CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id cdc2008_035
id cdc2008_035
authors Fiamma, Paolo
year 2008
title D.I.G.I.T.A.L. Defining Internal Goals In The Architectural Landscape
source First International Conference on Critical Digital: What Matters(s)? - 18-19 April 2008, Harvard University Graduate School of Design, Cambridge (USA), pp. 35-40
summary The digital factor is a challenge to regain the meaning of Design on Architecture, in addition to evaluating its possible extension and transformations. Digital could be an answer for the actual needs of architectural design: Architecture should be digital because digital is profit. Digital could help to understand architectural design as ""verified conception"" through the concept of computational modelling: Architecture should be digital because digital goes in line and not against design tradition. Digital could enhance the didactic dimension, really important for students: Architecture should be digital because is actual. Digital offers cognitive and ontological value for the design and new skills for the designer: Architecture should be digital because digital is a catalyst of new and creativity. Digital reshapes constructed architecture introducing new aesthetic paradigms: Architecture should be digital because digital is the mental landscape as reference point for the actual theoretical phase of Architecture … There are several answers to the question: “Why Architecture should be digital?”, but without rigor and critical dimension cannot be any digital benefit in architectural landscape, and the main risk could be that the “representation” prevails over ""the fact"".
email
last changed 2009/01/07 08:05

_id caadria2008_26_session3b_213
id caadria2008_26_session3b_213
authors Figen Gül, Leman
year 2008
title Affordances of Virtual environments Do design media change the interaction with the design representation?
source CAADRIA 2008 [Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Chiang Mai (Thailand) 9-12 April 2008, pp. 213-220
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2008.213
summary The paper focuses on characterising design environments and on identifying design behaviour in different collaborative virtual environments and discusses the behaviour change based on the affordances theory. In this paper, we present two designers collaborating over three different design environments and report a comparison of those environments with face-to-face (FTF) sketching, using protocol analysis. The analysis of the protocol shows that different virtual environments provide different affordances.
keywords Affordances, collaborative virtual environments, design collaboration, protocol analysis
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id ddss2008-21
id ddss2008-21
authors Horeni, Oliver; T.A. Arentze, H.J.P. Timmermans, and B.G.C. Dellaert
year 2008
title INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES FOR MEASURINGINDIVIDUALS’ MENTAL REPRESENTATIONSSPACE-TIME CHOICESAn outline of three IT-based survey methods
source H.J.P. Timmermans, B. de Vries (eds.) 2008, Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, ISBN 978-90-6814-173-3, University of Technology Eindhoven, published on CD
summary A better exploration of human decision making is a necessary condition to understand individual activity-travel choices. With the advent of mental model theory a conceptual framework of individuals’ causal knowledge of the environment and its links to the behavioural choice outcome was available. Accordingly, interview techniques had been developed in order to elicit mental representations from individuals’ mind. Although these techniques delivered reliable and useful results, it turned out quickly, that they could not be applied to large-scale surveys. Hence, this paper will report on the development of three IT-based interview techniques, which are promising avenues to measure mental representations in an efficient and flexible way.
keywords Activity-travel choice, Mental representations, Electronic surveying
series DDSS
last changed 2008/09/01 17:06

_id ddss2008-36
id ddss2008-36
authors Burger, J.; R.P. de Graaf, and G.J. Helmerhorst
year 2008
title Dynamic Actor Network Steering And ControlManaging Actor Networks In The Construction Process
source H.J.P. Timmermans, B. de Vries (eds.) 2008, Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, ISBN 978-90-6814-173-3, University of Technology Eindhoven, published on CD
keywords Multi-actor, network planning, critical path, linear programming
series DDSS
last changed 2008/09/01 17:06

