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CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	ddss2006-pb-69
id	DDSS2006-PB-69
authors	Noriel Christopher C. Tiglao
year	2006
title	Improving Social Policy through Spatial Information - Application of small area estimation and spatial microsimulation methods in geographical targeting
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Progress in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Eindhoven: Eindhoven University of Technology, ISBN-10: 90-386-1756-9, ISBN-13: 978-90-386-1756-5, p. 69-84
summary	The major goal of social policy in most developing countries is poverty alleviation. The ultimate challenge for policymakers is to use the available resources of the Government in order to provide the greatest possible assistance to those who need it most. Geographical targeting has emerged as one of the more feasible and efficient targeting methods. However, its full utilization is seriously hampered by the lack of the needed data sets. On the other hand, new computational approaches have great potential in providing spatially-disaggregate information. The paper explores the application of small area estimation and spatial microsimulation methods in geographical targeting.
keywords	Poverty targeting, Spatial information, Microsimulation, Small area estimation
series	DDSS
last changed	2006/08/29 12:55

_id	ddss2006-hb-85
id	DDSS2006-HB-85
authors	J.A.M. Borsboom-van Beurden, R.J.A. van Lammeren, T. Hoogerwerf, and A.A. Bouwman
year	2006
title	Linking Land Use Modelling and 3D Visualisation - A mission impossible?
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Innovations in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Springer, ISBN-10: 1-4020-5059-3, ISBN-13: 978-1-4020-5059-6, p. 85-101
summary	Additional to the traditional land use maps 3D visualisation could provide valuable information for applications in the field of spatial planning, related to ecological and agricultural policy issues. Maps of future land use do not always reveal the appearance of the physical environment (the perceived landscape) as a result of land use changes. This means that 3D visualisations might shed light on other aspects of changed land use, such as expected differences in height or densities of new volume objects, or the compatibility of these changes with particular characteristics of the landscape or urban built environment. The Land Use Scanner model was applied for the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency's 'Sustainability Outlook' to explore land use changes, followed by GIS analyses to asses both the development of nature areas and the degree of urbanisation within protected national landscapes. Since it was felt that 3D visualisation could complement the resulting land use maps, the land use model output was coupled to 3D visualisation software in two different ways: 1) through Studio Max software in combination with iconic representation of the concerned land use types and 2) through 3D components of GIS software. However, the use of these techniques on a national scale level for the generation of semi-realistic 3D animations raised a number of conceptual and technical problems. These could be partly ascribed to the particular format and of the Land Use Scanner output. This paper discusses the methods and techniques which have been used to couple the output of the land use model to 3D software, the results of both approaches, and possible solutions for these problems.
keywords	Land use models, 3D visualisation, Policy-making
series	DDSS
last changed	2006/08/29 12:55

_id	ddss2006-pb-135
id	DDSS2006-PB-135
authors	Theo A. Arentze, Aloys W.J. Borgers, and Harry J.P. Timmermans
year	2006
title	A Heuristic Method for Land-Use Plan Generation in Planning Support Systems
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Progress in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Eindhoven: Eindhoven University of Technology, ISBN-10: 90-386-1756-9, ISBN-13: 978-90-386-1756-5, p. 135-151
summary	Existing land-use allocation methods assume that the suitability of a spatial distribution of land-uses can be measured as the sum of suitability scores across parcels. Although this may be plausible for some land-uses, facilities such as retailing, schools, medical services, etc., intend to serve the needs of a local population and should be evaluated at the level of a facility network, instead. The purpose of the present paper is to develop a method that combines a suitable heuristic for facility-location planning with an existing mechanism for land-use allocation, to solve this shortcoming of existing models. In specific, the proposed method combines the interchange heuristic for locating facilities and a swapping heuristic for area-type land-use allocation in a multi-agent framework. A case study shows that the method generates plausible land-use plans in reasonable computation time.
keywords	Urban planning, Planning support systems, Location-allocation models, Suitability analysis
series	DDSS
last changed	2006/08/29 12:55

