Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	sigradi2008_180
id	sigradi2008_180
authors	Vincent, Charles
year	2008
title	Gulliver in the land of Generative Design
source	SIGraDi 2008 - [Proceedings of the 12th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] La Habana - Cuba 1-5 December 2008
summary	The current trend in architectural design towards architectural computing has been treated both from a philosophical standing point and as an operational systems’ problem, in a quest for explications which could at last break ground for a more broad development and adoption of design tools. As Kostas Terzidis (2007) puts it, the intuitiveness that architects have put on so high a pedestal seems to be the central issue to be dealt with by both views. There seems to be no apparent shortcut toward the reconciliation between traditional practice and new media and most certainly it is not only a problem of interface design, but one of design method clarification and reinterpretation of those methods into computing systems. Furthermore, there’s no doubt left as to whether computing systems can generate such new patterns as to impact our own understanding of architecture. But even if computer algorithms can make possible the exploration of abstract alternatives to an abstract initial idea, as in Mathematica and Processing, the issue of relating abstract and geometric representations of human centered architecture lays in the hands of architects, programmers or, better yet, architect-programmers. What seems now to be the relevant change is that architectural design might escape from the traditional sequence embedded in the need – program – design iterations – solution timeline, substituted by a web of interactions among differing experimental paths, in which even the identification of needs is to be informed by computing. It is interesting to note that the computational approach to architectural design has been praised for the formal fluidity of bubbles and Bezier shapes it entails and for the overcoming of functionalist and serialization typical of modern architecture. That approach betrays a high degree of canonic fascination with the tools of the trade and very little connection to the day to day chores of building design. On the other hand, shall our new tools and toys open up new ways of thinking and designing our built landscape? What educational issues surface if we are to foster wider use of the existing technologies and simultaneously address the need to overtake mass construction? Is mass customization the answer for the dead end modern architecture has led us to? Can we let go the humanist approach begun in Renascence and culminated in Modernism or shall we review that approach in view of algorithmic architecture? Let us step back in time to 1726 when Swift’s ‘Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World by Lemuel Gulliver’ was first published. In Swift’s fierce critic of what seemed to him the most outrageous ideas, he conceived a strange machine devised to automatically write books and poetry, in much the same generative fashion that now, three centuries later, we begin to cherish. “Every one knew how laborious the usual method is of attaining to arts and sciences; whereas by his contrivance, the most ignorant person at a reasonable charge, and with a little bodily labour, may write books in philosophy, poetry, politicks, law, mathematics and theology, without the least assistance from genius or study. He then led me to the frame, about the sides whereof all his pupils stood in ranks. It was twenty foot square, placed in the middle of the room. The superficies was composed of several bits of wood, about the bigness of a dye, but some larger than others. They were all linked together by slender wires. These bits of wood were covered on every square with paper pasted on them; and, on these papers were written all the words of their language in their several moods, tenses, and declensions, but without any order. The professor then desired me to observe, for he was going to set his engine at work. The pupils at his command took each of them hold of an iron handle, whereof there were forty fixed round the edges of the frame; and giving them a sudden turn, the whole disposition of words was entirely changed. He then commanded six and thirty of the lads to read the several lines softly as they appeared upon the frame; and where they found three or four words together that might make part of a sentence, they dictated to the four remaining boys who were scribes. This work was repeated three or four times, and at every turn the engine was so contrived, that the words shifted into new places, as the square bits of wood moved upside down.” (Jonathan Swift, Gulliver’s Travels, A Voyage to Balnibarbi) What astonishing forecast did Swift show in that narrative that, in spite of the underlying incredulity and irony, still clarifies our surprise when faced to what might seem to some of us just an abandonment of all that architects and designers have cherished: creativeness and inventiveness. Yet, we could argue that such a radical shift in paradigm occurred once when master builders left the construction ground and took seat at drafting boards. The whole body of design and construction knowledge was split into what now seem to us just specialties undertaken by more and more isolated professionals. That shift entailed new forms of representation and prediction which now each and all architects take for granted. Also, Cartesian space representation turned out to be the main instrument for professional practice, even if one can argue that it is not more than the unfolding of stone carving techniques that master builders and guilds were so fond of. Enter computing and all its unfolding, i.e. DNA coding, fractal geometry, generative computing, nonlinear dynamics, pattern generation and cellular automata, as a whole new chapter in science, and compare that to conical perspective, descriptive and analytical geometry and calculus, and an image begins to form, delineating a separation between architect and digital designer. In previous works, we have tried approaching the issues regarding architects education in a more consensual way. But it seems now that the whole curricular corpus might be changed as well. The very foundations upon which we prepare future professionals shall change, not only in College, but in High School as well. In this paper, we delve further into the disconnect between current curricula and digital design practices and suggest new disciplinary grounds for a new architectural education.
keywords	Educational paradigm; Design teaching; Design methods;
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 10:02

