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CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	2006_532
id	2006_532
authors	Abdelhameed, Wael
year	2006
title	How Does the Digital Environment Change What Architects Do in the Initial Phases of the Design Process?
source	Communicating Space(s) [24th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 0-9541183-5-9] Volos (Greece) 6-9 September 2006, pp. 532-539
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2006.532
summary	Some researchers have tried to answer the question: do we need to think differently while designing in terms of the digital environment? This methodological question leads to another question: what is the range of this difference, if there is one? This research investigates the range of changes in how architects conduct and develop the initial design within the digital environment. The role offered by the digital environment in visual design thinking during conceptual designing through shaping: concepts, forms, and design methods, is identified and explored.
keywords	Conceptual designing; architects; digital environment; design process; visual design thinking
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	sigradi2006_e159b
id	sigradi2006_e159b
authors	Barrow, Larry
year	2006
title	Digital Design Pedagogy - Basic Design - CADCAM Space Box Exploration
source	SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 127-130
summary	This proposed paper will highlight the work of a “pre-architecture” graduate student’s work produced in a “Digital Design II” course in Spring 06. This student has a bachelor’s degree in Architectural Technologies and hopes to attend a “professional” degree program in architecture after completing our Master of Science degree program. The student entered our “pre / post-professional” graduate program as a means of learning more about design, technology and architecture. This provided a rare opportunity to do “research” in the area of digital technology in the early formative phases of a new architecture / design students development. The student chose to study “shadows” as a means of design inquiry. The primary focus of the work was the study of various “4” x 4” x 4” “space-cubes.” The student was given various “design” constraints, and “transformative” operations for the study of positive-negative space relationships, light+shadows, and surface as a means of gaining in-sight to form. The CADCAM tools proved to be empowering for the student’s exploration and learning. With the recent emergence of both more user-friendly hardware and software, we are seeing a paradigm shift in design “ideation.” This is attributed to the evolving human-computer-interface (HCI) that now allows a fluidic means of creative design ideation, digital representation and physical making. Computing technology is now infusing early conceptual design ideation and allowing designers, and form, to follow their ideas. The argument will be supported with primary evidence generated in our pedagogy and research that has shown the visualization and representational power of emerging 2D and 3D CADCAM tools. This paper will analyze the basic “digital design” process used by the writer’s student. Architectural form concepts, heretofore, impossible to model and represent, are now possible due to CADCAM. Emerging designers are integrating “digital thinking” in their fundamental conceptualization of form. These creative free-forms are only feasible for translation to tectonic form using digital design-make techniques. CADCAM tools are empowering designers for form exploration and design creativity. Current computing technology is now infusing the creative design process; the computer is becoming a design “partner” with the designer and is changing form and architecture; thus, we are now seeing unprecedented design-make creativity in architecture.
keywords	Basic Design; CADCAM; Digital Design; Virtual 3D Models; Physical 3D Printed Models
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	ascaad2006_paper6
id	ascaad2006_paper6
authors	Biloria, Nimish; Kas Oosterhus, and Cas Aalbers
year	2006
title	Design Informatics: a case based investigation into parametric design scripting and CNC based manufacturing techniques
source	Computing in Architecture / Re-Thinking the Discourse: The Second International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2006), 25-27 April 2006, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
summary	The research paper exemplifies a novel information integrated design technique developed at ONL (Oosterhuis and Lenard), Netherlands, specifically appropriated for manifesting complex geometric forms. The ‘informed design technique’, apart from being highly instrumental in conceptualizing and generating the geometric component constituting architectural form in a parametric manner, is also efficiently utilized for precise computer aided manufacturing and construction of the speculated form. Geometric complexities inherent in contemporary architectural constructs and the time spent in appropriation of such topologies, fueled the ‘informed design’ approach, which caters to issues of timely construction, precision oriented design and production (visual and material) and parametric modeling attuned to budgetary fluctuations. This designresearch approach has been tested and deployed by ONL, for conceiving ‘the Acoustic Barrier’ project, Utrecht Leidsche Rijn in the Netherlands and is treated as a generic case for exemplifying the ‘informed design’ technique in this research paper. The design methodology encourages visualizing architectural substantiations from a systems perspective and envisages upon a rule based adaptive systems approach involving extrapolation of contextual dynamics/ground data in terms of logical ‘rules’. These rules/conditionalities form the basis for spawning parametric logistics to be mapped upon geometric counterparts exemplifying the conception. The simulated parametric relations bind dimensional aspects (length, width, height etc.) of the geometric construct in a relational manner, eventually culminating in a 3D spatial envelope. This evolved envelope is subsequently intersected with a ‘parametric spatio-constructive grid’, creating specific intersecting points between the two. A pattern of points attained from this intersection: ‘the point cloud’ serves as a generic information field concerning highly specific coordinates, parameters and values for each individual point/constructive node it embodies. The relations between these points are directly linked with precise displacements of structural profiles and related scaling factors of cladding materials. Parallel to this object oriented modeling approach, a detailed database (soft/information component) is also maintained to administer the relations between the obtained points. To be able to derive constructible structural and cladding components from the point cloud configuration customized Scripts (combination of Lisp and Max scripts) process the point cloud database. The programmed scriptroutines, iteratively run calculations to generate steel-wire frames, steel lattice-structure and cladding panels along with their dimensions and execution drawing data. Optimization-routines are also programmed to make rectifications and small adjustments in the calculated data. This precise information is further communicated with CNC milling machines to manifest complex sectional profiles formulating the construct thus enabling timely and effective construction of the conceptualized form.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2007/04/08 19:47

