Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	caadria2006_323
id	caadria2006_323
authors	SHANG-YUAN CHEN, MAO-LIN CHIU
year	2006
title	AGENT-BASED SMART SKINS: Fuzzy-logic and neuro-fuzzy approaches to smart house design
source	CAADRIA 2006 [Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Kumamoto (Japan) March 30th - April 2nd 2006, 323-330
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2006.x.s0x
summary	Recent developments in sensor, computing, and information and communication technologies have inspired the creation of new smart devices and environments. This paper proposes a “smart skin” that is capable of actively inferring and detecting normal or abnormal status, making optimal decisions, and learning to adapt its functions to map environmental variations to occupant needs. This paper explores the potential of smart skins and proposes three key elements for their integration: (1) intelligent agents, (2) context awareness, and (3) fuzzy logic and neuro-fuzzy systems. Prototypes are demonstrated and further discussion is made.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	sigradi2006_e131c
id	sigradi2006_e131c
authors	Ataman, Osman
year	2006
title	Toward New Wall Systems: Lighter, Stronger, Versatile
source	SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 248-253
summary	Recent developments in digital technologies and smart materials have created new opportunities and are suggesting significant changes in the way we design and build architecture. Traditionally, however, there has always been a gap between the new technologies and their applications into other areas. Even though, most technological innovations hold the promise to transform the building industry and the architecture within, and although, there have been some limited attempts in this area recently; to date architecture has failed to utilize the vast amount of accumulated technological knowledge and innovations to significantly transform the industry. Consequently, the applications of new technologies to architecture remain remote and inadequate. One of the main reasons of this problem is economical. Architecture is still seen and operated as a sub-service to the Construction industry and it does not seem to be feasible to apply recent innovations in Building Technology area. Another reason lies at the heart of architectural education. Architectural education does not follow technological innovations (Watson 1997), and that “design and technology issues are trivialized by their segregation from one another” (Fernandez 2004). The final reason is practicality and this one is partially related to the previous reasons. The history of architecture is full of visions for revolutionizing building technology, ideas that failed to achieve commercial practicality. Although, there have been some adaptations in this area recently, the improvements in architecture reflect only incremental progress, not the significant discoveries needed to transform the industry. However, architectural innovations and movements have often been generated by the advances of building materials, such as the impact of steel in the last and reinforced concrete in this century. There have been some scattered attempts of the creation of new materials and systems but currently they are mainly used for limited remote applications and mostly for aesthetic purposes. We believe a new architectural material class is needed which will merge digital and material technologies, embedded in architectural spaces and play a significant role in the way we use and experience architecture. As a principle element of architecture, technology has allowed for the wall to become an increasingly dynamic component of the built environment. The traditional connotations and objectives related to the wall are being redefined: static becomes fluid, opaque becomes transparent, barrier becomes filter and boundary becomes borderless. Combining smart materials, intelligent systems, engineering, and art can create a component that does not just support and define but significantly enhances the architectural space. This paper presents an ongoing research project about the development of new class of architectural wall system by incorporating distributed sensors and macroelectronics directly into the building environment. This type of composite, which is a representative example of an even broader class of smart architectural material, has the potential to change the design and function of an architectural structure or living environment. As of today, this kind of composite does not exist. Once completed, this will be the first technology on its own. We believe this study will lay the fundamental groundwork for a new paradigm in surface engineering that may be of considerable significance in architecture, building and construction industry, and materials science.
