Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	caadria2007_321
id	caadria2007_321
authors	Kenzari, Bechir
year	2007
title	From the Advanced Model-Making Lab to the Construction Site
source	CAADRIA 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Nanjing (China) 19-21 April 2007
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2007.x.i3c
summary	If the building industry wishes to take advantage of the extensive capabilities of CAD-CAM that have been exploited in the aeronautics/aerospace, automotive and shipbuilding industries, then it has to look at what’s happening in the advanced model-making lab. The current exploitation of cutting-edge technologies by modelmakers points to potential applications on the construction site, both at the constructional and organizational levels.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	cf2011_p157
id	cf2011_p157
authors	Boton, Conrad; Kubicki Sylvain, Halin Gilles
year	2011
title	Understanding Pre-Construction Simulation Activities to Adapt Visualization in 4D CAD Collaborative Tools
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 477-492.
summary	Increasing productivity and efficiency is an important issue in the AEC field. This area is mainly characterized by fragmentation, heterogeneous teams with low lifetimes and many uncertainties. 4D CAD is one of the greatest innovations in recent years. It consists in linking a 3D model of the building with the works planning in order to simulate the construction evolution over time. 4D CAD can fill several needs from design to project management through constructivity analysis and tasks planning (Tommelein 2003). The literature shows that several applications have been proposed to improve the 4D CAD use (Chau et al. 2004; Lu et al. 2007; Seok & al. 2009). In addition, studies have shown the real impact of 4D CAD use in construction projects (Staub-French & Khanzode 2007; Dawood & Sika 2007). More recently, Mahalingam et al. (2010) showed that the collaborative use of 4D CAD is particularly useful during the pre-construction phase for comparing the constructability of working methods, for visually identifying conflicts and clashes (overlaps), and as visual tool for practitioners to discuss and to plan project progress. So the advantage of the 4D CAD collaborative use is demonstrated. Moreover, several studies have been conducted both in the scientific community and in the industrial world to improve it (Zhou et al. 2009; Kang et al. 2007). But an important need that remains in collaborative 4D CAD use in construction projects is about the adaptation of visualization to the users business needs. Indeed, construction projects have very specific characteristics (fragmentation, variable team, different roles from one project to another). Moreover, in the AEC field several visualization techniques can represent the same concept and actors choose one or another of these techniques according to their specific needs related to the task they have to perform. For example, the tasks planning may be represented by a Gantt chart or by a PERT network and the building elements can be depicted with a 3D model or a 2D plan. The classical view (3D + Gantt) proposed to all practitioners in the available 4D tools seems therefore not suiting the needs of all. So, our research is based on the hypothesis that adapting the visualization to individual business needs could significantly improve the collaboration. This work relies on previous ones and aim to develop a method 1) to choose the best suited views for performed tasks and 2) to compose adapted multiple views for each actor, that we call ‚Äúbusiness views‚Äù. We propose a 4 steps-method to compose business views. The first step identifies the users‚Äô business needs, defining the individual practices performed by each actor, identifying his business tasks and his information needs. The second step identifies the visualization needs related to the identified business needs. For this purpose, the user‚Äôs interactions and visualization tasks are described. This enables choosing the most appropriate visualization techniques for each need (step 3). At this step, it is important to describe the visualization techniques and to be able to compare them. Therefore, we proposed a business view metamodel. The final step (step 4) selects the adapted views, defines the coordination mechanisms and the interaction principles in order to compose coordinated visualizations. A final step consists in a validation work to ensure that the composed views really match to the described business needs. This paper presents the latest version of the method and especially presents our latest works about its first and second steps. These include making more generic the business tasks description in order to be applicable within most of construction projects and enabling to make correspondence with visualization tasks.