_id	ascaad2006_paper20
id	ascaad2006_paper20
authors	Chougui, Ali
year	2006
title	The Digital Design Process: reflections on architectural design positions on complexity and CAAD
source	Computing in Architecture / Re-Thinking the Discourse: The Second International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2006), 25-27 April 2006, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
summary	These instructions are intended to guide contributors to the Second Architecture is presently engaged in an impatient search for solutions to critical questions about the nature and the identity of the discipline, and digital technology is a key agent for prevailing innovations in architectural design. The problem of complexity underlies all design problems. With the advent of CAD however, Architect’s ability to truly represent complexity has increased considerably. Another source that provides information about dealing with complexity is architectural theory. As Rowe (1987) states, architectural theory constitutes “a corpus of principles that are agreed upon and therefore worthy of emulation”. Architectural theory often is a mixed reflection on the nature of architectural design, design processes, made in descriptive and prescriptive terms (see Kruft 1985). Complexity is obviously not a new issue in architectural theory. Since it is an inherent characteristic of design problems, it has been dealt with in many different ways throughout history. Contemporary architects incorporate the computer in their design process. They produce architecture that is generated by the use of particle systems, simulation software, animation software, but also the more standard modelling tools. The architects reflect on the impact of the computer in their theories, and display changes in style by using information modelling techniques that have become versatile enough to encompass the complexity of information in the architectural design process. In this way, architectural style and theory can provide directions to further develop CAD. Most notable is the acceptance of complexity as a given fact, not as a phenomenon to oppose in systems of organization, but as a structuring principle to begin with. No matter what information modelling paradigm is used, complex and huge amounts of information need to be processed by designers. A key aspect in the combination of CAD, complexity, and architectural design is the role of the design representation. The way the design is presented and perceived during the design process is instrumental to understanding the design task. More architects are trying to reformulate this working of the representation. The intention of this paper is to present and discuss the current state of the art in architectural design positions on complexity and CAAD, and to reflect in particular on the role of digital design representations in this discussion. We also try to investigate how complexity can be dealt with, by looking at architects, in particular their styles and theories. The way architects use digital media and graphic representations can be informative how units of information can be formed and used in the design process. A case study is a concrete architect’s design processes such as Peter Eisenman Rem Koolhaas, van Berkel, Lynn, and Franke gehry, who embrace complexity and make it a focus point in their design, Rather than viewing it as problematic issue, by using computer as an indispensable instrument in their approaches.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2007/04/08 19:47