_id	cf2011_p135
id	cf2011_p135
authors	Chen Rui, Irene; Schnabel Marc Aurel
year	2011
title	Multi-touch - the future of design interaction
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 557-572.
summary	The next major revolution for design is to bring the natural user interaction into design activities. Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) brought a new approach that was more effective compared to their conventional predecessors. In recent years, Natural User Interfaces (NUI) have advanced user experiences and multi-touch and gesture technologies provide new opportunities for a variety of potential uses in design. Much attention has been paid to leverage in the design of interactive interfaces. The mouse input and desktop screen metaphors limit the information sharing for multiple users and also delayed the direct interaction for communication between each other. This paper proposes the innovative method by integrating game engine ‘Unity3D’ with multi-touch tangible interfaces. Unity3D provides a game development tool as part of its application package that has been designed to let users to focus on creating new games. However, it does not limit the usage of area to design additional game scenarios since the benefits of Unity3D is allowing users to build 3D environments with its customizable and easy to use editor, graphical pipelines to openGL (http://unity3d.com/, 2010 ). It creates Virtual Reality (VR) environments which can simulates places in the real world, as well as the virtual environments helping architects and designers to vividly represent their design concepts through 3D visualizations, and interactive media installations in a detailed multi-sensory experience. Stereoscopic displays advanced their spatial ability while solving issues to design e.g. urban spaces. The paper presents how a multi-touch tabletop can be used for these design collaboration and communication tasks. By using natural gestures, designers can now communicate and share their ideas by manipulating the same reference simultaneously using their own input simultaneously. Further studies showed that 3Dl forms are perceived and understood more readily through haptic and proprioceptive perception of tangible representations than through visual representation alone (Gillet et al, 2005). Based on the authors’ framework presented at the last CAADFutures, the benefits of integrating 3D visualization and tactile sensory can be illustrated in this platform (Chen and Wang, 2009), For instance, more than one designer can manipulate the 3D geometry objects on tabletop directly and can communicate successfully their ideas freely without having to waiting for the next person response. It made the work more effective which increases the overall efficiency. Designers can also collect the real-time data by any change they make instantly. The possibilities of Uniy3D make designing very flexible and fun, it is deeply engaging and expressive. Furthermore, the unity3D is revolutionizing the game development industry, its breakthrough development platform for creating highly interactive 3D content on the web (http://unity3d.com/ , 2010) or similar to the interface of modern multimedia devices such as the iPhone, therefore it allows the designers to work remotely in a collaborative way to integrate the design process by using the individual mobile devices while interacting design in a common platform. In design activities, people create an external representation of a domain, often of their own ideas and understanding. This platform helps learners to make their ideas concrete and explicit, and once externalized, subsequently they reflect upon their work how well it sits the real situation. The paper demonstrates how this tabletop innovatively replaces the typical desktop metaphor. In summary, the paper addresses two major issues through samples of collaborative design: firstly presenting aspects of learners’ interactions with physical objects, whereby tangible interfaces enables them constructing expressive representations passively (Marshall, 2007), while focussing on other tasks; and secondly showing how this novel design tool allows designers to actively create constructions that might not be possible with conventional media.
keywords	Multi-touch tabletop, Tangible User Interface
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	ascaad2007_013
id	ascaad2007_013
authors	El Razaz, Z.M.
year	2007
title	Virtual Heritage in the Digital Era
source	Em‘body’ing Virtual Architecture: The Third International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2007), 28-30 November 2007, Alexandria, Egypt, pp. 149-164
summary	These instructions are intended to guide contributors to the Second International Conference of the Arab Society of Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2007) when preparing papers. The abstract is in 10 pt Times with 11 pt leading. In the last years we have witnessed an enormous interest in the idea of the virtual, triggered by the increasing availability of advanced information technology. The capacity of this technology to model and simulate the behavior and the perception of environments have raised enormous expectations about the possibilities of producing synthetic, virtual environments that will eventually replace reality in the forms we know it. But if this virtual trend is a very recent phenomenon associated to the development of information technology, the idea of the virtual is not new. Virtual reality takes place, also, in architecture. Virtual architecture is not a design problem to which architecture and architects can offer any answer that they please. It is the condition, under which we have come to live in the 21st century through the physical and sensual encounter with the computer. It is only as a violence of this nature that virtual architecture can become a virtual thing and have the power to change the architectural thought of the era. Virtual reality could be used in different fields but essentially, the goal of this piece of work is the development of a generic set of tools that provide users with the means to recall represent and document the heritage in a new way, in order to preserve and make it accessible to as many people as possible.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2008/01/21 22:00