_id	ddss2006-hb-69
id	DDSS2006-HB-69
authors	Toshihiro Osaragi and Yoshitsugu Aoki
year	2006
title	A Method for Estimating Land Use Transition Probability Using Raster Data - Considerations about apatial unit of transition, fixed state of locations, and time-varying probability
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Innovations in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Springer, ISBN-10: 1-4020-5059-3, ISBN-13: 978-1-4020-5059-6, p. 69-84
summary	In the field of urban and regional planning, several Markov chain models for land use conversion have been proposed. However, some problems have been encountered when estimating land use transition probabilities. In this paper, a new estimation method to determine land use transition probability is proposed by taking into account spatial units of land use transition, fixed state of locations, and varying transition probabilities. The effectiveness of the proposed methods and some new findings on land use conversion are presented using numerical examples.
keywords	Markov chain, Land use, Transition probability, Building lot, Fixed state, Time-varying probability
series	DDSS
last changed	2006/08/29 12:55

_id	ddss2006-hb-467
id	DDSS2006-HB-467
authors	A. Fatah gen. Schieck, A. Penn, V. Kostakos, E. O'Neill, T. Kindberg, D. Stanton Fraser, and T. Jones
year	2006
title	Design Tools for Pervasive Computing in Urban Environments
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Innovations in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Springer, ISBN-10: 1-4020-5059-3, ISBN-13: 978-1-4020-5059-6, p. 467-486
summary	In this paper we report on ongoing research in which the implications of urban scale pervasive computing (always and everywhere present) are investigated for urban life and urban design in the heritage environment of the city of Bath. We explore a theoretical framework for understanding and designing pervasive systems as an integral part of the urban landscape. We develop a framework based on Hillier's Space Syntax theories and Kostakos' PSP framework which encompasses the analysis of space and spatial patterns, alongside the consideration of personal, social and public interaction spaces to capture the complex relationship between pervasive systems, urban space in general and the impact of the deployment of pervasive systems on people's relationships to heritage and to each other. We describe these methodological issues in detail before giving examples from early studies of the types of result we are beginning to find.
keywords	Urban space, Pervasive systems, Urban computing, Space Syntax, Interaction space
series	DDSS
last changed	2006/08/29 12:55

_id	ddss2006-pb-51
id	DDSS2006-PB-51
authors	Dino Borri, Giovanni Circella, Michele Ottomanelli, and Domenico Sassanelli
year	2006
title	Optimization of Choice Modelling in Complex Urban Contexts - Applications in planning for sustainable development
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Progress in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Eindhoven: Eindhoven University of Technology, ISBN-10: 90-386-1756-9, ISBN-13: 978-90-386-1756-5, p. 51-66
summary	This paper focuses on the capabilities of choice models in assisting planners in the development of transport policies and interventions for strategic transport planning for urban systems. Models are looked at as part of a decision support system for the development of transport measures for sustainable mobility. The use of participation is looked at as a tool for the understanding of the real needs in terms of mobility in the complex contemporary society and for the construction of the future transport scenarios and transport alternatives.
keywords	Choice modelling, Behavioural models, Uncertainty, Sustainable development
series	DDSS
last changed	2006/08/29 12:55

_id	sigradi2006_e171c
id	sigradi2006_e171c
authors	González Böhme, Luis Felipe and Vargas Cárdenas, Bernardo
year	2006
title	Foundations for a Constraint-Based Floor Plan Layout Support in Participatory Planning of Low-Income Housing
source	SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 283-287
summary	We introduce the foundations of a novel approach that deals with constraint-based design methods to supporting participatory planning processes of low-income dwellings. We examine the space allocation problem inside the architectural domain on the basis of graph theory and combinatorics, providing a concise mathematical background for an implementation strategy called FLS (Floor plan Layout Support), which is analyzed here for the first time regarding this particular context of application. The philosophy underlying a design method that is mainly driven by the formulation of distinct constraints suggests to avoid the traditional procedure of first to create a yet not necessarily valid instance of the eventual design solution by directly choosing specific parameter values of its shape, and later on to evaluate its validity by confronting the designed model to a set of applicable constraints. Instead, constraint-based design poses a search procedure that operates in a space of planning-relevant constraint sets. The FLS methodology integrates some few principles of constraint-based automated reasoning with high user interactivity, into a design environment where as much dwellers as planners can collaboratively work in solving spatial organization problems of housing projects. The FLS model of application makes use of a combination of dweller-specified constraints, planning and zoning regulations, and a small library of modular space units. Constraint-based design ! methods are particularly capable of supplying efficient support for the collaborative involvement of dwellers into the architectural programming process of her/his own home. Mainly, because dwellers themselves tend to describe their space need and design intentions as a set of constraints on room quantity, space utilization, circulation system, allocation of available furniture, available budget, construction time, and so forth. The goal is to achieve an integrated tool for finding and modelling topologically valid solutions for floor plan layout alternatives, by combining user-driven interactive procedures with automatic search and generative processes. Thus, several design alternatives can be explored in less time and with less effort than using mainstream procedures of architectural practice. A FLS implementation will constitute one system module of a larger integrated system model called Esther. A FLS tool shall interact with other functional modules, like e.g. the BDS (Building Bulk Design Support), which also uses constraint-based design methods. A preliminary procedural model for the FLS was tested on Chile’s official social housing standards (Chilean Building Code – OGUC. Art. 6.4.1) which are very similar to most Latin American housing programs currently in operation.
keywords	constraint-based design; floor plan layout; participatory planning; low-income housing; design theory; design proces
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:52

