Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	acadia06_068
id	acadia06_068
authors	Elys, John
year	2006
title	Digital Ornament
source	Synthetic Landscapes [Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture] pp. 68-78
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2006.068
summary	Gaming software has a history of fostering development of economical and creative methods to deal with hardware limitations. Traditionally the visual representation of gaming software has been a poor offspring of high-end visualization. In a twist of irony, this paper proposes that game production software leads the way into a new era of physical digital ornament. The toolbox of the rendering engine evolved rapidly between 1974-1985 and it is still today, 20 years later the main component of all visualization programs. The development of the bump map is of particular interest; its evolution into a physical displacement map provides untold opportunities of the appropriation of the 2D image to a physical 3D object.To expose the creative potential of the displacement map, a wide scope of existing displacement usage has been identified: Top2maya is a scientific appropriation, Caruso St John Architects an architectural precedent and Tord Boonje’s use of 2D digital pattern provides us with an artistic production precedent. Current gaming technologies give us an indication of how the resolution of displacement is set to enter an unprecedented level of geometric detail. As modernity was inspired by the machine age, we should be led by current technological advancement and appropriate its usage. It is about a move away from the simplification of structure and form to one that deals with the real possibilities of expanding the dialogue of surface topology. Digital Ornament is a kinetic process rather than static, its intentions lie in returning the choice of bespoke materials back to the Architect, Designer and Artist.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	caadria2006_613
id	caadria2006_613
authors	JAEHO RYU, NAOKI HASHIMOTO, MAKOTO SATO, MASASHI SOEDA, RYUZO OHNO
year	2006
title	A GAME ENGINE BASED ARCHITECTURAL SIMULATOR ON MULTI-PROJECTOR DISPLAYS
source	CAADRIA 2006 [Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Kumamoto (Japan) March 30th - April 2nd 2006, 613-615
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2006.x.m1v
summary	To make whole one image on screens that is generated by many computers and synchronization among computers, there is a need for a network software environment for multi-projector display system. Although the development costs increase for parallel programming for multi-projector display system, there is a possibility that the program cannot be executed at an enough speed since the network bandwidth might become a bottleneck. There are some software environments for that kind of multi-projector display system like Chromium that is latest version of WireGL (Humphreys, 2001&2002). WireGL is a kind of Client-Server Model, which one rendering server sends the data of rendering to many computers. While it can use the application without modification of source, it requires heavy network traffics. The other type of operating software is VR Juggler (Cruz-Neira, 2002), and CAVE Library that is a kind of Master-Slave Model. In the Master-Slave Model, every computer has same application programs to render the image that only keep the synchronization of rendering and events. But, these programs require a specialized skill and knowledge to modify the source of program for the certain rendering PC-Cluster system.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:49

_id	ddss2006-hb-151
id	DDSS2006-HB-151
authors	Jean-Marie Boussier, P. Estraillier, D. Sarramia, and M. Augeraud
year	2006
title	Approach to Design Behavioural Models for Traffic Network Users - Choice of transport mode
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Innovations in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Springer, ISBN-10: 1-4020-5059-3, ISBN-13: 978-1-4020-5059-6, p. 151-166
summary	Our research work concerns the development of a multimodal urban traffic simulator designed to be a tool of decision-making aid similar to a game wherein the user-player can test different scenarios by immersion in a 3D virtual city. Our approach is based on the activity-based model and the multi-agent technology. The implemented result is a hybrid simulator connecting numerical simulation and behavioural aspects coming from real data. This paper is focused on two points: firstly, we introduce how a final user (the traffic regulator) instantiates and assembles components so as to model a city and its urban traffic network; secondly, we present the use of Dempster-Shafer theory in the context of discrete choice modelling. Our approach manipulates input variables in order to test realistic representations of behaviours of agent categories in a decision-making process. The traffic modelling is based on a questionnaire elaborated from standard arrays of Taguchi. The significant variables and interactions are determined with the analysis of variance which suggests a reduced model describing the behaviour of a particular social category. The belief theory is used to take into account the doubt of some respondents as well as for the preferences redistribution if the number of alternatives changes. The effects of external traffic conditions are also quantified to choose a 'robust' alternative and to use the agents' memory.