_id ddss2008-24
id ddss2008-24
authors Chaabouni, S.; J.C. Bignon and G. Halin
year 2008
title Luminous ambience designNavigation and reasoning by photographic images forformulation of intentions
source H.J.P. Timmermans, B. de Vries (eds.) 2008, Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, ISBN 978-90-6814-173-3, University of Technology Eindhoven, published on CD
summary In order to assist daylight ambience design by referential procedures, we propose in this article an analysis of the modalities of reference activity in the field of architectural design. We have identified three different activities: selecting a potential reference, projection of the reference in the project, integration of the reference into the project, allowing intentions formulation. We have used the results of this analysis to propose navigation modes adapted to an exploitation of image references in design, in order to develop a tool supporting the formulation of luminous ambience intention. The purpose here is to inform on exploratory progress more than to communicate attested results.
keywords Luminous ambience, Design, Reasoning, References, Navigation, intentions formulation
series DDSS
last changed 2008/09/01 17:06

_id ecaade2015_265
id ecaade2015_265
authors Hosey, Shannon; Beorkrem, Christopher, Damiano, Ashley, Lopez, Rafael and McCall, Marlena
year 2015
title Digital Design for Disassembly
source Martens, B, Wurzer, G, Grasl T, Lorenz, WE and Schaffranek, R (eds.), Real Time - Proceedings of the 33rd eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, 16-18 September 2015, pp. 371-382
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2015.2.371
wos WOS:000372316000043
summary The construction and building sector is now widely known to be one of the biggest energy consumers, carbon emitters, and creators of waste. Some architectural agendas for sustainability focus on energy efficiency of buildings that minimize their energy intake during their lifetime - through the use of more efficient mechanical systems or more insulative wall systems. One issue with these sustainability models is that they often ignore the hierarchy of energy within architectural design. The focus on the efficiency is but one aspect or system of the building assembly, when compared to the effectiveness of the whole, which often leads to ad-hoc ecology and results in the all too familiar “law of unintended consequences” (Merton, 1936). As soon as adhesive is used to connect two materials, a piece of trash is created. If designers treat material as energy, and want to use energy responsibly, they can prolong the lifetime of building material by designing for disassembly. By changing the nature of the physical relationship between materials, buildings can be reconfigured and repurposed all the while keeping materials out of a landfill. The use of smart joinery to create building assemblies which can be disassembled, has a milieu of new possibilities created through the use of digital manufacturing equipment. These tools afford designers and manufacturers the ability to create individual joints of a variety of types, which perform as well or better than conventional systems. The concept of design for disassembly is a recognizable goal of industrial design and manufacturing, but for Architecture it remains a novel approach. A classic example is Kieran Timberlake's Loblolly House, which employed material assemblies “that are detailed for on-site assembly as well as future disassembly and redeployment” (Flat, Inc, 2008). The use of nearly ubiquitous digital manufacturing tools helps designers create highly functional, precise and effective methods of connection which afford a building to be taken apart and reused or reassembled into alternative configurations or for alternative uses. This paper will survey alternative energy strategies made available through joinery using digital manufacturing and design methods, and will evaluate these strategies in their ability to create diassemblable materials which therefore use less energy - or minimize the entropy of energy over the life-cycle of the material.
series eCAADe
email
more https://mh-engage.ltcc.tuwien.ac.at/engage/ui/watch.html?id=4075520a-6fe7-11e5-bcc8-f7d564ea25ed
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id ddss2008-44
id ddss2008-44
authors Manzato, Gustavo G.; Theo A. Arentze, Harry J. P. Timmermans and Dick Ettema
year 2008
title An Agent for Supporting and Simulating Locations Decisions of Firms
source H.J.P. Timmermans, B. de Vries (eds.) 2008, Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, ISBN 978-90-6814-173-3, University of Technology Eindhoven, published on CD
summary The objective of this paper is to present the scope and the contents of an agent for supporting and simulating location decisions of firms. An application of one of its features, which is related to finding a location for a given firm, is developed here as an illustration of the approach. We can conclude that the agent is able to perform an evaluation of suitable locations in space given a set of firm’s characteristics or requirements. Other features may also be derived, for example, finding firms that meet the environmental characteristics and also an attempt to simulate the allocation of firms, seeking a location, to the set of available locations.
keywords Design & Decision Support Systems, Firm Location Decisions
series DDSS
last changed 2008/09/01 17:06

