CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id caadria2007_585
id caadria2007_585
authors Menegotto, José Luis
year 2007
title The Nazca Lines and their Digital Architectural Representation
source CAADRIA 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Nanjing (China) 19-21 April 2007
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2007.x.r9m
summary This paper relates to a digital architectural design experience in 2005 for the Nazca Competition. Nazca is an archaeological site situated about 400 kilometers south of Lima, Peru. It is a large desert with gigantic millenary geoglyphs carved on the surface, which can only be seen clearly from above. The Nazca geoglyphs are made up of hundreds of lines, spirals and triangular plazas, as well as zoomorphic figures like birds, fish, spider, etc. The Nazca Competition asked for an observatory-lodge of approximately 1.000m2 with 20 rooms, communal bathrooms, supporting areas and an observatory tower of at least 100 meters. The observatory-lodge was designed using a digital representation technique called "Genetically Constructed Structures". The structure was created using the geometric principle of the affinity of two conic sections: circle and ellipse. The form was produced transforming the circle and the ellipse by performing basic geometric transformations (translation, rotation, reflection and scaling). According to this technique, the sequence of transformations was codified in the form of an alphanumerical string, metaphorically named the "DNA structure". The code was inserted as extended data into the entities which shaped the structure profiles. The algorithms were programmed with AutoLISP language. The "DNA code" allowed the structure to be constructed and deconstructed from any point, generating many different forms, to be studied and compared. One year later, the same 3D model was used to test another digital technology called "musical box" where their geometrical points are captured, read and translated into musical parameters, generating music. In this paper we will present the graphical form of the tower as well as the music associated.
series CAADRIA
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id cf2007_317
id cf2007_317
authors Mitchell, John; Justin Wong and Jim Plume
year 2007
title Design Collaboration Using IFC
source Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / 978-1-4020-6527-9 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / 978-1-4020-6527-9] Sydney (Australia) 11–13 July 2007, pp. 317-329
summary This paper reports a study that has been undertaken as part of an on-going project to examine the capacity of building information modelling (BIM) techniques to support collaborative design in the building industry. In particular, our premise is that effective design collaboration relies on the ability to exchange BIM data in a robust way using an open information standard such as IFC. The focus of this present work has been on the processes involved in design collaboration between architects and engineers responsible for advising on thermal performance issues. We begin by looking at the kinds of data that needs to be exchanged to support such collaboration. We then test the exchange using a pilot project model and finally review the capacity of the IFC standard to support such processes.
series CAAD Futures
email
last changed 2007/07/06 12:47

_id cf2007_071
id cf2007_071
authors Vande Moere, Andrew
year 2007
title Aesthetic Data Visualization as a Resource for Educating Creative Design
source Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / 978-1-4020-6527-9 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / 978-1-4020-6527-9] Sydney (Australia) 11–13 July 2007, pp. 71-84
summary Data visualization is usually considered an expert field reserved for the computer science or data analysis specialist. In contrast, in this paper we argue that the approaches and theories from data visualization can form a rich contextual resource for teaching creative design principles to students. A conceptual data mapping model is proposed that describes a continuum between ‘traditional’ data visualization applications and more artistically inclined works of ‘visualization art’. This model is useful to clarify conceptual relationships between different visualization design approaches, ranging from traditional data representation applications over to ambient displays to visualization art experiences. This exchange of insights from related scientific and artistic fields forms the foundation for potential collaboration initiatives in research or educational contexts. Subsequently, this aesthetic data visualization model is explained and illustrated by various student works accomplished in several creative design visualization course units.
series CAAD Futures
email
last changed 2007/07/06 12:47

_id sigradi2007_af76
id sigradi2007_af76
authors Dimenstein Koatz, Gilson
year 2007
title Documentation and production of 3D information for Architecture, Urbanism and Archeology [Documentação e Produção de Informação Tridimensional para a Pesquisa em Arquitetura, Urbanismo e Arqueologia]
source SIGraDi 2007 - [Proceedings of the 11th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] México D.F. - México 23-25 October 2007, pp. 336-339
summary Close Range Photogrammetry received an impulse in direction of simplification and cost reduction when new software allowed the use of “off the shelf” cameras instead of high priced, sophisticated and rare metric cameras and the images captured by this simpler equipment begin to be scanned and treated by personal computers and plotted on simpler printers instead of the old and very expensive mechanical or analytical plotters.
keywords Close range photogrammetry; architecture; urbanism; archeology; 3D documentation
series SIGRADI
type normal paper
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:50