keywords	Pre-construction, Simulation, 4D CAD, Collaboration, Computer Supported Cooperative Work, Human-Computer Interface, Information visualization, Business view, Model driven engineering
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	sigradi2008_175
id	sigradi2008_175
authors	Knight, Terry; Larry Sass, Kenfield Griffith, Ayodh Vasant Kamath
year	2008
title	Visual-Physical Grammars
source	SIGraDi 2008 - [Proceedings of the 12th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] La Habana - Cuba 1-5 December 2008
summary	This paper introduces new visual-physical design grammars for the design and manufacture of building assembly systems that provide visually rich, culturally resonant design variations for housing. The building systems are intended to be tailored for particular cultures and communities by incorporating vernacular, decorative design into the assembly design. Two complementary areas of computational design research are brought together in this work: shape grammars and digital fabrication. The visual or graphic aspects of the research are explored through shape grammars. The physical design and manufacturing aspects are explored through advanced digital design and fabrication technologies and, in particular, build on recent work on mono-material assemblies with interlocking components that can be fabricated with CNC machines and assembled easily by hand on-site (Sass, 2007). This paper describes the initial, proof-of-concept stage of this work: the development of an automated, visual-physical grammar for an assembly system based on a vernacular language of Greek meander designs. A shape grammar for the two-dimensional Greek meander language (Knight, 1986) was translated into a three-dimensional assembly system. The components of the system are uniquely designed, concrete “meander bricks” (Figure 1). The components have integrated alignment features so that they can be easily fitted and locked together manually without binding materials. Components interlock horizontally to form courses, and courses interlock vertically in different ways to produce a visual variety of meander walls. The assembly components were prototyped at desktop scale with a layered manufacturing machine to test their appearance after assembly and their potential for design variations (Figure 2). Components were then evaluated as full-scale concrete objects for satisfaction of physical constraints related to concrete forming and component strength. The automated grammar (computer program) for this system generates assembly design variations with complete CAD/CAM data for fabrication of components formed from layered, CNC cut molds. Using the grammar, a full-scale mockup of a corner wall section was constructed to assess the structural, material, and aesthetic feasibility of the system, as well as ease of assembly. The results of this study demonstrate clearly the potentials for embedding visual properties in structural systems. They provide the foundations for further work on assembly systems for complete houses and other small-scale structures, and grammars to generate them. In the long-term, this research will lead to new solutions for economical, easily manufactured housing which is especially critical in developing countries and for post-disaster environments. These new housing solutions will not only provide shelter but will also support important cultural values through the integration of familiar visual design features. The use of inexpensive, portable digital design and fabrication technologies will allow local communities to be active, cooperative participants in the design and construction of their homes. Beyond the specific context of housing, visual-physical grammars have the potential to positively impact design and manufacture of designed artifacts at many scales, and in many domains, particularly for artifacts where visual aesthetics need to be considered jointly with physical or material requirements and design customization or variation is important.
keywords	Shape grammar, digital fabrication, building assembly, mass customization, housing
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:54

_id	ascaad2007_049
id	ascaad2007_049
authors	Mokbel, H.; G. Salazar, M. Aboulezz and J. Tocci
year	2007
title	Choosing Levels of Granularity in Building Information Modeling: Contractor’s Perspective
source	Em‘body’ing Virtual Architecture: The Third International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2007), 28-30 November 2007, Alexandria, Egypt, pp. 623-634
summary	Over the last two years, there has been an increased interest across the Architectural /Engineering/ Construction (A/E/C) professionals in the potential adoption of the Building Information Modeling. Professional Associations such as the American Institute of Architects (AIA), the Associated General Contractors (AGC) and the Design-Build Institute of America (DBIA) are dedicating specific resources to better understand the implications of the use of this concept in their professional activities. However, not much ground has been gained yet in finding practical ways to choose the level of granularity (LOG) or detail that is needed to develop the digital model in a cost effective fashion. Choosing the Level of Granularity (LOG) of the digital model or level of detail development that goes into the model is a key decision that results from careful consideration of many factors. It is a very complex and iterative process that requires a critical assessment of the cost of adding details to the digital model versus the benefits derived from its intended purpose whether the model will be used to enhance the communication process or to support the construction management functions performed by the firm. This paper presents two case studies in which the authors have been directly involved in making the decision on the LOG of the digital model. The first case involves the Togar Suites, Union Station project in New Jersey while the second case refers to the Worcester Trail Courthouse in Worcester Massachusetts. In both cases, the 3D models were developed primarily for visualization of the construction sequence. However, in the case of the Togar Suites the contractor also needed the model for trade coordination and clash detection purposes.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2008/01/21 22:00

_id	eaea2009_piga
id	eaea2009_piga
authors	Piga, Barbara E.A.
