CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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Hits 1 to 20 of 248

_id ecaade2007_084
id ecaade2007_084
authors Cenani, Sehnaz; Cagdas, Gulen
year 2007
title Representation of User Movements with Multi Agent Systems: Shopping Malls
source Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 559-565
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.559
summary This study aims to analyze relationships of users and spatial configurations using agent-based simulation systems under certain circumstances in a virtual environment with agents that represent users of a shopping mall. Multi-agent simulation methods are used to study emergent behavior patterns. A computer model is generated to simulate user movements in a shopping mall. Today, it is feasible to simulate the movement patterns of human societies at catastrophes like fire and earthquake within the buildings. In this study, exposing the dynamics of user-space relationship will help both students in architectural design education and professionals in practice, to observe and solve design problems before the construction of malls.
keywords Artificial intelligence, agents, agent-based simulation, shopping mall, user movements
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:55

_id cf2007_361
id cf2007_361
authors Lertlakkhanakul, Jumphon; Sun-Hwie Hwang and Jin-Won Choi
year 2007
title Avatar Expression Agent in Virtual Architecture
source Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / 978-1-4020-6527-9 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / 978-1-4020-6527-9] Sydney (Australia) 11–13 July 2007, pp. 361-372
summary The lack of understanding of the character essence of avatars brings about limitations in interaction with their expressions. With the state-of-the art CAD standard and virtual reality, our approach is to explore the different paradigm of virtual architecture focusing on social interaction through avatars’ gesture expression. The method to classify context-aware expression data model and to autonomously activate it in real-time along with users’ communication is investigated. A domain of virtual office has been chosen as our study model based on our previous research. To achieve our goals, an avatar expression agent is developed based on our previous context-aware architectural simulation platform so called ‘V-PlaceSims’. The output is delivered as a Web page with an ActiveX control embedded to simulate and to evaluate through the internet. As users communicate with one another using a text box, the avatar expression agent simultaneously detects the users’ emotion by parsing the input texts to perform related gestures automatically. The result reveals a new convenience way to communicate with the other users with an enhancement in automated expression.
series CAAD Futures
email
last changed 2007/07/06 12:47

_id cf2007_501
id cf2007_501
authors Sun, Chengyu; Bauke DeVries and Jan Dijkstra
year 2007
title Measuring Human Behaviour Using Head-Cave
source Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / 978-1-4020-6527-9 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / 978-1-4020-6527-9] Sydney (Australia) 11–13 July 2007, pp. 501-511
summary In this research funded by NSFC (50408038), an agent-based simulation model is developed for the human evacuation behaviour determined by a list of so-called architectural clues in the environment. A research method is introduced with an application for one of these clue types called Doorway. A six-variable model and a related set of virtual scenes were constructed and implemented in a Head-CAVE system, in which 102 subjects were tested as in an evacuation game. With the binary logit regression analysis a utility function is estimated indicating how these variables affect human choice on any pair of doorways in a scene. Evidence was found that the distance from the decision point to the doorway is not always the most important factor as it is assumed in the other evacuation models.
series CAAD Futures
email
last changed 2007/07/06 12:47

_id caadria2007_561
id caadria2007_561
authors Wang, Xiangyu
year 2007
title Agent-based Augmented Reality System for Urban Design: Framework and Experimentation
source CAADRIA 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Nanjing (China) 19-21 April 2007
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2007.x.m0v
summary Urban design is traditionally regarded as a highly collaborative activity and its costly nature dictates that errors and oversights could easily induce budget overflow and time waste. Augmented Reality (AR) technology, the addition of virtual entities into the real world view, once complemented by the versatile nature of embodied intelligent agents, is envisaged to be promising for supporting design assessment and collaboration within design team. The paper presents a visualization and simulation framework for an intelligent agent-based AR system, called Augmented Reality-based Urban Designer (ARUDesigner), which could allow designers to assess virtual urban designs in a real and familiar workspace. The paper also presents the initial prototype of ARUDesigner and the experimental evaluation results from a pilot study.
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id sigradi2007_af107
id sigradi2007_af107
authors Espina, Jane; Francisco Rincón
year 2007
title Simulation as an urban planification tool: Plaza Baralt [Simulación como herramienta de planificación urbana: Plaza Baralt]
source SIGraDi 2007 - [Proceedings of the 11th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] México D.F. - México 23-25 October 2007, pp. 364-369
summary Pedestrian simulation tools are usually used to evaluate pedestrians’ evacuation/security in buildings (closed environments). The paper’s objective is to develop a methodology for the application of these tools in urban planning (open spaces), where the pedestrian behavior is more complex. The area studied is Plaza Baralt, in Maracaibo Venezuela, an area enclosed by historic buildings. The proposed scenarios and pedestrian flow simulations – based in cellular automata – followed a locally adapted data recollection and site analysis. As a result the methodology allows the designer to analyze various scenarios, fast and efficiently, identifying problems of areas, flow, land use and user profiles.
keywords Pedestrian flow simulation; land use; urban planning; scenery
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:51