_id	c2f9
id	c2f9
authors	Friedrich E, Derix C and Hannah S
year	2007
title	Emergent Form from Structural Optimisation of the Voronoi Polyhedra Structure
source	Proceedings of the Generative Arts conference, Milan, 2007
summary	In the course of the exploration of computational means in the architectural design process, in order to investigate more complex, adaptive geometries, the Voronoi diagram has recently gained some attention, being a three-dimensional space-filling structure which is modular but not repetitive. The project looks at the Voronoi diagram as a load-bearing structure, and whether it can be useful for structural optimisation. Hereby the edges of the Voronoi polyhedra are regarded as structural members of a statical system, which then is assessed by structural analysis software. Results seem to indicate that the Voronoi approach produces a very specific structural as well as spatial type of order. Through the dislocation of the Voronoi cells, the statical structure becomes more complex through emergent topology changes, and the initially simple spatial system becomes much more complex thorough emerging adjacencies and interconnections between spaces. The characteristics of the emerging form, however, lie rather in the complexity how shifted spaces and parts are fitted together, than in a radical overall emergent geometry. Spatially as well as a structurally, the form moves from a simple modular repetitive system towards a more complex adaptive one, with interconnected parts which cannot stand alone but rather form an organic whole.
keywords	complex geometry, emergence, adaptive topology, voronoi diagram
series	other
type	normal paper
email
more	http://www.generativeart.com/
last changed	2012/09/20 18:25

_id	ecaade2009_037
id	ecaade2009_037
authors	Hermund, Anders
year	2009
title	Building Information Modeling in the Architectural Design Phases: And why Compulsory BIM can Provoke Distress among Architects
source	Computation: The New Realm of Architectural Design [27th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-8-9] Istanbul (Turkey) 16-19 September 2009, pp. 75-82
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2009.075
wos	WOS:000334282200008
summary	The overall economical benefits of Building Information Modeling are generally comprehensible, but are there other problems with the implementation of BIM as a formulized system in a field that ultimately is dependent on a creative input? Is optimization and economic benefit really contributing with an architectural quality? In Denmark the implementation of the digital working methods related to BIM has been introduced by government law in 2007. Will the important role of the architect as designer change in accordance with these new methods, and does the idea of one big integrated model represent a paradox in relation to designing? The BIM mindset requires changes on many levels.
keywords	BIM, Building Information Modeling, architectural technology, design approaches, mindset
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:49

_id	cf2007_475
id	cf2007_475
authors	Hirschberg, Urs; Michael Stadler
year	2007
title	Design Science Labs: Why architectural research needs laboratories for integrated and networked simulation
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / 978-1-4020-6527-9 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / 978-1-4020-6527-9] Sydney (Australia) 11–13 July 2007, pp. 475-488
summary	The ever increasing complexity of architectural projects demands efficient tools to assist within their associated design processes. We present an infrastructure initiative to tackle these challenges with Design Science Labs that are heavily rooted on simulation techniques in various academic fields. The merits of these techniques are discussed under the prospect of research and teaching experience as well as practical applicability. For an increased benefit, strong interoperability between these simulation techniques is desirable, but still not easily achievable. The infrastructure initiative aims to build smooth bridges between these fields and to gain additional architectural design space from their interaction.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2007/07/06 12:47

