Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	2006_000
id	2006_000
authors	Bourdakis, Vassilis and Charitos, Dimitris (eds.)
year	2006
title	Communicating Space(s)
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2006
source	24th eCAADe Conference Proceedings [ISBN 0-9541183-5-9], Volos (Greece) 6-9 September 2006, 914 p.
summary	The theme of this conference builds on and investigates the pre-existing and endlessly unfolding relationship between two domains of scientific inquiry: Architecture, urban design and planning, environmental design, geography and Social theory, media and communication studies, political science, cultural studies and social anthropology. Architectural design involves communication and could thus be partly considered a communicational activity. Designers (or not) see architectural designs, implicitly, as carriers of information and symbolic content; similarly buildings and urban environments have been “read” and interpreted by many (usu- ally not architects) as cultural texts. At the same time, social and cultural studies have studied buildings and cities, as contexts for social and cultural activities and life in general, from their mundane expression of “everyday life” (Highmore, 2001) to elite expressions of artistic creativity and performance. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) support both of these levels of scientific inquiry in many ways. Most importantly however, ICTs need design studies, architectural and visual design, social and cultural studies in their quest to create aesthetically pleasing, ergonomically efficient and functional ICT sys- tems; this need for interdisciplinarity is best articulated by the low quality of most on-line content and applica- tions published on the web.
series	eCAADe
type	normal paper
email
more	http://www.ecaade.org
last changed	2022/06/07 07:49

_id	cf2011_p016
id	cf2011_p016
authors	Merrick, Kathryn; Gu Ning
year	2011
title	Supporting Collective Intelligence for Design in Virtual Worlds: A Case Study of the Lego Universe
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 637-652.
summary	Virtual worlds are multi-faceted technologies. Facets of virtual worlds include graphical simulation tools, communication, design and modelling tools, artificial intelligence, network structure, persistent object-oriented infrastructure, economy, governance and user presence and interaction. Recent studies (Merrick et al., 2010) and applications (Rosenman et al., 2006; Maher et al., 2006) have shown that the combination of design, modelling and communication tools, and artificial intelligence in virtual worlds makes them suitable platforms for supporting collaborative design, including human-human collaboration and human-computer co-creativity. Virtual worlds are also coming to be recognised as a platform for collective intelligence (Levy, 1997), a form of group intelligence that emerges from collaboration and competition among large numbers of individuals. Because of the close relationship between design, communication and virtual world technologies, there appears a strong possibility of using virtual worlds to harness collective intelligence for supporting upcoming ‚Äúdesign challenges on a much larger scale as we become an increasingly global and technological society‚Äù (Maher et al, 2010), beyond the current support for small-scale collaborative design teams. Collaborative design is relatively well studied and is characterised by small-scale, carefully structured design teams, usually comprising design professionals with a good understanding of the design task at hand. All team members are generally motivated and have the skills required to structure the shared solution space and to complete the design task. In contrast, collective design (Maher et al, 2010) is characterised by a very large number of participants ranging from professional designers to design novices, who may need to be motivated to participate, whose contributions may not be directly utilised for design purposes, and who may need to learn some or all of the skills required to complete the task. Thus the facets of virtual worlds required to support collective design differ from those required to support collaborative design. Specifically, in addition to design, communication and artificial intelligence tools, various interpretive, mapping and educational tools together with appropriate motivational and reward systems may be required to inform, teach and motivate virtual world users to contribute and direct their inputs to desired design purposes. Many of these world facets are well understood by computer game developers, as level systems, quests or plot and achievement/reward systems. This suggests the possibility of drawing on or adapting computer gaming technologies as a basis for harnessing collective intelligence in design. Existing virtual worlds that permit open-ended design ‚Äì such as Second Life and There ‚Äì are not specifically game worlds as they do not have extensive level, quest and reward systems in the same way as game worlds like World of Warcraft or Ultima Online. As such, while Second Life and There demonstrate emergent design, they do not have the game-specific facets that focus users towards solving specific problems required for harnessing collective intelligence. However, a new massively multiplayer virtual world is soon to be released that combines open-ended design tools with levels, quests and achievement systems. This world is called Lego Universe (www.legouniverse.com). This paper presents technology spaces for the facets of virtual worlds that can contribute to the support of collective intelligence in design, including design and modelling tools, communication tools, artificial intelligence, level system, motivation, governance and other related facets. We discuss how these facets support the design, communication, motivational and educational requirements of collective intelligence applications. The paper concludes with a case study of Lego Universe, with reference to the technology spaces defined above. We evaluate the potential of this or similar tools to move design beyond the individual and small-scale design teams to harness large-scale collective intelligence. We also consider the types of design tasks that might best be addressed in this manner.