_id ascaad2007_022
id ascaad2007_022
authors Belkaid, A. and A. Ben Saci
year 2007
title A multi-agent system for the formulation of architectural terms of references
source Em‘body’ing Virtual Architecture: The Third International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2007), 28-30 November 2007, Alexandria, Egypt, pp. 261-272
summary This work aims to use the multi-agent systems, permitting to coordinate the behavior of intelligent artificial agents, in order to help the architect at the first moments of the conception. We proceed by modelling the architectural terms of reference, using the concept of primary architectural system, to manage the initial information. This modelling process proposes a new formulation of this system based on the agent paradigm.
series ASCAAD
email
last changed 2008/01/21 22:00

_id ecaade2007_076
id ecaade2007_076
authors Coates, Paul S.; Derix, Cristian
year 2007
title Parsimonious Models of Urban Space
source Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 335-342
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.335
summary This paper sets out an approach to urban modelling derived from early work with cellular automata and agglomeration models. In these cases the models are an example of distributed representation, where the rules built in to the model are replicated in all the discrete components of the model be they cells or agents. This is the classic AI. / AL paradigm of emergent systems. The paper describes the main structure of the models, and presents examples of the use of this modelling process in design education, pointing out the way dynamic models allow mapping on to interesting speculations about the dynamic of the city, and its social systems. The paper ends with a report on the use of such models as a design decision support system and how they will be used in planned work in master planning in the London Thames gateway area under the UK govt. sustainable communities initiative.
keywords Urban modeling, space syntax, agent based modeling, cellular automata
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:56

_id caadria2007_191
id caadria2007_191
authors Li, Biao
year 2007
title A Generic House Design System: Expertise of Architectural Plan Generating
source CAADRIA 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Nanjing (China) 19-21 April 2007
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2007.x.u6h
summary This paper presents the process and decision of producing software named “Gen_house” that generates high quality sketches of architectural design tasks. The result of a successful project combining research, development and education in both Europe and Asia is achieved in order to ease the practice demand of considering multiple aspects within a design process. The software employs principles and methods of self- organization, agent based solutions and natural sciences, which brings them to the field of architectural design.
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id caadria2007_165
id caadria2007_165
authors Liu, Huai-Wie; Ji-Hyun Lee
year 2007
title Personal Assistant: Autonomous Agents Base on Multi-Agent System among Different Industrial Design Stakeholders
source CAADRIA 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Nanjing (China) 19-21 April 2007
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2007.x.f2e
summary To deal with complex communication problems, requires both a web-based collaborative system and a multi-agent system (MAS) integrated with knowledge management architecture. Agents have been acknowledged as a promising approach through the metaphor that an agent can act as a personal assistant. In this paper we proposes an approach to develop personal assistant agents, each of which can represent a different stakeholder and load different domain knowledge inside. To demonstrate our proposed concepts, we focus on a prototype system for notebook design for the company ASUS, a leading notebook manufacturer based in Taiwan.
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id ecaade2007_028
id ecaade2007_028
authors Narahara, Taro
year 2007
title The Space Re-Actor
source Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 195-202
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.195
summary This paper proposes a computational method for visualizing animated human reactions to physical conditions that are described in a synthetic architectural model. Its goal is to add a sense of place to the geometry, and augment the representation of its spatial quality for designers and audience. Spatial qualities in architectural design cannot be fully evaluated solely by observing geometrical constructs without reference to inhabitants placed inside. However, imagining what happens to those inhabitants and appreciating their movement is difficult even for trained architects. The proposed method introduces a walking scale figure in a geometric model. Through agent-based computation, it moves inside the model and displays various behaviors in reaction to spatial characteristics such as transparent surface, opaque surface, perforation and furniture. This method lays a foundation for developing a new kind of software that overcomes the shortcomings of current design tools.
keywords Architectural visualization, agent-based computation
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:59

