Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	16fe
id	16fe
authors	Abdelmohsen, Sherif; Do, Ellen Yi-Luen
year	2007
title	Tracking Design Development through Decomposing Sketching Processes
source	Digital proceedings of the International Association of Societies of Design Research (IASDR 2007), Emerging Trends in Design Research, Hong Kong Polytechnic University School of Design, Hong Kong.
summary	We conducted a protocol study of the architectural sketching process. We decompose the process into process flows to explore the extent to which it expresses concept development in schematic and refined design phases. We track the development of design concepts in these phases by following the process flows of individual sketched strokes. We argue that each stroke drawn by the designer reveals a probability of an embedded concept, and that this concept is either promoted and propagated throughout the design phases, or blocked while designing. We expand the notion of lateral and vertical transformation in design by introducing a set of processes described as cross propagation, lateral promotion and vertical promotion.
series	other
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2010/01/30 07:19

_id	caadria2007_301
id	caadria2007_301
authors	Barrow, Larry; Shaima Al Arayedh
year	2007
title	Emerging Technololgy – Dilemma and Opportunities in Housing
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2007.x.d7c
source	CAADRIA 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Nanjing (China) 19-21 April 2007
summary	Digital Technology has transformed industrial manufacturing and production; and an array of Industrial Design products provide increasing comfort and benefit to millions of global citizens via ergonomic and mass production/customization strategies. Yet, housing needs of a rapidly growing global population are rarely affected by digital technology. Shifts in societal demographics, from rural to urban city centres, and concurrently Global Warming and ecological changes are exacerbating the world housing situation. Millions are homeless, live in inadequate shelter, or as in the US Manufactured Housing (MH) market, live in nondurable poor quality “manufactured” houses that are detrimental to health, at best, or during extreme weather events, suffer catastrophic damages often resulting in death to occupants. Nevertheless, housing concepts and related living units have benefited very little when compared to architecture’s related manufacturing industries counter-parts (i.e. automotive, aerospace, marine industries, etc). While Technology has vividly expanded the shape language of architecture (i.e. Free-Form-Design), some may argue that Free-Form- Design buildings generally have beauty that is only “skin deep” and typically focus on providing signature statements for both the designer and elite clientele. In this paper, we will briefly review the role of the architect in the US Manufactured Housing industry; additionally, we will identify the major problems that plaque the US Manufactured Housing Industry. Further, we will review how architects and Industrial Designers use technology in their respective fields and draw larger designmanufacture principals for issues of global housing. Our findings and analysis suggest that an Industrial Design approach, applied in architecture for mass housing, offers a means of improving the architect’s role and technology in manufactured housing for the masses.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	caadria2008_4_session1a_036
id	caadria2008_4_session1a_036
authors	Coorey, Ben
year	2008
title	Erosive fluidity Exploration in generating digital architectural form
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2008.036
source	CAADRIA 2008 [Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Chiang Mai (Thailand) 9-12 April 2008, pp. 36-41
summary	This paper explores emerging digital technologies and their application in architectural design. It investigates the tools and techniques that are currently available and produces some interesting work that is both inspiring and interesting. A series of three scenarios were explored via a digital design studio at the Faculty of Architecture, Design and Planning, The University of Sydney. The final work appeared in the ‘Disparallel Spaces’ exhibition, University of Sydney in May/June 2007. This paper will explain these scenarios and offer a look at some emerging trends in architectural design.