keywords	Digital; Material; Wall; Electronics
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	2006_656
id	2006_656
authors	Breen, Jack and Martijn Stellingwerff
year	2006
title	De-coding the Vernacular - Dynamic Representation Approaches to Case-based Compositional Study
source	Communicating Space(s) [24th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-5-9] Volos (Greece) 6-9 September 2006, pp. 656-663
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2006.656
summary	Representational approaches have always played an important role in the design-driven development of built environments, the analytical study of architectural compositions and their effects. With the introduction – and successive steady development – of computer-based platforms of visualization, the professional and intellectual palette of designers, as well as researchers, have expanded considerably. Nonetheless, in recent years the opportunities for systematic scrutiny and understanding of the expressive qualities of design proposals and artefacts have all too frequently been overshadowed by high-flying conceptual developments and seductive representation modes. It is time that the objective description and unravelling of architectural compositions – so to speak the discipline of Ekphrasis in design practice, education and research – is once again given more prominence in architectural discourse and debate. The central idea behind this contribution is that, by linking instruments of design with the methods of formal composition and decomposition, renewed opportunities for representation-driven study in a scholarly context, focusing upon elusive compositional attributes and their workings, may be given a new impulse. The project that is presented here concerns a case-based explorative study into the domains of aesthetic convention and invention, making use of a variety of virtual and physical representation techniques. These include digital as well as tangible modelling and sketching approaches (separately and in combination), in conjunction with computer-based image manipulation techniques, making use of systematic data identification and denotation. The opportunities, merits and shortcomings of the computer-based and physical visualization approaches, which were applied and tested, are discussed on the basis of results and findings from the ongoing AA Variations project.
keywords	Design representation; Computer-based sketching; Virtual and physical modelling; Compositional variation; Contemporary aesthetics
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	caadria2006_565
id	caadria2006_565
authors	CHEN CHIEN TUNG
year	2006
title	DESIGN ON SITE: Portable, Measurable, Adjustable Design Media
source	CAADRIA 2006 [Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Kumamoto (Japan) March 30th - April 2nd 2006, 565-567
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2006.x.b7f
summary	Space designers usually look for information on site before proceeding design. They image any possibilities of design, while they are on site. Restricted to traditional design media, if they want to develop their ideas further, they have to go back to desks. This kind of design process can capture only part of information of the site. Why not do some developments directly when designers are on the site? That is the starting point of this paper. The whole situation of site is very complicated, so it is very difficult discussing all the possibilities. In order to understand how to design on site, reducing the variations is needed. Tsai and Chang (2005) proposed a prototype about design on site, which focuses on land forming. So I chose interior as the site to reduce the variation and have more controllable factors. Still there are many factors effecting design on site, scale is very unique and very important factor of them. Beginners are difficult to really feel how long it is on the plan drawing, and even most advanced VR equipment still can’t fully present the rich information on the site. To experience the site though body, the main idea is how to propose a portable device that can support space designer to do design on site directly, with intuitional body movement and precise scale, and get feedback immediately.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:49

_id	acadia06_302
id	acadia06_302
authors	Clarke, Cory
year	2006
title	Synthetic Dissemination
source	Synthetic Landscapes [Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture] pp. 302-303
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2006.302
summary	Synthetic Dissemination, within the context of architecture and information culture, offers seemingly contradictory possibilities. The ends of dissemination and synthesis are at odds. The purpose of the former being diffusion and distribution, and the byproduct of the latter being quite the opposite - namely the combination and association of information into a coherent whole. The conjoining of dissemination and synthesis implies these two contradictory operations can operate in a symbiotic or complementary manner.Relative to architecture and design the combination of dissemination and synthesis is potentially profound. The marriage of synthesis and dissemination presents a possibility that the method of distributing information could be, or have embedded within it, a synthetic process. In the simplest sense synthetic dissemination implies that the tools for design and synthesis could be the same as tools for documentation and dissemination; or more specifically that the fluidity and creativity of design software could be coupled with the practicality and meticulousness of building information modelers (BIM). More abstractly synthetic dissemination implies that the means of encoding and distributing information could propagate design. Architects have readily adopted digital tools for encoding and presenting their ideas, but have not fully recognized how the informational structures of these applications promote or hinder design. Developments in the information architecture of D software, such as the shift from geometrically based data structures to procedurally based directed action graphs (DAG) as seen in Maya and DMax, have opened up innovative methods of architectural design. Each new change in the information architecture of design software ushers in new approaches to design, raising the question - how does the production and storage of information affect design? More broadly, how can the tools of dissemination facilitate synthesis?