year	2011
title	The Urban Simulation and Projects Evaluation Laboratory at the Politecnico di Milano: An Educational and Research Facility
source	Projecting Spaces [Proceedings of the 9th European Architectural Endoscopy Association Conference / ISBN 978-3-942411-31-8 ], pp. 115-120
summary	At the beginning of 2007 an Italian Urban Simulation Laboratory was founded at the Politecnico di Milano. The laboratory, coordinated by prof. Fausto Curti, has been developed thanks to the one year presence of the visiting professor Peter Bosselmann, director of the Environmental Simulation Laboratory at the University of California at Berkeley. The laboratory has an interdisciplinary approach and a threefold mission: experiment, using the laboratory setting to study urban projects at different scales; communicate, aiding public communication by making urban projects understandable to everyone; integrate and innovate, working on different kind of simulations techniques in an integrated way. In its initial experience the laboratory is primarily a didactic and research facility. Students can join the work and participate actively to the research. Until now about 40 students have worked with us, more than a half were foreign students from all over the world. The majority of the students did an internship of about 150 (three-year degree) or 300 (master degree) hours and some of them have continued working after this period developing a thesis. At the moment the case study, used as a pilot research, is about the Porta Nuova project at the Garibaldi- Repubblica area in Milan. The 300.000 mq of the total area and its well served central position make this place strategic for Milan. In this area the adopted urban transformation plan is creating a new business center that affects redevelopment projects, new infrastructures, and a park. The overall project will overhanging the surroundings city center with some of the highest buildings of its skyline. The importance of the site and the dimension of the project make this case significant to test the use of simulation for supporting evaluations about morphological aspects, comfort conditions, visual impacts, and other aspects that directly influence the quality of the new urban spaces. We are now applying different simulation methodologies in order to better understand the peculiar usefulness of each kind as a tool to support evaluation. As any kind has its own limits we work with different typologies at the same time. We are working with 1:500 scale physical model of a 1 km square of the area and different kind of static and dynamic simulations. We developed, with an external office, a micro-car to move a micro-camera in the maquette. We use this equipment to better explain the project implications to the students by producing subjective shot videos or showing a walk in real-time. To reproduce in a better way some relevant walks through the transformed site we have also produced some videos made of a superimposition of the real existing context and the virtual projects. To do this we used a rendered video of the project superimposed to the filmed promenade of the today condition, previously recorded using steadycam. A lot of static simulations has been employed to better understand the new city configuration from some representative points of view, as for example the roof of the Duomo cathedral. We are now developing some other kinds of analysis such as shadows impact; this is done by using a 1:1000 scale maquette in the Heliodon, but also with some digital tools. In the next future a work with the wind tunnel will help to understand some other comfort implications of the project at the micro-urban scale. The multilayer approach is the main aim of the laboratory and is an important tool to clarify the multidimensional project impacts to the students. In this way the laboratory can be a learning tool, it can stimulate the project process and support decision-making while improving the knowledge about the correct use of simulations for evaluating the cumulative implications of the proposed urban processes.
