CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

PDF papers
References

Hits 1 to 20 of 557

_id sigradi2007_af102
id sigradi2007_af102
authors Venturelli, Suzete; Mario Luiz Belcino Maciel
year 2007
title Art and Virtual Reality Research [El arte y la realidad virtual de investigación]
source SIGraDi 2007 - [Proceedings of the 11th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] México D.F. - México 23-25 October 2007, pp. 393-396
summary This text describes an art category which draws on the Augmented Reality (AR) Technology, which is capable of inspiring the copulation as well as the interaction, in real time, between images of reality, which might be those of the observer him/herself and the mental images, which might be artistic and generated by a computer. Stemming from the fusion of both types of image, where the former digitalises reality, whereas the latter simulates a three-dimensional image, a third image is obtained, which questions, it might be argued, reality itself. This text revolves around the attempt to demonstrate that AR is deemed a sub-group of Virtual Reality and its process as a whole as well as its imagetic system stems from the knowledge one has of the world, the exactness of reproduction one may attain of it and, finally, from the metaphor of one’s presence in it.
keywords Art; Augmented Reality Technology; Art and Technology; Virtual Reality; Computer Art
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 10:02

_id sigradi2012_167
id sigradi2012_167
authors Gutiérrez, Nicolás Sáez
year 2012
title Ejercicio de arte fotográfico. Reconstrucción de una vivencia espacial a través de una percepción inmersiva de la imagen (Fotografía) - escena (Arquitectura) [A photographic art exercise. Reconstruction of a spatial experience through an immersive perception of image (photography) - scene (architecture)]
source SIGraDi 2012 [Proceedings of the 16th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Brasil - Fortaleza 13-16 November 2012, pp. 373-377
summary This work constitutes one of the main lines of visual exploration derived from the photographic work done by the author. As an architect that makes and investigates photography, his exercises of art study the translations from visual perception of architectonic space to its photographic simulation, work that so far has only been done and exhibited in large format. The work here presented is based on projects undertaken from 2007 to 2010 and mainly elaborates on a recent project to be soon exhibited in Concepción between January and March 2013.
keywords Fotografía de autor; percepción visual; inmersión virtual; espacio de exhibición; realidad aumentada
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:53

_id sigradi2007_af111
id sigradi2007_af111
authors Suazo Navia, Antonio
year 2007
title Towards a new projectual process’s nature: Virtual reality and user participation [Hacia una nueva naturaleza del proceso proyectual: Realidad virtual y participación de los usuarios]
source SIGraDi 2007 - [Proceedings of the 11th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] México D.F. - México 23-25 October 2007, pp. 305-314
summary It’s pointed out that using VR over the web could be usefull to reach the goals of a brand new way to face the decission-making within the projectual process. Taking this ideas as the starting point, an academic experience is presented that tries to synthesize this principles, and also to discuss the utilization of a virtual reality format wich can be completelly aligned with the idea of a transversal comunication diagram between actors, and complementary to the acknowledgement of opinions emanated by the users.
keywords Virtual reality; User participation; Proyectual process; Shockwave-3D
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 10:01

_id ecaade2007_114
id ecaade2007_114
authors Olmos, Francisco
year 2007
title Training Programs for Art and Design Learning in the Virtual Studio
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.639
source Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 639-646
summary Computers are very common drawing tools at university design studios but their potential as training tools in arts and design has not been explored in depth. In arts and design the learning process is based on ‘knowing in action’ (Schön 1983). Therefore, training is the keystone of the learning process in arts and design. This action takes the form of a reflective practice based on the manipulation of a media where each media has its own possibilities, its own limits in communicating design ideas or artistic concepts. With the introduction of digital media in the design studio, it is expected that reflective practices in design learning will experience a qualitative change. However, currently there is little understanding of how to use the digital and virtual media in a design studio as a learning tool (Szalapaj 2001), nor of the use of design training programs. In this paper the use of training programs in an experimental design course at a university level, is discussed. This experience was carried out as a PhD research experiment at the Faculty of Architecture and Arts of the Universidad de Los Andes in Merida, Venezuela. The training programs discussed here were designed for an eight week introductory design course in a virtual design studio. The programs were written in VRML and conceived as a virtual design training environment. Each program was designed for a specific design exercise, based on a learning strategy and an interactivity model proposed for object manipulation in design training. A comparative analysis of the data gathered from the course was made of training exercises done with a Cad program and with the training programs and crossing information with other sources. The experiment shows that the training programs, their learning strategy and the interactivity model proposed were successful in guiding the scope of the design exercises during the training process.
keywords E-learning, virtual studio, design training, virtual environment
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 08:00

