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CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	sigradi2006_e160c
id	sigradi2006_e160c
authors	Andrade, Max and Cheng, Liang-Yee
year	2006
title	Diretrizez Geométricas de Auxílio ao Processo de Projeto de Edifícios Residenciais [Geometrical Guidelines to Aid the Design of Floor Plants of Residential Buildings]
source	SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 243-247
summary	This paper discusses the basic principles of a geometric method to aid the design process of residential buildings. It makes part of the initial phases of a research whose aim is to develop a computer system to aid the sketching and evaluation of floor plant design of multi-storied residential buildings. The fundamental idea of the research is the existence of some basic patterns of floor plants that reflect the designer’s mental models in this category of building. The models are regarding the usage of the space such as forms and dimensions, the elements for the circulation and the external skins. During the design process, architects work on each one of these models to generate the sketches of the floor plant layout. Generally, the layout of an apartment in multi-storied buildings depends basically on the internal dynamics of the users without the complex relationship with the neighborhood environment as in the case of houses. In this way, it would be easier to identify, to organize and to associate the mental models of multi-storied buildings on geometric basis, which, in their turns, might be effectively used as inputs for the layout planning of new design. By applying the geometric basis, the architects may reduce the universe of feasible alternatives into a small group of heuristic solutions that can be described by using few simple guidelines. In addition to this, the geometric bases of the existing buildings might be used to build a knowledge-based system to aid the architectural design. The objective of this paper is to show some initial results of the research obtained from a survey and the case studies of form, dimensions and topology of existing buildings. To limit the scope of the discussion, only residential buildings with two to three bedrooms are considered. At first, a survey of plants of residential buildings with two and three bedrooms, in Brazil, is carried out. In the next step, the dimensions, shape, external skin perimeter, circulation system and accessibility are analyzed. Finally, typical topologies of the building are investigated.
keywords	Design process; geometric method; residential buildings
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	sigradi2006_e172c
id	sigradi2006_e172c
authors	Donath, Dirk and González Böhme, Luis Felipe
year	2006
title	A Constraint-Based Building Bulk Design Support
source	SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 278-282
summary	We introduce an architecture practice-oriented implementation strategy of constraint-based methods called BDS (Building Bulk Design Support) to supporting bulk analysis during the architectural programming phase. We examine the optmization problem of site coverage and building massing according to a set of standard planning and zoning regulations, and try a problem solving approach based on the paradigm of constraint satisfaction problems. The case study, which is focused on the paticipatory planning of very low-income dwellings within the Latin American context, serves as testbed for a prototypical application of the adopted methodology. The BDS constitutes a novel approach on computer-aided bulk analysis, regarding this particularly relevant context of application. In the case of participatively planned low-income housing projects, efficiency regarding time and cost of planning directly affects dwellers’ quality of life, whereas elementary programming tasks such as bulk analysis lack appropriate state-of-the-art technological support. Traditional architectural planning methods demand a large domain-specific knowledge base and skillful planners. A planning process, which is mainly driven by the formulation of planning-relevant constraints and sets of solution alternatives, suggests to avoid architects’ traditional procedure of: 1. Create an (yet not necessarily valid) instance of the eventual design solution by directly choosing specific values for its shape parameters. 2. Evaluate its validity by confronting the designed model to a set of applicable constraints, which have to be satisfied. Instead, the constraint-based design methodology poses a search procedure that operates in a space of pertinent constraint sets. A computer-aided interactive search procedure to find more valid design solution alternatives in less time and with less effort is particularly qualified to supply efficient support for participatory planning activities carried out between dwellers and planners. The set of solutions for a building-bulk design problem is constrained by both a large complex system of planning and zoning regulations and the geometry of the eventual design solution itself. Given a considerable amount of such regulations, a regular size geometric constraint satisfaction system proved to be capable of providing a highly efficient, interactive modeling and evaluation tool for the formulation in real time of valid solution alternatives for an ordinary building-bulk design problem. A BDS implementation will constitute one system module of a larger integrated system model called Esther. A BDS tool shall interact with other functional modules, like e.g. the FLS (Floor plan Layout Support), which also uses constraint-based design methods.