_id	ddss2008-02
id	ddss2008-02
authors	Gonçalves Barros, Ana Paula Borba; Valério Augusto Soares de Medeiros, Paulo Cesar Marques da Silva and Frederico de Holanda
year	2008
title	Road hierarchy and speed limits in Brasília/Brazil
source	H.J.P. Timmermans, B. de Vries (eds.) 2008, Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, ISBN 978-90-6814-173-3, University of Technology Eindhoven, published on CD
summary	This paper aims at exploring the theory of the Social Logic of Space or Space Syntax as a strategy to define parameters of road hierarchy and, if this use is found possible, to establish maximum speeds allowed in the transportation system of Brasília, the capital city of Brazil. Space Syntax – a theory developed by Hillier and Hanson (1984) – incorporates the space topological relationships, considering the city shape and its influence in the distribution of movements within the space. The theory’s axiality method – used in this study – analyses the accessibility to the street network relationships, by means of the system’s integration, one of its explicative variables in terms of copresence, or potential co-existence between the through-passing movements of people and vehicles (Hillier, 1996). One of the most used concepts of Space Syntax in the integration, which represents the potential flow generation in the road axes and is the focus of this paper. It is believed there is a strong correlation between urban space-form configuration and the way flows and movements are distributed in the city, considering nodes articulations and the topological location of segments and streets in the grid (Holanda, 2002; Medeiros, 2006). For urban transportation studies, traffic-related problems are often investigated and simulated by assignment models – well-established in traffic studies. Space Syntax, on the other hand, is a tool with few applications in transport (Barros, 2006; Barros et al, 2007), an area where configurational models are considered to present inconsistencies when used in transportation (cf. Cybis et al, 1996). Although this is true in some cases, it should not be generalized. Therefore, in order to simulate and evaluate Space Syntax for the traffic approach, the city of Brasília was used as a case study. The reason for the choice was the fact the capital of Brazil is a masterpiece of modern urban design and presents a unique urban layout based on an axial grid system considering several express and arterial long roads, each one with 3 to 6 lanes,
keywords	Space syntax, road hierarchy
series	DDSS
last changed	2008/09/01 17:06

_id	ddss2006-hb-3
id	DDSS2006-HB-3
authors	Guenter Emberger, Nikolaus Ibesich, and Paul Pfaffenbichler
year	2006
title	Can Decision Making Processes Benefit from a User Friendly Land Use and Transport Interaction Model?
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Innovations in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Springer, ISBN-10: 1-4020-5059-3, ISBN-13: 978-1-4020-5059-6, p. 3-18
summary	Urban regions today face serious challenges caused by past and ongoing transport and land use developments. Decision making in this context is a challenging task which was explored in detail in a series of research projects. To support decision making, tools were developed to reduce the risk of inappropriate decisions in the land use and transport context. One of these tools is MARS (Metropolitan Activity Relocation Simulator); an integrated dynamic land use and transport model. The paper presented here focuses therefore on two main issues: 1) the introduction of the decision support tool MARS and of the cause-effect relations between the land-use and the transport system implemented within MARS; and 2) the design and application of the MARS flight simulator (MARS FS) as a graphical user interface for MARS especially designed to the needs of decision makers.
keywords	Land-use and transport model, Dynamic modelling, Decision-making support, Policy instruments, Flight simulator
series	DDSS
last changed	2006/08/29 12:55

