CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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Hits 1 to 20 of 518

_id sigradi2007_af27
id sigradi2007_af27
authors Muñoz Henríquez, Leda María
year 2007
title Towards a Graphic Design teaching methodology, based on a system of perceptual tools for digital visual codification [Hacia una metodología de enseñanza del Diseño Gráfico, basada en un sistema de herramientas perceptuales de codificación visual digital]
source SIGraDi 2007 - [Proceedings of the 11th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] México D.F. - México 23-25 October 2007, pp. 121-126
summary New requirements from the "Visual Information Society" motivate the creation of strategies for the teaching of digital design as a professional skill. Here we describe a computer-mediated experience with a learning method addressing a strategy of digital visual codification in initial workshops of Graphic Design. The strategy is based on a “system of perceptual tools for digital visual codification”, categorized into semiotic foundations, which allow the student to address visual communication through digital design with normalized criteria and creative openness. This enables the student to develop competence in visual digital communication and self-assessment of both process and result.
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:55

_id ascaad2007_058
id ascaad2007_058
authors Abdelhameed, W. and Y. Kobayashi
year 2007
title Developing a New Approach of Computer Use ‘KISS Modeling’ for Design-Ideas Alternatives of Form Massing: A framework for three-Dimensional Shape Recognition in Initial Design Phases
source Em‘body’ing Virtual Architecture: The Third International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2007), 28-30 November 2007, Alexandria, Egypt, pp. 745-756
summary This research aims at developing a new approach called ‘KISS Modeling’. KISS is generally a rule of ‘Keep It Simple, Stupid’ that will be applied in modeling process investigated and presented by the research. The new approach is implemented in a computer program ‘KISS Modeling’ that generates three dimensional forms based on simplifying the concept of shape recognition in design. The research, however, does not employ totally concepts of shape recognition or shape understanding in Artificial Intelligence and psychology. The research, in summary, investigates and describes: 1) a new approach of computer use contributing to generating design-ideas alternatives of form massing in initial design phases, within a simple way that any designer can understand at single glance, 2) implementation of shape recognition for generative three dimensional forms, 3) function to generate different outputs from different recognition, and 4) case studies introduced through applications and functions of the three dimensional modeling system presented by the research. The research concluded that the introduced processes help the user improve the management of conceptual designing through facilitating a discourse of his/her modeling of design-ideas massing.
series ASCAAD
email
last changed 2008/01/21 22:00