keywords	constraint-based design; bulk analysis; participatory planning; low-income housing; design theory; design proces
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:50

_id	acadia06_542
id	acadia06_542
authors	Faulders, Thom
year	2006
title	Airspace Tokyo
source	Synthetic Landscapes [Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture] pp. 542-543
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2006.542
summary	Airspace Tokyo is designed to establish a screened buffer zone - a thin, super-compact artificial “yard” that protects the building’s occupants from the pressing context of the dense urban environment outside. The new white, minimalist four-story building, designed by a Tokyo architect, is a stacked four unit multi-family dwelling with a garage and two large professional photography studios for lease on its ground floor. Located in the Ota-ku area of the city, the site was previously occupied by the owner with a sprawling residence that was wrapped by a layer of dense vegetation, and was unique in a city where open space is rare amidst the high demand for built space. Since the entire site is to now be razed to accommodate construction for the new and much larger development, the design intention for the screen is to invent an architectural system that performs with similar attributes to the demolished green strip and creates an atmospheric zone of protection. In effect, the demolished two meters of setback width of open ground space is now to be reduced into a new zone with a width of only 20 cm.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	sigradi2006_e171c
id	sigradi2006_e171c
authors	González Böhme, Luis Felipe and Vargas Cárdenas, Bernardo
year	2006
title	Foundations for a Constraint-Based Floor Plan Layout Support in Participatory Planning of Low-Income Housing
source	SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 283-287
summary	We introduce the foundations of a novel approach that deals with constraint-based design methods to supporting participatory planning processes of low-income dwellings. We examine the space allocation problem inside the architectural domain on the basis of graph theory and combinatorics, providing a concise mathematical background for an implementation strategy called FLS (Floor plan Layout Support), which is analyzed here for the first time regarding this particular context of application. The philosophy underlying a design method that is mainly driven by the formulation of distinct constraints suggests to avoid the traditional procedure of first to create a yet not necessarily valid instance of the eventual design solution by directly choosing specific parameter values of its shape, and later on to evaluate its validity by confronting the designed model to a set of applicable constraints. Instead, constraint-based design poses a search procedure that operates in a space of planning-relevant constraint sets. The FLS methodology integrates some few principles of constraint-based automated reasoning with high user interactivity, into a design environment where as much dwellers as planners can collaboratively work in solving spatial organization problems of housing projects. The FLS model of application makes use of a combination of dweller-specified constraints, planning and zoning regulations, and a small library of modular space units. Constraint-based design ! methods are particularly capable of supplying efficient support for the collaborative involvement of dwellers into the architectural programming process of her/his own home. Mainly, because dwellers themselves tend to describe their space need and design intentions as a set of constraints on room quantity, space utilization, circulation system, allocation of available furniture, available budget, construction time, and so forth. The goal is to achieve an integrated tool for finding and modelling topologically valid solutions for floor plan layout alternatives, by combining user-driven interactive procedures with automatic search and generative processes. Thus, several design alternatives can be explored in less time and with less effort than using mainstream procedures of architectural practice. A FLS implementation will constitute one system module of a larger integrated system model called Esther. A FLS tool shall interact with other functional modules, like e.g. the BDS (Building Bulk Design Support), which also uses constraint-based design methods. A preliminary procedural model for the FLS was tested on Chile’s official social housing standards (Chilean Building Code – OGUC. Art. 6.4.1) which are very similar to most Latin American housing programs currently in operation.
keywords	constraint-based design; floor plan layout; participatory planning; low-income housing; design theory; design proces
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:52

_id	acadia06_540
id	acadia06_540
authors	Diewald, J., Frederick, M.