series	other
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/eaea
last changed	2011/03/04 08:45

_id	ecaade2007_134
id	ecaade2007_134
authors	Rüdenauer, Kai; Dohmen, Philipp
year	2007
title	Heuristic Methods in Architectural Design Optimization
source	Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 507-514
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.507
summary	This paper focuses on optimization methods and their role in the “digital chain” in architectural design and production. These methods were developed in the research phase of the project ‘New Monte Rosa Shelter’ to improve cost efficiency and to adapt the design for the specific environmental and constructive constraints of the site. The New Monte Rosa Shelter is a project designed by students for a mountain shelter at high altitude. For transportation and construction reasons, optimization was required to minimize costs, material, and weight of the structure. For this project a series of programs using genetic algorithms were written to optimize the geometry of the wooden framework. These programs were combined to create a digital toolset, giving the architects direct output of surface information from the framing data, and allowing for output as a three-dimensional model. This optimization toolset gives creative control back to the architects themselves, who can now transform and manipulate the architecture. This paper describes the overall process, and outlines one specific optimization tool, a program that enables architects to “fill” the wooden framework automatically with different material and construction systems and understand the cost and efficiency implications based upon the structural analysis software and the programmed heuristic methods.
keywords	Heuristics, algorithm, evolutionary strategy, digital chain, generative design, computer aided optimization
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	ecaade2007_094
id	ecaade2007_094
authors	Buattour, Mohamed; Halin, Gilles; Bignon, Jean Claude
year	2007
title	Management system for a Virtual Cooperative Project
source	Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 125-131
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.125
summary	The paper presents on-going research aimed at the support of the management of building projects and the aid cooperative design. Today, The use of systems adapted to the cooperative design assistance for the building domain is complex. This results from the complexity of the cooperative work (difficulties in tracking actor’s work, lack of most of the required information, coordination problems, implicit nature of most of the construction activities etc.) The paper will briefly review two data exchanging modes that we had defined. After, on the basis of this concept of cooperative design we describe a new model of a virtual environment aimed to takes into account the relational organization of the project and the semantic meaning of works. This research represents a new approach because it not based on management of documents but on all data relative to works. Finally, we use this new model for defining a design-aided tool, to deduce advantages and limits of the “Virtual Cooperative Project”. This system lets geographically dispersed project actors model the project context of a building. More specifically, it allows interpreting, using and exchanging project works in a centralized virtual environment during the building life cycle. This system uses IFC objects which associate in the same model the semantic and the 3D representation of building works.
keywords	Cooperation model, cooperative work design, project management, digital mock-up
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	acadia07_104
id	acadia07_104
authors	Chen, Chien-Lin; Johnson, Brian R.
year	2007
title	DVIN: A Dual View Information Navigation System
source	Expanding Bodies: Art • Cities• Environment [Proceedings of the 27th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture / ISBN 978-0-9780978-6-8] Halifax (Nova Scotia) 1-7 October 2007, 104-109
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2007.104
summary	Differences in the preferred modes of representation of architects and their clients create challenges to their collaboration in the design process. Traditional two-dimensional drawings such as plans, sections and elevations form the backbone of architectural representation, anchoring text labels to record relevant non-graphical information. Nominally geometric “slices” through the proposed building volume, these drawings employ abstractions and conventions unique to professional practice. In contrast, non-architects think about building configuration largely through experiential or photographic perspective. This challenge increases over the life of the project. Simple drawings, such as those used in schematic design, are easily understood by all parties. However, as the building design develops the architects encode more and more design detail through the drawing conventions of construction documents, inadvertently making this detail less and less accessible to non-architects. We present DVIN, a prototype system that uses coordinated plan and perspective views for navigation of building information models, linking the information to an individual’s spatial navigation skills rather than their document navigation skills. This web-based application was developed using Java and VRML. The prototype makes it easier for naive users to locate and query building information, whether they are a client, a facility manager, or possibly an emergency responder. * NOTE: two pages missing from the printed proceedings have been appended to the PDF version of this paper and numbered 'erratum page 1' and 'erratum page 2' *
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	ecaade2007_216
id	ecaade2007_216
authors	Hamid, Bauni
year	2007
title	Mapping Design Process into Process Design: Implementing Collaborative Design from Social Psychological Approaches
source	Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 711-716
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.711
summary	In this paper we view the process of collaboration as a social setting, rather than a problem of communication. It involves and is impacted by social, non-technical aspects, such as lack of shared understanding, conflict, availability and motivation of the participants, and other factors that can facilitate or impede the goals of the collaborative enterprise. We propose to use a social and psychological approach. The ideal model should be a collaborative design system that can facilitate the socially constructed interactions among participants, as well as the communication of information. The proposed system should enable participants to assess the typical problems of collaboration. We build up our effort towards this goal by developing a representation system of collaborative design process. In this research we attempt to map collaborative design process into process design by using our proposed representation system. Our intention is to enable the existing system visually representing the integration of design stage to the whole construction process: since project planning until building operation.