_id ijac20075106
id ijac20075106
authors Puusepp, Renee; Coates, Paul
year 2007
title Spatial Simulations with Cognitive and Design Agents
source International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 5 - no. 1, pp. 100-114
summary Agent based design systems could provide useful decision help for architects working on spatial planning tasks that involve large number of actors or deal with complex urban situations. These systems are especially helpful in bridging the gap between concrete design proposals and high-level design abstractions such as frequency and flow diagrams. Every attempt to use computational design agents in the planning process will automatically raise many fundamental issues about spatial perception and representation of the environment. The paper discusses these issues in the light of some recent agent based simulations. Two case studies are presented in order to demonstrate different uses of computational agents in urban design. The first study shows how a simple agent-based design system placed in an urban context becomes a creative production tool. The second one reveals analytical capabilities of an agent system in urban environments.
series journal
email
last changed 2007/06/14 12:11

_id caadria2007_185
id caadria2007_185
authors Sarkar, Somwrita; John S. Gero and Rob Saunders
year 2007
title Re-Thinking Optimization as a Computational Design Tool: A Situated Agent Based Approach
source CAADRIA 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Nanjing (China) 19-21 April 2007
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2007.x.q2i
summary This paper presents a situated agent-based tool for design optimization. A situated agent captures, learns from and re-uses the interactions which it has with its external environment, forming the basis for experience-based knowledge building in an agent. An agent is developed for design modeling, reformulation and algorithm selection – a class of tasks in design optimization traditionally performed by humans based on their experience, and hard to automate.
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id caadria2007_049
id caadria2007_049
authors Singh, Vishal; John S. Gero
year 2007
title Computational Modeling of Temporary Design Teams
source CAADRIA 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Nanjing (China) 19-21 April 2007
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2007.x.b6s
summary This paper presents a framework for a computational model of temporary design teams (TDTs). The framework is based on the situated Function-Behaviour-Structure (FBS) ontology, which is used to describe the different aspects of a TDT. This paper demonstrates how TDTs can be represented and reasoned about in terms of the FBS variables. A situated social agent’s architecture is introduced. At the agent level the social attributes that are considered include agent’s motivation, threshold point, attitude and beliefs. This agent is built on the idea of constructive memory. Constructive memory gives the situated agent the ability to adapt to the changing environment, which in this case is the team structure, team goals, and the other agents. This allows the framework to be used for studying the social aspects of changing team structures and team composition, which are characteristic of TDTs and the changing work culture that are facilitated by improved communication and IT tools. This research aims to lay the computational foundation for a means of studying temporary design team behaviour.
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id ascaad2007_017
id ascaad2007_017
authors Alamgir, S.; A. Khan and K. Alamgir
year 2007
title Computer Aided Environmental Solutions: Evaluation of Optimum Building Orientation in Lahore, Pakistan
source Em‘body’ing Virtual Architecture: The Third International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2007), 28-30 November 2007, Alexandria, Egypt, pp. 213-214
summary One of the primary features of solar passive design is the orientation of a building on a particular latitude. The client of Information Technology demands testing, validity, practicality and sustainability of a building project before execution. The computer based simulations are the only practical way to predict the complex energy performance and analysis for a large number of passive design solutions. This paper investigates the optimum residential building orientation having various zones, located in Lahore, Pakistan, with the help of Energy Simulation program. It is concluded that with the help of software, it is possible to orient the residential plan with the minimum solar gain of the required living zones.
series ASCAAD
email
last changed 2008/01/21 22:00