_id ddss2008-37
id ddss2008-37
authors Rodrigues, Daniel S.; Rui A.R. Ramos and José F.G. Mendes
year 2008
title Decision support system for university campus qualityof life evaluation based on users’ perceptionA case study applied to the Campus of the University of Minho
source H.J.P. Timmermans, B. de Vries (eds.) 2008, Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, ISBN 978-90-6814-173-3, University of Technology Eindhoven, published on CD
summary This paper presents the work that conduced to the development of an information system to evaluate and monitor university campi quality of life. The system embodies two main functions: to provide information to the community and to support campus planning and management. Using a scenario describing possible actions, some users evaluated how its implementation would interfere with the quality of life on the campus. Results showed that it would produce a global improvement, in comparison to the year of the study.
keywords University Campus, Quality of Life, Decision Support System
series DDSS
last changed 2008/09/01 17:06

_id ddss2008-19
id ddss2008-19
authors Varano, Sandro; J.C. Bignon and G. Halin
year 2008
title A three-dimensional map to help exploration andunderstanding of a buildingVisibility of the process of knowledge construction through traces
source H.J.P. Timmermans, B. de Vries (eds.) 2008, Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, ISBN 978-90-6814-173-3, University of Technology Eindhoven, published on CD
summary Through the use of existing digital tools, the research work consists of proposing a new 3D navigation mode based on systemic, practical and graphic assumptions. During the exploration of the Vianden Castle, we outline a graphic representation system as an aid to representation and memorization of archaeological and architectural knowledge. For this, we recompose some concepts related to video games, we materialize the “mental map” described by Patricia Marks Greenfield and we take into account the cognitive capacities of the learner.
keywords Archaeological and architectural heritage, 3D navigation, learning, video games, mental map
series DDSS
last changed 2008/09/01 17:06

_id ddss2008-14
id ddss2008-14
authors Zekri, Elyes; Gérard Hégron and Alain Legendre
year 2008
title Environmental Classification of Urban PedestrianWalkways
source H.J.P. Timmermans, B. de Vries (eds.) 2008, Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, ISBN 978-90-6814-173-3, University of Technology Eindhoven, published on CD
summary This work is developed in the framework of urban design where we try to understand, to characterize then to qualify the environmental quality of urban open spaces along pedestrian walkways. So, we propose an analysis and a classification method applied to pedestrian walkways, taking into account their environmental characteristics. Analysis method is based on Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) in which we exploit the detailed version of the signal representing the evolution of a physical factor of environment along the walkway. This method leads to a segmentation of the signal. Then, a classification technique called Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC) is performed to identify classes of walkways in terms of environmental features.
keywords Pedestrian walkways, physical factors of environment, wavelet, classification
series DDSS
last changed 2008/09/01 17:06

_id ecaade2008_127
id ecaade2008_127
authors Çagdas Durmazoglu, Mahmut; Çagdas, Gülen; Tong , Hakan
year 2008
title An Agent Based Approach for Evaluation of Free-Form Surfaces
source Architecture in Computro [26th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-7-2] Antwerpen (Belgium) 17-20 September 2008, pp. 405-412
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2008.405
summary Designers; architects and artists in general always proceed with one crucial goal in their mind when they design: to be able to materialize the scheme in their mind. There are some tools that can help designers to test their design to see if it will be successfully constructed or functioned as close as possible as the way they imagined or expected; visual simulation models in digital environments of the designs are such important tools for architectural design process, but these models does not provide enough data to determine the design’s applicability. Therefore, the need of a tool that would work with the designer in order to determine the possibility of whether the design could be built or not as the way designer imagined, is vital.
keywords Rain-flow analysis, performance analysis, agent systems, decision support system, free-form bodies
series eCAADe
type normal paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:57