keywords	Design process: process design, collaborative design, social psychology
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ascaad2007_052
id	ascaad2007_052
authors	Hamza, N. and M. Horne
year	2007
title	Building Information Modelling: Empowering Energy Conscious Design
source	Em‘body’ing Virtual Architecture: The Third International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2007), 28-30 November 2007, Alexandria, Egypt, pp. 661-670
summary	The increasing awareness of climate change and carbon dioxide emissions from the built environment is resulting in the need to visualize the environmental performance of buildings. One of the recent drivers in the UK has been the tightening of building regulations relating to energy consumption in buildings, mandating all buildings to be performance evaluated by accredited environmental simulation tools to test their carbon dioxide emission against set targets. Currently there is major confusion on all levels from architects to building control officers and contractors on how to engrain energy consciousness principles in the design and construction of buildings. Within this context, ‘Building Information Modelling’ that is linked to ‘Building Performance Modelling’ is increasingly being looked upon as a tool to facilitate the communication between the design team and contractors and to provide a transparent information model on the specification and targeted energy consumption of all new/ refurbished buildings to all parties involved. In this paper, analysis of the benefits and drawbacks of current efforts to combine those two comprehensive databases will be investigated. A sample of main software development companies, architects and contractors, using semi-structured interviews is undertaken to find out how Building Integrated Modelling (BIM) and Building Performance Modelling (BPM) can support the design and construction teams to deliver energy conscious buildings.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2008/01/21 22:00

_id	ecaade2007_223
id	ecaade2007_223
authors	Homma, Riken; Morozumi, Mitsuo; Onishi, Yasunobu; Murakami, Yuji
year	2007
title	Map-Based Repository of Image System for Sharing the Photographs in Design Studio
source	Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 151-157
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.151
summary	In the preparation of urban designs, it is important for the designer to understand the space feature of the project district and to obtain the design resource from the site. In our design studio, students take pictures of a point of interest (POI) in the project district and discuss the design concept of the district based on the photographs. To share the photographs obtained by the students during the field survey along with the attribute information and shooting positions, the present authors have developed a Web-based image archive system as an effective resource for a design studio. This system registers the photographs taken in the surveying district on GoogleMap and simultaneously displays the images on a three-dimensional city model. In this paper, we discuss the development of a Map-based Repository of Image (MRI) system to share the photographs of a city. Moreover, we attempt to evaluate its pedagogical effect in the design studio.
keywords	WebGIS, GoogleMap, virtools, design studio
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ecaade2007_026
id	ecaade2007_026
authors	Huang, Chuen-huei (Joseph); Krawczyk, Robert
year	2007
title	A Choice Model of Consumer Participatory Design for Modular Houses
source	Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 679-686
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.679
summary	The paper describes the relationship of client’s requirements and available design options of the proposed system by examples of its current prototype. By integrating the nature of modularity in prefabricated housing design, a proposed web-based design system will provide information filtering questionnaires to assist customers in selecting appropriate design components. A methodology has been developed that can generate design options based on the client’s needs and available modular components from selected product suppliers making it possible to simulate the final design before processing orders for assembling and manufacturing.