_id	sigradi2006_e090b
id	sigradi2006_e090b
authors	Hanna, Sean and Turner, Alasdair
year	2006
title	Teaching parametric design in code and construction
source	SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 158-161
summary	Automated manufacturing processes with the ability to translate digital models into physical form promise both an increase in the complexity of what can be built, and through rapid prototyping, a possibility to experiment easily with tangible examples of the evolving design. The increasing literacy of designers in computer languages, on the other hand, offers a new range of techniques through which the models themselves might be generated. This paper reviews the results of an integrated parametric modelling and digital manufacturing workshop combining participants with a background in computer programming with those with a background in fabrication. Its aim was both to encourage collaboration in a domain that overlaps both backgrounds, as well as to explore the ways in which the two working methods naturally extend the boundaries of traditional parametric design. The types of projects chosen by the students, the working methods adopted and progress made will be discussed in light of future educational possibilities, and of the future direction of parametric tools themselves. Where standard CAD constructs isolated geometric primitives, parametric models allow the user to set up a hierarchy of relationships, deferring such details as specific dimension and sometimes quantity to a later point. Usually these are captured by a geometric schema. Many such relationships in real design however, can not be defined in terms of geometry alone. Logical operations, environmental effects such as lighting and air flow, the behaviour of people and the dynamic behaviour of materials are all essential design parameters that require other methods of definition, including the algorithm. It has been our position that the skills of the programmer are necessary in the future of design. Bentley’s Generative Components software was used as the primary vehicle for the workshop design projects. Built within the familiar Microstation framework, it enables the construction of a parametric model at a range of different interfaces, from purely graphic through to entirely code based, thus allowing the manipulation of such non-geometric, algorithmic relationships as described above. Two-dimensional laser cutting was the primary fabrication method, allowing for rapid manufacturing, and in some cases iterative physical testing. The two technologies have led in the workshop to working methods that extend the geometric schema: the first, by forcing an explicit understanding of design as procedural, and the second by encouraging physical experimentation and optimisation. The resulting projects have tended to focus on responsiveness to conditions either coded or incorporated into experimental loop. Examples will be discussed. While programming languages and geometry are universal in intent, their constraints on the design process were still notable. The default data structures of computer languages (in particular the rectangular array) replace one schema limitation with another. The indexing of data in this way is conceptually hard-wired into much of our thinking both in CAD and in code. Thankfully this can be overcome with a bit of programming, but the number of projects which have required this suggests that more intuitive, or spatial methods of data access might be developed in the future.
keywords	generative design; parametric model; teaching
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:53

_id	ascaad2006_paper4
id	ascaad2006_paper4
authors	Kouider, Tahar
year	2006
title	Evolution or Revolution: is digital conceptual design the way forward for Architects?
source	Computing in Architecture / Re-Thinking the Discourse: The Second International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2006), 25-27 April 2006, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
summary	This research investigates architectural conceptual design and discusses its recent historical, philosophical and theoretical development within the overall architectural design process and attempts to establish an objective definition more tuned to current thinking and advancement in technology. It also evaluates the various traditional and information technology (IT) tools available to the designer and establishes their relationship to the conceptual design process in order to identify if any of these tools, in particular the IT tools, have a role to play in the practice and the enhancement of the conceptual design process. A survey of Scottish practicing architects (small to medium size practices) was undertaken to validate the results of the investigation. The results seem to suggest that IT tools are not essential to the conceptual design process but that they are very well capable of enhancing the creativity and speed of some aspects of it. They also suggest the existence of an inherent resistance amongst Architects / designers to utilising these tools in conceptual design. It is, furthermore, identified that if practitioners were to encompass new working practices and acquire new skills, IT tools could also provide powerful new modes of communication with the client. A correlation between the size of the practice and the degree of exposure and experience of IT tools was also established. To test some of the above findings, a design studio experiment was undertaken where half of the students adopted digital tools, utilising SketchUp software and digital sketchpads, whilst the others adopted traditional tools for the conceptual design part of their projects. No attempt was made to gauge the quality of the actual designs produced. The results indicate that the SketchUp group rated their conceptual design experience higher in terms of efficiency, flexibility and communication. The control group, who had dominantly adopted traditional freehand sketching, were impressed by the outcome from the SketchUp group. All student who answered the questionnaire, both SketchUp and control groups, said they would consider adopting some form of 3D sketching in the future.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2007/04/08 19:47

_id	ascaad2006_paper24
id	ascaad2006_paper24
authors	Lerma, José and Salim A. Elwazani
year	2006
title	Digital Rectified Imagery: a survey method for design and conservation projects
source	Computing in Architecture / Re-Thinking the Discourse: The Second International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2006), 25-27 April 2006, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
summary	Faced with the need for understanding the physical context of the projects that come under their jurisdiction, architects, urban designers, and conservationists strive to secure congruent information. Practicing professionals are not set to carry out the collecting of information themselves. As information “users,” they reach out to information “providers,” including surveyors, photogrammetrists, and GIS specialists, to secure needed information. Information providers employ a gamut of methods to survey and document design project contexts, including land surveying techniques, stereophotogrammetry, rectified imagery, laser scanning, and GIS. This study deals with digital rectified imagery (DRI) only and is aimed at creating an awareness of the method characteristics in the minds of the information users toward taking advantage of available DRI documentation opportunities offered by the information providers. As part of the methodology for this study, the authors have selected a subject building, captured a number of images through a digital camera, and processed the images using image processing software. The significance of this study resides in enabling the information users to understand RDI and to tap on its potential for consummating design, planning, and conservation projects.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2007/04/08 19:47