keywords	collective intelligence, collective design, virtual worlds, computer games
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	ddss2006-hb-467
id	DDSS2006-HB-467
authors	A. Fatah gen. Schieck, A. Penn, V. Kostakos, E. O'Neill, T. Kindberg, D. Stanton Fraser, and T. Jones
year	2006
title	Design Tools for Pervasive Computing in Urban Environments
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Innovations in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Springer, ISBN-10: 1-4020-5059-3, ISBN-13: 978-1-4020-5059-6, p. 467-486
summary	In this paper we report on ongoing research in which the implications of urban scale pervasive computing (always and everywhere present) are investigated for urban life and urban design in the heritage environment of the city of Bath. We explore a theoretical framework for understanding and designing pervasive systems as an integral part of the urban landscape. We develop a framework based on Hillier's Space Syntax theories and Kostakos' PSP framework which encompasses the analysis of space and spatial patterns, alongside the consideration of personal, social and public interaction spaces to capture the complex relationship between pervasive systems, urban space in general and the impact of the deployment of pervasive systems on people's relationships to heritage and to each other. We describe these methodological issues in detail before giving examples from early studies of the types of result we are beginning to find.
keywords	Urban space, Pervasive systems, Urban computing, Space Syntax, Interaction space
series	DDSS
last changed	2006/08/29 12:55

_id	acadia19_278
id	acadia19_278
authors	Ca?izares, Galo
year	2019
title	Digital Suprematism
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2019.278
source	ACADIA 19:UBIQUITY AND AUTONOMY [Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-59179-7] (The University of Texas at Austin School of Architecture, Austin, Texas 21-26 October, 2019) pp. 278-287
summary	It is widely held that sometime around 2006, the World Wide Web as we knew it mutated into Web 2.0. This colloquial label signaled a shift from an Internet designed for us to an Internet designed by us. Nowhere was this more explicitly stated than in Time Magazine’s 2006 Person of the Year selection: You. More than a decade later, Internet browsers have evolved into ubiquitous interfaces accessible from mobile devices, tablet computers, public kiosks, workstations, laptops, etc. It would, therefore, not be an overstatement to say that the browser is the most widespread content canvas in the world. Designers frequently use web browsers for their ability to exhibit and organize content. They are the sites for portfolios, announcements, magazines, and at times, discussions. But despite its flexibility and rich infrastructure, rarely is the browser used to generate design elements. Thanks to advanced web development languages like JavaScript and open-source code libraries, such as p5.JS, Matter.JS, and Three.JS, browsers now support interactive and spatial content. Typically, these tools are used to generate gimmicks or visual effects, such as the parallax illusion or the infinite scroll. But if we perceive the browser as a timebased picture plane, we can immediately recognize its architectonic potential. This paper puts forth a method for engaging the creative potential of web-based media and Internet browsers. Through example projects, I argue that the Internet browser is a highly complex spatial plane that warrants more architectural analysis and experimentation.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	ddss2006-hb-447
id	DDSS2006-HB-447
authors	G. Arthaud and J.C. Lombardo
year	2006
title	Automatic Semantic Comparison of STEP Product Models - Application to IFC product models
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Innovations in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Springer, ISBN-10: 1-4020-5059-3, ISBN-13: 978-1-4020-5059-6, p. 447-463
summary	This paper introduces an original method to compare IFC models and more generally any STEP models. Unlike common 'diff-like' tools which compare textual files by proceeding line against line, our approach compares actual graphs created from STEP-files. Therefore added, removed, and changed objects can be tracked between two versions of the model. Besides, this standalone tool does not need any heavy database to work so it is fully adapted to design methods of construction projects, where actors are free to modify a local version of their project without any dependence on the database. Moreover it is reusable for other industrial fields thanks to its compatibility with any STEP model. This tool is a part from a more global project which tends to improve accessibility and sustainability of IFC therefore it can be used as a support for VR based design tools.