keywords	Customer participation, questionnaire approach, design knowledge representation, housing delivery process
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	b428
id	b428
authors	Joseph Chuen-huei Huang
year	2007
title	A Choice Model of Mass Customized Modular Housing by Internet Aided Design
source	Joint Conference Proceedings of International Mass Customization Meeting 2007 (IMCM’07) and International Conference on Economic, Technical and Organizational Aspects of Product Configuration Systems (PETO’07), pp. 61-75
summary	The Internet has increased the opportunities to apply the concept of mass customization to customer interaction by tailoring the content to individual needs. Within limited design parameters, customers can determine what options they wish by participating in the flow of the design process from the beginning. This concept has already been implemented in the computer, clothing, and automobile industries, but it has not been fully integrated in architecture, especially the housing industry which is more directly related to personal life style. The industry lacks a process that will lead to the customization of homes that respond to the unique values and needs of the occupants. The paper describes the relationship of client’s requirements and available design options of the proposed system by examples of its current prototype. By integrating the nature of modularity in prefabricated housing design, a proposed web-based design system will provide information filtering questionnaires to assist customers in selecting appropriate design components. A methodology has been developed that can generate design options based on the client’s needs and available modular components from selected product suppliers making it possible to simulate the final design before processing orders for assembling and manufacturing.
keywords	advisory system; customer participation; interactive questionnaire, housing delivery process
series	other
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2007/10/09 19:16

_id	e9e2
id	e9e2
authors	Joseph J. Nicholson
year	2007
title	AEC Technocentrism?
source	blogspot.com
summary	Technocentrism within the AEC industry hastens digital architecture's progress and leads to low end production because advanced technology doesn't become implemented fast enough. CAD technology isn't being rolled over, expediently, to latest versions (and beyond) because complacency impedes CAD technologies from looking outside it's own discipline - obstructing access to more standardized applied systems. Post modern CAD (VDC [Virtual Design & Construction]/BIM [Building Information Modeling]) is THE system that will be the primordial digital structure to future architectures and better standardizations.
series	other
type	short paper
email
last changed	2007/05/17 22:46

_id	ascaad2007_007
id	ascaad2007_007
authors	Kaka, Ammar; Yahaya Ibrahim, Timothy Lukins and Emanuele Trucco
year	2007
title	The Development of an Automated Progress Measurement System for Construction Work Packages
source	Em‘body’ing Virtual Architecture: The Third International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2007), 28-30 November 2007, Alexandria, Egypt, pp. 81-86
summary	The challenges associated with collecting accurate data on the progress of construction have long been recognised. Traditional methods often involve human judgment, high costs, and are too infrequent to provide managers with timely and accurate control data. The aim of this study is to propose a prototype system that employs Computer Vision (CV) techniques to report on progress for components supplied from an integrated Building Information Model (BIM). This model stores and relates this feedback to a representation of the work breakdown structure (WBS) that assigns components to work packages. In this paper we present an overview of the actual system – from the theoretical and technical challenges encountered.