keywords	Parametric, Animation, Complexity, Responsiveness
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	acadia07_056
id	acadia07_056
authors	Dritsas, Stylianos; Becker, Mirco
year	2007
title	Research & Design in Shifting from Analog to Digital
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2007.056
source	Expanding Bodies: Art • Cities• Environment [Proceedings of the 27th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture / ISBN 978-0-9780978-6-8] Halifax (Nova Scotia) 1-7 October 2007, 56-65
summary	In this paper we track the evolution of computational design from its analog origins to its contemporary digital regime. Our long term goal is to qualify and quantify the implications of digital computation on design thinking and its influence on the architectural practice. Meanwhile, we present the results of our past few years of collaborative research in design and computation that illustrate the nature of the intellectual engagement required for appreciating the potential of digital design thinking and making. In a temporal frame, these results are expressed as a constellation of punctuated innovations emerging sporadically during the painstaking process of tackling architectural problems using digital means. In the long run, they hopefully amount to an approach to fleshing out a paradigm shift from analog to digital and building a knowledge foundation of architectural methods.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	ecaade2007_196
id	ecaade2007_196
authors	Flanagan, Robert
year	2007
title	Enhancing the Precision of Design Processes with Localized Time-based Media
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.327
source	Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 327-332
summary	Time-based media in design, especially adaptations of film and television techniques, continue to hold much promise in emerging architectural design processes; one potential use is to overcome the conforming regularity of Building Information Modeling, or BIM technology, by guiding the ongoing implementation of design in the Building Information process. This research and its associated pedagogy explores the potential benefits of using video diagrams, or memory diagrams, in micro design environments, rather than as overall design compositions, to provide location specific design instructions within a larger conceptual framework to inform the BIM process. It also evaluates the related potential of architecture embedded with smart technology as an extension of memory diagrams in an expanded BIM function.
keywords	BIM, memory diagram, smart architecture, micro-design, film
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	c2f9
id	c2f9
authors	Friedrich E, Derix C and Hannah S
year	2007
title	Emergent Form from Structural Optimisation of the Voronoi Polyhedra Structure
source	Proceedings of the Generative Arts conference, Milan, 2007
summary	In the course of the exploration of computational means in the architectural design process, in order to investigate more complex, adaptive geometries, the Voronoi diagram has recently gained some attention, being a three-dimensional space-filling structure which is modular but not repetitive. The project looks at the Voronoi diagram as a load-bearing structure, and whether it can be useful for structural optimisation. Hereby the edges of the Voronoi polyhedra are regarded as structural members of a statical system, which then is assessed by structural analysis software. Results seem to indicate that the Voronoi approach produces a very specific structural as well as spatial type of order. Through the dislocation of the Voronoi cells, the statical structure becomes more complex through emergent topology changes, and the initially simple spatial system becomes much more complex thorough emerging adjacencies and interconnections between spaces. The characteristics of the emerging form, however, lie rather in the complexity how shifted spaces and parts are fitted together, than in a radical overall emergent geometry. Spatially as well as a structurally, the form moves from a simple modular repetitive system towards a more complex adaptive one, with interconnected parts which cannot stand alone but rather form an organic whole.
keywords	complex geometry, emergence, adaptive topology, voronoi diagram
series	other
type	normal paper
email
more	http://www.generativeart.com/
last changed	2012/09/20 18:25