keywords	Urban traffic simulator, Virtual city, Multi-agent system, Behavioural model, Transport mean, Taguchi's method, Belief theory
series	DDSS
last changed	2006/08/29 12:55

_id	2006_560
id	2006_560
authors	Parraga-Botero, Carlos and Carlos Calderon
year	2006
title	3D Real-time design environments for interactive morphogenesis of architectural space
source	Communicating Space(s) [24th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-5-9] Volos (Greece) 6-9 September 2006, pp. 560-564
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2006.560
summary	In this investigation we are concerned with rethinking and proposing the concept of space towards an enhanced interactive place where our spatial surroundings are no longer understood as fixed but as living organisms that adapt to our inter-actions inside of them. It is the aim of the research to show a space created by the interaction of the users with the building rather than the one generated by the personal interpretation of the designer. A place co-created by its inhabitant in real-time through a virtual prototype. Hereby, we are interested to investigate human-computer interactions inside of game engines as a morphogenetic process for potential architectural design and space conception. This research not only underlines theoretical concepts of architecture and folding as a spatio-structural diagrams that generate emergent processes in architecture design, but also proposes the creation and further development of a prototype based on these potentials that computer games and multimedia have brought to experiment and determine architectural environments. With the potentials of 3D Real-Time engines as design environments for the co-development of user driven spaces and folding as a design formation attitude we aim to determine space within the experience of a space prototype.
keywords	Interactive architecture; 3D real-time design environments; Space Folding; User driven spaces; Virtual Collaborative Design
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	2006_848
id	2006_848
authors	Serrato-Combe, Antonio
year	2006
title	Cadavre Exquis – Exquisite Corpse – 2006
source	Communicating Space(s) [24th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-5-9] Volos (Greece) 6-9 September 2006, pp. 848-851
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2006.848
summary	This paper presents the results of a digital architectural studio based on the surrealist game Le Cadavre Exquis in which one person began a narrative and others transformed it. Participants played with computer modeling looking at the growth of a story (building form, qualities, colors, etc.) examining how stories are built collectively from individual episodes and how stories translate in the telling or final construct. The project ended in a composition (vertical, horizontal, along a string, or any other way of stringing elements) with tellings and retellings, a network of routes from one beginning to many possible endings.
keywords
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	2006_818
id	2006_818
authors	Angulo, Antonieta
year	2006
title	Communication in the Implementation of a Metacognitive Strategy for Learning to Design
source	Communicating Space(s) [24th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-5-9] Volos (Greece) 6-9 September 2006, pp. 818-825
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2006.818
summary	This paper describes an instructional communication strategy that makes use of time-based media techniques (story boarding and animation) in order to empower design studios with means to promote their students’ awareness on the acquisition of metacognitive knowledge and skills. This paper highlights the importance of including the communication of the design processes in the evaluation of learning outcomes. Moreover, the paper proposes that the students should be made constantly aware of their design processes and how effective are the methods they use. It is in this state of awareness that metacognitive knowledge is acquired: knowing how to learn to design. We can cultivate, exploit and enhance the capabilities of design learners, making them more confident and independent as learners as they understand what they need to know and what kind of strategies might work for different design problems and learning opportunities. In the development of an instructional strategy to accomplish this learning goal, the paper proposes it may be possible and potentially beneficial to transfer current metacognitive support strategies from a course on computer visualization techniques to the design studios. The paper elaborates on how these communication strategies could be transferred and implemented in a design studio setting. The results of a recent controlled experiment and considerations about the cognitive style of design students will be used in the preparation of recommendations for future full scale implementations in early design studios.
keywords	Design learning; metacognitive learning strategy; time-based media
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	2006_160
id	2006_160
authors	Charitos, Dimitris
year	2006
title	Spatializing the Internet: new types of hybrid mobile communication environments and their impact on spatial design within the urban context
source	Communicating Space(s) [24th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-5-9] Volos (Greece) 6-9 September 2006, pp. 160-167
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2006.160
summary	This paper aims at investigating the emergence of new forms of communication environments, supported by the integration of new mobile and locative media technologies and the impact that the implementation of these systems may have on mediated communication within the urban context. The paper discusses the technologies supporting such multi-user systems (interactive graphical interfaces for mobile devices and locative media) and investigates the experience of interacting with such systems from a user’s perspective. It focuses on such systems accessed via interfaces, which have a spatial character and which are supported by different output devices, ultimately affording a hybrid (synthetic & physical) spatial experience. Communication is tied to places and places to communication. Consequently, these emerging types of communication may lead revolutionary new ways of social interaction and inhabiting urban space. With the emergence of these ICT systems, the city may again become a social arena and this development certainly calls for reconsidering the way in which we conceptualize and design urban environments.