series	ASCAAD
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2021/07/16 10:35

_id	cf2007_431
id	cf2007_431
authors	Kiang, Tan Beng; Daniel Hii Jun Chung
year	2007
title	Integrating Advanced Shader Technology for Realistic Architectural Virtual Reality Visualisation
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / 978-1-4020-6527-9 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / 978-1-4020-6527-9] Sydney (Australia) 11–13 July 2007, pp. 431-443
summary	The gaming industry plays a pivotal role in creating real-time advanced shaders nowadays. With better and more affordable computer hardware, shaders are beginning to be used in other non- gaming softwares. The virtual reality visualization tools used by the architectural designers can benefit from this. This paper investigates the impact of real-time shaders on the performance of architectural virtual reality visualization of 3D models and provides a guide for architectural users to decide the optimal number of shaders to use based on the size of the model.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2007/07/06 12:47

_id	caadria2007_057
id	caadria2007_057
authors	Kouide, Tahar; G. Paterson
year	2007
title	BIM as a Viable Collaborative Working Tool: A Case Study
source	CAADRIA 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Nanjing (China) 19-21 April 2007
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2007.x.l1j
summary	For the majority of design practices in the construction industry the use of CAD systems have been used to merely automate hand drafting (Cohen 2003). This is the traditional way of working that has changed very little since the introduction of commercial CAD systems. These practices as means of communication are being replaced by a virtual building model environment which encapsulates all of the information for an entire construction project and thereby enables computer-supported co-operative working practices. (Newton 2003) This study aims to determine whether Building Information Modelling (BIM) can, and whether it will, replace traditional communication media as the standard in the industry for computersupported co-operative working practices in the Architecture Engineering and construction (AEC) sector. The bulk of the research comprises an extensive literature review looking at the principal reasons behind the development of BIM, the potential advantages and drawbacks of the technology, and the barriers and obstacles which inhibit its adoption as a means of computer-supported co-operative working. The findings of the study have been validated and analysed against current practice in the field through a live case study analysis of the on-going Heathrow airport Terminal 5 Project in London (UK). The Terminal 5 case study demonstrates that present software tools, although usable, still present significant implicit technical constraints to wider implementation among Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The case study has also shown that in practice, the success of BIM depends just as much on the working practices and ethos of participants in the project chain as it does on the capabilities of the software itself, in particular the willingness of practitioners to change traditional working practices. The case study has shown that the present investment, in terms of time, cost, and effort required to implementing the technology means that BIM is unlikely to be adopted on small simple projects where conventional CAD is still adequate. It also highlighted that BIM tools currently available are not yet adequately developed to satisfy the requirements of the many procurement and especially contractual arrangements which presently exist and many firms will be frightened off by the unresolved legal issues which may arise from implementing BIM in their practices.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ascaad2007_040
id	ascaad2007_040
authors	Loemker, T.M.
year	2007
title	Location Based Services in Revitalization: The Use of Commonly Available Techniques for a Client-Participation Model
source	Em‘body’ing Virtual Architecture: The Third International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2007), 28-30 November 2007, Alexandria, Egypt, pp. 505-516
summary	This research concentrates on the combination of remote sensing devices, georeferenced data, web-based optimization techniques and Location Based Services in revitalization. Its aim is to enhance the delivery of information about the development potentialities of existing buildings. The present and idle stock of buildings is extensive. Nonetheless, significant data and information about existing buildings is hardly available. The real estate owners are usually not known by prospective clients and they can be elicited only with substantial effort. But even if data about a building is available it is difficult to valuate it precisely, because of missing standard classification techniques. The question whether or not a building is suitable for a certain subsequent use is therefore hard to answer. It involves an extensive expenditure of time and manpower. Recent publications however, demonstrate that requests for the re-use of buildings can be solved through the use of combinatorial optimization techniques (Loemker 2006a, 2006b, 2007). Within these approaches researchers mainly concentrate on the architect dealing with inquiries from clients. These inquiries typically address the question if specific buildings are suitable for particular future uses. With the aid of optimization engines the architect can solve these requests through a description of the existing buildings and the corresponding enquiries in terms of specific criteria such as number and size of rooms or adjacency between rooms. According to an unambiguous syntax these approaches can be applied to any building type. The building data is stored in databases which can be inquired through optimization engines which thereupon calculate suitable solutions to the demands made by the client. But even if these approaches demonstrate high potential, their bottleneck lies in the exclusive use through the architect. Neither can they be addressed to buildings that are not listed in the architects own inventory listings nor can they be used by the clients themselves. Furthermore, no reliable statement about a prospective reuse of a building can be made directly on site by prospective clients, i.e. buyers or renters. In our research we examined if ad-hoc analyses of existing buildings can be accomplished through the clients themselves with the aid of Location Based Services that can be accessed by common remote sensing devices. The aim is to give prospective clients the possibility to visit a building and run in-situ usability simulations. To accomplish this, building data will be transferred between the building and the client through the use of ordinary communication devices. These devices automatically connect to server-based applications, which compare the requirements of the client with the existing building and run remote simulations on concrete further utilization. The newly generated information will then be passed back to the client’s device. In the paper we address a scenario of a prospective client who visits a city where he hits on an unused building he might be interest in. The client wishes to gain immediate and accurate information if the building is able to meet his demands regarding the space needed for his company. Different techniques investigated, their assets and drawbacks will be described that could accomplish suchlike tasks.