year	2006
title	Building Information Modeling: Interactive Versioning Experiment
source	Synthetic Landscapes [Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture] pp. 540-541
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2006.540
summary	Interactive Versioning, is the first experiment of an ongoing investigation into the conceptual role of parametric modeling in the design process. In this case, the form is defined by constrained floor-plate relationships. Originally testing methods using numerical values exported to excel, we obtained undesirable results and shifted our focus to the creation of an interactive model; restoring the direct influence of user input. The result is a 10-floor structure that allows the user to tweak point locations along the slab perimeters that in turn have global effect on the overall geometry of the architectural body. We are using four point definition types: reference above, interactive reference, reference below, and independent value. Interactive reference points use referential constraints defined as x and y distances from the global origin, which change on account of user inputs. Reference above points pull (x,y) values from an interactive point above. Reference below points pull (x,y) values from interactive points below. Independent points are unaffected by changes in any of the other points but may also be tweaked to adjust a form. On any given level, there are 2 interactive reference points, 2 reference above points, 2 reference below points, and 4 independent points. Additionally, 2 length constraints link interactive points with reference above points on the same level. This allows for changes to affect the entire structure rather than only the floor plates immediately above and below a given change. The addition of constraints to the floor outlines will yield a variety of formal results and offer the possibility to further control the output.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	sigradi2006_e081d
id	sigradi2006_e081d
authors	Hecker, Douglas
year	2006
title	Dry-In House: A Mass Customized Affordable House for New Orleans
source	SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 359-362
summary	Dry-in house is a mass customized affordable housing system proposed for the reconstruction of New Orleans. The dry-in House gets the owner back to their home site quickly while providing the infrastructure an occupant needs (shelter, water, electricity). The owner is supplied with an inhabitable shell that is customizable before it is fabricated as well as onsite as the project is “fitted out” over time. The key concept is to allow families to participate in the design of their customized homes and to get people back to their home sites as quickly as possible and to give them the opportunity to finish and further customize their home over time. The project addresses inefficiencies and redundancies in emergency housing currently provided by FEMA. Primarily the dry-in House as its name implies provides a timely dried-in space which doubles as a customized infrastructure for the reconstruction of homes and neighborhoods. The project is designed to meet the $59,000 life cycle cost of the presently provided temporary housing, the notorious “FEMA Trailer”. However, the Dry-in House provides a solution that: a) Is permanent rather than temporary. The house will be finished and further customized over time rather than disposed of. b) Reoccupies the owner’s home site rather than a “FEMA ghetto” keeping the community together and functioning. c) Is mass customized rather than mass-standardized allowing the owner to have input on the design of their home. The design is a “starter home” rather than an inflexible and over-determined solution. This also has the benefit of giving variation to the reconstruction of New Orleans as opposed to the monotony of mass-production. d) Allows the owners to further customize their home over time with additional exterior finishes and the subdivision and fit out of the interior. By utilizing plate truss technology and associated parametric modeling software, highly customized trusses can be engineered and fabricated at no additional cost as compared to off-the-shelf trusses. This mass customization technology is employed to create the building section of each individual’s house. The truss is not used in its typical manner, spanning over the house; rather, it is extruded in section to form the house itself (roof, wall, and floor). Dry-in House exploits this building technology to quickly rebuild communities in a sensible manner. It allows for an increased speed of design and construction and most importantly it involves the owner in this process. The process has other benefits like reducing waste not only because it replaces the FEMA trailer which is expensive and disposable but also since the components are prefabricated there is more precision and also quality. The Dry-in House allows the owner-designer to “draw” the section of their new home providing them with a unique design and a sense of belonging and security. The design of the section of the house also provides them with spatial configurations customized relative to site conditions, program etc... Because of the narrow lot configuration of New Orleans, the design maximizes the roof as a source for natural ventilation and light for the interior of the house. In addition, the house is one room deep providing cross ventilation in all rooms minimizing reliance on artificial mechanical systems. The timely and efficient off site fabrication of building sections facilitate larger concentrations of volunteers on site at one time, thereby promoting a greater collective spirit among the community and volunteer workforce, a therapeutic event for the community as they participate in the rebuilding of their homes and city. With individualized building sections arriving on site, the construction process is imagined to be more akin to a barn raising, making possible the drying in of multiple houses in less than one day.
keywords	mass customization; digital manufacturing; affordable housing
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:53

_id	c7e6
id	c7e6
authors	Loemker, Thorsten Michael
year	2006
title	Digital Tools for Sustainable Revitalization of Buildings - Finding new Utilizations through Destructive and Non-Destructive Floor Space Relocation
source	Proceedings of the International Conference on Urban, Architectural and Technical Aspects of the Renewal of the Countryside IV., Bratislava, May 2006
summary	In 1845 Edgar Allan Poe wrote the poem “The Raven”, an act full of poetry, love, passion, mourning, melancholia and death. In his essay “The Theory of Composition” which was published in 1846 Poe proved that the poem is based on an accurate mathematical description. Not only in literature are structures present that are based on mathematics. In the work of famous musicians, artists or architects like Bach, Escher or Palladio it is evident that the beauty and clarity of their work as well as its traceability has often been reached through the use of intrinsic mathematic coherences. If suchlike structures could be described within architecture, their mathematical abstraction could supplement “The Theory of Composition” of a building. This research focuses on an approach to describe layout principles of existing buildings in the form of mathematical rules. Provided that “design” is in principle a combinatorial problem, i.e. a constraint-based search for an overall optimal solution of a design problem, two exemplary methods will be described to apply new utilizations to existing buildings through the use of these rules.