_id	ascaad2006_paper3
id	ascaad2006_paper3
authors	Luesche, Andreas and Salim Elwazani
year	2006
title	Adapting Digital Technologies to Architectural Education Need
source	Computing in Architecture / Re-Thinking the Discourse: The Second International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2006), 25-27 April 2006, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
summary	Adapting digital technologies to architecture school settings is a topic of universal interest. Properly construed, adapting digital technologies to architectural education emanates from philosophical underpinnings. For architectural programs, the scientific-artistic attribute notion can be a powerful reference for mapping program mission, goals, and curriculum. A program plan developed with scientific-artistic attributes of performance in mind can tap on the use of digital media from the perspective that the media has scientific-artistic characteristics itself. Implementation of digital technologies adaptation can be challenged, among other things, by scarcity in resources. This paper focuses on the role of digital equipment resources in adaptation. A case in point is the use of digital technologies at the Architecture and Environmental Design Studies (Arch/EDS) Program of Bowling Green State University. The study considered the utilization by the third and fourth year design studio students of the digital resources at the Center for Applied Technology, a College based, but University wide serving unit. The objective of the study was to build up a theoretical understanding of the adaptation problem and come up with strategy guidelines for adapting digital media resources to architectural education. A survey of students and interviews with the Center’s personnel were methods used to collect data. The study has placed the adaptation problem in a philosophical context, turned out a set of theoretical generalizations about digital utilization, and suggested strategy adaptive guidelines. Beyond facilitating adaptation specific to the Arch/EDS Program, the results of the study are bound to affect digital adaptation in a general sense.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2007/04/08 19:47

_id	ascaad2006_paper7
id	ascaad2006_paper7
authors	Lömker, Thorsten M.
year	2006
title	Designing with Machines: solving architectural layout planning problems by the use of a constraint programming language and scheduling algorithms
source	Computing in Architecture / Re-Thinking the Discourse: The Second International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2006), 25-27 April 2006, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
summary	In 1845 Edgar Allan Poe wrote the poem “The Raven”, an act full of poetry, love, passion, mourning, melancholia and death. In his essay “The Theory of Composition” which was published in 1846 Poe proved that the poem is based on an accurate mathematical description. Not only in literature are structures present that are based on mathematics. In the work of famous musicians, artists or architects like Bach, Escher or Palladio it is evident that the beauty and clarity of their work as well as its traceability has often been reached through the use of intrinsic mathematic coherences. If suchlike structures could be described within architecture, their mathematical abstraction could supplement “The Theory of Composition” of a building. This research focuses on an approach to describe principles in architectural layout planning in the form of mathematical rules that will be executed by the use of a computer. Provided that “design” is in principle a combinatorial problem, i.e. a constraint-based search for an overall optimal solution of a design problem, an exemplary method will be described to solve problems in architectural layout planning. Two problem domains will be examined: the design of new buildings, as well as the revitalization of existing buildings. Mathematical and syntactical difficulties that arise from the attempt to extract rules that relate to the process of building design will be pointed out. To avoid conflicts relating to theoretical subtleness a customary approach has been chosen in this work which is adopted from Operations Research. In this approach design is a synonym for planning, which could be described as a systematic and methodical course of action for the analysis and solution of current or future problems. The planning task is defined as an analysis of a problem with the aim to prepare optimal decisions by the use of mathematical methods. The decision problem of a planning task is represented by an optimization model and the application of an efficient algorithm to aid finding one or more solutions to the problem. The basic principle underlying the approach presented herein is the understanding of design in terms of searching for solutions that fulfill specific criteria. This search will be executed by the use of a constraint programming language, which refers to mathematical as well as to integer and mixed integer programming. Examples of architectural layout problems will be presented that can be solved by the use of this programming paradigm. In addition to this, a second programming approach resulting from the domain of resource-allocation has been followed in this research. It will be demonstrated that it is as well possible, to aid architectural layout planning by the use of scheduling algorithms.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2007/11/27 08:22