series	ASCAAD
last changed	2008/01/21 22:00

_id	4643
id	4643
authors	Loemker, Thorsten Michael
year	2007
title	Preservation of existing buildings through methods of Operations Research
source	DACH 2007, International Conference on Digital Applications in Cultural Heritage, P. 157-175
summary	The revitalization of existing buildings is getting more and more important. We are facing a situation where in many cases there is no need to design new buildings because an increasing number of existing buildings is not used anymore. The most ecological procedure to revitalize these buildings would be through a continuous usage and by making few or no alterations to the stock. Thus, the modus operandi could be named a “non-destructive” approach. From the architects’ point of view, non-destructive redesign of existing buildings is time-consuming and complex. The methodology we developed to aid architects in solving such tasks is based on exchanging or swapping utilization of specific rooms to converge in a design solution. In this regard, it was examined whether solutions for reuse tasks can be produced automatically by the use of optimization processes in floor plan design. These solutions shall be produced by swapping of existing areas. The objective is to obtain feasible planning solutions by means of these computer-based processes, which will serve the architect as a basis for the further editing of the plans. The methodical basis for this procedure is formed by models from Operations Research. The design of the model developed relates to problems in logistics, for example, the loading in trans-shipment centers. It also has analogies to board games like Chess or Go. These games are based on a specific number of fields or crosses of grid lines which are occupied by various tokens. Occupation is subject to a variety of conditions or rules. Compliance to conditions and objectives is clearly defined by the use of these rules. The analogy to our model is the fixed grid, the limited possibility to occupy fields and the fulfillment of an overall goal, i.e., to win the game. Therefore the model does not alter geometric proportions or locations of rooms but changes their occupancy such that a new usage could be applied to the building.
keywords	Operations Research, Revitalization, Optimization
series	other
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2008/10/13 13:49

_id	ascaad2007_005
id	ascaad2007_005
authors	Loh, E.; N. Dawood and J. Dean
year	2007
title	Integration of 3D Tool with Environmental Impact Assessment (3D EIA)
source	Em‘body’ing Virtual Architecture: The Third International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2007), 28-30 November 2007, Alexandria, Egypt, pp. 51-66
summary	Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) tools have been available for some years now and their function is predominantly to predict and identify the environmental impact of building projects. However EIA analysis is often done after the completion of the project or building and when it is too late to influence the design, materials or components to be used. Also, more than 80% of the design decisions that influence the whole life cycle of a building are made at the initial design phase. EIA does not receive the required attention. A new approach is suggested in this research to ensure that designers, clients and stakeholders have all of the relevant information needed at the outline design stage for the assessment of cost and environmental impact. The idea is that building owners and users will have the opportunity to minimise their operating costs from ‘cradle to cradle’. As energy resources reduce over the next few decades, the value of this research will increase and it is possible to foresee government legislation which drives building construction in this direction. By making environmental impact analysis readily linked to 3D products at the very early stage of the design process, the value of 3D technology will be enhanced significantly resulting in more use of the technology in the construction process. In this context, the objective of this paper is to introduce and explore approaches for developing integrated 3D- EIA, LCA (Life Cycle Analysis) and LCCA (Life Cycle Cost Analysis) and VR (Virtual Reality) tools and develop trade-off analysis to assist in the decision making process. To demonstrate initial results, a pilot case study in the UK is being developed.
series	ASCAAD
last changed	2008/01/21 22:00

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