keywords	Industry Foundation Classes (IFC), STEP models, EXPRESS language, Semantic comparison, Design process
series	DDSS
last changed	2006/08/29 12:55

_id	cf2011_p027
id	cf2011_p027
authors	Herssens, Jasmien; Heylighen Ann
year	2011
title	A Framework of Haptic Design Parameters for Architects: Sensory Paradox Between Content and Representation
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 685-700.
summary	Architects‚Äîlike other designers‚Äîtend to think, know and work in a visual way. In design research, this way of knowing and working is highly valued as paramount to design expertise (Cross 1982, 2006). In case of architecture, however, it is not only a particular strength, but may as well be regarded as a serious weakness. The absence of non-visual features in traditional architectural spatial representations indicates how these are disregarded as important elements in conceiving space (Dischinger 2006). This bias towards vision, and the suppression of other senses‚Äîin the way architecture is conceived, taught and critiqued‚Äîresults in a disappearance of sensory qualities (Pallasmaa 2005). Nevertheless, if architects design with more attention to non visual senses, they are able to contribute to more inclusive environments. Indeed if an environment offers a range of sensory triggers, people with different sensory capacities are able to navigate and enjoy it. Rather than implementing as many sensory triggers as possible, the intention is to make buildings and spaces accessible and enjoyable for more people, in line with the objective of inclusive design (Clarkson et al. 2007), also called Design for All or Universal Design (Ostroff 2001). Within this overall objective, the aim of our study is to develop haptic design parameters that support architects during design in paying more attention to the role of haptics, i.e. the sense of touch, in the built environment by informing them about the haptic implications of their design decisions. In the context of our study, haptic design parameters are defined as variables that can be decided upon by designers throughout the design process, and the value of which determines the haptic characteristics of the resulting design. These characteristics are based on the expertise of people who are congenitally blind, as they are more attentive to non visual information, and of professional caregivers working with them. The parameters do not intend to be prescriptive, nor to impose a particular method. Instead they seek to facilitate a more inclusive design attitude by informing designers and helping them to think differently. As the insights from the empirical studies with people born blind and caregivers have been reported elsewhere (Authors 2010), this paper starts by outlining the haptic design parameters resulting from them. Following the classification of haptics into active, dynamic and passive touch, the built environment unfolds into surfaces that can act as ‚Äúmovement‚Äù, ‚Äúguiding‚Äù and/or ‚Äúrest‚Äù plane. Furthermore design techniques are suggested to check the haptic qualities during the design process. Subsequently, the paper reports on a focus group interview/workshop with professional architects to assess the usability of the haptic design parameters for design practice. The architects were then asked to try out the parameters in the context of a concrete design project. The reactions suggest that the participating architects immediately picked up the underlying idea of the parameters, and recognized their relevance in relation to the design project at stake, but that their representation confronts us with a sensory paradox: although the parameters question the impact of the visual in architectural design, they are meant to be used by designers, who are used to think, know and work in a visual way.