_id	caadria2006_641
id	caadria2006_641
authors	PIYABOON NILKAEW
year	2006
title	ASSISTANT TOOL FOR ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT DESIGN BY GENETIC ALGORITHM
source	CAADRIA 2006 [Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Kumamoto (Japan) March 30th - April 2nd 2006, 641-643
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2006.x.s6m
summary	Architectural design is a very complicated process. It contains many sequences within the design process that the architects have to take into considerations. Within the process, the architect will look for every feasible schematic to make the best decision for developing the final design process. However, the preliminary design involves both conceptual and schematic design that concern about quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis. The objective of this research is to utilize an assistant method or tool to help form a preliminary design and a thinking process by using genetic algorithm to find the feasible solutions for conceptual and schematic design.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:49

_id	ascaad2006_paper17
id	ascaad2006_paper17
authors	Rahman, Rashidah AB. and Alan Day
year	2006
title	A Comparative Study of Digital and Traditional Tools for Participative Design
source	Computing in Architecture / Re-Thinking the Discourse: The Second International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2006), 25-27 April 2006, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
summary	Computer tools have been used by experts for a wide range of activities including design and planning, historical conservation, urban management, education, and marketing and promotion. However, the difficulty of using these tools has meant that they have only been used by experts and their benefits have not been available to the public when engaged in participative design exercises. This paper reviews the extent of computer tool usage within urban design and goes on to propose a new way of utilizing digital tools in order to involve non-experts. The work that is presented here takes the form of an experiment which compares the traditional participative design approach with one that employs a three-dimensional digital approach. The setting for the experiment is based on the design of student housing on the University of Bath campus in the United Kingdom. Findings from the experiment demonstrate that the digital toolkit that is proposed has considerable potential to aid the process of participatory design.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2007/04/08 19:47

_id	ascaad2006_paper14
id	ascaad2006_paper14
authors	Techel, Florian
year	2006
title	Future of Communicating Digital Design in Architecture: overcoming the divisive power of Computer Aided Design
source	Computing in Architecture / Re-Thinking the Discourse: The Second International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2006), 25-27 April 2006, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
summary	A few decades ago architects, engineers and the building industry relied on a set of self-developed tools for drawing and standards for communication within the profession and beyond. Everyone involved in the process of building understood these standards that were developed, controlled and updated by the profession. Today the situation appears more ambiguous. The introduction of Digital Media, and specifically Computer Aided Design, has greatly enhanced the potential for productivity gains. On the other hand, the lack of standardized open file exchange formats in CAD has created communication barriers by making data exchange more confusing and ambiguous. Frequently this has consumed the very productivity gains that were originally envisioned by industry. Problems with proper and fluent data exchange between software applications to no small extent are due to fundamental disagreements between software designers on the proper digital description of a building, leading to nearly insurmountable communication obstacles, designed to potentially divide the profession, practitioners and the educational environment. Consequently construction has not partaken in the productivity gains that other industries have enjoyed. Proprietary file formats and closed software systems have fostered the development of design camps that rally behind one software. Others reluctantly buy into certain “solutions” for they are perceived to be standards. Innovation is hampered as development of industry design tools is no longer controlled by architects, engineers and the construction sector but instead by private software companies frequently pursuing their Based on 20 years of experience with CAD in the profession and academia this paper critically investigates the status quo of CAD in the building industry. It points towards strategies of overcoming the current problematic situation and putting the profession back in control of its own communication process.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2007/04/08 19:47

_id	caadria2006_633
id	caadria2006_633
authors	WAN-YU LIU
year	2006
title	THE EMERGING DIGITAL STYLE: Attention shift in architectural style recognition
source	CAADRIA 2006 [Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Kumamoto (Japan) March 30th - April 2nd 2006, 633-635
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2006.x.g4f
summary	“Style” has long been an important index to observe the design thinking of designers in architecture. Gombrich (1968) defined style as a particular selection from the alternatives when doing things; Ackerman (1963) considered that a distiguishable ensemble of certain characteristics we call a style; Schapiro (1961) pointed out that style is constant forms, and sometimes the constant elements, qualities and expression; Kirsch (1998), Cha and Gero (1999) thought of style as a form element and shape pattern. As Simon and others referred to, style emerged from the process of problem solving, Chan (1994, 2001) ever devised a serious of experiments to set up the operational definitions of style, further five factors that relate to generating styles. Owing to that the greater part of sketches and drawings in the design process couldn’t be replaced by computer-aided design systems (Eisentraut, 1997), designers must shift between different problem-solving methods while facing different design problems. The purpose in this research is to discuss the influences of computer usage on style generation and style recognition: The employment of certain procedural factors that occurred in the design processes that using conventional media is different from the ones that using computer media? Do personal styles emerge while designers shifting between different media in the design processes? Does any unusual phenomenon emerge while accustomed CAD-systems designers recognizing a style?
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:49