_id sigradi2007_af18
id sigradi2007_af18
authors Lobato Valdespino, Juan Carlos
year 2007
title Didactic application of the web 2.0, in the workshop of architectural composition - Virtual workshop of architecture a pilot project of the Facultad de Arquitectura de la Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo [Aplicación didáctica de la Web 2.0, en el Taller de Composición Arquitectónica. Taller Virtual de Arquitectura un proyecto piloto de la Facultad de Arquitectura de la Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo]
source SIGraDi 2007 - [Proceedings of the 11th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] México D.F. - México 23-25 October 2007, pp. 210-214
summary Under the situational analysis of the implications in the process of career education of the contemporary architect a conceptual frame appears where across didactic strategies and the utilization of the new technologies of the information and the communication (TIC), a complementary link is established between the students and the teacher, of such luck that the work of the academy sees reinforced and enriched, with the interest of obtaining qualitative and quantitatively better results.
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:55

_id sigradi2007_af19
id sigradi2007_af19
authors López de Anda, María Magdalena
year 2007
title Aesthetics and spatial representation in the Ragnarok On Line [La estética y la representación espacial en el Ragnarok On Line]
source SIGraDi 2007 - [Proceedings of the 11th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] México D.F. - México 23-25 October 2007, pp. 397-403
summary Videogames known as “persistan worlds” have become an important object of study because of the increasing and large number of users, and the time they spent playing and interacting with them. This document presents a fragment (space and aesthetic) of the research on the discourse construction process in the Ragnarok On Line game. This work is the result of a documentary quest, analysis and ethnography work.
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:55

_id sigradi2007_af40
id sigradi2007_af40
authors Santamaría Sánchez, Noriel
year 2007
title Vernacular heritage and digital graph. The reconstruction of Varadero Nautical Club [Patrimonio vernáculo y grafica digital. La reconstrucción del Club Náutico de Varadero]
source SIGraDi 2007 - [Proceedings of the 11th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] México D.F. - México 23-25 October 2007, pp. 345-349
summary The work shows the process of digital reconstruction of a timber vernacular construction, the Varadero Nautical Club, of high patrimonial value, at the present time missing. The general consideration that motivated the investigation; the search and prosecution of primary information and procedure for the creation of virtual model, as well as for the digital file (multimedia), are exposed. The use in the community is also approached: schools, computer science club and municipal museum, of the elaborated multimedia and their incorporation to the process of learning of the local history and the valuation of the built patrimony.
keywords Vernacular heritage; digital reconstruction; multimedia
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:59

_id sigradi2007_af106
id sigradi2007_af106
authors Tirello, Regina A.
year 2007
title Computer graphics and preservation of Brazilian cultural and architectural heritage [La Gráfica Computacional y la Preservación del Patrimonio Cultural y Arquitectónico Brasileño]
source SIGraDi 2007 - [Proceedings of the 11th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] México D.F. - México 23-25 October 2007, pp. 370-374
summary This work presents a documenting method for historical buildings which uses the multimedia technology for scientific cataloguing of morphological and environmental transformations of ancient Brazilian constructions aiming a public communication. The computer model proposed here is based on detailed historical studies and prospective archeological analysis of building and artistic material which, throughout the years, are added to old buildings, changing their original shape and environment. Essentially interdisciplinary, this scientific analysis system count on the participation of researches from different subject areas and architecture and arts undergraduates.
keywords Preservation of Brasilian architectural heritage; virtual restoration; historical 3D models; Casa de D.Yayá
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 10:01

_id cf2007_361
id cf2007_361
authors Lertlakkhanakul, Jumphon; Sun-Hwie Hwang and Jin-Won Choi
year 2007
title Avatar Expression Agent in Virtual Architecture
source Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / 978-1-4020-6527-9 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / 978-1-4020-6527-9] Sydney (Australia) 11–13 July 2007, pp. 361-372
summary The lack of understanding of the character essence of avatars brings about limitations in interaction with their expressions. With the state-of-the art CAD standard and virtual reality, our approach is to explore the different paradigm of virtual architecture focusing on social interaction through avatars’ gesture expression. The method to classify context-aware expression data model and to autonomously activate it in real-time along with users’ communication is investigated. A domain of virtual office has been chosen as our study model based on our previous research. To achieve our goals, an avatar expression agent is developed based on our previous context-aware architectural simulation platform so called ‘V-PlaceSims’. The output is delivered as a Web page with an ActiveX control embedded to simulate and to evaluate through the internet. As users communicate with one another using a text box, the avatar expression agent simultaneously detects the users’ emotion by parsing the input texts to perform related gestures automatically. The result reveals a new convenience way to communicate with the other users with an enhancement in automated expression.
series CAAD Futures
email
last changed 2007/07/06 12:47