_id	ddss2006-pb-313
id	DDSS2006-PB-313
authors	Jakob Beetz, Jos van Leeuwen, and Bauke de Vries
year	2006
title	Distributed Collaboration in the Context of the Semantic Web
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Progress in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Eindhoven: Eindhoven University of Technology, ISBN-10: 90-386-1756-9, ISBN-13: 978-90-386-1756-5, p. 313-323
summary	In this paper we are proposing a Multi Agent System (MAS) framework for the facilitation of distributed collaboration in the AEC/FM domain. We are showing how the stack of technologies developed in the Semantic Web community can be put to use for the specific requirements of the building industry. Based on our earlier findings and developments in the area of logic based knowledge representations for the Design and Construction industry, we are outlining how these can form the semantic foundations of internal agent representations and their interconnection using speech acts.
keywords	Collaborative design, Multi-agent systems, Semantic Web
series	DDSS
last changed	2006/08/29 12:55

_id	ddss2006-hb-325
id	DDSS2006-HB-325
authors	Jean Oh, Jie-Eun Hwang, Stephen F. Smith, and Kimberle Koile
year	2006
title	Learning from Main Streets - A machine learning approach identifying neighborhood commercial districts
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Innovations in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Springer, ISBN-10: 1-4020-5059-3, ISBN-13: 978-1-4020-5059-6, p. 325-340
summary	In this paper we explore possibilities for using Artificial Intelligence techniques to boost the performance of urban design tools by providing large scale data analysis and inference capability. As a proof of concept experiment we showcase a novel application that learns to identify a certain type of urban setting, Main Streets, based on architectural and socioeconomic features of its vicinity. Our preliminary experimental results show the promising potential for the use of machine learning in the solving of urban planning problems.
keywords	Main street approach, Community development, Artificial intelligence, Machine learning, Active learning algorithm
series	DDSS
last changed	2006/08/29 12:55

_id	ddss2006-hb-151
id	DDSS2006-HB-151
authors	Jean-Marie Boussier, P. Estraillier, D. Sarramia, and M. Augeraud
year	2006
title	Approach to Design Behavioural Models for Traffic Network Users - Choice of transport mode
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Innovations in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Springer, ISBN-10: 1-4020-5059-3, ISBN-13: 978-1-4020-5059-6, p. 151-166
summary	Our research work concerns the development of a multimodal urban traffic simulator designed to be a tool of decision-making aid similar to a game wherein the user-player can test different scenarios by immersion in a 3D virtual city. Our approach is based on the activity-based model and the multi-agent technology. The implemented result is a hybrid simulator connecting numerical simulation and behavioural aspects coming from real data. This paper is focused on two points: firstly, we introduce how a final user (the traffic regulator) instantiates and assembles components so as to model a city and its urban traffic network; secondly, we present the use of Dempster-Shafer theory in the context of discrete choice modelling. Our approach manipulates input variables in order to test realistic representations of behaviours of agent categories in a decision-making process. The traffic modelling is based on a questionnaire elaborated from standard arrays of Taguchi. The significant variables and interactions are determined with the analysis of variance which suggests a reduced model describing the behaviour of a particular social category. The belief theory is used to take into account the doubt of some respondents as well as for the preferences redistribution if the number of alternatives changes. The effects of external traffic conditions are also quantified to choose a 'robust' alternative and to use the agents' memory.
keywords	Urban traffic simulator, Virtual city, Multi-agent system, Behavioural model, Transport mean, Taguchi's method, Belief theory
series	DDSS
last changed	2006/08/29 12:55

_id	ddss2006-hb-409
id	DDSS2006-HB-409
authors	Jean-Paul Wetzel, Salim Belblidia, and Jean-Claude Bignon
year	2006
title	A Proposal for Morphological Operators to Assist Architectural Design
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Innovations in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Springer, ISBN-10: 1-4020-5059-3, ISBN-13: 978-1-4020-5059-6, p. 409-418
summary	In this paper, we make the assumption that a shape modelling process can rely on the application of a set of morphological operators to initial shapes. We refer to several researches which have attempted to identify such operators. We also attempt to validate this design approach through the analysis of some buildings. A design system based on the combination of these operators could enable the designer to quickly explore a great number of spatial solutions.
keywords	Morphological operators, Modifiers, Modelling.
series	DDSS
last changed	2006/08/29 12:55