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	2006_810
id	2006_810
authors	Dokonal, Wolfgang and Knight,Michael
year	2006
title	Pen or PC? - Is Sketching essential to architectural design?
source	Communicating Space(s) [24th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-5-9] Volos (Greece) 6-9 September 2006, pp. 810-817
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2006.810
summary	This paper reports on an ongoing student architectural design project that is investigating the differing effects of the use of PC’s or Pens in the design process. We are interested to see whether designing wholly on the computer with a volume modeling software would produce differing results to a traditional design process with a strong basis in 2D sketching. To minimize the influence of the participants previous experience in either the use of PC’s or the pen, we have been working with very young students that have not yet gone through a traditional training on architectural design and CAAD software. This is one of the key aspects of our experimental procedure. We have found that recent software developments in the field of CAAD clearly have and will influence the way architects design and brings the computer as a design tool to the “normal architect”. Until very recently the computer was seen as a design tool almost solely for “computer geeks” in the profession, the majority of architects still using it mainly as a drafting machine or to produce visualizations of their projects after a more ‘conventional’ design process had finished. It is now very clear to us that the ongoing change in technology will have a profound effect on the way all of us will work in future undertaking architectural design. It is an important question for every school of architecture what effect these developments will have on our teaching methods and the curricula. We use the above mentioned ongoing educational project to find out about the benefits and risks of using the computer as a design tool for first year students.
keywords	Early Design stages; Collaborative Design; Sketching
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	2006_860
id	2006_860
authors	Duarte, José P. and João Rocha
year	2006
title	A Grammar for the Patio Houses of the Medina of Marrakech - Towards a Tool for Housing Design in Islamic Contexts
source	Communicating Space(s) [24th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-5-9] Volos (Greece) 6-9 September 2006, pp. 860-866
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2006.860
summary	The goal of the research described in this paper is to develop a computational model of the Medina of Marrakech in Morocco. The ultimate goal is to develop a system that could capture some of the characteristics of traditional Muslim cities fabric and use it in contemporary urban planning. Previous papers have proposed the use of three grammars to encode the spatial complexity of the Medina: the urban grammar, the negotiation grammar, and the housing grammar, and addressed the development of the urban grammar. This paper proposes a grammar to describe the formal structure of the houses, the first step in the developments of the remaining two grammars. It describes the set of rules and then illustrates its application in the generation of an existing house. The basic formal structure consists of three concentric rectangular rings with the patio in the middle. The location of the entrance and the staircase are fundamental for the definition of the basic layout.
keywords	Shape grammars; housing design; Islamic architecture
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	5094
id	5094
authors	d’Estrée Sterk, Tristan
year	2006
title	Responsive Architecture: User-centered Interactions within the Hybridized Model of Control
source	Proceedings of the GAME, SET, MATCH II, conference at the Technical University of Delft, Netherlands, 29 March - 1 April 2006, pp. 494-501
summary	In the September 1969 issue of Architectural Design, Andrew Rabeneck wrote about the use of cybernetic devices within an automated architecture. He hypothesized that the concept of ‘flexibility’ was introduced to architecture because existing building technologies were inherently inflexible. He argued that architects should use cybernetic technologies to produce completely new types of increasingly flexible, user-centred, buildings. Three years later, Yona Friedman wrote about the changing relationship between clients and architects. He said that a new design methodology was needed because architects could not assess the future spatial needs of building users accurately enough. Proposing a new model, he split architectural design in two complementary halves, hardware design and software design, reasoning that this would give users the opportunity to adapt built spaces to suit their needs. Both of these ideas describe approaches to the production of an architecture that can change shape and configuration in response to changing patterns of use. Rabeneck’s approach illustrates the benefit of predictive technologies and automation, while Friedman’s model illustrates the benefit of user intervention and direct manipulation. This paper discusses developments in the field of responsive architecture in relation to two opposing user-centred interaction methodologies. It proposes methods for controlling responsive buildings and suggests that human computer interaction methodologies need to be re-thought and extended when applied within intelligent, responsive, architectures.