_id	6c08
id	6c08
authors	Horne M, Thompson E, Podevyn M
year	2007
title	An overview of virtual city modelling: emerging organisational issues
source	CUPUM07 10th International Conference on Computers in Urban Planning and Urban Management, Iguassu Falls, Brazil, 11-13 July 2007
summary	This paper presents a recent overview of the increasing use of Virtual Reality (VR) technologies for the simulation of urban environments. It builds on previous research conducted on the identification of three-dimensional (3D) city models and offers an analysis of the development, utilization and construction of VR city models. Issues pertaining to advantages, barriers and ownership are identified. The paper describes a case study of the development of a VR model for the city of Newcastle upon Tyne in the UK and outlines the role that academic institutions can play in both the creation and utilization of urban models. The study offers a new approach for the creation, management and update of urban models and reflects on issues which are emerging. Areas for future research are discussed.
keywords	city models, Virtual Reality, management, diversity, ownership
series	other
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2008/03/14 00:13

_id	acadia07_040
id	acadia07_040
authors	Hyde, Rory
year	2007
title	Punching Above Your Weight: Digital Design Methods and Organisational Change in Small Practice
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2007.040
source	Expanding Bodies: Art • Cities• Environment [Proceedings of the 27th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture / ISBN 978-0-9780978-6-8] Halifax (Nova Scotia) 1-7 October 2007, 40-47
summary	Expanding bodies of knowledge imply expanding teams to manage this knowledge. Paradoxically, it can be shown that in situations of complexity—which increasingly characterise the production of architecture generally—the small practice or small team could be at an advantage. This is due to the increasingly digital nature of the work undertaken and artefacts produced by practices, enabling production processes to be augmented with digital toolsets and for tight project delivery networks to be forged with other collaborators and consultants (Frazer 2006). Furthermore, as Christensen argues, being small may also be desirable, as innovations are less likely to be developed by large, established companies (Christensen 1997). By working smarter, and managing the complexity of design and construction, not only can the small practice “punch above its weight” and compete with larger practices, this research suggests it is a more appropriate model for practice in the digital age. This paper demonstrates this through the implementation of emerging technologies and strategies including generative and parametric design, digital fabrication, and digital construction. These strategies have been employed on a number of built and un-built case-study projects in a unique collaboration between RMIT University’s SIAL lab and the award-winning design practice BKK Architects.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ascaad2007_053
id	ascaad2007_053
authors	Islami, S.Y.
year	2007
title	Surface-driven architecture: Moving Beyond the Ornament/Structure Opposition
source	Em‘body’ing Virtual Architecture: The Third International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2007), 28-30 November 2007, Alexandria, Egypt, pp. 671-682
summary	Contemporary architecture has been influenced by a shift of interest from the dialectic Derridean theories of language to those of Deleuze and Guattari who put more emphasis on transitions, experimentation and material presence. New digital design tools as well as new construction materials have opened up more possibilities for architects. E-paper, digital screens, printed concrete, composite polymers and dynamic cladding systems, have allowed designers to relish architecture at the surface level. Moreover, the process of architectural design is shifting from the desktop to the virtual world of the computer. NURBS, Blobs, Metaforms, Isomorphic Surfaces and other complex geometries are now possible using surface-driven computer modelling software. Because of this, the resultant architecture display a much more distinct appreciation and mastery of surface-effects. The following article argues that contemporary architecture is becoming increasingly a process of surfacing, both as a process of revealing and as a process of concealing. Surface, in common parlance, is generally understood as the exterior boundary of things, the outer skin of any object. In this sense, surfaces are actual, material, textural entities that we often encounter first. The surface is also taken to be something that conceals: “it was not what it appeared to be on the surface.” However, it is when things surface that they become evident or apparent; they appear out of a previously concealed existence or latency. Thus, surfacing is a process of becoming explicit, of becoming experientially apparent in a movement from virtuality to actuality. This article argues that the use of emerging computer technologies in architecture, have resulted in a renewed prioritization of surface and surface-effects. It shall be concluded that the surface-driven nature of most contemporary modelling software has resulted in a new approach to architectural design, one that has the potential of subverting the traditional hierarchy between ornament and structure. As a result, this design strategy has allowed for a much more spirited and creative approach to architecture.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2008/01/21 22:00

_id	jemtrud02_paper_eaea07
id	jemtrud02_paper_eaea07
authors	Jemtrud, Michael
year	2008
title	Emerging Technologies in a Participatory Design Studio_between Carleton University and Pennsylvania State University
source	Proceedings of the 8th European Architectural Endoscopy Association Conference
summary	As a preliminary report on a proof-of-concept design studio conducted during the spring semester of 2007 between the Carleton Immersive Media Studio (CIMS) at Carleton University in Ottawa and the Immersive Environment Laboratory (IEL) at Pennsylvania State University, the paper first describes the implementation of this network-centric collaborative design platform. The report articulates the “staging” of the conditions of possibility for a dynamic interplay between technological mediation and the reality of making, then compares the use of high bandwidth technology with customized symmetrical toolsets in the tele-collaborative educational environment, versus commercial toolsets deployed over moderate bandwidth connections. In each setting, the collaborative environment is assessed according to issues encountered by students and design outcomes. The effectiveness of the digitally mediated collaborative studio is also gauged in terms of student reaction to the learning process via feedback surveys and questionnaires.
keywords	design, collaboration, tele-presence, visualization, broadband
series	EAEA
email
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/eaea
last changed	2008/04/29 20:46

