Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	cf2007_167
id	cf2007_167
authors	Herr, Christiane M.; Justyna Karakiewicz
year	2007
title	ALGOGRAM: Automated Diagrams for an Architectural Design Studio
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / 978-1-4020-6527-9 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / 978-1-4020-6527-9] Sydney (Australia) 11–13 July 2007, pp. 167-180
summary	Building on a previously presented theoretical model for the integration of cellular automata into the design process, this paper introduces cellular automata as architectural design process support in the form of automated conceptual diagrams. This approach is the outcome of a series of successive software implementations, which are briefly outlined in terms of key features and observations made during their applications. The main part of the paper focuses on Algogram, the latest implementation, and its application in a second year design studio. The integrated concept of abstract representations, automated design exploration and individual interpretation is introduced as automated diagram.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2007/07/06 12:47

_id	caadria2007_687
id	caadria2007_687
authors	Chen, Liang
year	2007
title	Constructing Structural Shape Grammars
source	CAADRIA 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Nanjing (China) 19-21 April 2007
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2007.x.a9l
summary	Shape grammar has been shown to be a frame of work applicable to design issues in various fields. Almost all published grammars work only on the bottom level of shape replacement, however in practice, when using grammars to generate designs, the designer may work on different levels of abstractions, concerning about the hierarchy of the design as well. This suggests that, to make the generating process more coherent, the grammar itself need be able to work on different levels, too. This paper introduces the research work that aims at proposing a set of guidelines for writing shape grammar with which the designer could write structured shape grammars that will be easily automated for generating designs.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ascaad2007_007
id	ascaad2007_007
authors	Kaka, Ammar; Yahaya Ibrahim, Timothy Lukins and Emanuele Trucco
year	2007
title	The Development of an Automated Progress Measurement System for Construction Work Packages
source	Em‘body’ing Virtual Architecture: The Third International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2007), 28-30 November 2007, Alexandria, Egypt, pp. 81-86
summary	The challenges associated with collecting accurate data on the progress of construction have long been recognised. Traditional methods often involve human judgment, high costs, and are too infrequent to provide managers with timely and accurate control data. The aim of this study is to propose a prototype system that employs Computer Vision (CV) techniques to report on progress for components supplied from an integrated Building Information Model (BIM). This model stores and relates this feedback to a representation of the work breakdown structure (WBS) that assigns components to work packages. In this paper we present an overview of the actual system – from the theoretical and technical challenges encountered.
series	ASCAAD
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2021/07/16 10:35

_id	bsct_kourkoutas
id	bsct_kourkoutas
authors	Kourkoutas, Vassilios
year	2007
title	Parametric Form Finding in Contemporary Architecture
source	Vienna University of Technology; Building Science & Technology
summary	The search of new geometry has been during the last years an interesting subject for Contemporary Architecture. As the 21st century brought a new era for architectural design, CAD programs have evolved together with the idea of Form Finding. The possibilities offered make the collaboration of the architect with the computer now possible in terms of searching the appropriate form for given cases. As the analysis of contemporary architectural pieces has indicated, the procedure of architectural design can be semi-automated. Parametric Form Finding is transferring generative approaches into the architectural design workflow by introducing a set of rules to describe the constrains of the form. Given this context, two methods have been realized, which are guided by the user by providing basic two dimensional shapes, restrictions and form characteristics. The approach is fitted in a plug-in for the modeling environment of Rhinoceros that generates three dimensional form based on the user?s input. The methods followed are being evaluated.
keywords	Parametric, Form Finding, Rhinoceros, plug-in
series	thesis:MSc
type	normal paper
email
more	http://cec.tuwien.ac.at
last changed	2007/07/22 15:29

_id	ecaade2007_228
id	ecaade2007_228
authors	Pupo, Regiane; Celani, Gabriela
year	2007
title	Trends in Graduate Research on IT & Architecture: a Qualitative Comparison of Tendencies in Brazil and abroad
source	Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 431-437
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.431
summary	Applications of information technology (IT) in the architectural profession have greatly increased in the past decades, ranging nowadays from concept design to automated construction. There are countless applications in the architecture practice that go well beyond representation, such as BIM software, generative design systems, and rapid prototyping and fabrication. For this reason, IT has been a frequent graduate research topic. In the present research academic graduate theses that dealt with IT in architecture since 1999 were surveyed and categorized, with the purpose of comparing the topics, applications and methods that are studied in Brazil and abroad. We hope that the differences found will help Brazilian architecture schools to update their IT curriculum, overcoming old prejudices against the use of computers in the creative phases of design.
keywords	Information technology, architectural design, design process, design education, computational design, CAD
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 08:00

