CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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Hits 1 to 20 of 557

_id lasg_whitepapers_2019_367
id lasg_whitepapers_2019_367
authors Atelier Iris van Herpen
year 2019
title Exploring New Forms of Craft
source Living Architecture Systems Group White Papers 2019 [ISBN 978-1-988366-18-0] Riverside Architectural Press: Toronto, Canada 2019. pp.367 - 392
summary Dutch fashion designer Iris van Herpen and Canadian architect Philip Beesley have been united by friendship and a mutual interest in esoteric, experimental craft since 2012. Together they collaborated on various dresses, techniques and materials, featured in six of Iris van Herpen's Couture collections. Since her first show in 2007, van Herpen has been preoccupied with inventing new forms and methods of sartorial expression by combining the most traditional and the most radical materials and garment construction methods into her unique aesthetic vision.
keywords living architecture systems group, organicism, intelligent systems, design methods, engineering and art, new media art, interactive art, dissipative systems, technology, cognition, responsiveness, biomaterials, artificial natures, 4DSOUND, materials, virtual projections,
email
last changed 2019/07/29 14:02

_id caadria2007_593
id caadria2007_593
authors Fukuda, Tomohiro; Atsuko Kaga, Masahiro Kawaguchi and Wookhyun Yeo
year 2007
title Development of Soil Calculation Function in 3-D VR System for Environmental Design
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2007.x.i5u
source CAADRIA 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Nanjing (China) 19-21 April 2007
summary When performing an architectural design or an environmental design with complicated geographical features, soil calculation is needed to study the soil balance between the amount of cut and the amount of bank. In recent years, construction activities involving small environmental load have been called for. Therefore, it is necessary to stop the discharge of surplus soil. Moreover, the result of soil calculation can show that the landscape after completion may change greatly. A system which can study soil calculation and landscape simultaneously is called for. Furthermore, to correspond to the citizen participation type design process, a system which can allow understanding of a plan by stakeholders who do not have professional knowledge is called for. This research studies landscape and soil calculation with the aim of developing a possible system. A 3D-VR system which studies environmental design is extended and a soil calculation function in which high precision calculation and visual expression are possible is developed.
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id cf2007_513
id cf2007_513
authors Tsai, Hung-Cheng; Chia-Young Hung and Fei-Kung Hung
year 2007
title Automatic Product Color Design Using Genetic Searching
source Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / 978-1-4020-6527-9 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / 978-1-4020-6527-9] Sydney (Australia) 11–13 July 2007, pp. 513-524
summary Color plays a key role in determining a consumer’s response to a product appearance. A gray-theory-based linguistic evaluation method and a color-harmony-based aesthetic evaluation method are combined in this study to diagnose appropriate product-color schemes. Accordingly, this study develops a RGB-based quantitative aesthetic and linguistic measurement scheme to evaluate the image perception of a particular product-color scheme. In an inverse process, genetic algorithms are applied to search for the near-optimal color combination which satisfies the designer’s specified product-color linguistic evaluation goal and achieves a high degree of color harmony.
series CAAD Futures
email
last changed 2007/07/06 12:47

_id ascaad2007_058
id ascaad2007_058
authors Abdelhameed, W. and Y. Kobayashi
year 2007
title Developing a New Approach of Computer Use ‘KISS Modeling’ for Design-Ideas Alternatives of Form Massing: A framework for three-Dimensional Shape Recognition in Initial Design Phases
source Em‘body’ing Virtual Architecture: The Third International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2007), 28-30 November 2007, Alexandria, Egypt, pp. 745-756
summary This research aims at developing a new approach called ‘KISS Modeling’. KISS is generally a rule of ‘Keep It Simple, Stupid’ that will be applied in modeling process investigated and presented by the research. The new approach is implemented in a computer program ‘KISS Modeling’ that generates three dimensional forms based on simplifying the concept of shape recognition in design. The research, however, does not employ totally concepts of shape recognition or shape understanding in Artificial Intelligence and psychology. The research, in summary, investigates and describes: 1) a new approach of computer use contributing to generating design-ideas alternatives of form massing in initial design phases, within a simple way that any designer can understand at single glance, 2) implementation of shape recognition for generative three dimensional forms, 3) function to generate different outputs from different recognition, and 4) case studies introduced through applications and functions of the three dimensional modeling system presented by the research. The research concluded that the introduced processes help the user improve the management of conceptual designing through facilitating a discourse of his/her modeling of design-ideas massing.
series ASCAAD
email
last changed 2008/01/21 22:00