_id b840
id b840
authors Schnabel, Marc Aurel; Wang, Xiangyu; Seichter, Hartmut; Kvan, Tom
year 2007
title From virtuality to reality and back
source INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIETIES OF DESIGN RESEARCH 2007 (IASDR07) ©School of Design, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University 2007 Core A, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Editor: Sharon Poggenpohl 12-15 November 2007 ISBN 988-99101-4-4 Digital Proceedings, Day 4, Session D: INTERACTION/INTERFACE
summary There has been a growing research interest in investigating techniques to combine real and virtual spaces. A variety of “reality” concepts such as Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality and their supporting technologies have emerged in the field of design to adopt the task of replacing or merging our physical world with the virtual world. The different realities can be tailored to enhance comprehension for specific design activities along a design life-cycle. This paper presents state-of-the-art applications of these “reality” concepts in design and related areas, and proposes a classification of these realities to address suitability issues for the effective utilization of the concepts and technologies. Their potentials and implications in certain design activities are also discussed.
keywords Mixed Reality, Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, Augmented Virtuality, Mediated Reality, Amplified Reality, Virtualized Reality
series other
type normal paper
email
more http://158.132.218.50:8000/
last changed 2007/11/15 20:58

_id sigradi2007_af87
id sigradi2007_af87
authors Borda Almeida da Silva, Adriane Borda; Janice de Freitas Pires; Elisabeth da Rosa Conill; Neusa Rodrigues Félix
year 2007
title Technological language x scientific language: Structuring educational speeches for the area of digital graphics [Lenguaje tecnológico vs. lenguaje científico: Estructurando discursos educacionales para la gráfica digital]
source SIGraDi 2007 - [Proceedings of the 11th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] México D.F. - México 23-25 October 2007, pp. 141-145
summary This work looks to contribute to the structuring of educational speeches able to promote the use of the virtual space like laboratory for the simulation of the phenomenon of interaction between light and matter in different levels of similarity with the reality. The computer resources available for that present a technological specific language, mixing proceedings heuristics and physical. This demands of the students a detailed control of parameters, which need to be recognized and associated to the scientific knowledge. You being adopted “concept maps”, like strategy of attendance of processes of teaching / apprenticeship, these associations are set out, supplying sufficient elements to prepare, to revise and to enlarge the speeches open to question.
keywords Concept Maps; Structures of Knowledge; Educational Speeches; Digital Graphics
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id ecaade2007_215
id ecaade2007_215
authors Boytscheff, Constantin; Sfeir, Marilu Kanacri
year 2007
title Experimental Results in Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR): Searching Critical Design Factors within IVR to Increase Architectural Space Qualities
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.091
source Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 91-98
summary The actual study in IVR (Immersive Virtual Reality) proposes a path which may provide meaningful information about the user’s behaviours and difficulties to articulate in immersive worlds. Beyond it, we are searching for parameters to improve design qualities in such an architectural space. Our interest is to use IVR as a medium to research the quality of spaces in particular the atmosphere of such spaces, on the basis of people’s interest and eagerness. Therefore it is important to comprehend the special conditions of the perception and the behaviour of the user in virtual spaces. The purpose is to understand the influence of an IVR environment upon the human being and to develop motivation for a personal use of virtual space as a learning environment. The aim of the analysis was to explore behaviour patterns in a simulated IVR environment. Moving from the dynamic of space, there arises a personal “space-time-system”.
keywords Urban planning, virtual reality, immersive, teaching
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id sigradi2007_af05
id sigradi2007_af05
authors Butelmann Dujovne, David
year 2007
title Design and digital manufacturing. From the Chilean boats to the double curvature roof [Diseño y manufactura digital. De la embarcación Chilota a la cubierta de doble curvatura]
source SIGraDi 2007 - [Proceedings of the 11th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] México D.F. - México 23-25 October 2007, pp. 290-294
summary The objective of this paper is to recover and highlite the constructive processes and the assembling of Chiloean wooden sea crafts, through the establishment of relationships between the design and digital specification for manufacturing of double curve roof, and traditional construction techniques of boats. The research is based on the exploration of digital constructive techniques, which integrate the design and the manufacturing systems of double curvature surfaces. By means of the reinterpretation of the constructive processes and the structural system of the Chiloean sea crafts.
keywords Chiloean boats; Complex curved roof; digital design and manufacturing
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id ascaad2007_005
id ascaad2007_005
authors Loh, E.; N. Dawood and J. Dean
year 2007
title Integration of 3D Tool with Environmental Impact Assessment (3D EIA)
source Em‘body’ing Virtual Architecture: The Third International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2007), 28-30 November 2007, Alexandria, Egypt, pp. 51-66
summary Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) tools have been available for some years now and their function is predominantly to predict and identify the environmental impact of building projects. However EIA analysis is often done after the completion of the project or building and when it is too late to influence the design, materials or components to be used. Also, more than 80% of the design decisions that influence the whole life cycle of a building are made at the initial design phase. EIA does not receive the required attention. A new approach is suggested in this research to ensure that designers, clients and stakeholders have all of the relevant information needed at the outline design stage for the assessment of cost and environmental impact. The idea is that building owners and users will have the opportunity to minimise their operating costs from ‘cradle to cradle’. As energy resources reduce over the next few decades, the value of this research will increase and it is possible to foresee government legislation which drives building construction in this direction. By making environmental impact analysis readily linked to 3D products at the very early stage of the design process, the value of 3D technology will be enhanced significantly resulting in more use of the technology in the construction process. In this context, the objective of this paper is to introduce and explore approaches for developing integrated 3D- EIA, LCA (Life Cycle Analysis) and LCCA (Life Cycle Cost Analysis) and VR (Virtual Reality) tools and develop trade-off analysis to assist in the decision making process. To demonstrate initial results, a pilot case study in the UK is being developed.
series ASCAAD
last changed 2008/01/21 22:00