_id caadria2019_663
id caadria2019_663
authors Gaudilliere, Nadja
year 2019
title Towards an History of Computational Tools in Automated Architectural Design - The Seroussi Pavilion Competition as a Case Study
source M. Haeusler, M. A. Schnabel, T. Fukuda (eds.), Intelligent & Informed - Proceedings of the 24th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, 15-18 April 2019, pp. 581-590
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2019.2.581
summary The present research proposes a method to analyse computational tools at the architect's disposal and the potential technical bias they induce in architectural design. Six case studies will be used as a demonstration of the method's ability to highlight those biases and how architects and designers manipulate those tools to translate their architectural expertise into algorithmic design. Those case studies are the six answers to the Seroussi Pavilion competition, organized in 2007 by Natalie Seroussi, a Parisian gallery owner. Having a keen interest into computational design, she invited six architectural practices specializing in this field. As the six case studies answer the same design brief, it represents a particularly suitable opportunity to analyse the intricate relationship between architectural constraints, their translation into computational data and instructions and the programming tools used to do so. Through the analysis of four different aspects of the project - algorithmic tools/method, computational set-up, organizational chart and architectural design - several issues of the computational turn in architecture are discussed.
keywords digital heritage; computational design tools; architectural constraints; programming-based spatial design; Seroussi pavilion competition
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:51

_id caadria2007_249
id caadria2007_249
authors Nicholas, Paul; Mark Burry
year 2007
title Import As: Interpretation and Precision Tools
source CAADRIA 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Nanjing (China) 19-21 April 2007
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2007.x.g6n
summary This paper presents research on the relationship between digital tools and design communication, focussing on the interaction between architectural and lighting design. Early design integration often involves negotiating between different levels of resolution to inform a design that is still in formation, and part of the challenge is doing so in a manner appropriate to that phase of exploration. This paper describes some of the technical and social issues of translation and reports a project in which a generative design process supported the interaction between architectural design and lighting analysis; domains in which geometry is not necessarily a common ground.
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id caadria2007_611
id caadria2007_611
authors Arpornwicharnop, Kittisak; Pinyo Jinuntuya and Pizzanu Kanongchaiyos
year 2007
title Simulation Software Development for Urban Landscape Possibility Analysis
source CAADRIA 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Nanjing (China) 19-21 April 2007
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2007.x.u9u
summary This research paper proposes a simulation software development for possibility analysis of urban landscape development project. Normally, analysis of land potentiality and feasibility study for investment are necessary pre-processed for supporting urban planning, developing and architectural designing. However, most available tools are usually tailor made for each process individually, causing difficulties in information interchange between each processes. In this research, we propose a policy making support system for urban planning project development providing several functions such as testing land use and its physical character which are important to urban expansion and architectural design based on impact analysis of urban comprehensive plan. The proposed integrated system consists of a topological analysis module, constraint checking module and geographical information processing module. First, Geographical information stored in 3D graphic file format is converted to object-oriented data model and stored in a database. With several constraint and regulations, the stored information is then checked in the landscape topological analysis module. In evaluation process, the developed software is tested with geographical information of Bangkok area under constraints and regulations of Building Control Act of Thailand. While controlling building properties, the software can model the buildings and generate urban physical character. The result is then checked by several urban landscape planning experts. Experimental result shows that proposed system provides flexibility in information interchanging with constraints and regulations updating without system reconfiguration. The system also provides internet accessing for public participation in the process of making urban comprehensive plan.
series CAADRIA
type normal paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id ecaade2008_055
id ecaade2008_055
authors Beirão, José; Duarte, José; Stouffs, Rudi
year 2008
title Structuring a Generative Model for Urban Design: Linking GIS to Shape Grammars
source Architecture in Computro [26th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-7-2] Antwerpen (Belgium) 17-20 September 2008, pp. 929-938
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2008.929
summary Urban Design processes need to adopt flexible and adaptive procedures to respond to the evolving demands of the contemporary city. To support such dynamic processes, a specific design methodology and a supporting tool are needed. This design methodology considers the development of a design system rather than a single design solution. It is based on patterns and shape grammars. The idea is to link the descriptions of each pattern to specific shape rules inducing the generation of formal solutions that satisfy the pattern. The methodology explores, from the urban designer point of view, the capacity of a shape grammar to codify and generate urban form (Duarte et al, 2007). This paper defines the ontology of urban entities to build on a GIS platform the topology describing the various components of the city structure. By choosing different sets of patterns the designer defines his vision for a specific context. The patterns are explicated into shape rules that encode the designer’s interpretation of the pattern, and operate on this ontology of urban entities generating solutions that satisfy the pattern’s concept. Some examples of the topological relations are shown.
keywords Patterns, shape grammars, ontology, generative urban design
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id ecaade2007_094
id ecaade2007_094
authors Buattour, Mohamed; Halin, Gilles; Bignon, Jean Claude
year 2007
title Management system for a Virtual Cooperative Project
source Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 125-131
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.125
summary The paper presents on-going research aimed at the support of the management of building projects and the aid cooperative design. Today, The use of systems adapted to the cooperative design assistance for the building domain is complex. This results from the complexity of the cooperative work (difficulties in tracking actor’s work, lack of most of the required information, coordination problems, implicit nature of most of the construction activities etc.) The paper will briefly review two data exchanging modes that we had defined. After, on the basis of this concept of cooperative design we describe a new model of a virtual environment aimed to takes into account the relational organization of the project and the semantic meaning of works. This research represents a new approach because it not based on management of documents but on all data relative to works. Finally, we use this new model for defining a design-aided tool, to deduce advantages and limits of the “Virtual Cooperative Project”. This system lets geographically dispersed project actors model the project context of a building. More specifically, it allows interpreting, using and exchanging project works in a centralized virtual environment during the building life cycle. This system uses IFC objects which associate in the same model the semantic and the 3D representation of building works.
keywords Cooperation model, cooperative work design, project management, digital mock-up
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id ijac20075202
id ijac20075202
authors El-Hakim, Sabry; Gonzo, Lorenzo; Voltolini, Francesca; Girardi, Stefano; Rizzi, Alessandro; Remondino, Fabio; Whiting, Emily
year 2007
title Detailed 3D Modelling of Castles
source International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 5 - no. 2, pp. 200-220
summary Digitally documenting complex heritage sites such as castles is a desirable yet difficult task with no established framework. Although 3D digitizing and modelling with laser scanners, Photogrammetry, and computer aided architectural design (CAAD) are maturing, each alone is inadequate to model an entire castle in details. We present a sequential approach that combines multiple techniques, each where best suited, to capture and model the fine geometric detail of castles. We provide new contributions in several areas: an effective workflow for castle 3D modelling, increasing the level of automation and the seamless integration of models created independently from different data sets. We tested the approach on various castles in Northern Italy and the results demonstrated that it is effective, accurate, and creates highly detailed models suitable for interactive visualization. It is also equally applicable to other types of large complex architectures.
series journal
last changed 2007/08/29 16:23

