CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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Hits 1 to 20 of 557

_id ecaade2007_088
id ecaade2007_088
authors Bechthold, Martin
year 2007
title Teaching Technology: CAD/CAM, Parametric Design and Interactivity
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.767
source Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 767-775
summary The paper discusses a project-based approach to technology teaching, and examines the case of the mobile information unit (MIU) for Harvard University and its art museums. A student competition was held to explore design alternatives for this unit. The winning entry proposed an interactive, pixilated fiber-optics display as well as touch screens. Parametric digital modeling was used in the design and design development of the scheme. Research included the study of structural alternatives, fabrication methods and the modes of interaction between users and the MIU.
keywords Computer-aided design and manufacturing, fabrication, simulation, prototype, fiber optics
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id ecaade2007_118
id ecaade2007_118
authors Fricker, Pia; Hovestadt, Ludger; Braach, Markus; Dillenburger, Benjamin; Dohmen, Philipp; Rüdenauer, Kai; Lemmerzahl, Steffen; Lehnerer, Alexander
year 2007
title Organised Complexity
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.695
source Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 695-701
summary The objective of the paper is to demonstrate the application of architectural research and design methods from the fields of strategic design, digital production and design chains to facilitate the completion of demanding large-scale building projects. Since we have concentrated the efforts of the past few years on various aspects of building practice while applying and testing the “Digital Chain” method to several concrete projects, we are now engaged with linking the individual phases in order to make the final step towards the reality of building practice. With this knowledge, we attempt to propose a new way of thinking in the design and building sector based on digitized planning processes.
keywords Collaborative design, parametric design, user participation in design, strategic design
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id ecaade2007_049
id ecaade2007_049
authors Gane, Victor; Haymaker, John
year 2007
title Conceptual Design of High-rises with Parametric Methods
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.293
source Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 293-301
summary This paper describes the use of parametric methods in generating conceptual designs of high-rise buildings. We first assess current conceptual design practice at a leading AE firm and illustrate the challenge of satisfying a complex set of requirements with the tools currently used by the AEC industry. Few design options are generally developed and analyzed; better design solutions are most likely being overlooked. Parametric tools can potentially help address this problem by allowing designers to formalize and generate solution spaces that can be explored. But few case studies exist to document the construction and impact of these models. We present such a case study. We describe the variables, constraints, components, and rules in the model. We discuss the costs and benefits, and conclude with recommendations for expanding the use of parametric methods.
keywords Conceptual, rule-based, parametric design
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id acadia07_066
id acadia07_066
authors Gün, Onur Yüce ; Wallin, Nicholas J.
year 2007
title Composing the Bits of Surfaces in Architectural Practice
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2007.066
source Expanding Bodies: Art • Cities• Environment [Proceedings of the 27th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture / ISBN 978-0-9780978-6-8] Halifax (Nova Scotia) 1-7 October 2007, 66-73
summary Emergent design tools, with enhanced modeling and parametric manipulation capabilities, are encouraging the exploration of new geometric typologies in the field of architecture. Designers are not only finding more opportunities to work with geometries of higher complexities but are also becoming able to manipulate their designs with simple formulations. After a decade of familiarity with free form modeling tools, architects must now become more aware of the critical relationship between design and construction. When a design is performed without taking the constraints of construction into account the inefficient method of geometric post-rationalization becomes necessary. Thus, the knowledge of the rationale should be applied from the very beginning of the design processes, and digital models should be informed and controlled while being developed. This paper will present analytical strategies and methods for working with nonstandard geometries in a geometrically and parametrically controlled environment. Each method is supported with custom scripts which run in both parametric and non-parametric computer aided design (CAD) platforms. Each script and method is manipulated for the next project and the computational tools created build up a library of surface generation, manipulation, and subdivision tools. This library later becomes a source for office-wide use of surface manipulation.
series ACADIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:49