_id	ecaade2007_138
id	ecaade2007_138
authors	Koszewski, Krzysztof; Wrona, Stefan
year	2007
title	me, Architect
source	Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 415-422
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.415
summary	The paper is focused on selected issues of preliminary education of computer techniques as part of first semester curriculum at a school of architecture. Teaching methods based on previously known research are tested and explored in a situation of clearly defined constraints: lack of architecture-specific knowledge of the novices and varying levels of their computer skills. The paper is based on three-year experience. Although we are all in the mood of saying: we do not teach software any more, we still have to think how to encourage students to develop their skills in computer techniques to the level that can liberate them from tool-dependence. The aim is to direct them towards task rather than tool oriented actions. Learning while designing causes the design process to be less important than representation. On the other hand, classic software courses are a thing of the far past and are not suited for design-oriented curriculum. There is a need to find alternative ways more suitable for a preliminary architecture IT course.
keywords	Architectural design education, design process, curriculum, pedagogical strategy
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	caadria2007_057
id	caadria2007_057
authors	Kouide, Tahar; G. Paterson
year	2007
title	BIM as a Viable Collaborative Working Tool: A Case Study
source	CAADRIA 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Nanjing (China) 19-21 April 2007
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2007.x.l1j
summary	For the majority of design practices in the construction industry the use of CAD systems have been used to merely automate hand drafting (Cohen 2003). This is the traditional way of working that has changed very little since the introduction of commercial CAD systems. These practices as means of communication are being replaced by a virtual building model environment which encapsulates all of the information for an entire construction project and thereby enables computer-supported co-operative working practices. (Newton 2003) This study aims to determine whether Building Information Modelling (BIM) can, and whether it will, replace traditional communication media as the standard in the industry for computersupported co-operative working practices in the Architecture Engineering and construction (AEC) sector. The bulk of the research comprises an extensive literature review looking at the principal reasons behind the development of BIM, the potential advantages and drawbacks of the technology, and the barriers and obstacles which inhibit its adoption as a means of computer-supported co-operative working. The findings of the study have been validated and analysed against current practice in the field through a live case study analysis of the on-going Heathrow airport Terminal 5 Project in London (UK). The Terminal 5 case study demonstrates that present software tools, although usable, still present significant implicit technical constraints to wider implementation among Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The case study has also shown that in practice, the success of BIM depends just as much on the working practices and ethos of participants in the project chain as it does on the capabilities of the software itself, in particular the willingness of practitioners to change traditional working practices. The case study has shown that the present investment, in terms of time, cost, and effort required to implementing the technology means that BIM is unlikely to be adopted on small simple projects where conventional CAD is still adequate. It also highlighted that BIM tools currently available are not yet adequately developed to satisfy the requirements of the many procurement and especially contractual arrangements which presently exist and many firms will be frightened off by the unresolved legal issues which may arise from implementing BIM in their practices.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ascaad2007_040
id	ascaad2007_040
authors	Loemker, T.M.
year	2007
title	Location Based Services in Revitalization: The Use of Commonly Available Techniques for a Client-Participation Model
source	Em‘body’ing Virtual Architecture: The Third International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2007), 28-30 November 2007, Alexandria, Egypt, pp. 505-516
summary	This research concentrates on the combination of remote sensing devices, georeferenced data, web-based optimization techniques and Location Based Services in revitalization. Its aim is to enhance the delivery of information about the development potentialities of existing buildings. The present and idle stock of buildings is extensive. Nonetheless, significant data and information about existing buildings is hardly available. The real estate owners are usually not known by prospective clients and they can be elicited only with substantial effort. But even if data about a building is available it is difficult to valuate it precisely, because of missing standard classification techniques. The question whether or not a building is suitable for a certain subsequent use is therefore hard to answer. It involves an extensive expenditure of time and manpower. Recent publications however, demonstrate that requests for the re-use of buildings can be solved through the use of combinatorial optimization techniques (Loemker 2006a, 2006b, 2007). Within these approaches researchers mainly concentrate on the architect dealing with inquiries from clients. These inquiries typically address the question if specific buildings are suitable for particular future uses. With the aid of optimization engines the architect can solve these requests through a description of the existing buildings and the corresponding enquiries in terms of specific criteria such as number and size of rooms or adjacency between rooms. According to an unambiguous syntax these approaches can be applied to any building type. The building data is stored in databases which can be inquired through optimization engines which thereupon calculate suitable solutions to the demands made by the client. But even if these approaches demonstrate high potential, their bottleneck lies in the exclusive use through the architect. Neither can they be addressed to buildings that are not listed in the architects own inventory listings nor can they be used by the clients themselves. Furthermore, no reliable statement about a prospective reuse of a building can be made directly on site by prospective clients, i.e. buyers or renters. In our research we examined if ad-hoc analyses of existing buildings can be accomplished through the clients themselves with the aid of Location Based Services that can be accessed by common remote sensing devices. The aim is to give prospective clients the possibility to visit a building and run in-situ usability simulations. To accomplish this, building data will be transferred between the building and the client through the use of ordinary communication devices. These devices automatically connect to server-based applications, which compare the requirements of the client with the existing building and run remote simulations on concrete further utilization. The newly generated information will then be passed back to the client’s device. In the paper we address a scenario of a prospective client who visits a city where he hits on an unused building he might be interest in. The client wishes to gain immediate and accurate information if the building is able to meet his demands regarding the space needed for his company. Different techniques investigated, their assets and drawbacks will be described that could accomplish suchlike tasks.
series	ASCAAD
last changed	2008/01/21 22:00