_id	sigradi2006_e183a
id	sigradi2006_e183a
authors	Costa Couceiro, Mauro
year	2006
title	La Arquitectura como Extensión Fenotípica Humana - Un Acercamiento Basado en Análisis Computacionales [Architecture as human phenotypic extension – An approach based on computational explorations]
source	SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 56-60
summary	The study describes some of the aspects tackled within a current Ph.D. research where architectural applications of constructive, structural and organization processes existing in biological systems are considered. The present information processing capacity of computers and the specific software development have allowed creating a bridge between two holistic nature disciplines: architecture and biology. The crossover between those disciplines entails a methodological paradigm change towards a new one based on the dynamical aspects of forms and compositions. Recent studies about artificial-natural intelligence (Hawkins, 2004) and developmental-evolutionary biology (Maturana, 2004) have added fundamental knowledge about the role of the analogy in the creative process and the relationship between forms and functions. The dimensions and restrictions of the Evo-Devo concepts are analyzed, developed and tested by software that combines parametric geometries, L-systems (Lindenmayer, 1990), shape-grammars (Stiny and Gips, 1971) and evolutionary algorithms (Holland, 1975) as a way of testing new architectural solutions within computable environments. It is pondered Lamarck´s (1744-1829) and Weismann (1834-1914) theoretical approaches to evolution where can be found significant opposing views. Lamarck´s theory assumes that an individual effort towards a specific evolutionary goal can cause change to descendents. On the other hand, Weismann defended that the germ cells are not affected by anything the body learns or any ability it acquires during its life, and cannot pass this information on to the next generation; this is called the Weismann barrier. Lamarck’s widely rejected theory has recently found a new place in artificial and natural intelligence researches as a valid explanation to some aspects of the human knowledge evolution phenomena, that is, the deliberate change of paradigms in the intentional research of solutions. As well as the analogy between genetics and architecture (Estévez and Shu, 2000) is useful in order to understand and program emergent complexity phenomena (Hopfield, 1982) for architectural solutions, also the consideration of architecture as a product of a human extended phenotype can help us to understand better its cultural dimension.
keywords	evolutionary computation; genetic architectures; artificial/natural intelligence
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:49

_id	sigradi2006_e172c
id	sigradi2006_e172c
authors	Donath, Dirk and González Böhme, Luis Felipe
year	2006
title	A Constraint-Based Building Bulk Design Support
source	SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 278-282
summary	We introduce an architecture practice-oriented implementation strategy of constraint-based methods called BDS (Building Bulk Design Support) to supporting bulk analysis during the architectural programming phase. We examine the optmization problem of site coverage and building massing according to a set of standard planning and zoning regulations, and try a problem solving approach based on the paradigm of constraint satisfaction problems. The case study, which is focused on the paticipatory planning of very low-income dwellings within the Latin American context, serves as testbed for a prototypical application of the adopted methodology. The BDS constitutes a novel approach on computer-aided bulk analysis, regarding this particularly relevant context of application. In the case of participatively planned low-income housing projects, efficiency regarding time and cost of planning directly affects dwellers’ quality of life, whereas elementary programming tasks such as bulk analysis lack appropriate state-of-the-art technological support. Traditional architectural planning methods demand a large domain-specific knowledge base and skillful planners. A planning process, which is mainly driven by the formulation of planning-relevant constraints and sets of solution alternatives, suggests to avoid architects’ traditional procedure of: 1. Create an (yet not necessarily valid) instance of the eventual design solution by directly choosing specific values for its shape parameters. 2. Evaluate its validity by confronting the designed model to a set of applicable constraints, which have to be satisfied. Instead, the constraint-based design methodology poses a search procedure that operates in a space of pertinent constraint sets. A computer-aided interactive search procedure to find more valid design solution alternatives in less time and with less effort is particularly qualified to supply efficient support for participatory planning activities carried out between dwellers and planners. The set of solutions for a building-bulk design problem is constrained by both a large complex system of planning and zoning regulations and the geometry of the eventual design solution itself. Given a considerable amount of such regulations, a regular size geometric constraint satisfaction system proved to be capable of providing a highly efficient, interactive modeling and evaluation tool for the formulation in real time of valid solution alternatives for an ordinary building-bulk design problem. A BDS implementation will constitute one system module of a larger integrated system model called Esther. A BDS tool shall interact with other functional modules, like e.g. the FLS (Floor plan Layout Support), which also uses constraint-based design methods.
keywords	constraint-based design; bulk analysis; participatory planning; low-income housing; design theory; design proces
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:50