_id ecaade2007_063
id ecaade2007_063
authors Petzold, Frank; Bimber, Oliver; Tonn, Christian
year 2007
title CAVE without CAVE
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.161
source Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 161-168
summary Activities in the building industry in Germany concentrate increasingly on a combination of renovation and new-build. A look at current computer aided applications reveals a serious lack of IT support for the whole architectural design process in and within existing buildings (e.g. building surveying, designing on site and the preparation of information for further use in later planning stages). An ongoing interdisciplinary research project undertaken jointly by the faculty of media and the faculty of architecture is investigating methods and techniques for the computer-aided support of the design process in and within existing buildings. The goal is to develop a hardware and software concept for a “design-toolbox” based on SAR (spatial augmented reality) and to implement aspects of this as prototypes. This paper describes the goals of the “Spatial Augmented Reality for Architecture” project and discusses possible fields of application for SAR for supporting the design process in existing buildings from a user’s perspective. This paper presents the initial results of the project, the development of a cave-like hardware and software concept called “low-cost projection in room corners” and the description of the core concept based on a client-server architecture. The project is funded by the “German Research Foundation (DFG)”.
keywords Augmented reality, virtual reality, design support, renovation
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 08:00

_id sigradi2007_af31
id sigradi2007_af31
authors Pérez Miró, Ricardo; Miriam Bessone
year 2007
title Music and Architecture: Towards a programmable relation through the form [Música y arquitectura: Hacia una relación programable a través de la forma]
source SIGraDi 2007 - [Proceedings of the 11th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] México D.F. - México 23-25 October 2007, pp. 433-438
summary This report presents the Second Controlled Experience of the project "Music and Architecture: form as a bond, hypermedia as a tool", which basically tries to determine possible relations between Electroacoustic Music and Form in order to establish the bond with Architecture.This presentation expose a detailed report of the activities of experimentation and analyses, made up to this moment, and the projections which arise from them, for the continuation of the research. We are trying to obtain the necessary statistical production for the enunciation of elements 'conventionalizables' which will make possible the later mathematical representation for development of testing softwares.
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:58

_id sigradi2007_af37
id sigradi2007_af37
authors Rodríguez Barros, Diana; Dora Castañé; Alfredo Stipech
year 2007
title Space data base and virtual urban models. Hypermedial experimentations and developments on cases of central areas of argentine cities [Base de datos espaciales y modelos urbanos virtuales. Experimentaciones y desarrollos hipermediales sobre casos de núcleos centrales de ciudades argentinas]
source SIGraDi 2007 - [Proceedings of the 11th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] México D.F. - México 23-25 October 2007, pp. 64-68
summary Studies submit on space data base from a representational and communicational perspective, in as much virtual models-3D, crossed-4D, and interconnected-5D. It interested to transfer this knowledge to develop virtual models applied to cases of central areas of the Argentine cities of Buenos Aires, Rosario, Santa Fe and Mar del Plata. As it contributes, one appears an used systematization of the strategies and methodology developments. The studies are fitted in the project “Urbamedia” PICT13-08853, with the participation of investigator´s of CAO-FADU-UBA, CEAC-FAUD-UNMdP and CID-FADU-UNL. Each other reflect the incorporation of different dimensions in the 2D-3D-4D-5D urban virtual models as conclusion. Also the present tendencies are recognized.
keywords Virtual urban models. Hypermedia. Space data base
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:59