_id	ddss2006-hb-375
id	DDSS2006-HB-375
authors	John G. Hunt
year	2006
title	Forms of Participation in Urban Redevelopment Projects - The differing roles of public and stakeholder contributions to design decision making processes
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Innovations in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Springer, ISBN-10: 1-4020-5059-3, ISBN-13: 978-1-4020-5059-6, p. 375-390
summary	This paper examines how political commitment to participatory design within the context of a major urban redevelopment project was translated into a strategy and a course of action for achieving effective participation within a demanding project timeframe. The project in question involves a new transport interchange for the city of Auckland (New Zealand), the redevelopment of a number of heritage buildings, and the introduction of new buildings to create a mixed use precinct covering three city blocks. The project, currently being implemented, has involved extensive public consultation and stakeholder participation as it has proceeded through the stages of project visioning, an open public design competition, and the development of the competition winning design. The paper draws a distinction between the contributions of stakeholders versus the public at large to the decision-making process, outlines the different kinds of participatory processes adopted by the local authority (Auckland City Council) to effectively engage and involve these two different groups and the stages in the evolution of the project at which these different contributions were introduced. The model of 'open design' proposed by van Gunsteren and van Loon is used as a basis for explaining the success of multi-stakeholder inputs at a crucial stage in project development. The paper concludes by examining the limits of applicability of the 'open design' model in the context of urban redevelopment projects in which there is broad public interest, and by suggesting a number of design decision support guidelines for the management of participatory processes.
keywords	Urban redevelopment, Public participation, Stakeholder participation, Design negotiation, Design decision support
series	DDSS
last changed	2006/08/29 12:55

_id	ddss2006-hb-309
id	DDSS2006-HB-309
authors	John S. Gero and Udo Kannengiesser
year	2006
title	A Framework for Situated Design Optimization
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Innovations in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Springer, ISBN-10: 1-4020-5059-3, ISBN-13: 978-1-4020-5059-6, p. 309-324
summary	This paper presents a framework for situated design optimization that expands the traditional view of design optimization. It is based on the notion of interaction providing the potential for modifications of various aspects of the optimization process: problem formulation, the optimization tool, the designer and ultimately the result. In contrast to other approaches, these modifications can drive further interactions within the same optimization process. We use parts of the situated function-behaviour-structure (FBS) framework as an ontological basis to describe the effects of intertwined interactions and modifications on the state space of ongoing optimization processes.
keywords	Design optimization, Situatedness
series	DDSS
last changed	2006/08/29 12:55

_id	ddss2006-pb-85
id	DDSS2006-PB-85
authors	João Pinelo
year	2006
title	Land Use Location and Urban Topology - Exploring this relationships' relevance and an approach methodology
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Progress in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Eindhoven: Eindhoven University of Technology, ISBN-10: 90-386-1756-9, ISBN-13: 978-90-386-1756-5, p. 85-100
summary	This work's first aim is to analyse the relationship between urban axes' topological properties and urban land use location. The second aim is to do it in a straightforward reliable way. A bottom-top methodology is proposed and explored. It is commonly accepted that land use searches within the city for a convenient location, concerning their business. Location is influenced by several factors. These factors and their relative importance differ among land uses. Accessibility is usually recognised as an important factor. This work analyses some land uses in the city of Lisbon in relation to the location parameter: topological accessibility. The exploratory work made clearer it worth studying topology's role in the location of urban land use. Although short on land use types, its wide spectrum in relation to service level confirms both urban topology as an important location parameter and the proposed method as promising.
keywords	Land use location, Space Syntax, Bottom-top methodology
series	DDSS
last changed	2006/08/29 12:55

_id	ddss2006-hb-187
id	DDSS2006-HB-187
authors	Lidia Diappi and Paola Bolchi
year	2006
title	Gentrification Waves in the Inner-City of Milan - A multi agent / cellular automata model based on Smith's Rent Gap theory
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Innovations in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Springer, ISBN-10: 1-4020-5059-3, ISBN-13: 978-1-4020-5059-6, p. 187-201
summary	The aim of this paper is to investigate the gentrification process by applying an urban spatial model of gentrification, based on Smith's (1979; 1987; 1996) Rent Gap theory. The rich sociological literature on the topic mainly assumes gentrification to be a cultural phenomenon, namely the result of a demand pressure of the suburban middle and upper class, willing to return to the city (Ley, 1980; Lipton, 1977, May, 1996). Little attempt has been made to investigate and build a sound economic explanation on the causes of the process. The Rent Gap theory (RGT) of Neil Smith still represents an important contribution in this direction. At the heart of Smith's argument there is the assumption that gentrification takes place because capitals return to the inner city, creating opportunities for residential relocation and profit. This paper illustrates a dynamic model of Smith's theory through a multi-agent/ cellular automata system approach (Batty, 2005) developed on a Netlogo platform. A set of behavioural rules for each agent involved (homeowner, landlord, tenant and developer, and the passive 'dwelling' agent with their rent and level of decay) are formalised. The simulations show the surge of neighbouring degradation or renovation and population turn over, starting with different initial states of decay and estate rent values. Consistent with a Self Organized Criticality approach, the model shows that non linear interactions at local level may produce different configurations of the system at macro level. This paper represents a further development of a previous version of the model (Diappi, Bolchi, 2005). The model proposed here includes some more realistic factors inspired by the features of housing market dynamics in the city of Milan. It includes the shape of the potential rent according to city form and functions, the subdivision in areal submarkets according to the current rents, and their maintenance levels. The model has a more realistic visualisation of the city and its form, and is able to show the different dynamics of the emergent neighbourhoods in the last ten years in Milan.
keywords	Multi agent systems, Housing market, Gentrification, Emergent systems
series	DDSS
last changed	2006/08/29 12:55