keywords	Locative media: social computing; spatial interfaces; mobile technologies; context-aware systems
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	acadia06_542
id	acadia06_542
authors	Faulders, Thom
year	2006
title	Airspace Tokyo
source	Synthetic Landscapes [Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture] pp. 542-543
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2006.542
summary	Airspace Tokyo is designed to establish a screened buffer zone - a thin, super-compact artificial “yard” that protects the building’s occupants from the pressing context of the dense urban environment outside. The new white, minimalist four-story building, designed by a Tokyo architect, is a stacked four unit multi-family dwelling with a garage and two large professional photography studios for lease on its ground floor. Located in the Ota-ku area of the city, the site was previously occupied by the owner with a sprawling residence that was wrapped by a layer of dense vegetation, and was unique in a city where open space is rare amidst the high demand for built space. Since the entire site is to now be razed to accommodate construction for the new and much larger development, the design intention for the screen is to invent an architectural system that performs with similar attributes to the demolished green strip and creates an atmospheric zone of protection. In effect, the demolished two meters of setback width of open ground space is now to be reduced into a new zone with a width of only 20 cm.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	sigradi2006_e113b
id	sigradi2006_e113b
authors	Sanza, Paolo
year	2006
title	The built environment revisited digitally: an approach to 2D and 3D CAD teaching
source	SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 215-218
summary	There is a characteristic that distinguishes the School of Architecture at Oklahoma State University from other architecture schools in the United States and that is the absence of a design studio in the spring semester of the third year. Among the various classes the students are required to take during this time is ARCH 3253_computer applications in architecture defined in the School catalog as an “introduction to 2D and 3D computer CAD topics and their application in the design process.” The absence of a design studio has allowed [me] to morph an otherwise technically oriented course to a course that weaves the learning of the basic of various computer programs with research, writing, graphic and physical explorations. This paper exposes the pedagogy of the course alongside sample of students’ work during the spring 2006 semester and will disclose its future development as web and film technologies are introduced to the course. The introduction of the “forth dimension” to the course will both augment and foster alternative means of architectural communication by promoting multimodal representations and will respond to the personal observation that in spite of the essentially total use of the computer in the daily creative life of students and professionals alike, the architectural representation output has virtually remained unchanged [and for the most part unchallenged] since the time when pens, pencils, and papers were the media of choice. In addition to its pedagogical character, the paper will also share the personal explorations that triggered following one of the assignments and led to the development and realization of a graphic piece for one of the summer 2006 exhibits at the Scottsdale Museum of Contemporary Art in Scottsdale, Arizona and prompted the initial development of the design of a restaurant, also in Scottsdale, Arizona [in its schematic design phase at the time of the writing of this abstract].
keywords	virtual; representation; 4th dimension
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:59

_id	caadria2006_001
id	caadria2006_001
authors	WILLIAM J. MITCHELL
year	2006
title	FROM SKETCHPAD TO CITY OF BITS: A Story of Shifting Intentions
source	CAADRIA 2006 [Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Kumamoto (Japan) March 30th - April 2nd 2006, 1-5
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2006.x.o2h
summary	By my count this year marks the fiftieth birthday of the field of computer-aided design. It is, therefore, an appropriate moment to look back on how the field has developed in its first half century and then to consider what we might expect in the coming decades – the decades that will see the continued development of what I have called the City of Bits. The story is, as we shall see, one of shifting intentions; at each stage in the evolution of computer-aided design, the technology has found niches in practice determined both by its capabilities at that particular historical moment and by prevailing economic and cultural imperatives.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ijac20064405
id	ijac20064405
authors	Calderon, Carlos; Nyman, Karl; Worley, Nicholas
year	2006
title	The Architectural Cinematographer: Creating Architectural Experiences in 3D Real-time Environments
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 4 - no. 4, pp. 71-90
summary	This paper addresses the problem of creating new navigation paradigms for experiencing architectural designs in 3D real-time environments. The exploration of techniques other than still images or fly-through animations is complex and manifold, and requires the understanding and skills of many disciplines including cinematography, computer programming, architectural design and communication of 3D space. In this article, we present the Architectural Cinematographer (AC), a first step towards new navigation paradigms for real-time interactive virtual environments that are intended to enhance architectural walkthroughs with interactive camera effects. The AC is a fully developed modification (mod) of the game UnrealTournament2004™ using the Unreal™ game engine and relies on the notions of architectural concepts, cinematographic techniques and game level design to structure the virtual environment (VE) content in a way that facilitates a perception of design qualities in virtual architecture. AC addresses the current lack of either software or a structured approach to facilitate this in real-time architectural visualizations.