_id	ecaade2007_111
id	ecaade2007_111
authors	Lömker, Thorsten M.
year	2007
title	Location-Based Optimization to Foster Economic Decision-Making in Revitalization
source	Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 311-317
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.311
summary	The existent and idle stock of buildings is extensive. However, significant information about these buildings is hardly available. The real estate owners are usually not known by prospective customers and they can be elicited only with substantial effort. But even if data about a building is available, it is difficult to valuate it precisely, because there are no standard classification techniques available, which would also consider the subjective subsequent requirements of the interested parties. The question whether a building is suitable for a certain subsequent use is therefore hard to answer. It involves an extensive expenditure of time and manpower. No reliable statement about a prospective reuse of a building can be made on site by prospective clients, i.e. buyers or renters. Therefore, we examined the technology needed by the customer to accomplish in-situ ad-hoc analyses of existing buildings. These technologies are namely remote sensing devices using georeferenced data, Location-Based Services and web-based optimization techniques. The aim is to give prospective clients the possibility to visit a building and run an in-situ usability simulation. To accomplish this, building information will be transferred between the building and the client through the use of common communication devices. These devices automatically connect to server-based applications, which compare the requirements of the prospective customer with the existing building and run remote simulations on concrete further utilization. By the use of georeferenced data alternative locations of unused buildings can be integrated into the simulation as well.
keywords	Revitalization, location-based services, ubiquitous computing, web-based optimization
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	ecaade2007_194
id	ecaade2007_194
authors	Martens, Bob; Koutamanis, Alexander; Brown, André
year	2007
title	Predicting the Future from Past Experience
source	Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 523-531
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.523
summary	Tomorrow’s architectural practitioners seemingly need to gain an overview of, if not master, a wide range of computer aided architectural design applications, from image making to Building Information Modelling (BIM) to digital fabrication. However, we are sceptical whether there is wide recognition that there is value in a broader appreciation of the underlying principles that organize these applications. CAAD software, once an exploration of architectural ideas, has become a commodity. But as digital tools have become more ubiquitous the relationship between practice and research has, broadly speaking, become more ambivalent. What has been lost, and what gained, in this change?
keywords	Fundamentals, computational design, scenario, architectural practice
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	acadia07_158
id	acadia07_158
authors	Oatman, Devin; Senagala, Mahesh
year	2007
title	Am I? Architecture of Ambient Intelligence
source	Expanding Bodies: Art • Cities• Environment [Proceedings of the 27th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture / ISBN 978-0-9780978-6-8] Halifax (Nova Scotia) 1-7 October 2007, 158-163
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2007.158
summary	In its purest state, Ambient Intelligence is smart computing whose presence is not apparent to the human senses except in response and actions. The original intentions and origins of Ambient Intelligence began with the need for more efficient and unobtrusive management of our everyday activities. Synonymous with ubiquitous computing, Ambient Intelligence, or AmI, consists of: UbiComp: the integration of microchips and computers into everyday objects; UbiComm: the ability of these objects to communicate with each other and the user; and Intelligent User Interface which allows inhabitants of the environment to interact with the system with human gestures (Riva 2005). Put together, these components are basically personifi ed computers. The key factor in Ambient Intelligent communities is that the microscopic computers are aware of their surroundings and their purpose just as human beings are. With the ability to self-program and react to new software, they eliminate the need for humans to program them, decreasing maintenance and programming time. These concepts and technologies raise important questions. What happens when the system disappears? Are we ready as a society to see a certain degree of power taken away from us by anticipatory computers? This short paper will provide an overview of AmI and why it is important for architects to embrace, explore, and engage this emerging technology.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 08:00