_id ecaade2013_185
id ecaade2013_185
authors Zají_ková, Veronika and Achten, Henri
year 2013
title Landscape Information Modeling
source Stouffs, Rudi and Sariyildiz, Sevil (eds.), Computation and Performance – Proceedings of the 31st eCAADe Conference – Volume 2, Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, 18-20 September 2013, pp. 515-523
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2013.2.515
wos WOS:000340643600052
summary In this paper we report on a recently started PhD project in which we investigate the extension of the concept of “Building Information Model” (BIM) to the domain of landscape design. The potential benefits of BIM in the field of architecture have been reported many times (e.g., Ibrahim et al., 2004; Eastman et al., 2008; Abdelmohsen et al., 2011). However, in landscape design an information model in the way of BIM seems to be missing. Benefits of a Landscape Information Model would be (a) formalisation of knowledge in landscape design; (b) information model to support multiple participants in landscape design; (c) improved information exchange between landscape design, architecture, and urban design. In this paper we set out the basic outline of the research.
keywords BIM; landscape design; LIM.
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:57

_id ecaade2008_084
id ecaade2008_084
authors Alaçam Aslan, Sema; Çagdas, Gülen
year 2008
title An Interface Proposal for Collaborative Architectural Design Process
source Architecture in Computro [26th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-7-2] Antwerpen (Belgium) 17-20 September 2008, pp. 319-324
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2008.319
summary The aim of this paper is to explore how new technological opportunities affect approaches of designers during collaborative architectural design process. Which factors affect the communication and the quality of interaction? The study is based on two phases: the data input by the designer via devices to the computer environment and the transformation of data into design product in the software by scripting addition. Input devices that are used are 3D mouse, graphic tablet as a tangible interface and implementation of second mouse besides a standard mouse and keyboard. The potential usage of these interfaces in collaborative architectural design process is discussed and proposals are developed in 3ds max scripting environment.
keywords Collaborative design, human-computer interaction, user participation in design
series eCAADe
type normal paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id ecaade2008_123
id ecaade2008_123
authors Cenani, Sehnaz; Ça_da_, Gülen
year 2008
title Agent-Based System for Modeling User Behavior in Shopping Malls
source Architecture in Computro [26th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-7-2] Antwerpen (Belgium) 17-20 September 2008, pp. 635-642
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2008.635
summary Agent-based systems are being used as decision support systems for solving architectural design problems. Usually in design phase, user behavior is ignored by the designers. Therefore, after the construction, the users face difficulties in emergency situations and in daily usage. As a result, buildings become insufficient to respond to users’ needs and design goals of the building itself. Before construction, ability of testing the interactions between the building and its users is particularly important to solve the problems in early phases of the design. Hence, to design a building that functions better in certain situations and time loss decreases in the design process. For these reasons, the aim of this study is to develop a model to simulate users in shopping malls.
keywords User behavior, decision support systems, agent-based systems, simulation, shopping malls
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:55