series	journal
more	http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/mscp/ijac/2006/00000004/00000004/art00006
last changed	2007/03/04 07:08

_id	caadria2006_187
id	caadria2006_187
authors	CHI-HSIN LIANG, TENG-WEN CHANG
year	2006
title	TOWARD A PLAYFUL DESIGN ENVIRONMENT - DIGAME
source	CAADRIA 2006 [Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Kumamoto (Japan) March 30th - April 2nd 2006, 187-196
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2006.x.d3o
summary	Computer game has the potential that helps us to realize the design. However, these particularities still has not been found and organized under the circumstance of combining computer game and designing process. We will develop from the point of the computing that discuss how to use game elements to create a suitable digital design environment. Therefore, the problem is how to let a designing process as a game playing? And the objective is providing a prototype for playful design environment called DiGame (Design in Game) for discovering the game issues within the design. The implementation of DiGame is described in details.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:49

_id	ascaad2006_paper16
id	ascaad2006_paper16
authors	Davey, Jon Daniel
year	2006
title	Musing Heideggerian Cyberspace
source	Computing in Architecture / Re-Thinking the Discourse: The Second International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2006), 25-27 April 2006, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
summary	Where we do we make our “being?” Since our existence [being-there = Dasein] is the original place of intelligibility, fundamental ontology must clarify the conditions of having any understanding which itself belongs to the entity called Dasein. Today Dasein in increasing becoming more and more digital, in fact all activity is digital or becoming digital in one mode or another, it’s ubiquitous! On the pragmatic side corporate architecture as well as its daily interaction and transaction are all digital. With the advent of games as well as webmasters using VRML or some equivalent of it posses the questions and concerns as who will design the digital domains, graphic artists, IT personnel, game developers and where will we make our being? As architects and designers where will our “digital gesamtkunstwerk” be? Making places for human inhabitation in a nonphysical space raises interesting questions concerning presence, authenticity, adaptability, orientation, and suspension of disbelief. What kind of activities can be supported by nonphysical spaces? What will it take to support them in a socially and psychologically appropriate manner? And WHO will design them? On the applied side this ontological view is demonstrated in an Interior Design Corporate Office Design Studio that has been taught for a decade wherein students are required to develop an ECommerce, a business deemed to succeed including the Corporate Office, facility program, space planning, corporate image, interiors, graphics, webpage, and logo. The semester project has one unique design stipulation: The one major design requirement is that the “feel” of the reception has the same “feel” as the website. A phenomenological sameness…all work is accomplished with a plethora of digital media. This design process is still in its infancy.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2007/04/08 19:47

_id	5094
id	5094
authors	d’Estrée Sterk, Tristan
year	2006
title	Responsive Architecture: User-centered Interactions within the Hybridized Model of Control
source	Proceedings of the GAME, SET, MATCH II, conference at the Technical University of Delft, Netherlands, 29 March - 1 April 2006, pp. 494-501
summary	In the September 1969 issue of Architectural Design, Andrew Rabeneck wrote about the use of cybernetic devices within an automated architecture. He hypothesized that the concept of ‘flexibility’ was introduced to architecture because existing building technologies were inherently inflexible. He argued that architects should use cybernetic technologies to produce completely new types of increasingly flexible, user-centred, buildings. Three years later, Yona Friedman wrote about the changing relationship between clients and architects. He said that a new design methodology was needed because architects could not assess the future spatial needs of building users accurately enough. Proposing a new model, he split architectural design in two complementary halves, hardware design and software design, reasoning that this would give users the opportunity to adapt built spaces to suit their needs. Both of these ideas describe approaches to the production of an architecture that can change shape and configuration in response to changing patterns of use. Rabeneck’s approach illustrates the benefit of predictive technologies and automation, while Friedman’s model illustrates the benefit of user intervention and direct manipulation. This paper discusses developments in the field of responsive architecture in relation to two opposing user-centred interaction methodologies. It proposes methods for controlling responsive buildings and suggests that human computer interaction methodologies need to be re-thought and extended when applied within intelligent, responsive, architectures.