_id ecaade2012_278
id ecaade2012_278
authors Gu, Ning ; de Vries, Bauke
year 2012
title Two Approaches to Implementing BIM in Architectural Curricula
source Achten, Henri; Pavlicek, Jiri; Hulin, Jaroslav; Matejovska, Dana (eds.), Digital Physicality - Proceedings of the 30th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1 / ISBN 978-9-4912070-2-0, Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Architecture (Czech Republic) 12-14 September 2012, pp. 39-48
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2012.1.039
wos WOS:000330322400003
summary BIM is an IT-enabled approach that supports enhanced design integrity, efficiency and quality through the distributed access, exchange and maintenance of building data (Haymaker and Suter, 2007; Fischer and Kunz, 2004). More recently, many universities have responded to the adoption of BIM in the profession, by gradually introducing the practice into the curricula (i.e. Cory and Schmelter-Morret, 2012; Ibrahim, 2007; Plume and Mitchell, 2007). Focusing on collaboration – one of the most important aspects of BIM, this paper presents two approaches to implementing BIM in architectural curricula with a focus on collaboration but from two different collaboration scales. Through observation and refl ection of these two approaches to teaching BIM, the paper concludes by discussing BIM curriculum design.
keywords Building Information Modelling (BIM); curriculum design; case studies
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:51