_id caadria2007_283
id caadria2007_283
authors Ambrose, Michael A.
year 2007
title BIM and Integrated Practice as Provocateurs of Design Education
source CAADRIA 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Nanjing (China) 19-21 April 2007
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2007.x.l3j
summary Building Information Modeling (BIM) obfuscates the role of composition, scale and abstraction by displacing the primacy of abstract conventions of representation with a methodology based on simulation. BIM subverts, while simultaneously clarifying, the holistic relationships of the parts to the whole in the architectural design of form and space. Architectural design education has great opportunity and risk in how it comes to terms with re-conceptualizing design education pedagogy as the profession struggles to redefine the media and methods of architectural deliverables in the age of BIM. The paper examines the foundation issues proposed by Integrated Practice. The paper questions how BIM and modeled simulation of architectural assemblage might transcend current definitions of convention in design and construction representation. This paper explores how the academy might prepare students of architecture for a digital practice that focuses on the virtual building model and database management. BIM and Integrated Practice viewed as provocateurs of design education provide great potential for critical analysis of how architectural design is taught. The associated pedagogies are transforming the way in which architectural education engages issues of design and representation and creates opportunities to question the roles and rules of traditional conventions. The paper seeks to engage issues of design specificity and ambiguity related to the assets and liabilities of digital modeling as the primary means of design and representation that BIM represents.
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id caadria2007_611
id caadria2007_611
authors Arpornwicharnop, Kittisak; Pinyo Jinuntuya and Pizzanu Kanongchaiyos
year 2007
title Simulation Software Development for Urban Landscape Possibility Analysis
source CAADRIA 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Nanjing (China) 19-21 April 2007
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2007.x.u9u
summary This research paper proposes a simulation software development for possibility analysis of urban landscape development project. Normally, analysis of land potentiality and feasibility study for investment are necessary pre-processed for supporting urban planning, developing and architectural designing. However, most available tools are usually tailor made for each process individually, causing difficulties in information interchange between each processes. In this research, we propose a policy making support system for urban planning project development providing several functions such as testing land use and its physical character which are important to urban expansion and architectural design based on impact analysis of urban comprehensive plan. The proposed integrated system consists of a topological analysis module, constraint checking module and geographical information processing module. First, Geographical information stored in 3D graphic file format is converted to object-oriented data model and stored in a database. With several constraint and regulations, the stored information is then checked in the landscape topological analysis module. In evaluation process, the developed software is tested with geographical information of Bangkok area under constraints and regulations of Building Control Act of Thailand. While controlling building properties, the software can model the buildings and generate urban physical character. The result is then checked by several urban landscape planning experts. Experimental result shows that proposed system provides flexibility in information interchanging with constraints and regulations updating without system reconfiguration. The system also provides internet accessing for public participation in the process of making urban comprehensive plan.
series CAADRIA
type normal paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id ecaade2007_088
id ecaade2007_088
authors Bechthold, Martin
year 2007
title Teaching Technology: CAD/CAM, Parametric Design and Interactivity
source Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 767-775
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.767
summary The paper discusses a project-based approach to technology teaching, and examines the case of the mobile information unit (MIU) for Harvard University and its art museums. A student competition was held to explore design alternatives for this unit. The winning entry proposed an interactive, pixilated fiber-optics display as well as touch screens. Parametric digital modeling was used in the design and design development of the scheme. Research included the study of structural alternatives, fabrication methods and the modes of interaction between users and the MIU.
keywords Computer-aided design and manufacturing, fabrication, simulation, prototype, fiber optics
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id cf2011_p157
id cf2011_p157
authors Boton, Conrad; Kubicki Sylvain, Halin Gilles
year 2011
title Understanding Pre-Construction Simulation Activities to Adapt Visualization in 4D CAD Collaborative Tools
source Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 477-492.
summary Increasing productivity and efficiency is an important issue in the AEC field. This area is mainly characterized by fragmentation, heterogeneous teams with low lifetimes and many uncertainties. 4D CAD is one of the greatest innovations in recent years. It consists in linking a 3D model of the building with the works planning in order to simulate the construction evolution over time. 4D CAD can fill several needs from design to project management through constructivity analysis and tasks planning (Tommelein 2003). The literature shows that several applications have been proposed to improve the 4D CAD use (Chau et al. 2004; Lu et al. 2007; Seok & al. 2009). In addition, studies have shown the real impact of 4D CAD use in construction projects (Staub-French & Khanzode 2007; Dawood & Sika 2007). More recently, Mahalingam et al. (2010) showed that the collaborative use of 4D CAD is particularly useful during the pre-construction phase for comparing the constructability of working methods, for visually identifying conflicts and clashes (overlaps), and as visual tool for practitioners to discuss and to plan project progress. So the advantage of the 4D CAD collaborative use is demonstrated. Moreover, several studies have been conducted both in the scientific community and in the industrial world to improve it (Zhou et al. 2009; Kang et al. 2007). But an important need that remains in collaborative 4D CAD use in construction projects is about the adaptation of visualization to the users business needs. Indeed, construction projects have very specific characteristics (fragmentation, variable team, different roles from one project to another). Moreover, in the AEC field several visualization techniques can represent the same concept and actors choose one or another of these techniques according to their specific needs related to the task they have to perform. For example, the tasks planning may be represented by a Gantt chart or by a PERT network and the building elements can be depicted with a 3D model or a 2D plan. The classical view (3D + Gantt) proposed to all practitioners in the available 4D tools seems therefore not suiting the needs of all. So, our research is based on the hypothesis that adapting the visualization to individual business needs could significantly improve the collaboration. This work relies on previous ones and aim to develop a method 1) to choose the best suited views for performed tasks and 2) to compose adapted multiple views for each actor, that we call “business views”. We propose a 4 steps-method to compose business views. The first step identifies the users’ business needs, defining the individual practices performed by each actor, identifying his business tasks and his information needs. The second step identifies the visualization needs related to the identified business needs. For this purpose, the user’s interactions and visualization tasks are described. This enables choosing the most appropriate visualization techniques for each need (step 3). At this step, it is important to describe the visualization techniques and to be able to compare them. Therefore, we proposed a business view metamodel. The final step (step 4) selects the adapted views, defines the coordination mechanisms and the interaction principles in order to compose coordinated visualizations. A final step consists in a validation work to ensure that the composed views really match to the described business needs. This paper presents the latest version of the method and especially presents our latest works about its first and second steps. These include making more generic the business tasks description in order to be applicable within most of construction projects and enabling to make correspondence with visualization tasks.
keywords Pre-construction, Simulation, 4D CAD, Collaboration, Computer Supported Cooperative Work, Human-Computer Interface, Information visualization, Business view, Model driven engineering
series CAAD Futures
email
last changed 2012/02/11 19:21