_id ecaade2007_009
id ecaade2007_009
authors Gün, Onur Yüce
year 2007
title Composing the Bits of Surfaces in Architectural Practice
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.859
source Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 859-868
summary Emergent design tools; with enhanced modeling and parametric manipulation capabilities are encouraging the exploration of new geometric typologies in the field of architecture. Designers are not only finding more opportunities to work with geometries of higher complexities but also becoming able to update their designs with simple formulations. After a decade of proximity with free form modeling tools, architects now have to become more aware of the critical relationship of design and construction. When the design is performed without taking the constraints of the construction the inefficient method of geometric post-rationalization unavoidably has to take place. So, the knowledge of the rationale should be applied from the very beginning of the design processes, and the digital models should be informed and controlled while being developed. This paper will present analytical strategies and methods developed for working with non-standard geometries in a geometrically and parametrically controlled environment. Each method is supported with custom scripts which run in both parametric and non-parametric computer aided design (CAD) platforms. Each script and method is manipulated for the next project over time and the computational tools created build up a library of surface generation, manipulation and subdivision tools.
keywords Parametric, surface, construction, Generative Components, Rhino Script
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id ijac20075104
id ijac20075104
authors Hesselgren, Lars; Charitou, Renos; Dritsas, Stylianos
year 2007
title The Bishopsgate Tower Case Study
source International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 5 - no. 1, pp. 62-81
summary This paper summarizes the ongoing research on the Bishopsgate Tower in the City of London designed by Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates. We present a pre-rational geometry computational solution targeting a constraint-aware exploration of the architectural design-space, while interactively optimizing building performance in terms of constructability and cost-efficiency. We document a novel approach in building metrics optimization supported by parametric technologies and embedded analytical algorithms. The process is indicative of how computational methods will develop in the future and help designers find solutions for increasingly complex spaces.
series journal
email
last changed 2007/06/14 12:11

_id acadia07_040
id acadia07_040
authors Hyde, Rory
year 2007
title Punching Above Your Weight: Digital Design Methods and Organisational Change in Small Practice
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2007.040
source Expanding Bodies: Art • Cities• Environment [Proceedings of the 27th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture / ISBN 978-0-9780978-6-8] Halifax (Nova Scotia) 1-7 October 2007, 40-47
summary Expanding bodies of knowledge imply expanding teams to manage this knowledge. Paradoxically, it can be shown that in situations of complexity—which increasingly characterise the production of architecture generally—the small practice or small team could be at an advantage. This is due to the increasingly digital nature of the work undertaken and artefacts produced by practices, enabling production processes to be augmented with digital toolsets and for tight project delivery networks to be forged with other collaborators and consultants (Frazer 2006). Furthermore, as Christensen argues, being small may also be desirable, as innovations are less likely to be developed by large, established companies (Christensen 1997). By working smarter, and managing the complexity of design and construction, not only can the small practice “punch above its weight” and compete with larger practices, this research suggests it is a more appropriate model for practice in the digital age. This paper demonstrates this through the implementation of emerging technologies and strategies including generative and parametric design, digital fabrication, and digital construction. These strategies have been employed on a number of built and un-built case-study projects in a unique collaboration between RMIT University’s SIAL lab and the award-winning design practice BKK Architects.
series ACADIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id ijac20075406
id ijac20075406
authors Iordanova, Ivanka
year 2007
title Teaching Digital Design Exploration: Form Follows
source International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 5 - no. 4, pp. 685-702
summary This paper presents some challenges of teaching computational geometry to architectural students, and proposes a multi-level pedagogical scheme introducing associative geometry and parametric modeling/design into architectural design education. It reports on two pedagogical experiences: one held in the context of a spatial geometry course in the first year of education; and another one, in a digital design studio with third-year architectural students. More specifically, it discusses the impact on design exploration of a library of interactive referents models introduced into the architectural studio. Situated in the 'performance' paradigm of digital design methods, they allow for design object explorations based on modification of architecturally meaningful features (structural, environmental, functional, etc.). The form of a design object can thus 'follow' function, structure, or even sustainability. The digital methods and the design knowledge transferred by the interactive models, together with their visual nature, are found to amplify the processes of 'seeing-as' and the 'reflective conversation with the situation' considered essential for creative design.
series journal
email
last changed 2008/02/25 20:30