_id caadria2007_203
id caadria2007_203
authors Heidrich, Felix; Peter Russell and Thomas Stachelhaus
year 2007
title Intervision3D: Online 3D Visualisation and Conferencing
source CAADRIA 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Nanjing (China) 19-21 April 2007
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2007.x.l3p
summary The use of Internet communication technologies in distributed teams has been carried out for well over 10 years. In this time, various methods to communicate and transfer information have been developed. A large amount of effort has been placed on enabling normal conversation to take place and it could be said, that with technologies like Skype, this is established. This enables planning partners to discuss, but we still need to convey what they are discussing. In short, the contents are still lacking. Technologies exist to allow users to share files or images, however this does not nearly reach the intensity or quality of discussions when partners are sitting together in front of a drawing or model. At best, screen sharing allows participants to see the same image but with low resolution and bad system response. The goal of the Intervision3D project is to allow distributed team members to discuss design issues with a common 3D model where participants can manipulate the model together in real time. In contrast to screen-sharing solutions, the Intervision3D project uses a server, which delivers a copy of the model to each conference participant. The server then coordinates the perspective views of all conference participants. One of the participants (usually the first) is initially designated as the speaker and he or she controls the views of the model through an intuitive walk/fly-through interface. The speed of the system is also buttressed by the simplicity of the application: as a Java applet, it is possible to start the Intervision3D system in any browser or as a separate applet on any system. As such, none of the participants need to install anything. The resolution of the model is optimized for each participant's browser and computer display. Currently, Intervision3D can import .3ds files and then render them using the JOGL Engine (Java Bindings for Open GL). JOGL allows the full Open GL suite to be used in rendering the model including lighting and textures: even normal PCs can do this quite well. The first implementation of the system is within an existing internet-based Design Studio and the paper elucidates how the first uses of the system have (partially) helped to increase the exchange of design ideas over the Internet. Through the Intervison3D system, the participants who have been separated by distance can once again discuss the same 3D model.
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id ecaade2007_159
id ecaade2007_159
authors Heidrich, Felix; Russell, Peter; Stachelhaus, Thomas
year 2007
title Intervision3D: Online 3D Visualisation and Conferencing
source Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 757-764
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.757
summary The use of Internet communication technologies in distributed teams has been carried out for well over 10 years. In this time, various methods to communicate and transfer information have been developed. A large amount of effort has been placed on enabling normal conversation to take place and it could be said, that with technologies like Skype, this is established. This enables planning partners to discuss, but we still need to convey what they are discussing. In short, the contents are still lacking. Technologies exist to allow users to share files or images, however this does not nearly reach the intensity or quality of discussions when partners are sitting together in front of a drawing or model. At best, screen sharing allows participants to see the same image but with low resolution and bad system response. The goal of the project is to allow distributed team members to discuss design issues with a common 3D model where participants can manipulate the model together in real time.. The speed of the system is also buttressed by the simplicity of the application: as a Java applet, it is possible to start the Intervision3D system in any browser or as a separate applet on any system. Files can be imported and then rendered using the JOGL Engine (Java Bindings for Open GL). JOGL allows the full Open GL suite to be used in rendering the model including lighting and textures: even normal PCs can do this quite well. The first implementation of the system is within an existing internet-based Design Studio and the paper elucidates how the first uses of the system have (partially) helped to increase the exchange of design ideas over the Internet.
keywords Virtual design studio, shared models, CSCW
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:49

_id cf2007_167
id cf2007_167
authors Herr, Christiane M.; Justyna Karakiewicz
year 2007
title ALGOGRAM: Automated Diagrams for an Architectural Design Studio
source Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / 978-1-4020-6527-9 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / 978-1-4020-6527-9] Sydney (Australia) 11–13 July 2007, pp. 167-180
summary Building on a previously presented theoretical model for the integration of cellular automata into the design process, this paper introduces cellular automata as architectural design process support in the form of automated conceptual diagrams. This approach is the outcome of a series of successive software implementations, which are briefly outlined in terms of key features and observations made during their applications. The main part of the paper focuses on Algogram, the latest implementation, and its application in a second year design studio. The integrated concept of abstract representations, automated design exploration and individual interpretation is introduced as automated diagram.
series CAAD Futures
email
last changed 2007/07/06 12:47