_id b92c
id b92c
authors Derix, Christian
year 2012
title Digital Masterplanning: Computing Urban Design
source In Urban Design and Planning: Institution of Civil Engineers, Thomas Telford Publishers, ahead-of-print
summary The digital revolution has finally reached urban design as one of the last design communities not very familiar with computing. This is despite the city and geography being the natural fields for systems analogy and digital models of mathematical and statistical simulation were developed in the 60s and 70s for urban planning, much before industrial or architectural design. The recent arrival of urban design simulations is however not as innovative and radical as their 50 year old counterparts since they use computing solely for policy visualization, quantity evaluation or pattern generation. The Computational Design and Research Group [CDR] at Aedas|R&D started in 2007 to develop an open platform of lightweight applications – Digital Masterplanning – in collaboration with partners from academia and industry to provide methods for urban design, based on computational methods called meta-heuristic algorithms. An attempt to encode empirical knowledge and design assumptions into simulations is described where designers can assemble the resulting applications according to scales and brief into custom workflows.
keywords Spatial Planning, Urban Design, Meta-Heuristic Algorithms, Computational Design
series journal paper
type normal paper
email
more http://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/content/article/10.1680/udap.9.00041
last changed 2012/09/20 17:41

_id bsct_fotiadou
id bsct_fotiadou
authors Fotiadou, Angeliki
year 2007
title Analysis of Design Support for Kinetic Structures
source Vienna University of Technology; Building Science & Technology
summary This thesis attempts the formation and systemization of a basis of knowledge and information, which is indispensable to turn a design support for kinetic structures into representation by means of a 3d animating program. Representation of kinetic structures by means of the existing ordinary software sources is possible; Nevertheless, such representation lacks of different important features and functions and results eventually in the total absence of a real model of the construction, which is valuable to the user of the program especially in the field of the kinetics, where everything depends on the movement: design not only requires, but demands for visualisation. A personal interest in kinetic architecture and therefore in the physical movement of structural elements in a building, as well as an attempt to “fathom” the possibility of changing this concept to visualization and modern reality by the use of a software are the main incentives of this master thesis. First, a general research will be performed in order to check the existence of similar or semisimilar proposals. The area in which the research will be held is the Bibliography in kinetic architecture and parametric design. A comparison of animation and 3D prototype software in well-known programs will focus on whether virtual weather conditions are considered as a parameter to the animation of the structure of the programs and case studies of several existing kinetic structures will be performed, in order to point out flaws and/or helpful commands in the programs in connection with the presentation of kinetic architecture. Criteria for the choice of the software: ability to customise and to produce geometric modelling, animation in relation to time (video animation) and the simulation after taking into consideration weather factors. Finally, using the computer and the scripting language, based probably on the theory of parametric design and primitive instancing, a realistic simulation of different elements will be performed in relation to variable measurements of luminance, ventilation and temperature so as to render feasible the construction of a whole structure. The results of the thesis will be used in the future as the basic knowledge in the creation of software for simulation of kinetic architecture. This program will be used as a tool for the architect to present a building, where kinetic architecture will be applied and to create simulation of the kinetic movement through a library of the existing prefabricated elements which will be created with the help of this thesis.
keywords Kinetic architecture, 3D designing software, scripting, programming
series thesis:MSc
email
more http://cec.tuwien.ac.at
last changed 2007/07/16 17:51

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