_id	ijac20075404
id	ijac20075404
authors	Wierzbicki, Madalina N.; de Silva, Clarence W.
year	2007
title	Design Tools for Foldable Structures with Application of Fuzzy Logic
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 5 - no. 4, pp. 645-662
summary	Rigidly foldable shells offer tremendous potential for developing kinetic architectural structures. However, the added element of motion poses new design challenges. Initially, sketchy shell geometry is constructed to reflect the intended form. Further steps involve assuring an error free folding within a range that satisfies desired functional requirements. The kinematics of a parallel topology of the shell's geometry is difficult to express algorithmically what prevents from developing of automated adjustment tools based on computational methods. The geometry can be adjusted manually based on intuitive observations; however the process is tedious, time consuming and unpredictable. This paper develops automated adjustment tools based on the intuitive approach of a human designer. The study applies the fuzzy logic formalism as a computational interface between human approach and structured adjustments to the geometry. The advantages of fuzzy logic stem from its natural ability to represent human knowledge and effectiveness in reconciling ambiguities, uncertainties and redundancies that the intuitive human approach brings along. The development steps of fuzzy logic based algorithm are presented. Performed evaluation tests and the results are discussed.
series	journal
last changed	2008/02/25 20:30

_id	ecaade2007_211
id	ecaade2007_211
authors	Cheng, Nancy Yen-wen
year	2007
title	Mining a Collection of Animated Sketches
source	Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 447-456
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.447
summary	How can we make a set of digital assets useful for teaching and research? As we amass data, it is crucial to select and interpret what is presented. This paper describes how a collection of animated drawings has been made accessible through an iterative development process. It describes a Web matrix interface, interpreted lesson formats and an assessment method. The assessment method of tallying achievement on design criteria before a lesson reveals inherent challenges of the problem, tallying afterwards reveals the effectiveness of the lesson in addressing those challenges. Using space-planning layout problems, we found that students readily picked up simple graphic devices such as measurement grids, adjacency diagrams and thumbnail sketches. Students showed less immediate improvement on skills that require juggling of multiple criteria, such as meeting all programmed area size requirements.
keywords	Sketching, design process, architectural education, animation, instruction
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	ijac20075106
id	ijac20075106
authors	Puusepp, Renee; Coates, Paul
year	2007
title	Spatial Simulations with Cognitive and Design Agents
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 5 - no. 1, pp. 100-114
summary	Agent based design systems could provide useful decision help for architects working on spatial planning tasks that involve large number of actors or deal with complex urban situations. These systems are especially helpful in bridging the gap between concrete design proposals and high-level design abstractions such as frequency and flow diagrams. Every attempt to use computational design agents in the planning process will automatically raise many fundamental issues about spatial perception and representation of the environment. The paper discusses these issues in the light of some recent agent based simulations. Two case studies are presented in order to demonstrate different uses of computational agents in urban design. The first study shows how a simple agent-based design system placed in an urban context becomes a creative production tool. The second one reveals analytical capabilities of an agent system in urban environments.
series	journal
email
last changed	2007/06/14 12:11

_id	ascaad2007_002
id	ascaad2007_002
authors	Abdellatif, R. and C. Calderon
year	2007
title	SecondLife: A Computer-Mediated Tool for Distance-Learning in Architecture Education?
source	Em‘body’ing Virtual Architecture: The Third International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2007), 28-30 November 2007, Alexandria, Egypt, pp. 17-34
summary	Despite the importance of distance learning for its ability to reach a wide audience, easiness to access materials, and its lower cost compared to traditional learning, architecture education has not been well served by distance education. This is because it has a higher level of learning objectives, it is taught by coaching methodologies, and involves nonverbal forms of communication. One of the most common learning methods used in the design studio is the Criticism/Critique, which is a graphic and oral type of communication between the tutor and the students. In this investigation, Second Life, a massive multi-user online virtual environment that offers three-dimensional spatial capabilities via Avatars impersonation, is used as a computer-mediated tool for text and graphic-based communication in a distance learning situation. The study describes a demonstration experiment where students had to communicate with their tutor, display and describe their projects at a distance, in a purposely designed criticism space in SecondLife. The main objective of this paper is to observe and document the effects and the use of SecondLife virtual environment as an online 3D graphical-based tool of computer-mediated communication in distance learning in architecture education. The study also answers some questions: How well did the students use the tools of the medium provide? Was there a sense of personal communication and realism gained through using Avatars in the virtual environment? Did SecondLife provide a successful means of communication for a graphic-based context? And what are the students’ opinions about the learning environment? Using multiple methods of data collection, mainly based on an electronic observation of the experiment, questioning the participants before and after the experiment, and the analysis of the chat transcripts, the study presents descriptive results of the experiment, and discusses its main features. Proposals for modifications are made for future replications.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2008/01/21 22:00