keywords	blindness, design parameters, haptics, inclusive design, vision
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	acadia06_079
id	acadia06_079
authors	Kumar, Shilpi
year	2006
title	Architecture and Industrial Design A Convergent Process for Design
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2006.079
source	Synthetic Landscapes [Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture] pp. 79-94
summary	The use of technology has grown with the way design professions have evolved over time. Changing needs, desires of comfort, and perceptions of the consumers have led to a distinct improvement in the design of both product and architecture. The use of the digital media and emerging technologies has brought a dramatic change to the design process allowing us to view, feel, and mould a virtual object at every stage of design, development, and engineering. Change is often quick and easy since a virtual product does not inherently carry the biases of its physical counterpart. In order to communicate ideas across the team, digital processes are also used to bring together opinions, experiences, and perspectives. These methods encourage decision making based on information rather than prejudice or instinct. Thus, digital exchanges (technology) impact firm strategies at three levels: product, process, and administrative or support activities (Adler 1989).Digital tools for design exchange in Industrial Design (ID) began much earlier than many other professions. The profession of Architecture is also slowly moving to a similar model with digital exchange finding increasing prevalence in drawing, modeling, performance simulation, design collaboration, construction management, and building fabrication. The biggest problem is the disintegrated use of technology in the architectural profession without a strategy toward streamlining the design process from conception to fabrication. In this paper we investigate how the use of technology has evolved in the professions of Industrial Design and Architecture comparatively in their product, process, and support activities. Further, we will present a set of guidelines that will help architects in the convergence of design process, helping in a more efficient work flow with a strategic use of digital technology.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	bsct_tsiopoulou
id	bsct_tsiopoulou
authors	Tsiopoulou, Chamaidi
year	2006
title	Calibrated Sky Luminance Maps for Daylight Simulation
source	Vienna University of Technology; Building Science & Technology
summary	Building design and control applications can benefit from daylight simulation. Sky models help to model the sky conditions and predict the availability of daylight in indoor environments. Sky luminance is changing according to the weather, the season of the year and the time of the day, therefore it is difficult to create an accurate sky model. The simplified models that are currently used for computational simulation do not take into account these constant changes. It is important to test if there is the possibility of creating a sky model that approaches the characteristics of real sky and provides the architects with more precise daylight predictions. As past research has demonstrated, relatively low-cost sky luminance mapping via digital imaging can provide an alternative to highly sophisticated sky scanners and support the provision of information on sky luminance distribution patterns on a more pervasive basis. The aim of this research is first to explore the potential of deriving sky luminance distribution maps based on digital imaging and then to test their efficiency for the prediction of indoor daylight. A comparison is made between the predictions based on existing sky models (CIE Standard Skies and Perez All-weather sky) and the camera-based sky model. Thus, the effects of the selection of the sky model on indoor daylighting prediction are explored. A set of measurements were performed at the roof of the TU Vienna in order to obtain the necessary data. The horizontal illuminance levels due to 12 sky sectors were measured with the help of a sky monitoring device. A scale (1:5) model of an architectural space was used to measure the indoor illuminance values with the help of three sensors. At the same time, images of the sky were obtained with the help of a digital camera with a fish-eye converter. Luminance values were derived from the images and four calibration methods were used to generate accurate sky luminance distribution maps. These variously calibrated luminance values were then compared with the corresponding photometric measurements. Finally, the application of a digitally derived sky model based on the best calibration method was compared with the other two sky models toward the prediction of indoor illuminance levels using the case of the scale model. The results demonstrated that the camera-based sky model was more reliable than the other two sky models. It was concluded that digital imaging combined with parallel photometric calibration can provide a valuable means for a real-time generation of sky luminance maps. Detailed sky luminance models can be generated and their application can increase the predictive accuracy of the computational daylight prediction tools. Moreover, the reliability of daylight simulation can be increased toward supporting the design process and the operation of daylighting systems in buildings.
keywords	Daylight simulation; sky luminance mapping; digital imaging; sky models.
series	thesis:MSc
type	normal paper
email
more	http://cec.tuwien.ac.at
last changed	2006/07/02 22:33

_id	sigradi2006_e029b
id	sigradi2006_e029b
authors	Kotsopoulos, Sotirios
year	2006
title	Integrating Computation in Foundation Design Instruction
source	SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 166-170
summary	The paper outlines notions suitable for the introduction of computation at the first stages of design education. An exercise, based on a housing competition sponsored by the Habitat For Humanity in Boston, Massachusetts, is presented. The educational objective of the paper is to offer an elementary case of how computation can be used in designing from scratch, in the architectural studio. Shape grammar formalism, analogue, and CAD tools are combined in this effort.