series	other
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2008/10/13 14:06

_id	acadia06_261
id	acadia06_261
authors	Lömker, Thorsten M.
year	2006
title	Revitalization of Existing Buildings through Sustainable Non-Destructive Floor Space Relocation
source	Synthetic Landscapes [Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture] pp. 261-268
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2006.261
summary	The revitalization of existing buildings is gaining importance. We are facing a development where, in many cases, there is no need to design new buildings because an increasing number of existing buildings are not used anymore. The most ecological procedure to revitalize these buildings would be through a continued usage and by making few or no alterations to the stock. Thus, the modus operandi could be called a “non-destructive” approach.From the architect’s point of view, non-destructive redesign of existing buildings is time-consuming and complex. The methodology we developed to aid architects in solving such tasks is based on exchanging or swapping utilization of specific rooms in order to reach a design solution. With the aid of mathematical rules, which will be executed by the use of a computer, solutions to floor space relocation problems will be generated. Provided that “design” is in principle a combinatorial problem, i.e., a constraint-based search for an overall optimal solution of a problem, an exemplary method will be described to solve such problems.The design of the model developed is related to problems in logistics (e.g., the loading in trans-shipment centers). The model does not alter geometric proportions or locations of rooms, but solely changes their occupancy such that a new usage could be applied to the building. From our point of view, non-destructive models can play an important role in floor space relocation processes. Our examinations demonstrate that new patterns of utilization could be found through the use of this model.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	2006_804
id	2006_804
authors	Lömker, Thorsten M.
year	2006
title	Non-Destructive Floor Space Relocation with the Aid of a Constraint Programming Language
source	Communicating Space(s) [24th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-5-9] Volos (Greece) 6-9 September 2006, pp. 804-807
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2006.804
summary	This research focuses on an approach to describe principles in non-destructive floor space relocation within the domain of revitalization. With the aid of mathematical rules, which are executed by the use of a computer, solutions to floor space relocation problems are generated. Provided that “design” is in principle a combinatorial problem, i.e., a constraint-based search for an overall optimal solution, an exemplary method is described to solve such problems.
keywords	Revitalization; Optimization; Constraint Programming; OPL
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	acadia06_251
id	acadia06_251
authors	d’Estrée Sterk, Tristan
year	2006
title	Shape Change in Responsive Architectural Structures: Current Reasons & Challenge
source	Synthetic Landscapes [Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture] pp. 251-260
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2006.251
summary	Shape control within architectural structures is a natural extension to the practice of engineering and architectural design. The knowledge needed for it’s development builds upon two well understood foundations: 1) the long existing knowledge that building performance and function are intimately connected to the shape of built spaces; and 2) the relatively new idea that embedded computational systems may be employed to control devices in useful and beautiful ways. When combined, each type of knowledge can be used to further architecture and engineering at both theoretical and methodological levels. Structural shape control is of major interest within architecture because it is the primary ingredient needed to produce building envelopes that change shape. Structural shape control also currently represents a major technological and methodological stumbling block for architects, posing many challenges that have theoretical and practical origins. Theoretically, responsive architectural structures demand a re-evaluation of existing notions of space making. Practically, these systems demand a re-evaluation of construction and design methodologies across both engineering and architectural practice.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
more	admin
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	5094
id	5094
authors	d’Estrée Sterk, Tristan
year	2006
title	Responsive Architecture: User-centered Interactions within the Hybridized Model of Control
source	Proceedings of the GAME, SET, MATCH II, conference at the Technical University of Delft, Netherlands, 29 March - 1 April 2006, pp. 494-501
summary	In the September 1969 issue of Architectural Design, Andrew Rabeneck wrote about the use of cybernetic devices within an automated architecture. He hypothesized that the concept of ‘flexibility’ was introduced to architecture because existing building technologies were inherently inflexible. He argued that architects should use cybernetic technologies to produce completely new types of increasingly flexible, user-centred, buildings. Three years later, Yona Friedman wrote about the changing relationship between clients and architects. He said that a new design methodology was needed because architects could not assess the future spatial needs of building users accurately enough. Proposing a new model, he split architectural design in two complementary halves, hardware design and software design, reasoning that this would give users the opportunity to adapt built spaces to suit their needs. Both of these ideas describe approaches to the production of an architecture that can change shape and configuration in response to changing patterns of use. Rabeneck’s approach illustrates the benefit of predictive technologies and automation, while Friedman’s model illustrates the benefit of user intervention and direct manipulation. This paper discusses developments in the field of responsive architecture in relation to two opposing user-centred interaction methodologies. It proposes methods for controlling responsive buildings and suggests that human computer interaction methodologies need to be re-thought and extended when applied within intelligent, responsive, architectures.