_id acadia07_268
id acadia07_268
authors Cantrell, Bradley E.
year 2007
title Ambient Space
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2007.268
source Expanding Bodies: Art • Cities• Environment [Proceedings of the 27th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture / ISBN 978-0-9780978-6-8] Halifax (Nova Scotia) 1-7 October 2007, 268-275
summary An exploration of streetscape lighting that responds to site phenomena provides a basis to explore the abilities of sensor driven devices to construct landscape form. The project expresses multiple reactive spaces through a hypothetical design project on Pine Street in New York City. The landscape is the input using the variables of wind, sound, motion, and light in order to focus, open, lower, and contract each lighting device. As the landscape progresses throughout the day, season, and/or year, various relationships are created in form and light to organize spaces on multiple scales. Data becomes the armature for scripted reactions allowing the infrastructure to respond for safety or efficiency. With the proliferation of sensor networks and sensor systems, the possibilities arise for the re-articulation of data expression. The single lighting device works within a network that is connected by the specifi c phenomenology of the site. The project is grounded historically in the landscape folly, an architectural device that is not what it appears to be (Figure 1).
series ACADIA
type normal paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id ecaade2007_191
id ecaade2007_191
authors Cardoso, Daniel; Michaud, Dennis; Sass, Lawrence
year 2007
title Soft Façade: Steps into the Definition of a Responsive ETFE Façade for High-rise Buildings
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.567
source Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 567-573
summary Façade systems are to a great extent responsible for both the energy-performance and overall aesthetic qualities of a building. The study presented in this paper explores the tectonic integration of a distributed computer network and the façade of a high-rise tower through the use of ETFE cushions, exploiting the soft nature of this material to embed a sensor network to provide touch-responsive changes of opacity in the façade, potentially improving the energy-efficiency of a building, and promoting a novel kind of dialogue between a space and its inhabitants. We propose that the inclusion of computer networks and displays in the built environment necessarily leads to new design philosophies that solve tectonically the dialogue between traditional materials and technological devices, and we put forward the first results of a research into a novel implementation of electrochromic ‘smart’ cushions that allows for changing opacities of the façade elements of a building in response to human touch.
keywords Responsiveness: smart windows, interactive architecture, tangible interfaces
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id sigradi2007_af70
id sigradi2007_af70
authors Corona Martínez, Alfonso; Libertad Vigo; José R. Kós; Denise B. Pinheiro Machado
year 2007
title Archinet-MetaUniversity: Alfa Project phase3: The transversal integration [Archinet-MetaUniversidad: Proyecto ALFA en Fase3: La integración transversal]
source SIGraDi 2007 - [Proceedings of the 11th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] México D.F. - México 23-25 October 2007, pp. 131-134
summary This paper presents the results of a workshop which took place in Rio de Janeiro and gathered Brazilian and international exchange students with tutors from eight universities located in Latin America and Europe. The design process highlighted the advantages and limitations of the communication between the tutors, educated with traditional tools and students who enter at the university already familiar with digital tools. The manipulation of images assumes a primary position, particularly in an environment based on several foreign languages. However, this process also exposed the limitations of images to represent the essence of the place.
keywords Theory & Education; Design & Communication; Multidisciplinary Transversal Disciplines; Sustainability & Urban Preservation; Colaborative & Teaching implementations
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:49

_id acadia10_110
id acadia10_110
authors Di Raimo; Antonino
year 2010
title Architecture as Caregiver: Human Body - Information - Cognition
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2010.110
source ACADIA 10: LIFE in:formation, On Responsive Information and Variations in Architecture [Proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-1-4507-3471-4] New York 21-24 October, 2010), pp. 110-116
summary Recent studies in contemporary architecture have developed a variety of parameters regarding the information paradigm which have consequently brought different results and techniques to the process of architectural design. Thus, the emergence of an ecological thinking environment and its involvement in scientific matters has determined links moving beyond the conventional references that rely on information. It is characterized as an interconnected and dynamic interaction, concerning both a theoretical background and providing, at the same time, appropriate means in the architectural design process (Saggio, 2007, 117). The study is based on the assumption that Information Theory leads into a bidirectional model which is based on interaction. According to it, I want to emphasize the presence of the human body in both the architectural creation process and the use of architectural space. The aim of my study, is consequently an evaluation of how this corporeal view related to the human body, can be organized and interlinked in the process of architectural design. My hypothesis relies on the interactive process between the information paradigm and the ecological one. The integration of this corporeal view influences the whole process of architectural design, improving abilities and knowledge (Figure 1). I like to refer to this as a missing ring, as it occurs within a circular vital system with all its elements closely linked to each other and in particular, emphasizes architecture as a living being.
keywords Architecture, information paradigm, human body, corporeity, cognitive Science, cognition,circularity, living system
series ACADIA
type normal paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:55