_id ecaade2007_226
id ecaade2007_226
authors Agger, Kristian; Lassen, Michael; Knudsen, Nikolaj; Borup, Ruben; Rimestad, Jens; Norholdt, Peter; Bramsen, Nikolaj
year 2007
title B-processor
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.043
source Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 43-50
summary The B-processor is a redesign of the digital building information modelling/managing concept: Addressing the whole building industry participants and all phases in the building process. Offering a new “standard” for digital building information structure with generic modelling and evaluation tools in the B-model kernel. Plug-in structure for free extension of the B-processor system by the Building Industry. Kernel prototyped in Java to be downloaded for free – open source.
keywords Digital applications in construction, digital fabrication and construction, prediction and evaluation, design methodology, generative design
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id caadria2007_677
id caadria2007_677
authors Anbusivan, R.
year 2007
title Automation of Passive Solar Design System
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2007.x.l5x
source CAADRIA 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Nanjing (China) 19-21 April 2007
summary This research, focus on the automation of passive solar design system using computational method. The quantitative nature of passive solar design system makes the automation possible. The automation is done in stages, because implementing the passive solar design system is not an isolated process, but intertwined with the overall design process. The first phase of automation concentrates in conceptual stage, to avoid major deviations in later stages of the design. The conceptual stage use Eco-grammar (A preset Design guidelines for corresponding climate) and user inputs for initial form generation. The second stage of automation is done after the user finalize the model with respect to its position rotation and arrangements. In this stage manipulation of vertex, edges and faces of the forms were manipulated using genetic algorithm. The value of mutation or crossover done in genetic algorithm is suggested by knowledge engine (preloaded design knowledge). Until the form obtains or reach closer to the desired values of performance the loop between analysis and mutation, crossover will be continued. On the basis of analysis result further manipulations may change from the previous which is guided by the knowledge engine.
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id caadria2007_611
id caadria2007_611
authors Arpornwicharnop, Kittisak; Pinyo Jinuntuya and Pizzanu Kanongchaiyos
year 2007
title Simulation Software Development for Urban Landscape Possibility Analysis
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2007.x.u9u
source CAADRIA 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Nanjing (China) 19-21 April 2007
summary This research paper proposes a simulation software development for possibility analysis of urban landscape development project. Normally, analysis of land potentiality and feasibility study for investment are necessary pre-processed for supporting urban planning, developing and architectural designing. However, most available tools are usually tailor made for each process individually, causing difficulties in information interchange between each processes. In this research, we propose a policy making support system for urban planning project development providing several functions such as testing land use and its physical character which are important to urban expansion and architectural design based on impact analysis of urban comprehensive plan. The proposed integrated system consists of a topological analysis module, constraint checking module and geographical information processing module. First, Geographical information stored in 3D graphic file format is converted to object-oriented data model and stored in a database. With several constraint and regulations, the stored information is then checked in the landscape topological analysis module. In evaluation process, the developed software is tested with geographical information of Bangkok area under constraints and regulations of Building Control Act of Thailand. While controlling building properties, the software can model the buildings and generate urban physical character. The result is then checked by several urban landscape planning experts. Experimental result shows that proposed system provides flexibility in information interchanging with constraints and regulations updating without system reconfiguration. The system also provides internet accessing for public participation in the process of making urban comprehensive plan.
series CAADRIA
type normal paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id ascaad2007_038
id ascaad2007_038
authors Bakr, A.F. and D. Saadallah
year 2007
title Strategic planning through Mapping of Water pollution in Lack of information system utilizing geographic information system (GIS): Lake Maryout, Alexandria, Egypt
source Em‘body’ing Virtual Architecture: The Third International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2007), 28-30 November 2007, Alexandria, Egypt, pp. 479-490
summary Strategic planning always requests supporting tools to defeat lack of data problems, which is a common drawback in our planning system as a result of several reasons. This paper is an extensive overview of the recent application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in the domain of water contamination in lakes. The authors try to establish a GIS mapping technique, which is customized for Lake of Maryout in Alexandria city, Egypt demonstrating various GIS analysis techniques/approaches applied to a diversity of real-life engineering endeavors in the water contamination control management sector in a lack of data system. First, the reader is concisely acquainted with the major steps of utilized mapping technique and how they are conducted. Second, the technique would be applied to define degree of water pollution distribution in Lake of Maryout. Finally, the output maps would be analyzed to delineate a quick and long term strategy of solution.
series ASCAAD
last changed 2008/01/21 22:00

_id ascaad2007_039
id ascaad2007_039
authors Bakr, A.F.; I. Diab and D. Saadallah
year 2007
title Detecting Inefficient Lighting Solutions: Step-by-Step Geographic information system (GIS) Technique
source Em‘body’ing Virtual Architecture: The Third International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2007), 28-30 November 2007, Alexandria, Egypt, pp. 491-504
summary Outdoor lighting is used to illuminate roadways, parking lots, yards, sidewalks, public meeting areas, signs, work sites, and buildings. It provides us with better visibility and a sense of security. When well designed and properly installed, outdoor lighting can be and is very useful in improving visibility and safety and a sense of security, while at the same time minimizing energy use and operating costs. But, because nobody thought at this, most street lights shine light not only on the nearby ground, where is needed, but also miles away and skywards. Thus a large fraction of the light is lost, at consumer expense and without his/her consent. In the other hand, shortage in street light may cause more crimes as well as accidents. Most of the wasted or short light comes from the poorly designed street lights. Billboards, decorative lights, poorly shielded security lights are part of the problem too, but the main culprit for the waste and ugly glow one sees above one's head at nights is from the streetlights. Thus, recent computer technology gives us tools to be employed for testing the quality of light. Geographic Information System (GIS) software could be utilized to achieve that mission through applying mapping technique. This technique could analyze digital photographs and define light polluted areas as well as bad lighted. This paper reveals that step by step technique, which employs hybrid technologies to solve such problem for better planning decisions.
series ASCAAD
last changed 2008/01/21 22:00