_id	ecaade2007_042
id	ecaade2007_042
authors	Ozel, Filiz
year	2007
title	Pattern Language and Embedded Knowledge in Building Information Modeling
source	Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 457-464
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.457
summary	When Christopher Alexander (1977), trained both as a mathematician and an architect, published his seminal work “The Pattern Language” in the 1970’s and introduced the concept of “pattern language”, computers were still in their infancy, CAD did not exist as we know it today, and computer information modeling was not even in the radar screen of researchers. Design communication simply meant manual drafting. With the concept of ‘pattern language” (http://www.patternlanguage.com/), Alexander proposed a systematic method for dealing with complexity, which proved itself to be more relevant than ever in the digital age. The concept is often cited by computer scientists as a precursor to object oriented modeling. This study explores the potential of “pattern language” for structuring building information and design knowledge within the framework of the recent developments in building information modeling (BIM). In this article, comparisons to the approach taken by the software engineering industry who embraced the idea of “patterns” as a systematic way to software development are also made. While Alexander’s pattern language proposes a method with which the designer can incorporate his/her experiences and design vision systematically into the process of designing, software industry’s approach to patterns describes a method for providing problem and solution patterns (i.e. prototypes) that can be used repeatedly during software development. There is obviously a significant difference between the original intent of the “pattern language” and the way it was later used in other fields including software engineering and business solutions. At the cross section of architectural design and software engineering, Building Information Modeling (BIM) software can benefit from carefully incorporating a combination of these two approaches into its structure as patterns.
keywords	Building information modeling, Christopher Alexander, pattern language, software development
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 08:00

_id	cf2007_291
id	cf2007_291
authors	Penttilä, Hannu
year	2007
title	Early Architectural Design and BIM
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / 978-1-4020-6527-9 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / 978-1-4020-6527-9] Sydney (Australia) 11–13 July 2007, pp. 291-302
summary	This paper examines the meaning of information and communication technology (ICT) for architectural design in early design project phases, with a particular interest in building information modelling (BIM). Contemporary digital design environment, research context and objectives are first clarified, followed by the presentation and analysis of a few BIM-related projects. A key finding is that the architectural working environment, the design methods and the designer's roles have changed in the contemporary project context. Furthermore, other methods and tools are needed in addition to BIM in the early project phases, because it can not solve all required design aspects.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2007/07/06 12:47

_id	ecaade2007_124
id	ecaade2007_124
authors	Penttilä, Hannu; Rajala, Marko; Freese, Simo
year	2007
title	Building Information Modelling of Modern Historic Buildings
source	Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 607-613
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.607
summary	This paper reports a research study which evaluated the possibilities of building information modelling (BIM) within renovation of buildings of significant architectural, historic or cultural values. Renovation or restoration projects of historic buildings can be more demanding, challenging and complex than traditional renovation of for instance within housing. Objective of this research has been to transfer ICT (information and communication technology) and BIM research findings to historic design practice and true renovation project environments. The concept of building information modelling BIM is a proposed integrative framework for all design and construction project information in digital form. BIM can currently be seen to be in a phase of pragmatic pilot projects in several countries. Nevertheless, BIM has not been tested that much in renovation projects yet, although the importance of renovation and restoration is remarkable within the total volume of western construction sectors. One essential conclusion of this study is, that renovation design work should be started earlier in model-based design projects than in traditional renovation projects. More resources have also to be assigned to earlier design phases, if BIM is intended to be used extensively throughout the project. Another finding is the new concept of an inventory model, which is proposed to be the container for all building inventory, survey and measurement data. Even more so, when significant historic, hence more demanding building renovation is concerned, because there are more needs for various kinds of surveys, accurate data gathering and analyzing queries concerning the project.
keywords	BIM, building information modelling, design process, design methods, reconstruction, renovation
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 08:00