_id bsct_kourkoutas
id bsct_kourkoutas
authors Kourkoutas, Vassilios
year 2007
title Parametric Form Finding in Contemporary Architecture
source Vienna University of Technology; Building Science & Technology
summary The search of new geometry has been during the last years an interesting subject for Contemporary Architecture. As the 21st century brought a new era for architectural design, CAD programs have evolved together with the idea of Form Finding. The possibilities offered make the collaboration of the architect with the computer now possible in terms of searching the appropriate form for given cases. As the analysis of contemporary architectural pieces has indicated, the procedure of architectural design can be semi-automated. Parametric Form Finding is transferring generative approaches into the architectural design workflow by introducing a set of rules to describe the constrains of the form. Given this context, two methods have been realized, which are guided by the user by providing basic two dimensional shapes, restrictions and form characteristics. The approach is fitted in a plug-in for the modeling environment of Rhinoceros that generates three dimensional form based on the user?s input. The methods followed are being evaluated.
keywords Parametric, Form Finding, Rhinoceros, plug-in
series thesis:MSc
type normal paper
email
more http://cec.tuwien.ac.at
last changed 2007/07/22 15:29

_id d939
id d939
authors Marc Aurel Schnabel
year 2007
title 8448cubed
source The Faculty of Architecture, Design and Planning, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia www.arch.usyd.edu.au ISBN: 978-0-9581221-2-2
summary 8448cubed is an architectural design exhibition showcasing creative digital design techniques. It explores how the coupling of architectural designs with digital modelling and manufacturing methods allow for a deeper comprehension and experience of space and form. The core of this collection is held together by the idea of spatial concepts within constraints of a cube 8448 millimetres3 in volume. Materials are creatively cut using computer-aided architectural design tools, parametric design techniques and digital manufacturing processes.
keywords digital modelling, parametric modeling, digital manufacturing, form generation, exhibition
series book
type normal paper
email
more http://8448cubed.tk/
last changed 2007/11/17 16:07

_id sigradi2007_af24
id sigradi2007_af24
authors Monedero, Javier
year 2007
title Architectural eLearning: An inquiry into the fuzzy boundaries that separate education and instruction [Architectural eLearning. Una indagación sobre los límites borrosos que separan la educación y la instrucción]
source SIGraDi 2007 - [Proceedings of the 11th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] México D.F. - México 23-25 October 2007, pp. 155-158
summary This communication is based on the development of a new subject to be imparted in collaboration with three Departments (Visual Communication, Projects and Construction) at the School of Architecture of Barcelona. It is a work that has been financed with a special grant from our university, aimed at the development of new teaching modalities and, in particular, of those that would develop the use of new technologies, collaboration among university departments and eLearning. The aim of the communication is twofold. First, to present some results that we consider valuable in themselves, as much for the techniques as for the methodology that we have used. Second, to propitiate a debate on the new situation that the teaching of architecture is moving to, due to the advance of a series of instruction methods where the methodological organization, the storing of informative material and the preparation of autonomous interactive systems, open more and more effective roads of learning but that, at the same time, point towards a new educational structure that fits badly within the traditional structures in which we have still to work daily. Regarding the first point, the main aspects to highlight are: a) the development of a selflearning system by means of a very complete series of tutorials that allow a gradual acquisition, depending on the necessities or interests of each student, of geometric modeling, parametric design, visual simulation and interactive animation techniques, b) the development of a system of general information supply and on line comments and corrections. Regarding the second point, a provisional theoretical framework has been elaborated based on the consideration of the ubiquitous visual communication media as misleading mediators of a personal relationship. This theoretical frame has been tested by a few experiences carried out with the collaboration of students implied in the project. The general conclusion is that both challenges must be faced at the same time: new educational technologies must be analysed and integrated in our curricula and a new theoretical framework, able to clarify the difference between instruction and education, must be developed in parallel with those technologies.
keywords Architecture; eLearning; Visual Communication
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:55