_id	sigradi2006_e145a
id	sigradi2006_e145a
authors	Heiss, Leah
year	2006
title	Empathy over distance: Wearables as tools for augmenting Remote Emotional Connection
source	SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 66-69
summary	Mainstream communication modes emphasise network speed, connection access, resolution, portability, and aesthetic design as primary to the success of their products. Within this vision a three by four centimetre screen and high resolution display are deemed adequate to emulate the intensities and complexities of face-to-face connection with loved ones. They allow us to ‘be there with you’ from wherever we might be. Yet interpersonal communication is a massively complex phenomenon. It involves a plethora of micro-activities which occur at a physical, physiological, and psychological level allowing us to recognise at a cellular scale intention, motive and emotional authenticity. Our conscious and non-conscious involvement in spatially collocated communication is substantial due to these myriad channels of real-time bi-directional information transfer. While contemporary communications technologies have the capacity to mediate our relationships, they fall short of encouraging the richness of spatially co-present interaction. The research discussed in this paper investigates the potential expansion of remote connection when electronically enhanced apparel is incorporated into the communications mix. Rather than pursuing the manifold functionalities of traditional communications media the garments discussed focus solely on the goal of enhancing empathy between physically distant individuals. This paper reports on the development and testing of a range of garments that conduct presence information between remotely located people. The garments sense, process, transmit and receive the heartbeat wavelength (ECG). They are enabled with ECG sensors, signal processing equipment, small vibration motors, and radio transceivers which allow users to ‘feel’ the heartbeat of a remote friend/lover/relative as vibration through their garment. The prototypes aim to enrich the remote communications experience through reintroducing an embodied, tactile dimension that is present in face-to-face communication. A range of user testing trials will be discussed which have been undertaken to assess the impact of the garments at a conscious and a non-conscious level. Conscious experiences were gauged through qualitative testing, by way of interviews and unsolicited written reactions, which have provided a range of engaging emotional responses. Non-conscious physiological reactions were assessed by recording ECG throughout user-testing periods. This data has been processed using HRV (heart rate variability) analysis software, running on MatLab. Preliminary results suggest that users have strong conscious and non-conscious reactions to the experience of wearing the prototype garments. The paper will describe the data processing techniques and findings of the user testing trials. The development of biosignal sensing garments has raised a range of issues including: innovative potentials for embedded peripheral awareness media; the expansion of the classical body to incorporate remotely sensed information; the issue of data semantics and the development of intensely personal non-verbal languages; and the issue of corporeal privacy when one’s biological information is exposed for potential download. They also bring into question how our bodily experiences might change when we incorporate remote sensory systems.
keywords	Enabled apparel; emotional tools; biosignals
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:53

_id	c8de
id	c8de
authors	Horne, Margaret; Hamza, Neveen
year	2006
title	Integration of Virtual Reality within the Built Environment Curriculum
source	ITCon Vol.11 pp. 311-324
summary	Virtual Reality (VR) technology is still perceived by many as being inaccessible and cost prohibitive with VR applications considered expensive to develop as well as challenging to operate. This paper reflects on current developments in VR technologies and describes an approach adopted for its phased integration into the academic curriculum of built environment students. The process and end results of implementing the integration are discussed and the paper illustrates the challenges of introducing VR, including the acceptance of the technology by academic staff and students, interest from industry, and issues pertaining to model development. It sets out to show that fairly sophisticated VR models can now be created by non-VR specialists using commercially available software and advocates that the implementation of VR will increase alongside industry’s adoption of these tools and the emergence of a new generation of students with VR skills. The study shows that current VR technologies, if integrated appropriately within built environment academic programmes, demonstrate clear promise to provide a foundation for more widespread collaborative working environments.
keywords	virtual reality, built environment, integration, academic curriculum
series	journal paper
type	normal paper
email
more	http://itcon.org/2006/23/
last changed	2006/06/07 23:49