_id acadia07_164
id acadia07_164
authors Diniz, Nancy; Turner, Alasdair
year 2007
title Towards a Living Architecture
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2007.164
source Expanding Bodies: Art • Cities• Environment [Proceedings of the 27th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture / ISBN 978-0-9780978-6-8] Halifax (Nova Scotia) 1-7 October 2007, 164-173
summary Interaction is the latest currency in architecture, as responsive components are now reacting to the inhabitant of the space. These components are designed and installed by the architect with a view to the phenomenology of space, where the experience of the environment is previewed and pre-constructed before it is translated into the conception of the space. However, this traditional approach to new technology leaves no scope for the architecture to be alive in and of itself, and thus the installed piece quickly becomes just that—an installation: isolated and uncontained by its environment. In this paper, we argue that a way to approach a responsive architecture is to design for a piece that is truly living, and in order to propose a living architecture first we need to understand what the architecture of a living system is. This paper suggests a conceptual framework based on the theory of Autopoiesis in order to create a “self-producing” system through an experiment entitled, “The Life of a Wall” (Maturana and Varela 1980). The wall has a responsive membrane controlled by a genetic algorithm that reconfigures its behaviour and learns to adapt itself continually to the evolutionary properties of the environment, thus becoming a situated, living piece.
series ACADIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:55

_id ecaade2007_186
id ecaade2007_186
authors Economou, Athanassios; Grasl, Thomas
year 2007
title Sieve_n
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.947
source Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 947-953
summary A computational approach for the generation of all partial lattices of two-dimensional shapes with an n-fold symmetry axis is presented and an application in formal analysis in architectural design is presented in the end.
keywords Shape studies, generative design, group theory, graph theory, shape grammars, central buildings
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:55

_id cf2007_585
id cf2007_585
authors Fischer, Thomas
year 2007
title Enablement or Restriction? On supporting others in making (sense of things)
source Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / 978-1-4020-6527-9 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / 978-1-4020-6527-9] Sydney (Australia) 11–13 July 2007, pp. 585-598
summary In this paper I present and reflect upon a five-year investigation of designing digital tools for designing in the area of architectural space grid structures. I understand design as a novelty and knowledge generating conversational process as described by Pask (see Scott 2001) and Glanville (2000). Furthermore, I regard making design tools as a design task in itself, rendering this paper a reflection on designing for designing. This paper gives a report on observations I made during the toolmaking study, and subsequently contextualizes these observations using second-order cybernetic theory. This reflection focuses on different relationships between observers and systems, on conditions under which observers construct knowledge and on limits of supporting others in this activity.
series CAAD Futures
email
last changed 2007/07/06 12:47

_id ecaade2007_196
id ecaade2007_196
authors Flanagan, Robert
year 2007
title Enhancing the Precision of Design Processes with Localized Time-based Media
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.327
source Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 327-332
summary Time-based media in design, especially adaptations of film and television techniques, continue to hold much promise in emerging architectural design processes; one potential use is to overcome the conforming regularity of Building Information Modeling, or BIM technology, by guiding the ongoing implementation of design in the Building Information process. This research and its associated pedagogy explores the potential benefits of using video diagrams, or memory diagrams, in micro design environments, rather than as overall design compositions, to provide location specific design instructions within a larger conceptual framework to inform the BIM process. It also evaluates the related potential of architecture embedded with smart technology as an extension of memory diagrams in an expanded BIM function.
keywords BIM, memory diagram, smart architecture, micro-design, film
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:51

_id ijac20075206
id ijac20075206
authors Foni, Alessandro E.; Papagiannakis, George; Cadi-Yazli, Nedjma; Magnenat-Thalmann, Nadia
year 2007
title Time-Dependant Illumination and Animation of Virtual Hagia-Sophia
source International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 5 - no. 2, pp. 284-301
summary This paper presents a case study centered on the virtual restitution and virtual life simulation of a highly complex and endangered heritage edifice: the church of Hagia Sophia, in Istanbul, Turkey. The goal of this article is to describe the techniques used in order to achieve a real time rendering and animation of the selected space and its characters, as well as to point out the challenges and solutions that such a work implies at different stages in production. Most of these issues are focused on the reconstruction of the architecture of the site; however, in order to achieve an accurate simulation, the social aspect is not to be omitted. The importance of a heritage site resides as well in the historical characters and the social interactions that were taking place there: this information allows a better understanding of the function and the importance of the selected site in connection with the cultural aspects of the life at a certain time. In order to strengthen the feeling of immersion in a heritage edifice virtually restituted, it is important to recreate virtual life and describe the timely evolutionary aspects of the edifice as well.
series journal
last changed 2007/08/29 16:23