_id ecaade2008_092
id ecaade2008_092
authors Hofmeyer, Herm; Kerstens, J.G.M.
year 2008
title A Bird’s-Eye View of Cyclic Spatial-Structural Transformations, Grammar Based Design, and Structural Optimization
source Architecture in Computro [26th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-7-2] Antwerpen (Belgium) 17-20 September 2008, pp. 483-492
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2008.483
summary Recently, in the research field of combined architecture and structural design, the idea of a so-called research engine has been developed. During its development, initially the intention was to develop a design-support tool, however, it now becomes clear that it may serve as a general framework for several applications. In this paper the new possibilities for the applications will be presented. As a result, a bird’s-eye view is developed on a set of applications that are often presented separately and without a larger framework in literature. In conclusion, several applications used for CAAD and CASD (Computer Aided Structural Design) can be seen as derivatives of a research engine. The other way round, the research engine can be modified and new applications may result.
keywords Generative design, Optimisation, Spatial Design, Structural Design, Automated design
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id cf2011_p109
id cf2011_p109
authors Abdelmohsen, Sherif; Lee Jinkook, Eastman Chuck
year 2011
title Automated Cost Analysis of Concept Design BIM Models
source Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 403-418.
summary AUTOMATED COST ANALYSIS OF CONCEPT DESIGN BIM MODELS Interoperability: BIM models and cost models This paper introduces the automated cost analysis developed for the General Services Administration (GSA) and the analysis results of a case study involving a concept design courthouse BIM model. The purpose of this study is to investigate interoperability issues related to integrating design and analysis tools; specifically BIM models and cost models. Previous efforts to generate cost estimates from BIM models have focused on developing two necessary but disjoint processes: 1) extracting accurate quantity take off data from BIM models, and 2) manipulating cost analysis results to provide informative feedback. Some recent efforts involve developing detailed definitions, enhanced IFC-based formats and in-house standards for assemblies that encompass building models (e.g. US Corps of Engineers). Some commercial applications enhance the level of detail associated to BIM objects with assembly descriptions to produce lightweight BIM models that can be used by different applications for various purposes (e.g. Autodesk for design review, Navisworks for scheduling, Innovaya for visual estimating, etc.). This study suggests the integration of design and analysis tools by means of managing all building data in one shared repository accessible to multiple domains in the AEC industry (Eastman, 1999; Eastman et al., 2008; authors, 2010). Our approach aims at providing an integrated platform that incorporates a quantity take off extraction method from IFC models, a cost analysis model, and a comprehensive cost reporting scheme, using the Solibri Model Checker (SMC) development environment. Approach As part of the effort to improve the performance of federal buildings, GSA evaluates concept design alternatives based on their compliance with specific requirements, including cost analysis. Two basic challenges emerge in the process of automating cost analysis for BIM models: 1) At this early concept design stage, only minimal information is available to produce a reliable analysis, such as space names and areas, and building gross area, 2) design alternatives share a lot of programmatic requirements such as location, functional spaces and other data. It is thus crucial to integrate other factors that contribute to substantial cost differences such as perimeter, and exterior wall and roof areas. These are extracted from BIM models using IFC data and input through XML into the Parametric Cost Engineering System (PACES, 2010) software to generate cost analysis reports. PACES uses this limited dataset at a conceptual stage and RSMeans (2010) data to infer cost assemblies at different levels of detail. Functionalities Cost model import module The cost model import module has three main functionalities: generating the input dataset necessary for the cost model, performing a semantic mapping between building type specific names and name aggregation structures in PACES known as functional space areas (FSAs), and managing cost data external to the BIM model, such as location and construction duration. The module computes building data such as footprint, gross area, perimeter, external wall and roof area and building space areas. This data is generated through SMC in the form of an XML file and imported into PACES. Reporting module The reporting module uses the cost report generated by PACES to develop a comprehensive report in the form of an excel spreadsheet. This report consists of a systems-elemental estimate that shows the main systems of the building in terms of UniFormat categories, escalation, markups, overhead and conditions, a UniFormat Level III report, and a cost breakdown that provides a summary of material, equipment, labor and total costs. Building parameters are integrated in the report to provide insight on the variations among design alternatives.
keywords building information modeling, interoperability, cost analysis, IFC
series CAAD Futures
email
last changed 2012/02/11 19:21

_id esaulov02_paper_eaea2007
id esaulov02_paper_eaea2007
authors Esaulov, G.V.
year 2008
title Videomodeling in Architecture. Introduction into Concerned Problems
source Proceedings of the 8th European Architectural Endoscopy Association Conference
summary Since the very 1st year Russian Academy of Architecture and building sciences that was established in 1992 by the Presidents’ decree as the higher scientific and creative organization in the country has always paid much attention to supporting and developing fundamental investigations in architecture, town-planning, building sciences, professional education and creative practice. Study of the birth process of the architectural idea and searching for tools assisting the architect’s creative activity and opportunities for adequate transfer of architectural image to potential consumer – relate to the number of problems which constantly bother the architectural community. Before turning to the conference, let us set certain conditions that have a significant impact on the development of architectural and construction activity in modern Russia.
series EAEA
more http://info.tuwien.ac.at/eaea
last changed 2008/04/29 20:46