_id	ddss2006-pb-153
id	DDSS2006-PB-153
authors	Linda Ma, Theo Arentze, Aloys Borgers, and Harry Timmermans
year	2006
title	A Multi-Agent Model for Generating Local Land-Use Plans in the Context of an Urban Planning Support System
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Progress in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Eindhoven: Eindhoven University of Technology, ISBN-10: 90-386-1756-9, ISBN-13: 978-90-386-1756-5, p. 153-168
summary	In a multi-player urban planning process, the outcome of any individual decision of the actors is uncertain until a state where the plan is satisfactory for all. To support the plan generation phase, this paper develops a generic multi-agent system, in which agents represent particular land-uses. In the system, agents higher in the hierarchy have priority over agents lower in the hierarchy to claim units of land. This one-direction claim process may result in a plan that is not optimal for every agent. The system, therefore, allows agents to revise their plans in an iterative procedure. A case study illustrates centralized, semi-centralized and decentralized solutions for a plan area based on the outcomes of different strategies used by facility agents (retail, green, schools) and a housing agent. The results show that the proposed system is able to generate rational and realistic plan alternatives for new residential areas.
keywords	Multi-agent system, Planning support system, Plan alternative, Land use planning
series	DDSS
last changed	2006/08/29 12:55

_id	ddss2006-pb-235
id	DDSS2006-PB-235
authors	Luca Caneparo, Francesco Guerra, and Elena Masala
year	2006
title	UrbanLab - Generative platform for urban and regional design
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Progress in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Eindhoven: Eindhoven University of Technology, ISBN-10: 90-386-1756-9, ISBN-13: 978-90-386-1756-5, p. 235-251
summary	UrbanLab is a computer system supporting urban and regional design. The papers outlines two leading aspects of this large research project, aimed respectively to make explicit the dynamic of the design in its time and geographic dimensions, and to interactively represent the interplay of some, explicitly, recognised factors, for instance the role of a multitude of different (local) actors in the design process. UrbanLab has been applied to several projects at different scales. We consider the applications to dynamically and interactively generating models of an Alpine valley. The modelling in the spatial and temporal dimensions provided us with the elements to study the evolution over the next twenty years.
keywords	Generative modelling, Participatory design, DSS, GIS, Software agent, Urban design, Regional design
series	DDSS
last changed	2006/08/29 12:55

_id	ddss2006-pb-35
id	DDSS2006-PB-35
authors	M.C.G. te Brömmelstroet
year	2006
title	Properly Equip Planners, Instead of Just Manning Equipment - A first step in a user-oriented PSS development approach as support for the integration of land use and transport planning
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) 2006, Progress in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Eindhoven: Eindhoven University of Technology, ISBN-10: 90-386-1756-9, ISBN-13: 978-90-386-1756-5, p. 35-50
summary	There is a growing need for planning support in planning practice, especially in land use and transport integration. Recent studies have shown that instruments that provide such are seldom implemented. Building on recommendations of those studies, this paper explores how to develop a planning support system (PSS) for this specific field of planning and shows some preliminary results of the first steps towards such a PSS. An qualitative assessment on the strengths and weaknesses of two recently developed instruments that share this goal; the VPR and the SDS+STE. Due to time constraints, the focus is on the background and framework of the study.
keywords	Land use and transport, PSS, computer-aided planning, participatory design
series	DDSS
last changed	2006/08/29 12:55

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