keywords	Analogue-Digital; Foundation Design; Rule-based Composition
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:54

_id	sigradi2006_e034d
id	sigradi2006_e034d
authors	Ryan, Rachel and Donn, Michael
year	2006
title	A 3D, interactive, multilayered, web-enabled model as a tool for multiple sets of end user groups: A case study and end user analysis
source	SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 392-396
summary	This research undertakes a case study involving focus groups of potential end users, to identify how a successful digital tool could be created using new and emerging technologies, to accommodate the multiple needs of these end users. 2005 saw the completion of a research paper, which proposed that a single, 3 dimensional digital model of a city forming a core for many different information systems, is a better approach to the needs of the city than many individual models optimised for each information system. The case for the single 3D model was evaluated through the research, development, delivery and analysis of a prototype 3 Dimensional model of Wellington City, New Zealand, presenting different ‘views’ of information in Wellington: a rendered visualisation in an animated “walkthrough”; the impact of planning constraints on daylight; interactive “plots” of property values. The development and delivery of the prototype model was analysed in regards to how complex, costly and time consuming it may be to exploit one base model for several purposes; and also therefore how beneficial, affordable and potentially successful a single model may be. The prototype model was created to test the idea, and therefore provided conclusions based on a limited feasibility analysis - with four potential information layers modelled and two potential delivery methods tested. The prototype model and user analysis results were presented in a research report that suggested further research and development of a single model could be very beneficial: Positive feedback from potential end users and data providers, and examples of potential data mining opportunities forming the basis of the need for continued research. 2006 sees the research continue as an 18 month research project in conjunction with an industry partner, Terralink International, (http://www.terralink.co.nz/). Terralink International Limited provides GIS and mapping solutions which according to their web site: “enable better business management.” The company maintains a national resource of “imagery, cartography, and spatial databases” and provides consultancy services linking these to company databases through GIS systems. The research investigates the potential for 3 dimensional, interactive, multilayered models to enhance delivery of information to multiple end user groups. The research method uses functional prototypes in end-user focus group workshops. These workshops, consisting of a combination of presentations, hands on interactive examples, group discussions, and individual feedback surveys, aim to establish how a tool might best be developed to communicate to a wide range of end users. The means of delivery whether a stand alone tool or web-based is a key element of the user group workshop assessment process. Note: The submission of the prototype tool (via video or interactive media) would greatly increase the effectiveness of the research presentation. Ability to include such media would be greatly appreciated.
keywords	multilayered; 3D; end users; interactive; web-enabled
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:59

_id	sigradi2006_e159b
id	sigradi2006_e159b
authors	Barrow, Larry
year	2006
title	Digital Design Pedagogy - Basic Design - CADCAM Space Box Exploration
source	SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 127-130
summary	This proposed paper will highlight the work of a “pre-architecture” graduate student’s work produced in a “Digital Design II” course in Spring 06. This student has a bachelor’s degree in Architectural Technologies and hopes to attend a “professional” degree program in architecture after completing our Master of Science degree program. The student entered our “pre / post-professional” graduate program as a means of learning more about design, technology and architecture. This provided a rare opportunity to do “research” in the area of digital technology in the early formative phases of a new architecture / design students development. The student chose to study “shadows” as a means of design inquiry. The primary focus of the work was the study of various “4” x 4” x 4” “space-cubes.” The student was given various “design” constraints, and “transformative” operations for the study of positive-negative space relationships, light+shadows, and surface as a means of gaining in-sight to form. The CADCAM tools proved to be empowering for the student’s exploration and learning. With the recent emergence of both more user-friendly hardware and software, we are seeing a paradigm shift in design “ideation.” This is attributed to the evolving human-computer-interface (HCI) that now allows a fluidic means of creative design ideation, digital representation and physical making. Computing technology is now infusing early conceptual design ideation and allowing designers, and form, to follow their ideas. The argument will be supported with primary evidence generated in our pedagogy and research that has shown the visualization and representational power of emerging 2D and 3D CADCAM tools. This paper will analyze the basic “digital design” process used by the writer’s student. Architectural form concepts, heretofore, impossible to model and represent, are now possible due to CADCAM. Emerging designers are integrating “digital thinking” in their fundamental conceptualization of form. These creative free-forms are only feasible for translation to tectonic form using digital design-make techniques. CADCAM tools are empowering designers for form exploration and design creativity. Current computing technology is now infusing the creative design process; the computer is becoming a design “partner” with the designer and is changing form and architecture; thus, we are now seeing unprecedented design-make creativity in architecture.