_id sigradi2007_af91
id sigradi2007_af91
authors Baltazar, Ana Paula; Denise Morado Nascimento; Silke Kapp; Rodrigo Santos Marcandier Gonçalves; Sulamita Fonseca Lino; Amanda Alves Olalquiaga; Joana Vieira da Silva; Felipe José Gontijo; Mara Coelho; Pedro Arthur Novaes Magalhães
year 2007
title The intellectual property in digital interfaces and environments: The noncopyright option in the case of IDA system [A propriedade intelectual em ambientes e interfaces digitais: A opção pelo noncopyright no caso do sistema IDA]
source SIGraDi 2007 - [Proceedings of the 11th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] México D.F. - México 23-25 October 2007, pp. 463-466
summary This paper presents the discussions on intellectual property regarding digital interfaces, which were crucial for MOM/LOW (Living in Other Ways) to develop the system IDA (Digital interface for supporting housing production). It introduces IDA and its conceptual framework and differentiates intellectual property and authorship. Then, it examines the arguments for copyright, indicating them as myths or disguises of other intentions. This leads to examining some anti-copyright movements concluding that they follow the same logic of register. Thus, noncopyright (no license or register) seems to be the best means to protest against the current logic as also for conveying information.
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id ecaade2008_055
id ecaade2008_055
authors Beirão, José; Duarte, José; Stouffs, Rudi
year 2008
title Structuring a Generative Model for Urban Design: Linking GIS to Shape Grammars
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2008.929
source Architecture in Computro [26th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-7-2] Antwerpen (Belgium) 17-20 September 2008, pp. 929-938
summary Urban Design processes need to adopt flexible and adaptive procedures to respond to the evolving demands of the contemporary city. To support such dynamic processes, a specific design methodology and a supporting tool are needed. This design methodology considers the development of a design system rather than a single design solution. It is based on patterns and shape grammars. The idea is to link the descriptions of each pattern to specific shape rules inducing the generation of formal solutions that satisfy the pattern. The methodology explores, from the urban designer point of view, the capacity of a shape grammar to codify and generate urban form (Duarte et al, 2007). This paper defines the ontology of urban entities to build on a GIS platform the topology describing the various components of the city structure. By choosing different sets of patterns the designer defines his vision for a specific context. The patterns are explicated into shape rules that encode the designer’s interpretation of the pattern, and operate on this ontology of urban entities generating solutions that satisfy the pattern’s concept. Some examples of the topological relations are shown.
keywords Patterns, shape grammars, ontology, generative urban design
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id ascaad2007_022
id ascaad2007_022
authors Belkaid, A. and A. Ben Saci
year 2007
title A multi-agent system for the formulation of architectural terms of references
source Em‘body’ing Virtual Architecture: The Third International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2007), 28-30 November 2007, Alexandria, Egypt, pp. 261-272
summary This work aims to use the multi-agent systems, permitting to coordinate the behavior of intelligent artificial agents, in order to help the architect at the first moments of the conception. We proceed by modelling the architectural terms of reference, using the concept of primary architectural system, to manage the initial information. This modelling process proposes a new formulation of this system based on the agent paradigm.
series ASCAAD
email
last changed 2008/01/21 22:00

_id cf2007_153
id cf2007_153
authors Benrós, Deborah; José P Duarte and Fernando Branco
year 2007
title A System for Providing Customized Housing
source Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / 978-1-4020-6527-9 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / 978-1-4020-6527-9] Sydney (Australia) 11–13 July 2007, pp. 153-166
summary This paper describes a system for generating customized mass housing. The aim is to provide dwellings at an affordable cost with recourse to mass production and yet guarantee that they are tailored to their users. It combines two systems, a rule-based design system and a prefabricated building system. The integration of both systems is achieved through the development of a computer tool to assist designers in the various stages of the housing design process. This tool produces three kinds of outputs: three dimensional models, construction drawings, and a list of construction elements, including their cost and information for manufacturing.
series CAAD Futures
email
last changed 2007/07/06 12:47

_id ascaad2007_016
id ascaad2007_016
authors Biloria, N.
year 2007
title Developing an Interactive Architectural Meta-System for Contemporary Corporate Environments: An investigation into aspects of creating responsive spatial systems for corporate offices incorporating rule based computation techniques
source Em‘body’ing Virtual Architecture: The Third International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2007), 28-30 November 2007, Alexandria, Egypt, pp. 199-212
summary The research paper exemplifies upon an attempt to create a co-evolving (socio-cultural and technological) programmable spatiality with a strong underpinning in the domain of computation, interaction design and open system typologies for the generation of a constantly informed self-adaptive corporate office space (which addresses the behavioral patterns/preferences of its occupants). Architectural substantiations for such corporate bodies embodying dynamic business eco-systems usually tend to be rather inert in essence and deem to remain closed systemic entities, adhering to a rather static spatial program in accordance with which they were initially conceptualized. The research initiative, rather than creating conventional inert structural shells (hard components), thus focuses upon the development of a meta-system, or in other words the creation of a ‘soft’ computationally enriched open systemic framework (informational) which interfaces with the ‘hard’, material component and the users of the architectural construct (corporate offices). This soft space/meta system serves as a platform for providing the users with a democratic framework, within which they can manifest their own programmatic (activity oriented) combinations in order to create self designed spatial alternatives. The otherwise static/inert hard architectural counterpart, enhanced with contemporary technology thus becomes a physical interface prone to real-time spatial/structural and ambient augmentation to optimally serve its users.
series ASCAAD
email
last changed 2008/01/21 22:00