_id caadria2007_511
id caadria2007_511
authors Rügemer, Jörg
year 2007
title Various Media in the Design Process and Methodology
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2007.x.t8j
source CAADRIA 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Nanjing (China) 19-21 April 2007
summary The paper describes the mergence of traditional architectural design processes with approaches that rely on digital media and software for the creation of architectural space. The depicted projects are part of a ‘work in progress’ process, with a recent studio that is set up to apply the so far accumulated experiences. Within the projects, focus is on those design phases where the applied media and methodology is changed and where the back and forth between different media and the depth of their implementation is perceptible in, and / or has a significant influence on the design itself. Through a line of successive experiments, the paper explains the development of a possible method that utilizes a variety of today’s accessible tools in architecture, making use of phenomena that appear when changing from one tool to another. Goal is to avoid limitations that are existent by the solely employment of one media or method, and to understand the fusion between different media as an inspiring momentum to develop the design further. The paper draws a line from an initially experienced and analyzed design method over several projects in practice and academia to conclude with a possible design method that could be established successfully in both fields of architectural teaching and practice. Initial experiences had been drawn from professional practice, in which the digital realm was limited to a support device of the design process. The first project that is described in the paper, explored the employment of digital media as a possible tool to drive the design process in a broader sense. The studio setting was organized as a laboratory for the exploration of the change of applied media. Focus was on the influence on the design progress. The design method required of the studios participants was not exclusively based on an architectural program, but on an initial, very conceptual process with an artistic approach, based on personal experiences of each participant. This was meant to detach the students entirely from architectural processes and mindsets they had picked up so far. Parallel to that kind of an intellectual process, studio participants learned to handle Maya as the 3D modeling software of their choice. Both the technical knowledge and the artistic projects were merged in a second project phase, in which participants had to further develop their work by applying a very effective mix of various design tools. Using digital media as a parametric design generator, subsequent projects were developed. The task for the designers here were to decide what kind of algorithm could be applied to which process and when it was to be stopped for the best result. Applying such an automatism successfully to the design process, the employment of traditional media and methodology remained, to adapt the digital driven schemes to the required design task. The diverse design experiments demonstrate important aspects when merging complex design and animation software with traditional design processes. To achieve good architectural design results, all examined projects showed that traditional design methods with its physical models are hardly replaceable to its full extent by other media, but digital media are able to strengthen design processes and invite designers to explore new means of design work.
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id caadria2007_625
id caadria2007_625
authors Schnabel, Marc Aurel
year 2007
title Rethinking Urban Parameters
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2007.x.i5r
source CAADRIA 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Nanjing (China) 19-21 April 2007
summary This paper describes an urban design studio that explored digital methods of design thinking, expression, form finding and communication. It reports on the goals and outcomes of the studio and the educational approach is portrayed: the way urban design tools can make use of parametric design methods, and the process and outcomes of the studio. It discusses implications on design education as well as understanding and communicating of complex design tasks that are digitally responsive to a variety of parameters. The studio continues a series of investigations that explore parametric design methods in architectural design.
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id cf2007_237
id cf2007_237
authors Schnabel, Marc Aurel
year 2007
title Parametric Designing in Architecture
source Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / 978-1-4020-6527-9 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / 978-1-4020-6527-9] Sydney (Australia) 11–13 July 2007, pp. 237-250
summary Parametric design techniques offer obvious advantages for engineering and manufacturing processes, now architects emerge to apply these methods in their creation of design suggesting solutions at an earlier stage of the process. Through the coupling of architectural design with parametric modelling methods, the paper presents novel techniques that enhance architects' contribution to building processes based on parametric design creation. This allows a deeper comprehension of the design objectives and aids designers in their decisions to find solutions.
series CAAD Futures
email
last changed 2007/07/06 12:47