keywords	Basic Design; CADCAM; Digital Design; Virtual 3D Models; Physical 3D Printed Models
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	acadia06_302
id	acadia06_302
authors	Clarke, Cory
year	2006
title	Synthetic Dissemination
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2006.302
source	Synthetic Landscapes [Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture] pp. 302-303
summary	Synthetic Dissemination, within the context of architecture and information culture, offers seemingly contradictory possibilities. The ends of dissemination and synthesis are at odds. The purpose of the former being diffusion and distribution, and the byproduct of the latter being quite the opposite - namely the combination and association of information into a coherent whole. The conjoining of dissemination and synthesis implies these two contradictory operations can operate in a symbiotic or complementary manner.Relative to architecture and design the combination of dissemination and synthesis is potentially profound. The marriage of synthesis and dissemination presents a possibility that the method of distributing information could be, or have embedded within it, a synthetic process. In the simplest sense synthetic dissemination implies that the tools for design and synthesis could be the same as tools for documentation and dissemination; or more specifically that the fluidity and creativity of design software could be coupled with the practicality and meticulousness of building information modelers (BIM). More abstractly synthetic dissemination implies that the means of encoding and distributing information could propagate design. Architects have readily adopted digital tools for encoding and presenting their ideas, but have not fully recognized how the informational structures of these applications promote or hinder design. Developments in the information architecture of D software, such as the shift from geometrically based data structures to procedurally based directed action graphs (DAG) as seen in Maya and DMax, have opened up innovative methods of architectural design. Each new change in the information architecture of design software ushers in new approaches to design, raising the question - how does the production and storage of information affect design? More broadly, how can the tools of dissemination facilitate synthesis?
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	ascaad2006_paper4
id	ascaad2006_paper4
authors	Kouider, Tahar
year	2006
title	Evolution or Revolution: is digital conceptual design the way forward for Architects?
source	Computing in Architecture / Re-Thinking the Discourse: The Second International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2006), 25-27 April 2006, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
summary	This research investigates architectural conceptual design and discusses its recent historical, philosophical and theoretical development within the overall architectural design process and attempts to establish an objective definition more tuned to current thinking and advancement in technology. It also evaluates the various traditional and information technology (IT) tools available to the designer and establishes their relationship to the conceptual design process in order to identify if any of these tools, in particular the IT tools, have a role to play in the practice and the enhancement of the conceptual design process. A survey of Scottish practicing architects (small to medium size practices) was undertaken to validate the results of the investigation. The results seem to suggest that IT tools are not essential to the conceptual design process but that they are very well capable of enhancing the creativity and speed of some aspects of it. They also suggest the existence of an inherent resistance amongst Architects / designers to utilising these tools in conceptual design. It is, furthermore, identified that if practitioners were to encompass new working practices and acquire new skills, IT tools could also provide powerful new modes of communication with the client. A correlation between the size of the practice and the degree of exposure and experience of IT tools was also established. To test some of the above findings, a design studio experiment was undertaken where half of the students adopted digital tools, utilising SketchUp software and digital sketchpads, whilst the others adopted traditional tools for the conceptual design part of their projects. No attempt was made to gauge the quality of the actual designs produced. The results indicate that the SketchUp group rated their conceptual design experience higher in terms of efficiency, flexibility and communication. The control group, who had dominantly adopted traditional freehand sketching, were impressed by the outcome from the SketchUp group. All student who answered the questionnaire, both SketchUp and control groups, said they would consider adopting some form of 3D sketching in the future.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2007/04/08 19:47

_id	sigradi2014_164
id	sigradi2014_164
authors	Moroni Dotoranda, Janaina Luisa da Silva; Paulo Edi Rivero Martins, Dr.Giuseppe Lotti
year	2014
title	Estilo de herramientas didácticas que favorecen la creatividad. Tema: Nuevas metodologías de aprendizaje
source	SIGraDi 2014 [Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-9974-99-655-7] Uruguay - Montevideo 12 - 14 November 2014, pp. 245-249
summary	Creativity is an important factor for innovators. According to Eguchi and Pinheiro (2008) the basis of design is innovation because of the use creative methodology. It’s important to remember that the word “project” comes from the Latin “proyectus”, meaning “a forward throwing action”. According to Ramos (2006), “educating for creativity is essential.” Beetlestone (2000), De Bono (1993), Munari (1997) and Pawlak (2000) argue that as we’re children we’re curious to find answers to everything, but that traditional schooling brakes the creativity. This research is a methodological test which aims to identify the reasons for student’s selection of specific creative tools used in university projects.