keywords	Responsive architecture, User-centred design, HCI, Intelligent buildings
series	other
type	normal paper
email
more	admin
last changed	2017/04/10 13:08

_id	sigradi2006_e028c
id	sigradi2006_e028c
authors	Griffith, Kenfield; Sass, Larry and Michaud, Dennis
year	2006
title	A strategy for complex-curved building design:Design structure with Bi-lateral contouring as integrally connected ribs
source	SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 465-469
summary	Shapes in designs created by architects such as Gehry Partners (Shelden, 2002), Foster and Partners, and Kohn Peterson and Fox rely on computational processes for rationalizing complex geometry for building construction. Rationalization is the reduction of a complete geometric shape into discrete components. Unfortunately, for many architects the rationalization is limited reducing solid models to surfaces or data on spread sheets for contractors to follow. Rationalized models produced by the firms listed above do not offer strategies for construction or digital fabrication. For the physical production of CAD description an alternative to the rationalized description is needed. This paper examines the coupling of digital rationalization and digital fabrication with physical mockups (Rich, 1989). Our aim is to explore complex relationships found in early and mid stage design phases when digital fabrication is used to produce design outcomes. Results of our investigation will aid architects and engineers in addressing the complications found in the translation of design models embedded with precision to constructible geometries. We present an algorithmically based approach to design rationalization that supports physical production as well as surface production of desktop models. Our approach is an alternative to conventional rapid prototyping that builds objects by assembly of laterally sliced contours from a solid model. We explored an improved product description for rapid manufacture as bilateral contouring for structure and panelling for strength (Kolarevic, 2003). Infrastructure typically found within aerospace, automotive, and shipbuilding industries, bilateral contouring is an organized matrix of horizontal and vertical interlocking ribs evenly distributed along a surface. These structures are monocoque and semi-monocoque assemblies composed of structural ribs and skinning attached by rivets and adhesives. Alternative, bi-lateral contouring discussed is an interlocking matrix of plywood strips having integral joinery for assembly. Unlike traditional methods of building representations through malleable materials for creating tangible objects (Friedman, 2002), this approach constructs with the implication for building life-size solutions. Three algorithms are presented as examples of rationalized design production with physical results. The first algorithm [Figure 1] deconstructs an initial 2D curved form into ribbed slices to be assembled through integral connections constructed as part of the rib solution. The second algorithm [Figure 2] deconstructs curved forms of greater complexity. The algorithm walks along the surface extracting surface information along horizontal and vertical axes saving surface information resulting in a ribbed structure of slight double curvature. The final algorithm [Figure 3] is expressed as plug-in software for Rhino that deconstructs a design to components for assembly as rib structures. The plug-in also translates geometries to a flatten position for 2D fabrication. The software demonstrates the full scope of the research exploration. Studies published by Dodgson argued that innovation technology (IvT) (Dodgson, Gann, Salter, 2004) helped in solving projects like the Guggenheim in Bilbao, the leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy, and the Millennium Bridge in London. Similarly, the method discussed in this paper will aid in solving physical production problems with complex building forms. References Bentley, P.J. (Ed.). Evolutionary Design by Computers. Morgan Kaufman Publishers Inc. San Francisco, CA, 1-73 Celani, G, (2004) “From simple to complex: using AutoCAD to build generative design systems” in: L. Caldas and J. Duarte (org.) Implementations issues in generative design systems. First Intl. Conference on Design Computing and Cognition, July 2004 Dodgson M, Gann D.M., Salter A, (2004), “Impact of Innovation Technology on Engineering Problem Solving: Lessons from High Profile Public Projects,” Industrial Dynamics, Innovation and Development, 2004 Dristas, (2004) “Design Operators.” Thesis. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 2004 Friedman, M, (2002), Gehry Talks: Architecture + Practice, Universe Publishing, New York, NY, 2002 Kolarevic, B, (2003), Architecture in the Digital Age: Design and Manufacturing, Spon Press, London, UK, 2003 Opas J, Bochnick H, Tuomi J, (1994), “Manufacturability Analysis as a Part of CAD/CAM Integration”, Intelligent Systems in Design and Manufacturing, 261-292 Rudolph S, Alber R, (2002), “An Evolutionary Approach to the Inverse Problem in Rule-Based Design Representations”, Artificial Intelligence in Design ’02, 329-350 Rich M, (1989), Digital Mockup, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Reston, VA, 1989 Schön, D., The Reflective Practitioner: How Professional Think in Action. Basic Books. 1983 Shelden, D, (2003), “Digital Surface Representation and the Constructability of Gehry’s Architecture.” Diss. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 2003 Smithers T, Conkie A, Doheny J, Logan B, Millington K, (1989), “Design as Intelligent Behaviour: An AI in Design Thesis Programme”, Artificial Intelligence in Design, 293-334 Smithers T, (2002), “Synthesis in Designing”, Artificial Intelligence in Design ’02, 3-24 Stiny, G, (1977), “Ice-ray: a note on the generation of Chinese lattice designs” Environmental and Planning B, volume 4, pp. 89-98
keywords	Digital fabrication; bilateral contouring; integral connection; complex-curve
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:52

_id	2006_714
id	2006_714
authors	Kona, Silika Rahman and Saleh Uddin
year	2006
title	Movement in Architecture - An Analytical Approach Towards Organic Characteristics
source	Communicating Space(s) [24th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-5-9] Volos (Greece) 6-9 September 2006, pp. 714-719
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2006.714
summary	Nature is the fundamental and recurring inspiration of organic architecture. Living organisms, both in their outward forms and in their inner structures, offer endless ideas and concepts for design. Organic architecture works with metamorphosis (the process of growth and change), the notion of “design from within”. Why should architecture be lifeless and static? Here, Movement, a unique quality of living organism is used to contribute to architecture. We cannot make a new life but we can take the characteristics to make changes in our environment, seeking not to imitate nature’s appearance, but instead to imaginatively apply its profound principles. The focus of this paper is to examine and categorize the different kinds of movement that exist in nature, understanding how their purpose can be effectively used in architecture. The topic explores techniques of living organisms used for function and defense and discusses possible implementation in architecture. Movement has the potentiality to introduce flexibility, ecological efficiency and building defense through deformable, transportable, shape shifting and morphing forms.
keywords	Organic Characteristics; Movement
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	2006_308
id	2006_308
authors	Sokmenoglu, Ahu and Mert Ayanoglu, Gülen Cagdas
year	2006
title	A Parametrical Shape Grammar Model for Generating Bedestens; A Classical Ottoman Period Commerce Building Type
source	Communicating Space(s) [24th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-5-9] Volos (Greece) 6-9 September 2006, pp. 308-311
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2006.308
summary	A 3D generative parametrical shape grammar model of Bedestens; which are Classical Ottoman Period’s typical commerce buildings will be presented in this paper. The model operates in a bottom-up approach and in three levels: vocabulary analyzing of Bedestens, formation of vocabulary and defining of the shape grammar rules. The future objective of the study is to implement it in a computer and use it in architectural design education.
keywords	Shape Grammar; Bedesten; analysing architectural language
series	eCAADe
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	sigradi2006_000
id	sigradi2006_000
authors	Soza, Pedro (ed.)
year	2006
title	SiGradi2006
source	Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics Graphics / ISBN 956-19-0539-6] Santiago de Chile (Chile) 21-23 november 2006, 494 p.