_id ascaad2007_024
id ascaad2007_024
authors Schneider, S.; C. Tonn, F. Petzold and D. Donath
year 2007
title Designing with images: Augmented reality supported on-site Trompe l’oeil
source Em‘body’ing Virtual Architecture: The Third International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2007), 28-30 November 2007, Alexandria, Egypt, pp. 275-290
summary Activities in the building industry in Germany concentrate increasingly on a combination of renovation and new-build. A look at current computer aided applications reveals a serious lack of IT support for the whole architectural design process with and within existing buildings (e.g. building surveying, designing on site and the preparation of information for further use in later planning stages). An ongoing interdisciplinary research project undertaken jointly by the faculty of media and the faculty of architecture is investigating methods and techniques for the computer-aided support of the design process with and within existing buildings. The goal is to develop a hardware and software concept for a “design-toolbox” based on SAR (spatial augmented reality) and to implement aspects of it as prototypes. The paper focuses on one aspect of the research project – designing with images in an AR-Environment. The paper presents an overview of the project, a description of the core model based on a client-server architecture, the historical / theoretical architectural background and first results of this research part. The project is funded by the “German Research Foundation (DFG)”.
series ASCAAD
email
last changed 2008/01/21 22:00

_id lasg_whitepapers_2019_133
id lasg_whitepapers_2019_133
authors Ji, Haru Hyunkyung; and Graham Wakefield
year 2019
title Selected Artificial Natures, 2017-2018
source Living Architecture Systems Group White Papers 2019 [ISBN 978-1-988366-18-0] Riverside Architectural Press: Toronto, Canada 2019. pp.133 - 142
summary Artificial Nature is a research-creation collaboration co-founded by Haru Hyunkyung Ji and Graham Wakefield in 2007. It has led to a decade of immersive installations in which the invitation is to become part of an alien ecosystem rich in feedback networks.1 Here we present four recent works in this series between 2017 and 2018.
keywords living architecture systems group, organicism, intelligent systems, design methods, engineering and art, new media art, interactive art, dissipative systems, technology, cognition, responsiveness, biomaterials, artificial natures, 4DSOUND, materials, virtual projections,
email
last changed 2019/07/29 14:02

_id sigradi2008_087
id sigradi2008_087
authors Lautenschlaeger, Graziele; Anja Pratschke
year 2008
title Electronic Art and Second Order Cybernetic: From Art in Process to Process in Art.
source SIGraDi 2008 - [Proceedings of the 12th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] La Habana - Cuba 1-5 December 2008
summary The goal of the paper presented below is to discuss partial results of a research which has been financed by the state sponsored agency FAPESP since 2007. Inserted in the research line Design Process, it aims to analyse connections between design process in electronic art and architecture, concerning the creation of mixed media spatialities, as well as present how each field can get the benefits from this analyses. Based on Grounded Theory methodology, a method of qualitative research which aims to understand “reality” from the meanings attributed by people for their experiences, the research has been started collecting data from bibliographical references, interviews with media artists, theoreticians and curators of electronic art and visits to media labs. Interviews and visits of media centers were taken in Europe while the researcher was as an exchange student in the Interface Culture Department in Kunstuniversität Linz, from March to September of 2008. By crossing data collected from the interviews and visits, with the cybernetic social system theory by Niklas Luhmann, and the discussion of an example of mixed media spatiality creation in the art field, this paper analyses how creative processes in digital era depends on different interdisciplinary relationships and how collaborative approaches are needed nowadays in the arts and architectural areas, seeing that artworks are always being influenced by their respective specific “mediality”. The aim of this paper is to discuss the relevance of the use of the cybernetic theory in digital culture, when concepts like participation, interaction and communication are some of the keywords, towards a “collective and distributed authorship”, and their reflects in the contemporary spatiality. The special interest in the comparison of art experience and second order cybernetics as a reference to architecture field is one of the findings of the paper. And, concerning the practical implication, due to cybernetics’ constant questioning of viability, adaptability and recursion, it should be able to point some ways to architects and artists´ works, especially if we consider that they never work in “ideal” conditions.
keywords Electronic art. Design process. Second order Cybernetic. Niklas Luhmann.
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:54

For more results click below:

this is page 0show page 1show page 2show page 3show page 4show page 5... show page 27HOMELOGIN (you are user _anon_138556 from group guest) CUMINCAD Papers Powered by SciX Open Publishing Services 1.002