keywords	Responsive architecture, User-centred design, HCI, Intelligent buildings
series	other
type	normal paper
email
more	admin
last changed	2017/04/10 13:08

_id	caadria2015_246
id	caadria2015_246
authors	Fok, Wendy W.
year	2015
title	Delineating Crowd Sourced Ownership in the Digital Age for the Built Environment
source	Emerging Experience in Past, Present and Future of Digital Architecture, Proceedings of the 20th International Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2015) / Daegu 20-22 May 2015, pp. 43-52
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2015.043
summary	Time Magazine, had named the “Person of the Year” to “YOU” (the crowd) in 2006 , due to the infinite potentials of the thousands and millions of ‘yous’ who control the media and financing within the new digital democracy. These same citizens of digital innovation create the new platforms—seen in the early beta developments of Kickstarter, Twitter, Wikipedia, and Facebook—and contribute to the manipulation of international exchange of information and power, creating value propositions beyond the traditional product complexity of the market. Peer exchange and crowd organizational strategy will be used to innovate the built environment, and it is pertinent for “digital” property and “real” property to recognize and benefit from this emergence. Professional codes of conduct, economic values, and legal regulations have become a means to an end of the designing of digital and physical property, as digital barriers lift much of the necessary pre-cautions that is required to govern collaboration. This body of research explores the qualifying factors of open innovation identity between the creators and the consumers, the state of design ethics and ownership uncertainties pertaining to the combinatory methods and mechanisms that employ these technologies.
keywords	Open Innovation; Crowd source; Authorship; Ownership; Digital Media; Digital Property; Physical Property.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	ddss2006-hb-3
id	DDSS2006-HB-3
authors	Guenter Emberger, Nikolaus Ibesich, and Paul Pfaffenbichler
year	2006
title	Can Decision Making Processes Benefit from a User Friendly Land Use and Transport Interaction Model?
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Innovations in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Springer, ISBN-10: 1-4020-5059-3, ISBN-13: 978-1-4020-5059-6, p. 3-18
summary	Urban regions today face serious challenges caused by past and ongoing transport and land use developments. Decision making in this context is a challenging task which was explored in detail in a series of research projects. To support decision making, tools were developed to reduce the risk of inappropriate decisions in the land use and transport context. One of these tools is MARS (Metropolitan Activity Relocation Simulator); an integrated dynamic land use and transport model. The paper presented here focuses therefore on two main issues: 1) the introduction of the decision support tool MARS and of the cause-effect relations between the land-use and the transport system implemented within MARS; and 2) the design and application of the MARS flight simulator (MARS FS) as a graphical user interface for MARS especially designed to the needs of decision makers.
keywords	Land-use and transport model, Dynamic modelling, Decision-making support, Policy instruments, Flight simulator
series	DDSS
last changed	2006/08/29 12:55

_id	caadria2006_593
id	caadria2006_593
authors	GUI-HYUN LEE, EUN-JOO SIN, SO-YOUNG KIM, SUNG–HO WOO, SOON-BUM LIM
year	2006
title	REPRESENTATION TECHNIQUE FOR STRUCTURE AND PROCESS OF 3D CONSTRUCTION MODEL
source	CAADRIA 2006 [Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Kumamoto (Japan) March 30th - April 2nd 2006, 593-595
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2006.x.m2c
summary	With the recent developments in computer technology studies on how to digitally restore traditional buildings to their original state are being pursued. It is highly important that the public can be educated by digitally restoring these buildings online and/or offline. However, it is necessary to develop several techniques to understand a structural order and construction process in traditional buildings. We propose new techniques that we can better understand them and fit them into society in the education and the publicity.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	2006_074
id	2006_074
authors	Gül, Leman Figen and Mary Lou Maher
year	2006
title	The Impact of Virtual Environments on Design Collaboration
source	Communicating Space(s) [24th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-5-9] Volos (Greece) 6-9 September 2006, pp. 74-83
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2006.074
summary	With recent developments in communication and information technology there has been increasing research into the role and the impact of computer media in collaborative design. This paper presents a case study that compares two designers collaborating in three different types of virtual environments with face to face (FTF) collaboration. The aim of the study is to identify similarities and differences between remote locations in order to have a better understanding of the impact of different virtual environments on design collaboration. Our results show that the architects had different designing behaviour depending on the type of external representation: they developed more design concepts, and had more design iterations through analysis-synthesis-evaluation while designing FTF and in a remote sketching environment; while the same architects focused on one design concept and making the design when designing in 3D virtual worlds.