_id 032e
id 032e
authors Schnabel, Marc Aurel; Bowller, Nicole
year 2007
title Disparallel Spaces
source Exhibition Catalogue, Tin Sheds Gallery at The Faculty of Architecture, Design and Planning, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia, ISBN: 978-0-9581221-1-5
summary DISPARALLEL SPACES is an architectural design exhibition showcasing creative digital design techniques at the Tin Sheds Gallery, Sydney, 24 May to 16 June 2007. It explores how the coupling of architectural design with digital modelling and fabrication methods allows for a deeper comprehension and experience of space and form. It confronts problems in architectural design from a diversity of multi-faceted and eccentric approaches, setting the trend for novel viewpoints of innovation and spatial design. It offers a unique opportunity to experience the digitalized future in the field of architecture. Work by Bachelor of Architecture students, curated by Damien Butler, Belinda Cowen, Patrick Keane, Zayad Motlib and Dr Marc Aurel Schnabel.
keywords parametric design, scripting, algorithmic design, exhibition
series book
type normal paper
email
more http://disparallelspaces.tk/
last changed 2007/12/17 05:33

_id acadia07_032
id acadia07_032
authors Sijpkes, Pieter and Theodore, David
year 2007
title The New Architecture of Phase Change: Speculations on Ice Rapid Prototyping
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2007.032
source Expanding Bodies: Art • Cities• Environment [Proceedings of the 27th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture / ISBN 978-0-9780978-6-8] Halifax (Nova Scotia) 1-7 October 2007, 32-39
summary The paper presents speculative avenues for constructing 3-D ice models at various scales using traditional fabricating methods and modern CNC and rapid-prototyping techniques. Canada has a long history of using ice and snow for the construction of houses (igloo), ice palaces, and ice roads, in some cases dating back thousands of years. These techniques will be reviewed and evaluated for their suitability in modern uses. Computer-driven ice imaging and production methods present many opportunities and challenges. On the software side, we will speculate on how to use parametric software for form-finding; on the hardware side, we will reflect on how to translate these models into task planning for ice-building machines. Initially, these machines will be off-the-shelf robots and rapid prototyping machines, but we envision using specially constructed “cold irons,” “re-icing” robots, and automatic “ice bricklaying” machines. Vapour deposition on a substrate is envisioned as well. An overview of the design and adaptation of water delivery systems, through drip or spray nozzles, as well as methods of cooling water through natural or artificial means will be given. The role of additives (for colour and / or strength) will be outlined.
series ACADIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:56

_id ijac20075109
id ijac20075109
authors Jachna, Timothy J.; Santo, Y.; Schadewitz, N.
year 2007
title Deep Space
source International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 5 - no. 1, pp. 146-160
summary The work described here explores the problem of how digital technologies can enrich the experience of spatiality and social interaction in space(s). An existing café space at the School of Design of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University is linked to a "twin" in the form of an online-accessible environment. Sensors and displays establish channels of communication between the virtual and the physical space, enabling on-site visitors to the café and online visitors to the website to share a spatial experience. The article explains the design of modes of communication between the spaces, outlining the theory and genesis of the project and discussing issues and principles in the design and realization of such spaces, including the interplay between the three-dimensionality of the physical space and the two-dimensional picture-plane-based monitor interface through which the website is experienced, as well as strategies for the transmission of spatial experience within the constraints of commonly-available hardware and software.
series journal
email
last changed 2007/06/14 12:11