_id	ascaad2007_050
id	ascaad2007_050
authors	Techel, F., K. Nassar
year	2007
title	Teaching Building Information Modeling (BIM) from a Sustainabilty Design Perspective
source	Em‘body’ing Virtual Architecture: The Third International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2007), 28-30 November 2007, Alexandria, Egypt, pp. 635-650
summary	Building Information Modeling has recently gained significant attention both in academia and practice. BIM presents immense opportunities for increased efficiencies, coordination and quality of architectural design. One of the reasons that BIM offers a more comprehensive design approach is the fact that all aspect of the building are considered during the modeling phase. Rather than drawing the building using lines and circles actual object are used to model the building, which results in a more comprehensive underlying database model of the entire edifice being designed. The approach obviously has tremendous benefits in terms of coordination and systems integration, as well as, project control and management during the design and construction phases. Nevertheless BIM offers its own unique challenges vis-à-vis its introduction to students of architecture. The students in Architecture programs are usually introduced to BIM in two ways, either through a specialized course in CAD or via a shadow introduction in design studios and related courses. Careful positioning of the course within the architecture curriculum is crucial in order to gain maximum benefit in the synthesis of other course content. The reason being that students of architecture in earlier years of the design curriculum may not yet have developed the ability to synthesize and coordinate multiple systems required for complete BIM. This is an important consideration the design and pedagogy of introducing BIM to Architecture students. This paper argues for a new approach in teaching BIM for Architecture students. Instead of designing a course specifically for BIM/CAAD we present a paradigm whereas BIM can be presented within a larger more rigorous context. The experience of teaching BIM within a sustainable design framework is presented in this paper. Issues relating to the design of basic residential buildings were integrated into the course presenting BIM. A simplified set of design rules and guidelines under banner of sustainability were taught to the students in pre-defined doses and sequence throughout the course. The careful placement of these concepts permitted for BIM to be introduced in a more interesting and comprehensive manner than in the traditional CAD-course setting. Samples of student work are presented and critiqued in order to come up with recommendations and guidelines for incorporating BIM into a comprehensive and comprehensible course. The pedagogical advantages of and disadvantages of the approach are discussed within the paper, as well as, a detailed description of the course content and structure. Results from and outcome-based assessment of the objectives of the course are also illuminated which provided suggestions for future offerings of the course.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2008/01/21 22:00

_id	ascaad2007_002
id	ascaad2007_002
authors	Abdellatif, R. and C. Calderon
year	2007
title	SecondLife: A Computer-Mediated Tool for Distance-Learning in Architecture Education?
source	Em‘body’ing Virtual Architecture: The Third International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2007), 28-30 November 2007, Alexandria, Egypt, pp. 17-34
summary	Despite the importance of distance learning for its ability to reach a wide audience, easiness to access materials, and its lower cost compared to traditional learning, architecture education has not been well served by distance education. This is because it has a higher level of learning objectives, it is taught by coaching methodologies, and involves nonverbal forms of communication. One of the most common learning methods used in the design studio is the Criticism/Critique, which is a graphic and oral type of communication between the tutor and the students. In this investigation, Second Life, a massive multi-user online virtual environment that offers three-dimensional spatial capabilities via Avatars impersonation, is used as a computer-mediated tool for text and graphic-based communication in a distance learning situation. The study describes a demonstration experiment where students had to communicate with their tutor, display and describe their projects at a distance, in a purposely designed criticism space in SecondLife. The main objective of this paper is to observe and document the effects and the use of SecondLife virtual environment as an online 3D graphical-based tool of computer-mediated communication in distance learning in architecture education. The study also answers some questions: How well did the students use the tools of the medium provide? Was there a sense of personal communication and realism gained through using Avatars in the virtual environment? Did SecondLife provide a successful means of communication for a graphic-based context? And what are the students’ opinions about the learning environment? Using multiple methods of data collection, mainly based on an electronic observation of the experiment, questioning the participants before and after the experiment, and the analysis of the chat transcripts, the study presents descriptive results of the experiment, and discusses its main features. Proposals for modifications are made for future replications.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2008/01/21 22:00

