CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

PDF papers
References

Hits 1 to 20 of 90

_id 5d77
id 5d77
authors Adriane Borda; Neusa Félix; Janice de Freitas Pires; Noélia de Moraes Aguirre.
year 2008
title MODELAGEM GEOMÉTRICA NOS ESTÁGIOS INICIAIS DE APRENDIZAGEM DA PRÁTICA PROJETUAL EM ARQUITETURA. GEOMETRIC MODELING IN THE EARLY STAGES OF LEARNING PRACTICE ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN.
source 12th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics, SIGRADI, 2008, Havana. SIGRADI, Proceedings of the 12th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics.. Havana : Ministerio de Educacion Superior, 2008. p. 434-438.
summary This work invests on delimitation of a Geometric Modeling study program directed to students at the initial stages of Architecture. It is considered that the studies promote a qualified control of the form based on recognition of parameters which define it, moreover it also allows the enlargement of the students geometric vocabulary, important to the architectural design activities. In this way, the program advances on the appropriation of new concepts which surround the investigations on architectural design processes, such as the concept of shape grammar. Observing analysis and architectural composition practices based on such concept, contents of geometric modeling which are already being used in the context of post-graduation are identified to be transposed to the graduation context, along with the initial teaching practices of architectural design. The results refer to making the didactic material available, these materials have the objective of building references for the development of design practice which explore the reflection about the processes of creation and composition of architectural form in their geometric aspects.
keywords Architecture, Geometric Modeling, Shape grammar, Teaching/Learning
series SIGRADI
type normal paper
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id sigradi2008_077
id sigradi2008_077
authors Briones, Carolina
year 2008
title A collaborative project experience in an architectural framework, working with Open Source applications and physical computing [Diseño de Plataformas Digitales e Interactivas: una experiencia educativa trabajando colaborativamente con aplicaciones de Código Abierto y Computación Física]
source SIGraDi 2008 - [Proceedings of the 12th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] La Habana - Cuba 1-5 December 2008
summary Nowadays, thanks to the telecommunication revolution and therefore the massive spread of Internet, we have seen the come up of international architectural offices with branches located in different continent, working in a collaborative fashion, surpassing physical and time frontiers. At the same time, the multidisciplinary work between designers, architects, engineers, programmers and even biologist, between others, have been taking place in the new network society. All transformations also supported by the arising of FOSS (Free Open Source Software) and the virtual communities behind them, which allow the creation of non-traditional or specific software, the association between disciplines, and also, the formation of meeting scenarios for a mixture of individuals coming up with multiple motivation to coexist in collaborative environment. Furthermore, it is possible to argue that Open Source applications are also the reflection of a social movement, based on the open creation and exchange of information and knowledge. Do the appeared of FOSS compel us to re-think our working and teaching methods? Do they allow new modes of organizing and collaborating inside our architectural practices?. This paper would like to address these questions, by presenting the results of the “Experience Design” course, which by implementing teaching methods based on Open Source principles and cutting-edge tools, seeks to approach students to these new “way of do”, knowledge and methodologies, and overall, focus them on the science behind the computer. This paper describes the “Experience Design” course, in which architectural graduate students of Universidad Diego Portales (Chile), put for first time their hands on the creation of interactive interfaces. By acquiring basic knowledge of programming and physical computing, students built in a collaborative way a responsive physical installation. The course use as applications “Processing” and “Arduino”. The first one is an Open Source programming language and environment for users who want to program images, animation, and interactions. It has a visual context and serve as a software sketchbook and professional production tool. Processing is a project initiated by Ben Fry and Casey Reas, at the MIT Media Lab (www.processing.org). The second is an Open Source electronics prototyping platform based on flexible, easy-to-use hardware and software. Arduino has a microcontroller (programmed with Processing language) which can sense the environment by receiving input from a variety of sensors and can affect its surroundings by controlling lights, motors, and other actuators (www.arduino.cc). Both environments shared a growing community of people working in related projects and extending useful assistance for beginners. In this paper it is presented the current state of the pilot course and some of the initials results collected during the process. Students and teacher’s debates and evaluations of the experience have been exposed. Together with a critical evaluation in relation to the accomplishment of the effort of place together different disciplines in one collaborative project akin, architecture, design, programming and electronic. Finally, futures modifications of the course are discussed, together with consideration to take in account at the moment of bring Open Source and programming culture into the student curriculum.
keywords Physical computing, teaching framework, Open Source, Interactive Installation
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id sigradi2008_199
id sigradi2008_199
authors Castañe, Dora
year 2008
title Rosario, views on the integral revitalization of a cultural heritage [Rosario, Miradas sobre la Revitalización Integral de un Patrimonio Cultural]
source SIGraDi 2008 - [Proceedings of the 12th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] La Habana - Cuba 1-5 December 2008
summary This work shows the study of the methods and techniques for the development of a virtual vision VRML 3D included in an "Digitally-integrated knowledge base" with interactive interphases of a significantly revitalized fragment of a central area of the city of Rosario, Province of Santa Fé, Argentina, that includes an emblematic heritage for the Argentineans: the National Monument to the Flag. Digital models that partly allow the development of a hypothesis of integration between the digitized information and information technology—new digital proximity— to the effects of being able to investigate the generation of multimedia database that includes three-dimensional and dynamic models of the mentioned type, in this case, urban, architectonic, and cultural heritage. Different views and research on heritage have been developing. Nevertheless, the use of these new 3D non-immersive technologies and inter-phases are opening a new field of vision and understanding of the subject.
keywords Heritage, Urban-architectural planning, virtual reality
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:48