_id ecaade2008_048
id ecaade2008_048
authors Gün, Onur Yüce
year 2008
title Anti UV: Progressive Component Design in Cross Platforms
source Architecture in Computro [26th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-7-2] Antwerpen (Belgium) 17-20 September 2008, pp. 69-76
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2008.069
summary The executive power of computation, once utilized to inform the discrete pieces of design, ‘component making’ rapidly became one of the trends in architectural design. Idea of components conceptually transformed the enclosing forms of architecture into subdivision surfaces that act as fields for components to aggregate on. While a certain level of variety is achieved via manipulation of components, the characteristics of the surfaces become overlooked via common use of parametric (UV) subdivision. This paper, with a critical look at the current component field generation techniques, focuses on alternative methods of transforming a surface into a digital ground for component aggregation. Series of studies address and deal with various pitfalls of component design and application on software-dictated UV subdivision surfaces.
keywords Computation, Components, Emergent, Generative, Progressive
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:49

_id acadia08_458
id acadia08_458
authors Hemsath, Timothy; Robert Williams; Ronald Bonnstetter; Leen-Kiat Soh
year 2008
title Digital CADCAM Pedagogy Model: Intelligent Inquiry Education
source Silicon + Skin: Biological Processes and Computation, [Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) / ISBN 978-0-9789463-4-0] Minneapolis 16-19 October 2008, 458-463
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2008.458
summary Prototype manufacturing as an educational tool has been very successful at the college level in architecture and engineering design. This paper discusses an innovative inquiry-based learning approach rather than the problem-based learning models commonly utilized by other similar programs. For example, several research-funded technology projects (e.g., Cappelleri et al. 2007) look at involving students in problem-based learning exercises (e.g., building robots); however, these exercises (while providing valuable experiences) have predetermined outcomes ingrained by the teachers, the project structure, and the components used to construct the devices. Therefore, inquisitive and creative problem solving is limited to the “kit-of-parts” in their approach to solving the problem. The inquiry-based CADCAM pedagogy model is more concerned with the process of solving a problem through the vehicle of prototyping than with the specificity of the design project itself. This approach has great potential. First, the need to solve the problem drives learning on multiple levels, integrating interdisciplinary ideas into the problem and solution. Second, the problem interlocks disciplines through inquiry knowledge building in team exercises. Finally, it encourages diversity and flexibility by allowing students to look at problems from multiples perspectives and points of view.
keywords CAD; Education; Evaluation; Pedagogy; Rapid Prototyping
series ACADIA
last changed 2022/06/07 07:49

_id caadria2008_48_session5a_391
id caadria2008_48_session5a_391
authors Kacher, S.; G. Halin
year 2008
title An analyse of experiment results to improve an image indexation method: Application to the design process
source CAADRIA 2008 [Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Chiang Mai (Thailand) 9-12 April 2008, pp. 391-398
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2008.391
summary In our research work we proposed a method to construct an image data base from which designers can find solutions for their design problem. In our approach, an image is not only a media representing existing objects or existing scenes, but it is a support which allow the designer to advance in solving his problem. In this paper we tackle the particular question of the analyses of the results obtained thanks to an experiment which aims to validate a method to index and retrieve images. The objective of this experiment is to evaluate the real contribution of the images retrieved by our system to the designer when he looks for solutions to a design problem. By the analyse of the indexation terms we aim to evaluate the real help that this reference image database can bring to the designer during his creation work.
keywords Image database, indexing process, design process, thesaurus describers
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:52

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