_id caadria2007_391
id caadria2007_391
authors Biloria, Nimish
year 2007
title Adaptive Corporate Environments
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2007.x.d7a
source CAADRIA 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Nanjing (China) 19-21 April 2007
summary The research paper illustrates an attempt to envision computation aided architectural responsiveness (spatial and informational) towards contemporary forms of corporate organizations. Architectural substantiations for such corporate bodies embodying dynamic business eco-systems tend to be rather inert in essence and deem to remain closed systemic entities, adhering to a rather static spatial program in accordance with which they were initially conceptualized. Architectural renditions supporting such emergent forms of organizations hence need to be re-thought: a need to break apart from the inherent closed system typology of architectural materiality needs to be visualized. The research paper, addresses such issues by specifically focusing upon developing intelligent reconfigurable spaces (in accordance with customized activity oriented spatial preferences of its occupants) and an interactive user interface as a front end of the system (for inputting preferences and 3d space visualization purposes). A space cluster, completely user centric, equally dynamic, and flexible, as compared to the dynamic activities which the space sustains is thus developed. The papers content is explicitly based on the output of the authors PhD research work conducted at the TU Delft, Netherlands.
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id ecaade2007_066
id ecaade2007_066
authors Boeykens, Stefan; Neuckermans, Herman
year 2007
title A Generic Data Structure for an Architectural Design Application
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.303
source Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 303-310
summary The research described in this paper focuses on the exploration of concepts for design development, to increase support for the early phases of design. This paper investigates and describes how a custom data structure for an architectural design application was set up generically, allowing additional extensions in a straightforward manner. The key concepts and main functionality are presented here, to give insight into the reasoning behind a flexible property system and how additional functionality benefits from this system.
keywords Design, software development, property system
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:52

_id ecaade2007_215
id ecaade2007_215
authors Boytscheff, Constantin; Sfeir, Marilu Kanacri
year 2007
title Experimental Results in Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR): Searching Critical Design Factors within IVR to Increase Architectural Space Qualities
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.091
source Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 91-98
summary The actual study in IVR (Immersive Virtual Reality) proposes a path which may provide meaningful information about the user’s behaviours and difficulties to articulate in immersive worlds. Beyond it, we are searching for parameters to improve design qualities in such an architectural space. Our interest is to use IVR as a medium to research the quality of spaces in particular the atmosphere of such spaces, on the basis of people’s interest and eagerness. Therefore it is important to comprehend the special conditions of the perception and the behaviour of the user in virtual spaces. The purpose is to understand the influence of an IVR environment upon the human being and to develop motivation for a personal use of virtual space as a learning environment. The aim of the analysis was to explore behaviour patterns in a simulated IVR environment. Moving from the dynamic of space, there arises a personal “space-time-system”.
keywords Urban planning, virtual reality, immersive, teaching
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id ecaade2007_094
id ecaade2007_094
authors Buattour, Mohamed; Halin, Gilles; Bignon, Jean Claude
year 2007
title Management system for a Virtual Cooperative Project
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.125
source Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 125-131
summary The paper presents on-going research aimed at the support of the management of building projects and the aid cooperative design. Today, The use of systems adapted to the cooperative design assistance for the building domain is complex. This results from the complexity of the cooperative work (difficulties in tracking actor’s work, lack of most of the required information, coordination problems, implicit nature of most of the construction activities etc.) The paper will briefly review two data exchanging modes that we had defined. After, on the basis of this concept of cooperative design we describe a new model of a virtual environment aimed to takes into account the relational organization of the project and the semantic meaning of works. This research represents a new approach because it not based on management of documents but on all data relative to works. Finally, we use this new model for defining a design-aided tool, to deduce advantages and limits of the “Virtual Cooperative Project”. This system lets geographically dispersed project actors model the project context of a building. More specifically, it allows interpreting, using and exchanging project works in a centralized virtual environment during the building life cycle. This system uses IFC objects which associate in the same model the semantic and the 3D representation of building works.
keywords Cooperation model, cooperative work design, project management, digital mock-up
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id sigradi2007_af05
id sigradi2007_af05
authors Butelmann Dujovne, David
year 2007
title Design and digital manufacturing. From the Chilean boats to the double curvature roof [Diseño y manufactura digital. De la embarcación Chilota a la cubierta de doble curvatura]
source SIGraDi 2007 - [Proceedings of the 11th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] México D.F. - México 23-25 October 2007, pp. 290-294
summary The objective of this paper is to recover and highlite the constructive processes and the assembling of Chiloean wooden sea crafts, through the establishment of relationships between the design and digital specification for manufacturing of double curve roof, and traditional construction techniques of boats. The research is based on the exploration of digital constructive techniques, which integrate the design and the manufacturing systems of double curvature surfaces. By means of the reinterpretation of the constructive processes and the structural system of the Chiloean sea crafts.
keywords Chiloean boats; Complex curved roof; digital design and manufacturing
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id cf2007_347
id cf2007_347
authors Caneparo, Luca; Mattia Collo, Alfonso Montuori and Stefano Pensa
year 2007
title Urban Generator
source Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / 978-1-4020-6527-9 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / 978-1-4020-6527-9] Sydney (Australia) 11–13 July 2007, pp. 347-360
summary The paper presents an ongoing project to interactively simulate urban and regional dynamics at the building scale. Urban Generator is a system for generating a large number of design solutions and for browsing, searching and structuring the high-dimensional space of the design solutions further to variable and customisable factors defined by the designer. The number of these factors is recognised as large; furthermore they are often ill-defined. Urban Generator does not model every factor; instead it supports the designer in defining the significant factors and their interconnections, then freely exploring the dimensions of the space of the design solutions generated by the system.
series CAAD Futures
email
last changed 2007/07/06 12:47