_id jemtrud02_paper_eaea07
id jemtrud02_paper_eaea07
authors Jemtrud, Michael
year 2008
title Emerging Technologies in a Participatory Design Studio_between Carleton University and Pennsylvania State University
source Proceedings of the 8th European Architectural Endoscopy Association Conference
summary As a preliminary report on a proof-of-concept design studio conducted during the spring semester of 2007 between the Carleton Immersive Media Studio (CIMS) at Carleton University in Ottawa and the Immersive Environment Laboratory (IEL) at Pennsylvania State University, the paper first describes the implementation of this network-centric collaborative design platform. The report articulates the “staging” of the conditions of possibility for a dynamic interplay between technological mediation and the reality of making, then compares the use of high bandwidth technology with customized symmetrical toolsets in the tele-collaborative educational environment, versus commercial toolsets deployed over moderate bandwidth connections. In each setting, the collaborative environment is assessed according to issues encountered by students and design outcomes. The effectiveness of the digitally mediated collaborative studio is also gauged in terms of student reaction to the learning process via feedback surveys and questionnaires.
keywords design, collaboration, tele-presence, visualization, broadband
series EAEA
email
more http://info.tuwien.ac.at/eaea
last changed 2008/04/29 20:46

_id ijac20097205
id ijac20097205
authors Muramoto, Katsuhiko; Jemtrud, Michael; Kumar, Sonali; Balakrishnan, Bimal; Wiley, Danielle
year 2009
title A Cyber-Enabled Collaborative Design Studio
source International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 7 - no. 2, 267-288
summary The research project investigates the use of a network-enabled platform involving a combination of technologies. As a preliminary report on a proof-of-concept design studio conducted in 2007 between Carleton University and Pennsylvania State University, the paper first describes the implementation of this network-centric collaborative design platform. The report articulates the “staging” of the conditions of possibility for a dynamic interplay between technological mediation and the reality of making, then compares the use of high bandwidth technology with customized symmetrical toolsets in the telecollaborative environment, versus commercial toolsets deployed over moderate bandwidth connections. In each setting, the collaborative environment is assessed according to issues encountered by students and design outcomes. The effectiveness of the digitally mediated collaborative studio is also gauged in terms of student reaction to the learning process via feedback surveys and questionnaires.
series journal
last changed 2009/08/11 08:39

_id ascaad2007_002
id ascaad2007_002
authors Abdellatif, R. and C. Calderon
year 2007
title SecondLife: A Computer-Mediated Tool for Distance-Learning in Architecture Education?
source Em‘body’ing Virtual Architecture: The Third International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2007), 28-30 November 2007, Alexandria, Egypt, pp. 17-34
summary Despite the importance of distance learning for its ability to reach a wide audience, easiness to access materials, and its lower cost compared to traditional learning, architecture education has not been well served by distance education. This is because it has a higher level of learning objectives, it is taught by coaching methodologies, and involves nonverbal forms of communication. One of the most common learning methods used in the design studio is the Criticism/Critique, which is a graphic and oral type of communication between the tutor and the students. In this investigation, Second Life, a massive multi-user online virtual environment that offers three-dimensional spatial capabilities via Avatars impersonation, is used as a computer-mediated tool for text and graphic-based communication in a distance learning situation. The study describes a demonstration experiment where students had to communicate with their tutor, display and describe their projects at a distance, in a purposely designed criticism space in SecondLife. The main objective of this paper is to observe and document the effects and the use of SecondLife virtual environment as an online 3D graphical-based tool of computer-mediated communication in distance learning in architecture education. The study also answers some questions: How well did the students use the tools of the medium provide? Was there a sense of personal communication and realism gained through using Avatars in the virtual environment? Did SecondLife provide a successful means of communication for a graphic-based context? And what are the students’ opinions about the learning environment? Using multiple methods of data collection, mainly based on an electronic observation of the experiment, questioning the participants before and after the experiment, and the analysis of the chat transcripts, the study presents descriptive results of the experiment, and discusses its main features. Proposals for modifications are made for future replications.
series ASCAAD
email
last changed 2008/01/21 22:00

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