_id	ecaade2007_018
id	ecaade2007_018
authors	Kocaturk, Tuba
year	2007
title	Collaborative Knowledge Construction in Digital Free-Form Design
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.735
source	Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 735-742
summary	This paper focuses on the emerging domain of digital free-form design, and attempts to explicate its knowledge content and characteristics through a systematic inquiry of the digital free-form design practice. The massive amount of information associated with the design and construction demands of the complexly shaped buildings demand explicit knowledge about the way various information pieces relate to one another. This paper reports on the process of developing a knowledge framework which serves as a reference model to describe and explain the free-form design and production processes in terms of the interaction of contextual conditions and according to the different ways design problems are perceived and formulated by the members of the design teams. The framework provides guidelines for the development of a web-based design decision support system to support collaborative knowledge construction, sharing and reuse in the domain.
keywords	Digital free-form design, knowledge construction, knowledge framework
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	caadria2007_157
id	caadria2007_157
authors	Koszewski, Krzysztof; Jan Slyk; Stefan Wrona
year	2007
title	Information Technology in Rescuing Wooden Religious Buildings – The Possible Further Step
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2007.x.n0n
source	CAADRIA 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Nanjing (China) 19-21 April 2007
summary	Preservation of architectural monuments is the discipline, which encountered recently many theoretical problems due to its emerging international character and globalization issues. In this paper we try to point some relations between these problems of the discipline itself and usage of information technology. The need of using appropriate tools and methods related to cultural variety and diversity is discussed according to certain relevant problems of contemporary preservation of monuments of architecture.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ecaade2007_106
id	ecaade2007_106
authors	Lang, Silke Berit
year	2007
title	Predicting or Inventing the Future?
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.499
source	Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 499-506
summary	In this paper we discuss the parallels between architectural design and strategic marketing in industry to advance the theme of predicting the future in architecture. Just like companies face the challenge to organize their R&D activities, architects develop different strategies for their designs. Looking at the architectural design process as well as at strategic planning done in companies we recognize that they have much in common. To advance the theme of predicting the future in architecture we draw parallels to strategic marketing in industry. Both activities require a clear vision regarding customer requirements, available technologies, and areas of operation and emerging markets. We report on a successfully implemented method Pictures of the Future at Siemens and relate it to architecture and show possibilities to expand the role of architectural design in the future. We opine that it is now time to expand the architectural curriculum towards Knowledge Architecture.
keywords	Information architecture, knowledge architecture, strategic planning and marketing
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	caadria2007_361
id	caadria2007_361
authors	Lo, Chien Jung; Mao-Lin Chiu and Ming-Nan Liu
year	2007
title	Play with Parts and Joints-Digital Design supported by Rapid Prototyping
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2007.x.a0r
source	CAADRIA 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Nanjing (China) 19-21 April 2007
summary	Digital architectures are emerging because of the advancement of information and communication technologies. Rapid prototyping becomes important for digital design in the early conception stage because of the complexity of geometrical relations. The paper is aimed to examine the design teaching issues of dynamic structure by rapid prototyping in experimental studies. Our goal is to integrate the process with rapid prototyping in generating variety types of joints adapting different conditions. This study proposes the digital design process by “playing with parts and joints” approach for the educational purposes. By introducing in design studios, the findings and discussion are reported.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	acadia07_158
id	acadia07_158
authors	Oatman, Devin; Senagala, Mahesh
year	2007
title	Am I? Architecture of Ambient Intelligence
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2007.158
source	Expanding Bodies: Art • Cities• Environment [Proceedings of the 27th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture / ISBN 978-0-9780978-6-8] Halifax (Nova Scotia) 1-7 October 2007, 158-163
summary	In its purest state, Ambient Intelligence is smart computing whose presence is not apparent to the human senses except in response and actions. The original intentions and origins of Ambient Intelligence began with the need for more efficient and unobtrusive management of our everyday activities. Synonymous with ubiquitous computing, Ambient Intelligence, or AmI, consists of: UbiComp: the integration of microchips and computers into everyday objects; UbiComm: the ability of these objects to communicate with each other and the user; and Intelligent User Interface which allows inhabitants of the environment to interact with the system with human gestures (Riva 2005). Put together, these components are basically personifi ed computers. The key factor in Ambient Intelligent communities is that the microscopic computers are aware of their surroundings and their purpose just as human beings are. With the ability to self-program and react to new software, they eliminate the need for humans to program them, decreasing maintenance and programming time. These concepts and technologies raise important questions. What happens when the system disappears? Are we ready as a society to see a certain degree of power taken away from us by anticipatory computers? This short paper will provide an overview of AmI and why it is important for architects to embrace, explore, and engage this emerging technology.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 08:00

_id	sigradi2007_af51
id	sigradi2007_af51
authors	Oxman, Rivka
year	2007
title	Digital Design – Integrating Content, Models and Skill [Diseño digital - Integrando contenidos, modelos y habilidades]
source	SIGraDi 2007 - [Proceedings of the 11th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] México D.F. - México 23-25 October 2007, pp. 93-96
summary	Digital design is currently emerging as a unique field of design endeavour, motivated by its own body of theoretical sources and unique methodologies. The paper introduces current changes in theory and methodology. Following this theoretical introduction, the paper presents an experimental framework for digital design. The novelty of this framework is the way it reflects the need to address both digital design content and digital design skill. A series of experimental designs carried out in an experimental design studio at the faculty of Architecture and T.P at the Technion presents and demonstrates this framework.
keywords	Digital Design; Digital Architecture; Performance-based Design; Generative Design; Digital Design Studio
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:57