keywords	Responsive architecture, User-centred design, HCI, Intelligent buildings
series	other
type	normal paper
email
more	admin
last changed	2017/04/10 13:08

_id	ijac20064304
id	ijac20064304
authors	Economou, Athanassios; Swarts, Matthew
year	2006
title	Performing Palladio
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 4 - no. 3, 47-61
summary	The relevance of music theory as an interpretive framework for the understanding of Palladio's work has been one of the most debated subjects in the realm of architectural theory and criticism. Typically the debate is quite abstract and it focuses on possible mappings between the ratios found in Palladio's plans and corresponding ratios used in contemporary musical temperaments. The paper here rather focuses on the actual performance of the ratios found in Palladio's work and the implications of this performance, melodic and harmonic, for the perception of the space for a situated observer/performer. To that extent the study suggests a model of mapping between space, sound and color and correlates that with polygon partition theory to simulate movement within a space. A brief account of the computer implementation with game engines technology is provided in the end. All examples to test these ideas are based on Palladio's Villa Capra.
series	journal
last changed	2007/03/04 07:08

_id	2006_506
id	2006_506
authors	Fioravanti, Antonio and Rinaldo Rustico
year	2006
title	x-House game - A Space for simulating a Collaborative Working Environment in Architecture
source	Communicating Space(s) [24th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-5-9] Volos (Greece) 6-9 September 2006, pp. 506-511
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2006.506
summary	The research consists of the set up of a game simulating a e Collaborative Working Environment – CWE – in Architectural Design. The use of a game is particularly useful as it makes it possible to simplify the complex terms of the problem and, through the game itself, makes it easier to study knowledge engineering tools, communication protocols and the areas of an ICT implementation of a general model of collaborative design. In the following several characteristics of the game are given (also with reference to other games) such as; participating actors (Wix 1997), the “pieces” (construction components) used, the modular space employed, the PDWs/SDW dialectics, the screenshot of the interface prototype, the score.
keywords	Architectural Design; CWE; Game; Representation Model; KBs
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	sigradi2007_af13
id	sigradi2007_af13
authors	Granero, Adriana Edith; Alicia Barrón; María Teresa Urruti
year	2007
title	Transformations in the educational system, Influence of the Digital Graph [Transformaciones en el sistema educacional, influencia de la Gráfica Digital]
source	SIGraDi 2007 - [Proceedings of the 11th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] México D.F. - México 23-25 October 2007, pp. 182-186
summary	The educative proposal was based on the summary attained through experiences piled up during the 2 last semester courses, 2/2006-1/2007. This proposal corresponds to a mix of methodology (by personal attendance / by internet). Founding on the Theory of the Game (Eric Berne 1960) and on different theories such as: Multiple intelligences (Haward Gardner 1983), Emotional Intelligence (Peter Salowey and John Mayer 1990, Goleman 1998), Social Intelligence (Goleman 2006), the Triarchy of Intelligence (Stemberg, R.J. 1985, 1997), “the hand of the human power”, it´s established that the power of the voice, that of the imagination, the reward, the commitment and association produce a significant increase of the productivity (Rosabeth Moss Kanter 2000), aside from the constructive processes of the knowledge (new pedagogical concepts constructivista of Ormrod J.E. 2003 and Tim O´Reilly 2004).
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:52

_id	caadria2006_581
id	caadria2006_581
authors	KUO-HSIEN HUANG, CHING-HUI HUANG
year	2006
title	APPLICATIONS OF THE DIGITAL MODEL DATABASE FOR TAIWAN CITY AND ARCHITECTURE: The interactive entertainment platform
source	CAADRIA 2006 [Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Kumamoto (Japan) March 30th - April 2nd 2006, 581-583
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2006.x.d1a
summary	In Taiwan, the National Science Council (NSC) has launched the “National Digital Archives Program” (NDAP) since 2002. We participated in two projects: “The 3D digital museum of Taiwan city and architecture” and “Digital model database and professional service for Taiwan city and architecture”. The first one attempted to build a virtual museum for Taiwan city and architecture through the past four hundred years. The second one was a value-added project which intended to further apply the digital contents of the previous one. This project was consisted of 3D refined data, digital knowledge database, and architecture professional service. We were responsible for the 3D refined data. As a result, the digital model database included three cities: Hsinchu, Chiayi, and Tainan, as well as sixty-four architecture models. The interactive entertainment platform is an important leisure in our daily life. In general, the interactive entertainment includes five types: arcade game, PC game, on-line game, TV game, and mobile entertainment. This research pays attentions to the arcade game which presents dynamic interactions between machine and users. Following the improvements of design techniques, we have opportunities to experience many arcade games with different purposes, such as drum game, dance game, and fishing simulator. However, we further apply the digital model database to create an interactive entertainment platform for a racing arcade game.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	cf2011_p016
id	cf2011_p016
authors	Merrick, Kathryn; Gu Ning
year	2011
title	Supporting Collective Intelligence for Design in Virtual Worlds: A Case Study of the Lego Universe
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 637-652.