_id	caadria2006_081
id	caadria2006_081
authors	JÖRG RÜGEMER
year	2006
title	WEB BASED DESIGN AND COMMUNICATION PEDAGOGY : Group pedagogy and the implementation of web-based technologies within the design process
source	CAADRIA 2006 [Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Kumamoto (Japan) March 30th - April 2nd 2006, 81-90
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2006.x.p2s
summary	The success of the international Zollhof project in Düsseldorf, Germany, in which virtual communication played a crucial role, was the catalyst for introducing interdisciplinary digital methods in the field of teaching. The firm of Frank O. Gehry and Associates, Santa Monica, California, served as an initial field of experimentation in order to bring together a heterogeneous group of project partners to participate in the design and construction phases of the Zollhof project. The design development, construction document, and construction phase was considerably enhanced by the employment of digital media as a communication and information tool. Parallel to the design process in the office in Santa Monica, a line of information flow and management had to be established to connect the local design team with consultants that were located in Europe and specifically in Germany. This line of communication required the team to send precise descriptions of project steps to the participants abroad, as well as receiving and processing a flow of responses returning to the Santa Monica office in very short intervals. By advancing and documenting each design and development step, the project progression was clearly documented by the project teams and thus understandable to everybody involved. The process demanded a highly articulated project description in text and images that were refined and exchanged daily. This helped to strengthen the cooperation between the design team and the project consultants and started to dissolve the role of the prime architect or designer toward a more team-related and democratic structure. All participants had quick access to all necessary information, which set aside the vertical hierarchy in favor of transparent communication tools and platforms.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ecaade2017_256
id	ecaade2017_256
authors	Symeonidou, Ioanna
year	2017
title	Reinventing Design-Build projects with the use of digital media for design and construction - A survey of 120 educational pavilions
source	Fioravanti, A, Cursi, S, Elahmar, S, Gargaro, S, Loffreda, G, Novembri, G, Trento, A (eds.), ShoCK! - Sharing Computational Knowledge! - Proceedings of the 35th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy, 20-22 September 2017, pp. 231-240
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2017.1.231
summary	During the last decade the hype for digitally fabricated educational pavilions has become very popular among architecture schools. A survey with the aim to catalogue and classify educational pavilions revealed more than 120 cases of digitally fabricated pavilions within the last decade. The analysis of the sample of 120 Design-Build projects built during the period 2006-2016 revealed, apart from obvious similarities and differences, the prevailing trends relating to the materials and the technology used for the design, manufacturing and assembly. From the processing of the gathered data a set of typologies emerge, which relate both to morphological characteristics as well as to the design process. The paper concludes by discussing the advantages and critical points of this educational practice and the learning outcomes for both students and educators.
keywords	Design-Build; Digital fabrication; architectural education; CAD / CAM; pavilions
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	sigradi2006_c020a
id	sigradi2006_c020a
authors	Vasquez de Velasco de la Puente, Guillermo; Garcia Alvarado, Rodrigo and Bustos, Gabriela
year	2006
title	Taller Virtual de Las Américas: Análisis, Síntesis y Propuesta de Desarrollo en Ambientes Multiusuarios Interactivos [America’s Virtual studio: Analysis, Synthesis and Proposal for develop an interactive multi-user environment]
source	SIGraDi 2006 - [Proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Santiago de Chile - Chile 21-23 November 2006, pp. 105-109
summary	As the title suggests, this paper makes an attempt to provide a factual analysis and synthesis of the activities that the Tex-Mex Virtual Design Studio, and later the Las Americas Virtual Design Studio, have been implementing since September of 1996, The objective of this attempt is to provide a framework for the formulation of a new conceptual and instrumental profile for future implementations of our virtual design studios. With such a purpose the paper outlines the importance of virtual design studios in the framework of opening design education to distance education methodologies and argues in favor of their further utilization for addressing issues of globalization in architecture and design education. This argument is followed by a quick description of current practices within the Las Americas Virtual Design Studio and sets the stage for a detailed description of how multi-user interactive environments may further support interaction within virtual design studios.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 10:02

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