_id	ascaad2007_035
id	ascaad2007_035
authors	Al-Ali, A.I.
year	2007
title	Readiness for the Use of Technology for effective learning via the vds: Case of the United Arab Emirates
source	Em‘body’ing Virtual Architecture: The Third International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2007), 28-30 November 2007, Alexandria, Egypt, pp. 439-456
summary	Review of the literature indicated that today’s knowledge-driven economy demands a workforce equipped with complex skills and attitudes such as problem solving, meta-cognitive skills, critical thinking and lifelong learning. Such skills can be acquired if learning and teaching are guided by the constructivist and cognitive learning theories. In particular, the constructivist approach emphasises effective learning processes based on learning by doing and collaboration. This approach is congruent with use of technologies, such as Virtual Design Studio (VDS), for the purpose of architecture education in design courses, but such use is lacking in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It is thus important to assess the extent to which the constructivist and cognitive theories are implemented in teaching design courses in the Architecture schools of the UAE. It is also important to assess the effectiveness of employing technology in general and VDS in particular in implementing these theories. The author intends to study the relationship between effective learning on one hand and using VDS in implementing the constructivist and cognitive approaches on the other hand. Thus, the author conducted a preliminary study to gain a basic understanding of the difficulties, approaches, attitudes, perceptions, and motivation related to the learning of design in architecture schools in the UAE. Second, the investigation was designed to assess the extent to which the students would be interested in the use of sophisticated technology in the teaching and learning environment in the UAE architecture education schools in order to achieve effective learning. The study has been conducted in the United Arab Emirates University (UAEU). Methodology used for this was the focus group method. In addition to the focus group interviews with the UAEU students, unstructured individual interviews with lecturers from UAEU and the American University of Sharjah (AUS) have been carried out. Data analysis showed that students were not satisfied with the current teaching methods based on traditional lectures. It was concluded that students were ready to practice effective learning of design via the intermarriage of VDS and the constructivist and cognitive approaches. An ambiguity that remained was whether students were ready for assessment methods which are consistent with the constructivist approach.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2008/01/21 22:00