_id acadia07_104
id acadia07_104
authors Chen, Chien-Lin; Johnson, Brian R.
year 2007
title DVIN: A Dual View Information Navigation System
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2007.104
source Expanding Bodies: Art • Cities• Environment [Proceedings of the 27th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture / ISBN 978-0-9780978-6-8] Halifax (Nova Scotia) 1-7 October 2007, 104-109
summary Differences in the preferred modes of representation of architects and their clients create challenges to their collaboration in the design process. Traditional two-dimensional drawings such as plans, sections and elevations form the backbone of architectural representation, anchoring text labels to record relevant non-graphical information. Nominally geometric “slices” through the proposed building volume, these drawings employ abstractions and conventions unique to professional practice. In contrast, non-architects think about building configuration largely through experiential or photographic perspective. This challenge increases over the life of the project. Simple drawings, such as those used in schematic design, are easily understood by all parties. However, as the building design develops the architects encode more and more design detail through the drawing conventions of construction documents, inadvertently making this detail less and less accessible to non-architects. We present DVIN, a prototype system that uses coordinated plan and perspective views for navigation of building information models, linking the information to an individual’s spatial navigation skills rather than their document navigation skills. This web-based application was developed using Java and VRML. The prototype makes it easier for naive users to locate and query building information, whether they are a client, a facility manager, or possibly an emergency responder.

*** NOTE: two pages missing from the printed proceedings have been appended to the PDF version of this paper and numbered 'erratum page 1' and 'erratum page 2' ***

series ACADIA
type normal paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:55

_id ascaad2007_043
id ascaad2007_043
authors Chen, G.-Y. M.
year 2007
title Tagging Your Body Virtually : Represent a place making process with social network
source Em‘body’ing Virtual Architecture: The Third International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2007), 28-30 November 2007, Alexandria, Egypt, pp. 543-558
summary This research focuses on the virtual environment of place making. In this paper we would like to emphasize that the place making should be stressed collective views in order to obtain the design application of possibilities. However, in past researches there has been no study that tried to collect the collective views by digital ways. Accordingly, this paper proposes a response thought the Spatial Intention. It could be used to represent the human of body experience. The "moving" and "standing" are appropriate to two main considerations. Both of these could be connected to the action of "focus" and "choice." these leads to a sequential relationship of place production. The positive significance of the spatial intention lies in the convertibility of physical experience could be implied with a specific understanding. It also could be used to mold the place of knowledge structure. Thereby in order to verify the reliability of the above, we made a social network of virtual environment and used the rapid prototyping method to develop a prototype system. Implementing on the Chinese garden of the actual case, we found that the tag could concentrate as an entire sense in somewhere of place. These tags also could be shared remotely through the social network. Different tags in the sharing mechanism could collage out a place of collective views. This perspective would be used to assist designers to understand the sense of place. It also would be applied to find out the environmental design of possibilities in the future studies.
series ASCAAD
email
last changed 2008/01/21 22:00

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