keywords	Creativity; Innovation; Design; Education; Freedom
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:55

_id	ddss2006-pb-101
id	DDSS2006-PB-101
authors	Aloys W.J. Borgers, I.M.E. Smeets, A.D.A.M. Kemperman, and H.J.P. Timmermans
year	2006
title	Simulation of Micro Pedestrian Behaviour in Shopping Streets
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Progress in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Eindhoven: Eindhoven University of Technology, ISBN-10: 90-386-1756-9, ISBN-13: 978-90-386-1756-5, p. 101-116
summary	Over the years, scholars have developed various models of pedestrian movement. These models can be used to assess the effects of detailed design decisions or to predict pedestrian behaviour under conditions of crowding. To date, not much attention has been paid to pedestrians' shopping behaviour at the micro level. Therefore, the main purpose of this project is to test a model that aims at simulating micro pedestrian behaviour in shopping streets, including entering shops. The model assumes a detailed network of links to represent the structure of street segments and entrances to the shops. The basic principle underlying the model is that a pedestrian moves from one link in the network to another, adjacent link. In fact, a pedestrian enters a segment at one side, heading for the other side of the segment. However, a pedestrian might enter the segment by leaving a shop as well. Then, the pedestrian might be heading for either side of the segment. While transferring from the current link to the next link, the pedestrian will be attracted by the shops along both sides of the street. The study area is Antwerp's main shopping street. During a one-week workshop in July 2004, students observed pedestrian movement in this shopping street. An inventory of some physical characteristics of the shopping street was made and pedestrians were tracked through two separate segments of the shopping street. In total, 334 pedestrians were tracked. A conventional multinomial logit model is used to simulate pedestrians' micro behaviour. The process of consecutively selecting links continues until the pedestrian has reached one of the terminal links or a shop. The model performs very well. Simulated routes were used to assess the validity of the model. Observed and simulated link loading correspond fairly well, however, the model seems to slightly mispredict the attraction of a number of shops.
keywords	Micro pedestrian behaviour, Shopping street, Simulation
series	DDSS
last changed	2006/08/29 12:55

_id	sigradi2006_e131c
id	sigradi2006_e131c
authors	Ataman, Osman
year	2006
title	Toward New Wall Systems: Lighter, Stronger, Versatile
source	SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 248-253
summary	Recent developments in digital technologies and smart materials have created new opportunities and are suggesting significant changes in the way we design and build architecture. Traditionally, however, there has always been a gap between the new technologies and their applications into other areas. Even though, most technological innovations hold the promise to transform the building industry and the architecture within, and although, there have been some limited attempts in this area recently; to date architecture has failed to utilize the vast amount of accumulated technological knowledge and innovations to significantly transform the industry. Consequently, the applications of new technologies to architecture remain remote and inadequate. One of the main reasons of this problem is economical. Architecture is still seen and operated as a sub-service to the Construction industry and it does not seem to be feasible to apply recent innovations in Building Technology area. Another reason lies at the heart of architectural education. Architectural education does not follow technological innovations (Watson 1997), and that “design and technology issues are trivialized by their segregation from one another” (Fernandez 2004). The final reason is practicality and this one is partially related to the previous reasons. The history of architecture is full of visions for revolutionizing building technology, ideas that failed to achieve commercial practicality. Although, there have been some adaptations in this area recently, the improvements in architecture reflect only incremental progress, not the significant discoveries needed to transform the industry. However, architectural innovations and movements have often been generated by the advances of building materials, such as the impact of steel in the last and reinforced concrete in this century. There have been some scattered attempts of the creation of new materials and systems but currently they are mainly used for limited remote applications and mostly for aesthetic purposes. We believe a new architectural material class is needed which will merge digital and material technologies, embedded in architectural spaces and play a significant role in the way we use and experience architecture. As a principle element of architecture, technology has allowed for the wall to become an increasingly dynamic component of the built environment. The traditional connotations and objectives related to the wall are being redefined: static becomes fluid, opaque becomes transparent, barrier becomes filter and boundary becomes borderless. Combining smart materials, intelligent systems, engineering, and art can create a component that does not just support and define but significantly enhances the architectural space. This paper presents an ongoing research project about the development of new class of architectural wall system by incorporating distributed sensors and macroelectronics directly into the building environment. This type of composite, which is a representative example of an even broader class of smart architectural material, has the potential to change the design and function of an architectural structure or living environment. As of today, this kind of composite does not exist. Once completed, this will be the first technology on its own. We believe this study will lay the fundamental groundwork for a new paradigm in surface engineering that may be of considerable significance in architecture, building and construction industry, and materials science.
keywords	Digital; Material; Wall; Electronics
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	ddss2006-hb-3
id	DDSS2006-HB-3
authors	Guenter Emberger, Nikolaus Ibesich, and Paul Pfaffenbichler
year	2006
title	Can Decision Making Processes Benefit from a User Friendly Land Use and Transport Interaction Model?