_id	ecaade2007_019
id	ecaade2007_019
authors	Asanowicz, Alexander
year	2007
title	Evolution of CAAD Teaching Methods
source	Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 393-399
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.393
summary	In this paper evolution of CAAD teaching at architectural faculties will be presented. The CAAD will be considered as one of the components of skills and knowledge needed to support Design Studio. The paper is focused on the question “How architectural design may be combined with CAD teaching?” Formulation of this question results from opinion that position of CAAD in teaching of architectural design curriculum is different than other disciplines being taught at architectural schools. Introduction of CAAD to teaching schedules unquestionably and explicitly uncovered the need for changes within the whole schedule of study. Although great number of computer equipment is used, the students are still being taught as in the XIX century. In terms of achieved results it proves ineffective. Analyses have shown that evolution of teaching methods may be divided into four stages: software teaching, “personal involvement”, “replacement” and integration.
keywords	CAAD education, design curriculum
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	caadria2007_657
id	caadria2007_657
authors	Chotsiri, Sirin; Siwarak Suwannasan, Wipaporn Lamool and Monchai Bunyavipakul
year	2007
title	The Development of E-Groupware in the Collaborative Work of Architectural Design
source	CAADRIA 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Nanjing (China) 19-21 April 2007
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2007.x.u1h
summary	The emergence of the computer networking, especially the internet has been a very useful tool for the construction industry. The AEC (AEC: Architectural, Engineering and Construction) has adopted the computer technology to the collaboration design work (CSCW: Computer Support Collaborative Work). It used to be that people work together in the real physical space like an office or design studio but now in the virtual design place. This is to accommodate the work that is being done among the designers or construction teams that are far apart. Through Web Application these people can work together from different location.
series	CAADRIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ecaade2007_217
id	ecaade2007_217
authors	Duarte, José
year	2007
title	Inserting New Technologies in Undergraduate Architectural Curricula
source	Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 423-430
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.423
summary	This paper describes a set of curricular tools devised to insert new technologies in an undergraduate architectural curriculum. These tools encompass three courses and laboratories with advanced geometric modeling, rapid prototyping, virtual reality, and remote collaboration facilities. The immediate goal was to set up the virtual design studio and enable creative design thinking. The ultimate goal was to fulfill the criteria of intellectual satisfaction, acquisition of specialized professional skills, and contribution for the economic development of society that should underlie university education.
keywords	Architecture, education, fabrication, digital media
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	caadria2007_381
id	caadria2007_381
authors	Fischer, Thomas; Christiane M. Herr
year	2007
title	Probing Tool Use in the Practice of Generative Design: A Postgraduate Design Workshop Report
source	CAADRIA 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Nanjing (China) 19-21 April 2007
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2007.x.r5m
summary	This paper investigates whether generative design tools can perform their intended functions after being passed on from the contexts of their production to different application contexts similar to the way that other tools such as hammers or bicycles are. We report on a design studio application of two generative design tools and relate observed design processes and outcomes to our toolmaking intentions. Our findings suggest that, at least in the case of the examined tools and workshop, tool use in generative design tends to defy toolmaking intentions. We discuss the consequences for generative design toolmakers and conclude with some speculations on possible solutions.
series	CAADRIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	caadria2007_203
id	caadria2007_203
authors	Heidrich, Felix; Peter Russell and Thomas Stachelhaus
year	2007
title	Intervision3D: Online 3D Visualisation and Conferencing
source	CAADRIA 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Nanjing (China) 19-21 April 2007
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2007.x.l3p
summary	The use of Internet communication technologies in distributed teams has been carried out for well over 10 years. In this time, various methods to communicate and transfer information have been developed. A large amount of effort has been placed on enabling normal conversation to take place and it could be said, that with technologies like Skype, this is established. This enables planning partners to discuss, but we still need to convey what they are discussing. In short, the contents are still lacking. Technologies exist to allow users to share files or images, however this does not nearly reach the intensity or quality of discussions when partners are sitting together in front of a drawing or model. At best, screen sharing allows participants to see the same image but with low resolution and bad system response. The goal of the Intervision3D project is to allow distributed team members to discuss design issues with a common 3D model where participants can manipulate the model together in real time. In contrast to screen-sharing solutions, the Intervision3D project uses a server, which delivers a copy of the model to each conference participant. The server then coordinates the perspective views of all conference participants. One of the participants (usually the first) is initially designated as the speaker and he or she controls the views of the model through an intuitive walk/fly-through interface. The speed of the system is also buttressed by the simplicity of the application: as a Java applet, it is possible to start the Intervision3D system in any browser or as a separate applet on any system. As such, none of the participants need to install anything. The resolution of the model is optimized for each participant's browser and computer display. Currently, Intervision3D can import .3ds files and then render them using the JOGL Engine (Java Bindings for Open GL). JOGL allows the full Open GL suite to be used in rendering the model including lighting and textures: even normal PCs can do this quite well. The first implementation of the system is within an existing internet-based Design Studio and the paper elucidates how the first uses of the system have (partially) helped to increase the exchange of design ideas over the Internet. Through the Intervison3D system, the participants who have been separated by distance can once again discuss the same 3D model.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ijac20075406
id	ijac20075406
authors	Iordanova, Ivanka
year	2007
title	Teaching Digital Design Exploration: Form Follows
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 5 - no. 4, pp. 685-702
summary	This paper presents some challenges of teaching computational geometry to architectural students, and proposes a multi-level pedagogical scheme introducing associative geometry and parametric modeling/design into architectural design education. It reports on two pedagogical experiences: one held in the context of a spatial geometry course in the first year of education; and another one, in a digital design studio with third-year architectural students. More specifically, it discusses the impact on design exploration of a library of interactive referents models introduced into the architectural studio. Situated in the 'performance' paradigm of digital design methods, they allow for design object explorations based on modification of architecturally meaningful features (structural, environmental, functional, etc.). The form of a design object can thus 'follow' function, structure, or even sustainability. The digital methods and the design knowledge transferred by the interactive models, together with their visual nature, are found to amplify the processes of 'seeing-as' and the 'reflective conversation with the situation' considered essential for creative design.
series	journal
email
last changed	2008/02/25 20:30