_id	397d
id	397d
authors	Rafi, A, Tinauli, M and Mohd Izani, Z A
year	2007
title	High dynamic range images: Evolution, applications and suggested processes
source	Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Information Visualization (IV07), ETH Zurich, Switzerland, 4-6 July, 877-882.
summary	Three dimensional (3D) and Computer Graphics (CG) industries nowadays require ‘instant’ realism and extreme special effects while imposing the balance in cost, time and solution acceptance standard. It has been known that realistic rendering is time consuming, difficult to use, complex, expensive and often produces insufficient digital output to predict particularly in the early visualization process. This paper focuses on one of the emerging technologies, High Dynamic Range Image (HDRI) and how it can be developed in achieving effective solution, while maintaining ‘realism’ or required result based on a specific application. We firstly introduce the overall HDRI processes before continue to present a framework of captured Low Density Range Image (LDRI) source sequence effectively in HDRI environment. This paper concludes with discussions and lists the application of HDRI.
keywords	HDRI, Rendering, HDRI Applications
series	other
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2007/09/11 02:27

_id	ecaade2007_044
id	ecaade2007_044
authors	Richter, Katharina; Heylighen, Ann; Donath, Dirk
year	2007
title	Looking Back to the Future
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.285
source	Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 285-292
summary	In the early and mid 1990s the idea to apply CBR to the task of designing — in short Case-Based Design (CBD) — led to a considerable number of research initiatives across the world. Several promising CBD tools and prototypes were developed and enthusiastically celebrated within the research community, seemingly announcing a promising future for CAAD. However, because the predicted breakthrough failed to appear, an in-depth evaluation of six CBD tools was conducted in 2001 in search of reasons for this limited success. At first sight the situation has not changed much since then, yet a closer look reveals CBD research still to be quite active, be it sometimes disguised. This observation, combined with our belief in CBD’s potential for aiding professional and student architects, motivated an expanded issue of the 2001 study. This issue determines the position of current CBD research within the CAAD domain and uncovers focal points set by CBD researchers and the tools they created. Additionally it analyses the role of emerging technologies in overcoming earlier identified drawbacks of CBD tools in architecture.
keywords	Case-based design, architectural design, design support systems
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	e5a8
id	e5a8
authors	Saghafi, Mahmoud Reza; Jill Franz, Philip Crowther
year	2010
title	Crossing the Cultural Divide: A Contemporary Holistic Framework for Conceptualising Design Studio Education
source	CONNECTED 2010 – 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DESIGN EDUCATION 28 JUNE - 1 JULY 2010, UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA
summary	While the studio is widely accepted as the learning environment where architecture students most effectively learn how to design (Mahgoub, 2007:195), there are surprisingly few studies that attempt to identify in a qualitative way the interrelated factors that contribute to and support design studio learning (Bose, 2007:131). Such a situation seems problematic given the changes and challenges facing education including design education. Overall, there is growing support for re-examining (perhaps redefining) the design studio particularly in response to the impact of new technologies but as this paper argues this should not occur independently of the other elements and qualities comprising the design studio. In this respect, this paper describes a framework developed for a doctoral project concerned with capturing and more holistically understanding the complexity and potential of the design studio to operate within an increasingly and largely unpredictable global context. Integral to this is a comparative analysis of selected cases underpinned by grounded theory methodology of the traditional design studio and the virtual design studio informed by emerging pedagogical theory and the experiences of those most intimately involved – students and lecturers. In addition to providing a conceptual model for future research, the framework is of value to educators currently interested in developing as well as evaluating learning environments for design.
keywords	design studio, learning environment, online education
series	other
type	normal paper
email
more	http://eprints.qut.edu.au/32147/1/c32147.pdf
last changed	2010/11/16 08:26

_id	sigradi2007_af105
id	sigradi2007_af105
authors	Sampaio Nardelli, Eduardo
year	2007
title	Blobies Buildings and Matias representation [“Blobies Buildings” e a Representação do Matias]
source	SIGraDi 2007 - [Proceedings of the 11th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] México D.F. - México 23-25 October 2007, pp. 428-431
summary	This paper covers an emerging trend in the current architecture practice, so called “Digital Design”, based on a new methodology with an unique theoretical framework, supported by new technologies and able to produce a new class of objects with a high level of complexity asking if this new trend is a legitimate manifestation of the “zeitgeist” able to face other demands which can also be defined as part of the spirit of that age like social exclusion, environmental problems, etc, specially connected with the reality of taking off countries like Brazil, or if it is not more than a sort of transitory fashion of a spectacular architecture.
keywords	Architecture; design; digital technology; theory; education
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:59

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