summary	Forty years of development have passed since digital technologies were used in the service of design for the first time but many of the early questions about its usefulness are still open. The beginning [early] period, known as call “analytical”, was founded in a rational and reductionist understanding of the phenomenon, including those related to creative processes. The target was rational optimization for possible solutions around a given problem. Later on, the graphic technologies development meant a huge jump in issues concerning 3D representation of designed objects. A great interest in visualization and “the virtual” then arose: almost everything and any shape, could be modelled and visualized, obtaining representations of space, time, light and matter as never seen before in any field related to imaging. Today these useful technologies are amplified due to the connectivity of the web, stimulating the birth of applications and models which seek to optimize the production processes. However, before of its impact, there is still a question waiting to be answered since the first days of CAD: has all this technology actually allowed the development of better design? The answer doesn’t seem to be obvious, when above all we see ourselves facing the context of a global world that becomes more and more complex. Digital technology is developing very rapidly. Despite this, an equally accelerated improvement in design products is not so clear. The reason for this could be the fact that our practices as designers have not been updated and improved at the same speed as technology. This next Sigradi is about debating how our organizational practices are changing with the digital phenomenon and how the users can positively trigger the potential that lies in these technologies. The hypothesis that underpins this question is the consideration that digital technologies are a unique platform to achieve the necessary integration of knowledge that must feed any contemporary design process. We think that the integration of multidisciplinary knowledge, memories, values and imagination must become the starting point in the production of better design.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 10:01

_id	acadia06_230
id	acadia06_230
authors	Anzalone, Phillip
year	2006
title	Synthetic Research
source	Synthetic Landscapes [Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture] pp. 230-231
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2006.230
summary	Synthetic Research insinuates a relationship of a meticulous process of discovering truth contradicted against a fabricated, as in concocted, reality. It is important to recognize the logical aspect of synthetic when examining what synthetic research can provide for architectural discourse. Synthesis contrasts with analysis in that it’s primary methods involve recourse to experience; it is experience that is at the heart of synthetic research. The synthesis of theory, architectural constructions, technological artifacts and computational techniques requires experiencing the results of experimentation. Synthetic digital architecture necessitates a discovery process incorporating creation that allows for experience, be it virtual reality, full-scale prototyping or spatial creations; provided experience is a truthful one, and not disingenuous and thereby slipping into the alternate definition of synthetic.Research’s experimental arm, as opposed to the analytic, relies on tinkering - implying the unfinished, the incomplete, the prototype. Examples of this are everywhere. Computer screenshots are a strikingly literal example of synthetic research when used as a means of experiencing a process. Performance mock-ups of building assemblies are a method of synthetic research in that one experiences a set of defined performances in order to discover and redefine the project. The watchmaker craft is an exercise in research/experimentation where material properties are inherent in function and aesthetics; consider how the components interact with the environment - motion, gravity, space-time, temperature. Efficiency at this point is predominantly structural and physical. Decorative or aesthetic elements are applied or integrated in later iterations along with optimization of performance, marketing and costs.What is a architectural research? How can research synthesize the wide range of possibilities for the trajectory of architecture when engaged in digital and computational techniques? The goals, techniques, documentation and other methods of research production have a place in architecture that must be explored, particularly as it related to computation. As in other fields, we must build a legitimate body of research whereby others can use and expand upon, such that digital architectures evolve in innovative as well as prosperous paths.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	2006_778
id	2006_778
authors	Dritsas, Stylianos; Renos Charitou and Lars Hesselgren
year	2006
title	Computational Methods on Tall Buildings - The Bishopsgate Tower
source	Communicating Space(s) [24th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-5-9] Volos (Greece) 6-9 September 2006, pp. 778-785
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2006.778
summary	This paper summarizes the ongoing research done on The Bishopsgate Tower in the City of London using parametric design methodologies. The process is indicative of how computational methods will develop in the future and help designers find solutions for increasingly complex spaces.
keywords	Tall Buildings; Computational Geometry; Building Information Management; Façade Optimization
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	ascaad2006_paper7
id	ascaad2006_paper7
authors	Lömker, Thorsten M.