_id	cf2007_085
id	cf2007_085
authors	Iordanova, Ivanka; Temy Tidafi and Giovanni De Paoli
year	2007
title	Is a Digital Model Worth a Thousand Pictures?
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / 978-1-4020-6527-9 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / 978-1-4020-6527-9] Sydney (Australia) 11–13 July 2007, pp. 85-98
summary	This communication addresses the use of a new type of referents database in the context of an architectural design studio. It discusses the results of design experiences held with the objective to study the cognitive effects of a teaching approach based on precedents and metaphors available as interactive and reusable digital models to students. The introduction of this referent-based approach is inspired by three major principles: the largely accepted fact that the creative work of architects is highly supported by referring to precedents and metaphors; the use of algorithmic digital methods to encapsulate architectural knowledge; and the constructivist approach to architectural design education. The study finds that the role of the modeled referents is helpful for the design studio learning, and that they are most creatively used when internalized by the student.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2007/07/06 12:47

_id	jemtrud02_paper_eaea07
id	jemtrud02_paper_eaea07
authors	Jemtrud, Michael
year	2008
title	Emerging Technologies in a Participatory Design Studio_between Carleton University and Pennsylvania State University
source	Proceedings of the 8th European Architectural Endoscopy Association Conference
summary	As a preliminary report on a proof-of-concept design studio conducted during the spring semester of 2007 between the Carleton Immersive Media Studio (CIMS) at Carleton University in Ottawa and the Immersive Environment Laboratory (IEL) at Pennsylvania State University, the paper first describes the implementation of this network-centric collaborative design platform. The report articulates the “staging” of the conditions of possibility for a dynamic interplay between technological mediation and the reality of making, then compares the use of high bandwidth technology with customized symmetrical toolsets in the tele-collaborative educational environment, versus commercial toolsets deployed over moderate bandwidth connections. In each setting, the collaborative environment is assessed according to issues encountered by students and design outcomes. The effectiveness of the digitally mediated collaborative studio is also gauged in terms of student reaction to the learning process via feedback surveys and questionnaires.
keywords	design, collaboration, tele-presence, visualization, broadband
series	EAEA
email
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/eaea
last changed	2008/04/29 20:46

_id	caadria2007_661
id	caadria2007_661
authors	Lamool, W.; S. Chotsiri, S. Suvarnnasara and M. Bunyavipakul
year	2007
title	The Development of E-Groupware in the Collaborative Work of Architectural Design
source	CAADRIA 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Nanjing (China) 19-21 April 2007
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2007.x.v3t
summary	The emergence of the computer networking, especially the internet has been a very useful tool for the construction industry, The AEC (AEC: Architectural, Engineering and Construction) has adopted the computer technology to the collaboration design work (CSCW: Computer Support Collaborative Work). It used to be that people work together in the real physical space like an office or design studio but now in the virtual design place. This is to accommodate the work that is being done among the designers or construction teams that are far apart. Though Web Application these people can work together from different.
series	CAADRIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ecaade2007_189
id	ecaade2007_189
authors	Mark, Earl
year	2007
title	Simulating Dynamic Forces in Design with Special Effects Tools
source	Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 219-226
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.219
summary	Special effects technology can facilitate dynamic sketching in the early stage of a design project without needing time-consuming effort. This form of sketching was tested in a design studio taught by the author. The study of dynamic materials and oceanfront site conditions set the stage at the beginning of a design process for a more comprehensive analysis later on. On the one hand, the risk of using special effects tools is that the visual look can seem convincing, but the apparent result is based upon an overly simplified set of assumptions. On the other hand, the use of such technology can be very stimulating to the design imagination without requiring complex analysis that may bog down the free flow of ideas. Once a greater commitment is made to a particular design proposal, more complete physical analysis and modeling can be undertaken to help avoid the risk of false first impressions. In the studio, cloth simulation was used to develop the design of tension membrane structures (tents) that retracted and unfurled in a series of complex movements. Fluid dynamics effects were used in the design and development of related boat dock facilities. A wind-tunnel simulation tool was used to explore the performance of the tension-membrane fabrics under varied wind loads. The visualization techniques were complemented by ¼ to ½ scale assembled components created by rapid prototyping. The use of an actual wind-tunnel further tested the prototypes in some cases. On the whole, quickly implemented special effects were the starting point for reacting to and developing some initial design concepts and served as the basis for more complete physical modeling of prototypes later on. Using animation as a design method is well established in other work (Hirschberg 06). Animation is also a helpful way to work out the step by step assembly of complex architectural form (Mark 95). The special effects tools permit a larger range of initial design alternatives to be initially considered that are subsequently narrowed down by physically based prototypes that are more predictive of real world performance.
keywords	Cloth simulation, fluid dynamics effects, design sketching, special effects, tension membrane fabrics
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

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