_id bsct_fotiadou
id bsct_fotiadou
authors Fotiadou, Angeliki
year 2007
title Analysis of Design Support for Kinetic Structures
source Vienna University of Technology; Building Science & Technology
summary This thesis attempts the formation and systemization of a basis of knowledge and information, which is indispensable to turn a design support for kinetic structures into representation by means of a 3d animating program. Representation of kinetic structures by means of the existing ordinary software sources is possible; Nevertheless, such representation lacks of different important features and functions and results eventually in the total absence of a real model of the construction, which is valuable to the user of the program especially in the field of the kinetics, where everything depends on the movement: design not only requires, but demands for visualisation. A personal interest in kinetic architecture and therefore in the physical movement of structural elements in a building, as well as an attempt to “fathom” the possibility of changing this concept to visualization and modern reality by the use of a software are the main incentives of this master thesis. First, a general research will be performed in order to check the existence of similar or semisimilar proposals. The area in which the research will be held is the Bibliography in kinetic architecture and parametric design. A comparison of animation and 3D prototype software in well-known programs will focus on whether virtual weather conditions are considered as a parameter to the animation of the structure of the programs and case studies of several existing kinetic structures will be performed, in order to point out flaws and/or helpful commands in the programs in connection with the presentation of kinetic architecture. Criteria for the choice of the software: ability to customise and to produce geometric modelling, animation in relation to time (video animation) and the simulation after taking into consideration weather factors. Finally, using the computer and the scripting language, based probably on the theory of parametric design and primitive instancing, a realistic simulation of different elements will be performed in relation to variable measurements of luminance, ventilation and temperature so as to render feasible the construction of a whole structure. The results of the thesis will be used in the future as the basic knowledge in the creation of software for simulation of kinetic architecture. This program will be used as a tool for the architect to present a building, where kinetic architecture will be applied and to create simulation of the kinetic movement through a library of the existing prefabricated elements which will be created with the help of this thesis.
keywords Kinetic architecture, 3D designing software, scripting, programming
series thesis:MSc
email
more http://cec.tuwien.ac.at
last changed 2007/07/16 17:51

_id ddss2008-02
id ddss2008-02
authors Gonçalves Barros, Ana Paula Borba; Valério Augusto Soares de Medeiros, Paulo Cesar Marques da Silva and Frederico de Holanda
year 2008
title Road hierarchy and speed limits in Brasília/Brazil
source H.J.P. Timmermans, B. de Vries (eds.) 2008, Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, ISBN 978-90-6814-173-3, University of Technology Eindhoven, published on CD
summary This paper aims at exploring the theory of the Social Logic of Space or Space Syntax as a strategy to define parameters of road hierarchy and, if this use is found possible, to establish maximum speeds allowed in the transportation system of Brasília, the capital city of Brazil. Space Syntax – a theory developed by Hillier and Hanson (1984) – incorporates the space topological relationships, considering the city shape and its influence in the distribution of movements within the space. The theory’s axiality method – used in this study – analyses the accessibility to the street network relationships, by means of the system’s integration, one of its explicative variables in terms of copresence, or potential co-existence between the through-passing movements of people and vehicles (Hillier, 1996). One of the most used concepts of Space Syntax in the integration, which represents the potential flow generation in the road axes and is the focus of this paper. It is believed there is a strong correlation between urban space-form configuration and the way flows and movements are distributed in the city, considering nodes articulations and the topological location of segments and streets in the grid (Holanda, 2002; Medeiros, 2006). For urban transportation studies, traffic-related problems are often investigated and simulated by assignment models – well-established in traffic studies. Space Syntax, on the other hand, is a tool with few applications in transport (Barros, 2006; Barros et al, 2007), an area where configurational models are considered to present inconsistencies when used in transportation (cf. Cybis et al, 1996). Although this is true in some cases, it should not be generalized. Therefore, in order to simulate and evaluate Space Syntax for the traffic approach, the city of Brasília was used as a case study. The reason for the choice was the fact the capital of Brazil is a masterpiece of modern urban design and presents a unique urban layout based on an axial grid system considering several express and arterial long roads, each one with 3 to 6 lanes,
keywords Space syntax, road hierarchy
series DDSS
last changed 2008/09/01 17:06