_id ecaade2007_098
id ecaade2007_098
authors Heylighen, Ann; Neuckermans, Herman; Wolpers, Martin; Casaer, Mathias; Duval, Erik
year 2007
title Sharing and Enriching Metadata in Architectural Repositories
source Predicting the Future [25th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-6-5] Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 26-29 September 2007, pp. 401-408
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.401
summary All over the world, students and teachers in architecture have been developing learning materials in various digital formats. Unfortunately, the material is not shared across school boundaries, and thus not exploited to its full extent. Mostly, technical and organisational limitations hamper the sharing and exchange of learning material, although this would benefit the global community of students and teachers in architecture. This paper presents a recently launched EU-initiative called MACE—Metadata for Architectural Contents in Europe—which aims at creating a European-wide space for the electronic descriptions of architectural information to be used in architectural education. The idea is to exchange and enhance the metadata of as many as possible digital repositories in order to allow searches by distant partners. Real access conditions to the data still remain those specific for each repository. By describing and discussing this initiative in its early stage, the paper aims to benefit from the exchange of ideas and experiences with similar initiatives, and to trigger the interest of new repository owners to join MACE.
keywords Digital repositories, metadata, architecture
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id caadria2007_337
id caadria2007_337
authors Ho, Ting-Fung
year 2007
title The Spatial Interpretation of Freehand Sketch – Using Programming and Rapid Prototyping
source CAADRIA 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Nanjing (China) 19-21 April 2007
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2007.x.l6q
summary Freehand sketching has always been used in the conceptual design process. The importance of freehand sketching lies in its ability to freely represent various ambiguous drawing projections. This research implements a convenient sketch interpretation system called Spatial Charcoal to aid in the conceptual design process. The system interprets a designer’s sketch, generates a relative digital model and then fabricates it using a rapid prototyping machine.
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id caadria2007_411
id caadria2007_411
authors Hu, Youpei; Wowo Ding and Gang Yuan
year 2007
title The Adjacency Topological Model for Housing Layout and Its Generating Algorithm, Based on the Case Study of Chinese Apartment Layouts Since 90s
source CAADRIA 2007 [Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Nanjing (China) 19-21 April 2007
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2007.x.r9v
summary Our research deals with the problem of space layout planning and chooses the Chinese apartment layouts_since 90s_ as our case study objects. A new kind of data structure for building layouts is proposed which records the adjacency topological information of layouts. The most important quality of our model is that its phenotype corresponds to our visual perception about space layouts which makes possible the morphological analysis and layouts generation. Based on constraint satisfaction techniques the Generating Algorithm focused on enumerating all the possible topology models, under the constraints of program for a new housing layout design. A case study is presented before the conclusion is given.
series CAADRIA
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id sigradi2007_af103
id sigradi2007_af103
authors Juarez Moara, Santos Franco; Luciana Silva Salgado
year 2007
title Conception and analysis of structural system of membrane in 3DS Max and SAP2000 [Concepção e análise de sistema estrutural de membrana em 3DS Max e SAP2000]
source SIGraDi 2007 - [Proceedings of the 11th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] México D.F. - México 23-25 October 2007, pp. 58-63
summary This paper presents the limitations and the potentialities of the joint job of the programs 3DS MAX and SAP2000 in the conception and analysis of structural system of membrane. The modeling for method of the dependent surfaces of curves NURBS was compared with surfaces defined for mathematical expressions in 3DS MAX; the creative potentialities of the clones, the stacks of modifiers and extension MATH MAX had been collated with the restrictions of project, as well as presented data-exchange procedures for simulation of efforts in SAP2000.
keywords CAE; Membrane; 3DS Max; Math Max; SAP 2000
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:53

_id ascaad2007_007
id ascaad2007_007
authors Kaka, Ammar; Yahaya Ibrahim, Timothy Lukins and Emanuele Trucco
year 2007
title The Development of an Automated Progress Measurement System for Construction Work Packages
source Em‘body’ing Virtual Architecture: The Third International Conference of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2007), 28-30 November 2007, Alexandria, Egypt, pp. 81-86
summary The challenges associated with collecting accurate data on the progress of construction have long been recognised. Traditional methods often involve human judgment, high costs, and are too infrequent to provide managers with timely and accurate control data. The aim of this study is to propose a prototype system that employs Computer Vision (CV) techniques to report on progress for components supplied from an integrated Building Information Model (BIM). This model stores and relates this feedback to a representation of the work breakdown structure (WBS) that assigns components to work packages. In this paper we present an overview of the actual system – from the theoretical and technical challenges encountered.
series ASCAAD
type normal paper
email
last changed 2021/07/16 10:35

_id sigradi2007_af53
id sigradi2007_af53
authors Klinger, Kevin R.
year 2007
title Information Exchange in Digitally Driven Architecture [El intercambio de información en arquitectura generada digitalmente]
source SIGraDi 2007 - [Proceedings of the 11th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] México D.F. - México 23-25 October 2007, pp. 300-304
summary Digital technology has altered modes of architectural production. Software enables architects to create complex digital models and exchange information used to envision, evaluate, simulate, fabricate, and assemble architecture. Digital technology is serving as the key agent for innovation in design, fabrication, and construction. This paper will articulate shifting skill sets necessary for digitally driven architecture and make the case for encouraging effective means of communication and information exchange through case study illustrations and presentation of a specific project developed at Ball State University’s Institute for Digital Fabrication and the Center for Media Design.
keywords Digital exchange; master model; digital fabrication; immersive learning
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:54

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