage and by making few or no alterations to the stock. Thus, the modus operandi could be called a “non-destructive” approach.From the architect’s point of view, non-destructive redesign of existing buildings is time-consuming and complex. The methodology we developed to aid architects in solving such tasks is based on exchanging or swapping utilization of specific rooms in order to reach a design solution. With the aid of mathematical rules, which will be executed by the use of a computer, solutions to floor space relocation problems will be generated. Provided that “design” is in principle a combinatorial problem, i.e., a constraint-based search for an overall optimal solution of a problem, an exemplary method will be described to solve such problems.The design of the model developed is related to problems in logistics (e.g., the loading in trans-shipment centers). The model does not alter geometric proportions or locations of rooms, but solely changes their occupancy such that a new usage could be applied to the building. From our point of view, non-destructive models can play an important role in floor space relocation processes. Our examinations demonstrate that new patterns of utilization could be found through the use of this model.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	2006_804
id	2006_804
authors	Lömker, Thorsten M.
year	2006
title	Non-Destructive Floor Space Relocation with the Aid of a Constraint Programming Language
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2006.804
source	Communicating Space(s) [24th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-5-9] Volos (Greece) 6-9 September 2006, pp. 804-807
summary	This research focuses on an approach to describe principles in non-destructive floor space relocation within the domain of revitalization. With the aid of mathematical rules, which are executed by the use of a computer, solutions to floor space relocation problems are generated. Provided that “design” is in principle a combinatorial problem, i.e., a constraint-based search for an overall optimal solution, an exemplary method is described to solve such problems.
keywords	Revitalization; Optimization; Constraint Programming; OPL
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

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