_id	ascaad2007_006
id	ascaad2007_006
authors	Afify, H.M.N. and Z. A. Abd ElGhaffar
year	2007
title	Advanced Digital Manufacturing Techniques (CAM) in Architecture
source	Em‘body’ing Virtual Architecture: The Third International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2007), 28-30 November 2007, Alexandria, Egypt, pp. 67-80
summary	Building projects today are not only born out digitally, but they are also realized digitally through "file-to-factory" processes of computer aided manufacturing (CAM) and computer numerically controlled (CNC) technologies. It was the challenge of constructability that brought into question, what new instruments of practice are needed to take advantage of the opportunities opened up by the digital modes of production, instead of whether a particular form is buildable. In this case of building construction, architects could design with attention to innovative details, afforded by unique shapes and sizes, knowing that whatever they created on their computer screen could be fabricated digitally for an affordable price. The aims of the research are to discuss and analyze the digital manufacturing techniques (CAM) in architecture and its fabrication, production process. To understand how these technologies fit within a broader context of architectural practice. The research begins with defining, what is digital manufacturing in architecture, its potentials, components and influences in the contemporary architecture. Further more it discusses the digital fabrication, Two- dimensional cutting, subtractive fabrication, additive fabrication and formative fabrication. The assembly technique, building skin, new materials and mass- customization in digital manufacturing techniques (CAM). That will be a hand in analyzing several case studies.
keywords	Digital technology in architecture, Digital manufacturing, Formative fabrication, New materials, Fabrication machines and software.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2008/01/21 22:00

_id	ascaad2007_035
id	ascaad2007_035
authors	Al-Ali, A.I.
year	2007
title	Readiness for the Use of Technology for effective learning via the vds: Case of the United Arab Emirates
source	Em‘body’ing Virtual Architecture: The Third International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2007), 28-30 November 2007, Alexandria, Egypt, pp. 439-456
summary	Review of the literature indicated that today’s knowledge-driven economy demands a workforce equipped with complex skills and attitudes such as problem solving, meta-cognitive skills, critical thinking and lifelong learning. Such skills can be acquired if learning and teaching are guided by the constructivist and cognitive learning theories. In particular, the constructivist approach emphasises effective learning processes based on learning by doing and collaboration. This approach is congruent with use of technologies, such as Virtual Design Studio (VDS), for the purpose of architecture education in design courses, but such use is lacking in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It is thus important to assess the extent to which the constructivist and cognitive theories are implemented in teaching design courses in the Architecture schools of the UAE. It is also important to assess the effectiveness of employing technology in general and VDS in particular in implementing these theories. The author intends to study the relationship between effective learning on one hand and using VDS in implementing the constructivist and cognitive approaches on the other hand. Thus, the author conducted a preliminary study to gain a basic understanding of the difficulties, approaches, attitudes, perceptions, and motivation related to the learning of design in architecture schools in the UAE. Second, the investigation was designed to assess the extent to which the students would be interested in the use of sophisticated technology in the teaching and learning environment in the UAE architecture education schools in order to achieve effective learning. The study has been conducted in the United Arab Emirates University (UAEU). Methodology used for this was the focus group method. In addition to the focus group interviews with the UAEU students, unstructured individual interviews with lecturers from UAEU and the American University of Sharjah (AUS) have been carried out. Data analysis showed that students were not satisfied with the current teaching methods based on traditional lectures. It was concluded that students were ready to practice effective learning of design via the intermarriage of VDS and the constructivist and cognitive approaches. An ambiguity that remained was whether students were ready for assessment methods which are consistent with the constructivist approach.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2008/01/21 22:00

_id	caadria2007_283
id	caadria2007_283
authors	Ambrose, Michael A.
year	2007
title	BIM and Integrated Practice as Provocateurs of Design Education
source	CAADRIA 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Nanjing (China) 19-21 April 2007
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2007.x.l3j
summary	Building Information Modeling (BIM) obfuscates the role of composition, scale and abstraction by displacing the primacy of abstract conventions of representation with a methodology based on simulation. BIM subverts, while simultaneously clarifying, the holistic relationships of the parts to the whole in the architectural design of form and space. Architectural design education has great opportunity and risk in how it comes to terms with re-conceptualizing design education pedagogy as the profession struggles to redefine the media and methods of architectural deliverables in the age of BIM. The paper examines the foundation issues proposed by Integrated Practice. The paper questions how BIM and modeled simulation of architectural assemblage might transcend current definitions of convention in design and construction representation. This paper explores how the academy might prepare students of architecture for a digital practice that focuses on the virtual building model and database management. BIM and Integrated Practice viewed as provocateurs of design education provide great potential for critical analysis of how architectural design is taught. The associated pedagogies are transforming the way in which architectural education engages issues of design and representation and creates opportunities to question the roles and rules of traditional conventions. The paper seeks to engage issues of design specificity and ambiguity related to the assets and liabilities of digital modeling as the primary means of design and representation that BIM represents.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

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