keywords	Collaborative design; virtual environments; remote sketching; 3D virtual worlds; face to face collaboration
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ddss2006-pb-313
id	DDSS2006-PB-313
authors	Jakob Beetz, Jos van Leeuwen, and Bauke de Vries
year	2006
title	Distributed Collaboration in the Context of the Semantic Web
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Progress in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Eindhoven: Eindhoven University of Technology, ISBN-10: 90-386-1756-9, ISBN-13: 978-90-386-1756-5, p. 313-323
summary	In this paper we are proposing a Multi Agent System (MAS) framework for the facilitation of distributed collaboration in the AEC/FM domain. We are showing how the stack of technologies developed in the Semantic Web community can be put to use for the specific requirements of the building industry. Based on our earlier findings and developments in the area of logic based knowledge representations for the Design and Construction industry, we are outlining how these can form the semantic foundations of internal agent representations and their interconnection using speech acts.
keywords	Collaborative design, Multi-agent systems, Semantic Web
series	DDSS
last changed	2006/08/29 12:55

_id	acadia06_356
id	acadia06_356
authors	Lonsway, Brian
year	2006
title	The Argument for the Argument Revisiting the Architecture Machine
source	Synthetic Landscapes [Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture] pp. 356-371
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2006.356
summary	The argument for the argument, that is, the defense of the computable quantity, has had a profound impact on the contemporary understanding of design practice. In this paper, I explore the history of the architectural-computational ‘argument’ to uncover a generally accepted yet poorly understood collusion between architectural and urban theory, structuralist semantics, and computation. From arguments about the machine to the mechanics of language, and from the language of architecture to the architecture machine, the argument for the argument has radically transformed contemporary design practices, but neither the history nor the theory behind these developments has been critically examined. My own argument seeks to build upon this nexus a hypothetical construct – a post-structuralist computer – as a provocation of sorts: a challenge to contemporary computational work in architecture to critically and philosophically address its current trajectories.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	sigradi2006_e011c
id	sigradi2006_e011c
authors	Narahara, Taro and Terzidis, Kostas
year	2006
title	Optimal Distribution of Architecture Programs with Multiple-constraint Genetic Algorithm
source	SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 299-303
summary	A genetic algorithm (GA) is a search technique for optimizing or solving a problem based on evolutionary biology, using terms and processes such as genomes, chromosomes, cross-over, mutation, or selection. The evolution starts from a population of completely random individuals and happens in generations. In each generation, the fitness of the whole population is evaluated, multiple individuals are stochastically selected from the current population (based on their fitness), modified (mutated or recombined) to form a new population, which becomes current in the next iteration of the algorithm. In architecture, GAs are of special interest mainly because of their ability to address a problem offering a multiplicity of possible solutions. Contrary to other algorithms where the objective is to accommodate a manually conceived diagram, GAs are emergent procedures that evolve over time through multiple attempt cycles (i.e. generations) and therefore offer a bottom-up approach to design. In addition, by using the computational power of computers they can resolve complex interactions between multiple factors and under multiple constraints offering solutions that occasionally surprise the designer. One of the main problems in architecture today is the quantity of the information and the level of complexity involved in most building projects. As globalization and economic development has started to arise at unprecedented levels, the need for large urban developments have become commonplace. Housing projects for a few hundreds to thousands of people have started to emerge over large urban areas. In such cases, the old paradigm for housing design was the development of high rises that served as stacking devices for multiple family housing units. Such a direction was unfortunately the only way to address excessive complexity using manual design skills mainly because it was simple to conceive but also simple to construct. The unfortunate nature of this approach lies rather in the uniformity, similarity, and invariability that these projects express in comparison to individuality, discreteness, and identity that human beings and families manifest. One of the main areas of complexity that could benefit architecture is in housing projects. In these projects there is a typology of residential units that need to be combined in various schemes that will fulfill multiple functional, environmental, and economic constraints. In this paper, the design of a 200-unit residential complex on a corner of two streets in an urban context was investigated as a case study. Recent advancement in tectonics and structural engineering enables the realization of buildings in mega scales and starts to introduce another layer of complexity into the building programs. Conventional design methods relying on the preconceived knowledge based approaches are no longer reliable. Beyond the certain quantitative factors and the complexity of the problems, search occasionally enters into the unpredictable domain of the human perception. Computational approaches to design allows us to go through thousands of iterations in a second and find the solution sets beyond the reach of designers’ intuitive search spaces. Genetic Algorithm can be a potential derivative for finding optimum design solution from indeterminate search spaces constrained by multi dimensional factors.