summary	Virtual worlds are multi-faceted technologies. Facets of virtual worlds include graphical simulation tools, communication, design and modelling tools, artificial intelligence, network structure, persistent object-oriented infrastructure, economy, governance and user presence and interaction. Recent studies (Merrick et al., 2010) and applications (Rosenman et al., 2006; Maher et al., 2006) have shown that the combination of design, modelling and communication tools, and artificial intelligence in virtual worlds makes them suitable platforms for supporting collaborative design, including human-human collaboration and human-computer co-creativity. Virtual worlds are also coming to be recognised as a platform for collective intelligence (Levy, 1997), a form of group intelligence that emerges from collaboration and competition among large numbers of individuals. Because of the close relationship between design, communication and virtual world technologies, there appears a strong possibility of using virtual worlds to harness collective intelligence for supporting upcoming ‚Äúdesign challenges on a much larger scale as we become an increasingly global and technological society‚Äù (Maher et al, 2010), beyond the current support for small-scale collaborative design teams. Collaborative design is relatively well studied and is characterised by small-scale, carefully structured design teams, usually comprising design professionals with a good understanding of the design task at hand. All team members are generally motivated and have the skills required to structure the shared solution space and to complete the design task. In contrast, collective design (Maher et al, 2010) is characterised by a very large number of participants ranging from professional designers to design novices, who may need to be motivated to participate, whose contributions may not be directly utilised for design purposes, and who may need to learn some or all of the skills required to complete the task. Thus the facets of virtual worlds required to support collective design differ from those required to support collaborative design. Specifically, in addition to design, communication and artificial intelligence tools, various interpretive, mapping and educational tools together with appropriate motivational and reward systems may be required to inform, teach and motivate virtual world users to contribute and direct their inputs to desired design purposes. Many of these world facets are well understood by computer game developers, as level systems, quests or plot and achievement/reward systems. This suggests the possibility of drawing on or adapting computer gaming technologies as a basis for harnessing collective intelligence in design. Existing virtual worlds that permit open-ended design ‚Äì such as Second Life and There ‚Äì are not specifically game worlds as they do not have extensive level, quest and reward systems in the same way as game worlds like World of Warcraft or Ultima Online. As such, while Second Life and There demonstrate emergent design, they do not have the game-specific facets that focus users towards solving specific problems required for harnessing collective intelligence. However, a new massively multiplayer virtual world is soon to be released that combines open-ended design tools with levels, quests and achievement systems. This world is called Lego Universe (www.legouniverse.com). This paper presents technology spaces for the facets of virtual worlds that can contribute to the support of collective intelligence in design, including design and modelling tools, communication tools, artificial intelligence, level system, motivation, governance and other related facets. We discuss how these facets support the design, communication, motivational and educational requirements of collective intelligence applications. The paper concludes with a case study of Lego Universe, with reference to the technology spaces defined above. We evaluate the potential of this or similar tools to move design beyond the individual and small-scale design teams to harness large-scale collective intelligence. We also consider the types of design tasks that might best be addressed in this manner.
keywords	collective intelligence, collective design, virtual worlds, computer games
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	2006_730
id	2006_730
authors	Paterson, Inga
year	2006
title	Architectural Interiors and Exteriors in Computer Games
source	Communicating Space(s) [24th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-5-9] Volos (Greece) 6-9 September 2006, pp. 730-737
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2006.730
summary	This paper looks at the design of place in a game environment. Many 3D video games have a strong orientation to streetscape and interior design. This paper questions what can be learned from architectural insights and examines how cultural references can be used in computer games to enhance the game experience by supporting game play through a deepened sense of immersion. Focusing on the cultural ideologies of play, this paper sets out to consider the suitability of real-world building design in the creation of game-world environments, with an emphasis on how level design can be enhanced through a deepened understanding of the virtual locations in which the game challenges are situated.
keywords	Game-world; game-play; architectural-design; immersive environments
series	eCAADe
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last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

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