_id sigradi2007_af13
id sigradi2007_af13
authors Granero, Adriana Edith; Alicia Barrón; María Teresa Urruti
year 2007
title Transformations in the educational system, Influence of the Digital Graph [Transformaciones en el sistema educacional, influencia de la Gráfica Digital]
source SIGraDi 2007 - [Proceedings of the 11th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] México D.F. - México 23-25 October 2007, pp. 182-186
summary The educative proposal was based on the summary attained through experiences piled up during the 2 last semester courses, 2/2006-1/2007. This proposal corresponds to a mix of methodology (by personal attendance / by internet). Founding on the Theory of the Game (Eric Berne 1960) and on different theories such as: Multiple intelligences (Haward Gardner 1983), Emotional Intelligence (Peter Salowey and John Mayer 1990, Goleman 1998), Social Intelligence (Goleman 2006), the Triarchy of Intelligence (Stemberg, R.J. 1985, 1997), “the hand of the human power”, it´s established that the power of the voice, that of the imagination, the reward, the commitment and association produce a significant increase of the productivity (Rosabeth Moss Kanter 2000), aside from the constructive processes of the knowledge (new pedagogical concepts constructivista of Ormrod J.E. 2003 and Tim O´Reilly 2004).
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:52

_id cf2007_223
id cf2007_223
authors Hirschberg, Urs; Martin Frühwirth and Stefan Zedlacher
year 2007
title Puppeteering Architecture: Experimenting with 3D gestural design interfaces
source Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / 978-1-4020-6527-9 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / 978-1-4020-6527-9] Sydney (Australia) 11–13 July 2007, pp. 223-234
summary This paper documents and analyzes a set of experimental prototype applications for interaction with 3D modeling software through body movements. The documented applications are the result of two workshops dedicated to exploring the potential of 3D motion tracking technology in architectural design. The larger issue the work addresses is how one can create tools that allow us to bring our intuition and our talent for ‘craft’ into the digital design process and in how far tapping into the expressive powers of our body movements may provide new possibilities in this respect.
series CAAD Futures
email
last changed 2007/07/06 12:47

_id caadria2007_423
id caadria2007_423
authors Holzer, Dominik; Mark C. Burry and Richard Hough
year 2007
title Linking Parametric Design and Structural Analysis to Foster Transdisciplinary Design Collaboration
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2007.x.c6q
source CAADRIA 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Nanjing (China) 19-21 April 2007
summary The investigation presented in this paper focuses on the following questions: How can engineering and architectural expertise guide a process of digital optimisation and add structural ‘awareness’ in real time to aesthetic considerations (or vice versa)? How can building geometry be set up computationally in order to render it ‘sensitive’ to structural input? Which tools are required to foster this interaction? The authors of this paper form a team of researchers and practitioners from architectural and engineering background who combine their efforts to address the issue of interconnecting design intelligence across disciplines and advancing work methodologies in practice assisted by academic research. A live case study project is presented as a test scenario in order to find answers the above questions.
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id ijac20075406
id ijac20075406
authors Iordanova, Ivanka
year 2007
title Teaching Digital Design Exploration: Form Follows
source International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 5 - no. 4, pp. 685-702
summary This paper presents some challenges of teaching computational geometry to architectural students, and proposes a multi-level pedagogical scheme introducing associative geometry and parametric modeling/design into architectural design education. It reports on two pedagogical experiences: one held in the context of a spatial geometry course in the first year of education; and another one, in a digital design studio with third-year architectural students. More specifically, it discusses the impact on design exploration of a library of interactive referents models introduced into the architectural studio. Situated in the 'performance' paradigm of digital design methods, they allow for design object explorations based on modification of architecturally meaningful features (structural, environmental, functional, etc.). The form of a design object can thus 'follow' function, structure, or even sustainability. The digital methods and the design knowledge transferred by the interactive models, together with their visual nature, are found to amplify the processes of 'seeing-as' and the 'reflective conversation with the situation' considered essential for creative design.
series journal
email
last changed 2008/02/25 20:30

_id ijac20075109
id ijac20075109
authors Jachna, Timothy J.; Santo, Y.; Schadewitz, N.
year 2007
title Deep Space
source International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 5 - no. 1, pp. 146-160
summary The work described here explores the problem of how digital technologies can enrich the experience of spatiality and social interaction in space(s). An existing café space at the School of Design of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University is linked to a "twin" in the form of an online-accessible environment. Sensors and displays establish channels of communication between the virtual and the physical space, enabling on-site visitors to the café and online visitors to the website to share a spatial experience. The article explains the design of modes of communication between the spaces, outlining the theory and genesis of the project and discussing issues and principles in the design and realization of such spaces, including the interplay between the three-dimensionality of the physical space and the two-dimensional picture-plane-based monitor interface through which the website is experienced, as well as strategies for the transmission of spatial experience within the constraints of commonly-available hardware and software.
series journal
email
last changed 2007/06/14 12:11

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