keywords	Genetic Algorithm; Housing Design; Multiple-constraint
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:55

_id	ascaad2006_paper27
id	ascaad2006_paper27
authors	Nubani, Linda N.
year	2006
title	Using Space Syntax Software in Explaining Crime
source	Computing in Architecture / Re-Thinking the Discourse: The Second International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2006), 25-27 April 2006, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
summary	Space syntax provides methods for analyzing spaces using recent developments in computer programs. This paper reports a study that was undertaken to investigate the role of space syntax in identifying geographical patterns of crime in Ypsilanti, Michigan. All the spaces in the city were analyzed using the Spatialist, a computer program developed by Georgia Tech. The Spatialist computes the accessibility level of all the spaces in a spatial system. Sociodemographic variables such as median income, racial composition, youth concentration and level of education were available from the U.S. Census. The crime report was obtained from the Ypsilanti Police Department and Eastern Michigan University. It includes data on four types of crime at an address level with the exact date and time. Both sociodemographic variables and crime data were merged with the Spatialist map using ArcGIS. The data was analyzed using SAS, an advanced statistical package. Findings showed strong relationships between attributes of space and crime locations.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2007/04/08 19:47

_id	cf2011_p163
id	cf2011_p163
authors	Park, Hyoung-June
year	2011
title	Mass-Customization in the Design of 4,000 Bus Stops
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 265-278.
summary	In Hawaii, ‚"TheBus‚" has been a main transportation system since 1971. Considering the high cost of living in Hawaii and the absence of a rail system, the use of ‚"TheBus‚" has been an instrumental vein of the city life in Honolulu with rhythmical pauses at about 4,000 bus stops in Honolulu. However, existing undifferentiated bus stops are developed from a cost effective mass production system so that they have been problematic for satisfying specific needs from various site conditions. In this research, an integrated computational method of mass-customization for designing 4,000 bus stops is introduced. According to various site conditions, the design of each bus stop is customized. Unlike the mass‚Äêproduced bus stops commonly seen in cities today, the proposed computational method in this paper produces bus stop design outcomes that fit into the physical characteristics of the location in which they are installed. Mass-customization allows for the creation and production of unique or similar buildings and building components, differentiated through digitally‚Äêcontrolled variation (Kolarevic, 2003). The employment of a computational mass‚Äêcustomization in architectural design extends the boundary of design solutions to the satisfaction of multi-objective requirements and unlimited freedom to search alternative solutions (Duarte, 2001; Caldas, 2006). The computational method developed in this paper consists of 1) definition of a prototype, 2) parametric variation, 3) manual deformation, and 4) simulation based deformation. The definition of a prototype is the development of a basic design to be transformed for satisfying various conditions given from a site. In this paper, the bus stop prototype is developed from the analysis of more than 300 bus stops and the categorization of the existing bus stops according to their physical conditions, contextual conditions, climatic conditions, and existing amenities. Based upon the outcome of the analysis, the design variables of a bus stop prototype are defined. Those design variables then guide the basic physical parameters for changing the physical configuration of the prototype according to a given site. From this, many possible design outcomes are generated as instances for further developments. The process of manual deformation is where the designer employs its intuition to develop the selected parametric variation. The designer is compelled to think about the possible implication derived from formal variation. This optional process allows every design decision to have a creative solution from an individual designer with an incidental quality in aesthetics, but substantiated functional quality. Finally the deformation of the selection is guided and controlled by the influence of sun direction/ exposure to the selection. The simulation based deformation starts with the movement of the sun as the trigger for generating the variations of the bus stop prototype. The implementation of the computational method was made within the combination of MEL (Maya Enbedded Language), autodesk MAYA and Ecotect environment.