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Innovations in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Springer, ISBN-10: 1-4020-5059-3, ISBN-13: 978-1-4020-5059-6, p. 3-18
summary	Urban regions today face serious challenges caused by past and ongoing transport and land use developments. Decision making in this context is a challenging task which was explored in detail in a series of research projects. To support decision making, tools were developed to reduce the risk of inappropriate decisions in the land use and transport context. One of these tools is MARS (Metropolitan Activity Relocation Simulator); an integrated dynamic land use and transport model. The paper presented here focuses therefore on two main issues: 1) the introduction of the decision support tool MARS and of the cause-effect relations between the land-use and the transport system implemented within MARS; and 2) the design and application of the MARS flight simulator (MARS FS) as a graphical user interface for MARS especially designed to the needs of decision makers.
keywords	Land-use and transport model, Dynamic modelling, Decision-making support, Policy instruments, Flight simulator
series	DDSS
last changed	2006/08/29 12:55

_id	ddss2006-hb-419
id	DDSS2006-HB-419
authors	Hung-Ming Cheng
year	2006
title	Generative Design in an Evolutionary Procedure - An approach of genetic programming
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Innovations in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Springer, ISBN-10: 1-4020-5059-3, ISBN-13: 978-1-4020-5059-6, p. 419-431
summary	This study describes a procedural design studio using Genetic Programming as the evolutionary mechanism and formal generation. This procedural design is integrated with a visualisation interface, which allows designers to interact and select from instances for design evolution. Evolutionary design facilitates designers in three areas: 1) diversify instances of design options; 2) inspect specific goals; 3) and enhance the possibility of discovering various potential solutions.
keywords	Artificial intelligent, Genetic algorithm, Generative design tools, Procedural design studio, Design exploration
series	DDSS
last changed	2006/08/29 12:55

_id	ddss2006-hb-325
id	DDSS2006-HB-325
authors	Jean Oh, Jie-Eun Hwang, Stephen F. Smith, and Kimberle Koile
year	2006
title	Learning from Main Streets - A machine learning approach identifying neighborhood commercial districts
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Innovations in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Springer, ISBN-10: 1-4020-5059-3, ISBN-13: 978-1-4020-5059-6, p. 325-340
summary	In this paper we explore possibilities for using Artificial Intelligence techniques to boost the performance of urban design tools by providing large scale data analysis and inference capability. As a proof of concept experiment we showcase a novel application that learns to identify a certain type of urban setting, Main Streets, based on architectural and socioeconomic features of its vicinity. Our preliminary experimental results show the promising potential for the use of machine learning in the solving of urban planning problems.
keywords	Main street approach, Community development, Artificial intelligence, Machine learning, Active learning algorithm
series	DDSS
last changed	2006/08/29 12:55

_id	caadria2006_133
id	caadria2006_133
authors	MARY LOU MAHER, MIKE ROSENMAN, KATHRYN MERRICK, OWEN MACINDOE, DAVID MARCHANT
year	2006
title	DESIGNWORLD: AN AUGMENTED 3D VIRTUAL WORLD FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY, COLLABORATIVE DESIGN
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2006.x.g2k
source	CAADRIA 2006 [Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Kumamoto (Japan) March 30th - April 2nd 2006, 133-142
summary	Large design projects, such as those in the AEC domain, involve collaboration between designers from many different design disciplines in varying locations. Existing tools for developing and documenting designs of buildings and other artifacts tend to focus on supporting a single user from a single discipline. This paper introduces DesignWorld, a prototype system for enabling collaboration between designers from different disciplines who may be in different physical locations. DesignWorld consists of a 3D virtual world augmented with a number of web-based communication and design tools. DesignWorld uses agent technology to maintain different views of a single design in order to support multidisciplinary collaboration and address issues such as multiple representations of objects, versioning, ownership and relationships between objects from different disciplines.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

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