year	2006
title	Designing with Machines: solving architectural layout planning problems by the use of a constraint programming language and scheduling algorithms
source	Computing in Architecture / Re-Thinking the Discourse: The Second International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2006), 25-27 April 2006, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
summary	In 1845 Edgar Allan Poe wrote the poem “The Raven”, an act full of poetry, love, passion, mourning, melancholia and death. In his essay “The Theory of Composition” which was published in 1846 Poe proved that the poem is based on an accurate mathematical description. Not only in literature are structures present that are based on mathematics. In the work of famous musicians, artists or architects like Bach, Escher or Palladio it is evident that the beauty and clarity of their work as well as its traceability has often been reached through the use of intrinsic mathematic coherences. If suchlike structures could be described within architecture, their mathematical abstraction could supplement “The Theory of Composition” of a building. This research focuses on an approach to describe principles in architectural layout planning in the form of mathematical rules that will be executed by the use of a computer. Provided that “design” is in principle a combinatorial problem, i.e. a constraint-based search for an overall optimal solution of a design problem, an exemplary method will be described to solve problems in architectural layout planning. Two problem domains will be examined: the design of new buildings, as well as the revitalization of existing buildings. Mathematical and syntactical difficulties that arise from the attempt to extract rules that relate to the process of building design will be pointed out. To avoid conflicts relating to theoretical subtleness a customary approach has been chosen in this work which is adopted from Operations Research. In this approach design is a synonym for planning, which could be described as a systematic and methodical course of action for the analysis and solution of current or future problems. The planning task is defined as an analysis of a problem with the aim to prepare optimal decisions by the use of mathematical methods. The decision problem of a planning task is represented by an optimization model and the application of an efficient algorithm to aid finding one or more solutions to the problem. The basic principle underlying the approach presented herein is the understanding of design in terms of searching for solutions that fulfill specific criteria. This search will be executed by the use of a constraint programming language, which refers to mathematical as well as to integer and mixed integer programming. Examples of architectural layout problems will be presented that can be solved by the use of this programming paradigm. In addition to this, a second programming approach resulting from the domain of resource-allocation has been followed in this research. It will be demonstrated that it is as well possible, to aid architectural layout planning by the use of scheduling algorithms.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2007/11/27 08:22

_id	sigradi2006_e151c
id	sigradi2006_e151c
authors	Neumann, Oliver and Schmidt, Daniel
year	2006
title	CNC Timber Framing – Innovative Applications of Digital Wood Fabrication Technology
source	SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 304-307
summary	The discourse on depleting natural resources and compromised environments have led to extended research on sustainable designs methods, building practices and materials. Beyond the actual performance of building products and components, research on sustainable building increasingly focuses on the long-term effects of the production, application and life cycle of building materials on the natural environment, human inhabitation and quality of life. Computer aided manufacturing technologies play a significant role not only in the transformation of design and building methods, but also in an extended discourse on cultural development. Globally available technologies connect the design and building process to a broad range of long-term ecological factors by creating a correlation between "the emergent political, economical and social processes and … architectural techniques, geometries and organization." Through this interrelationship to economy and culture, technology and its applications are also directly related to notions of place and territory as well as to fundamental ideas of ecology. The collaborative research and design study for an outdoor theater roof structure at the University of British Columbia Malcolm Knapp Research Forest at Maple Ridge, B.C., Canada, focuses on the use of digital media in prefabrication and material optimization. By utilizing small square section timber and minimizing the use of alienating connectors the research on the wood roof structure illustrates the potential of a design culture that seeks innovation in a broader understanding of ecology routed in regional culture, environmental conditions, economy and tradition. Labor intensive manufacturing techniques are redefined aided by computer controlled machines and virtual modeling of complex geometries is translated into simple operations. The result is a more sensible and accurate response to the place’s demands. In order to generate innovative design interventions that make a constructive long-term contribution to the preservation, maintenance and evolution of the environment, design needs to be based on a comprehensive understanding of its context and the distinctive qualities of the materials used. Following the example of the outdoor roof structure, this paper aims to define innovative design as work that resonates at the intersection of the fields of technology, material science, manufacturing processes, techniques of assembly and context that constitute the expanded context or complex ecology that projects need to engage. It is in design research studies like for the outdoor theater roof structure with focus on CNC wood fabrication technologies that the common design and building discourse is put to question, boundaries are explored and expanded and the collective understanding is improved towards ecological design.
keywords	CNC Wood Fabrication; Design Innovation; Ecology
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:56

_id	ddss2006-hb-341
id	DDSS2006-HB-341
authors	Usama El Fiky and Mark Cox
year	2006
title	Culturally Accepted Green Architecture Toolbox - Pre-design helping tool and rating system for new built environment in Egypt
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Innovations in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Springer, ISBN-10: 1-4020-5059-3, ISBN-13: 978-1-4020-5059-6, p. 341-356
summary	This paper describes and analyses the process of developing computer software to incorporate both green architecture design strategies and their cultural indicators in one easy tool to help a designer to match his / her design with green architectural principles in the pre-design stage. The three resources of architectural identity in Egyptian, current and past green building practices with the up to date foreign knowledge of green architecture were combined in one toolbox with their building cultural indicators in Egypt. Using the toolbox in primary design stage helps the designer by providing more information about each green design strategy, how to use it effectively. Finally, the toolbox provides indicators about how much the whole project will be accepted in Egyptian society and to what extend it applies green architectural principles. For verification reason, the toolbox was tested with two groups of students in Egypt and The Netherlands as well as professional architects from both countries.
keywords	Software program, Building culture, Green architecture
series	DDSS
last changed	2006/08/29 12:55

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