keywords	mass-customization, parametric variation, simulation based deformation
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	acadia06_372
id	acadia06_372
authors	Senagala, Mahesh
year	2006
title	Going Past the Golem: The Emergence of Smart Architecture
source	Synthetic Landscapes [Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture] pp. 372-382
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2006.372
summary	At a time when the notion of smart architecture is gaining foothold as the next cutting edge in architecture, the paper attempts to provide a much needed historic overview of the emergence of smart architecture in terms of technologies and concepts. Additionally, the paper traces the many exciting current developments, challenges and opportunities from the viewpoint of architecture.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	ascaad2007_012
id	ascaad2007_012
authors	Zeile, P.; F. Farnoudi and B. Streich
year	2007
title	Fascination google earth – use in urban and landscape design
source	Em‘body’ing Virtual Architecture: The Third International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2007), 28-30 November 2007, Alexandria, Egypt, pp. 141-148
summary	Virtual 3D-City-and Architecture models, Virtual Globe systems like NASA World Wind and Google Earth as well as new attempts of immersive technologies become more important, not only among experts in spatial planning, but also many private users are interested in these new tools. These developments cause powerful impacts in the general social, cultural and everyday life. Given the dynamic development of Google Earth, the discussion about the representation and the use of geodata for a wide user group - beyond the planning disciplines - reaches new heights. According to expert's opinion, Google Earth with its computer language KML (Keyhole Markup Language) becomes a 3D-GIS-Standard [Rush in 2006]. By the easy and quick representation of three-dimensional (city) structures and single buildings, Google Earth will significantly influence all groups of society. User groups which have not been acquainted with geodata or highly specified and complex GIS-Systems [Dworschak in 2006], discover that working with this data by using Google Earth is great fun. They recognize, that with the help of generally understandable and easily recognizable visualisation of these data, mediation of knowledge becomes very easy. In addition, it is acknowledged that geodata has great potential to add value, in disciplines such as the academics, the financial sector or personal use.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2008/01/21 22:00

_id	2006_502
id	2006_502
authors	Zupancic, Tadeja; Michael Mullins and Matevz Juvancic
year	2006
title	Joint Curriculum Developments in the Field of Virtual Space Design
source	Communicating Space(s) [24th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-5-9] Volos (Greece) 6-9 September 2006, pp. 502-505
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2006.502
summary	The topic of joint degrees is high on the higher education policy agenda. The eCAADe 2006 theme offers the opportunity to investigate the topic from the aspect of virtual space design, especially within the second conference topic: communicating within mediated spaces (CVE-s). The paper proposed initiates a discussion-forum to raise and discuss open questions of joint curriculum development in the field of virtual space design, especially where CVE-s take the key role within the educational process. The starting points of the discussion can be found in the ongoing endeavours of the e-Learning project entitled VIPA and the current curricular changes in the ‘new’ EU countries following relevant directives and declarations. The main goal of this forum is the development of the specific criteria for quality assurance, to enhance the motivation of joint curricular developments in the field mentioned.
keywords	Architectural Education; E-Learning; Virtual Space
series	eCAADe
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last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

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