_id ddss2008-47
id ddss2008-47
authors Den Otter, Ad F. and H.J. Pels
year 2008
title Rivalry between the collective use of IT tools and working methods of design teams Comparison of research outcomes
source H.J.P. Timmermans, B. de Vries (eds.) 2008, Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, ISBN 978-90-6814-173-3, University of Technology Eindhoven, published on CD
summary Nowadays a high variety of IT tools is available for communication purposes in design processes on individual and group level. Despite this, the exchange and sharing of design documents collectively in design and engineering teams might be limited mainly, due to habits, preferences, working methods and rivalry between the collective use of IT tools in such product development. Changes in habits and preferences for collective use of IT tools might be realized by training and management power. However, adoption of collectively to be used tools, like project websites, is depending heavenly on the attractiveness for users in daily work. Based on empirical research outcomes it is indicated that rivalry between collective used tools and differences in working methods of users might be main barriers for attractiveness of these tools in daily work. Applying a framework for analyzing and categorizing of the frequency of use of IT tools for team communication, the authors explain the appearance of rivalry between tools, limiting the effectiveness in daily work and not affecting team communication and performance. By comparison of working methods in different sectors authors explain the necessity of changes in working methods in design and engineering in the building & construction industry on organizational and inter-organizational level for successful adoption of collectively to be used IT tools in team communication.
keywords Rivalry between IT tools, collective use, team communication, team performance, working habits, preferences, working methods, 2nd order of change
series DDSS
last changed 2008/09/01 17:06

_id ddss2008-37
id ddss2008-37
authors Rodrigues, Daniel S.; Rui A.R. Ramos and José F.G. Mendes
year 2008
title Decision support system for university campus qualityof life evaluation based on users’ perceptionA case study applied to the Campus of the University of Minho
source H.J.P. Timmermans, B. de Vries (eds.) 2008, Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, ISBN 978-90-6814-173-3, University of Technology Eindhoven, published on CD
summary This paper presents the work that conduced to the development of an information system to evaluate and monitor university campi quality of life. The system embodies two main functions: to provide information to the community and to support campus planning and management. Using a scenario describing possible actions, some users evaluated how its implementation would interfere with the quality of life on the campus. Results showed that it would produce a global improvement, in comparison to the year of the study.
keywords University Campus, Quality of Life, Decision Support System
series DDSS
last changed 2008/09/01 17:06

_id ddss2008-25
id ddss2008-25
authors Antoni, Jean-Philippe; P. Frankhauser, C. Tannier, S. Youssoufi
year 2008
title Simulating and assessing prospective scenariosA comparative approach in urban planning
source H.J.P. Timmermans, B. de Vries (eds.) 2008, Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, ISBN 978-90-6814-173-3, University of Technology Eindhoven, published on CD
summary The first part of the paper is centred on the phenomena of urban growth, in order to set the rules for a sustainable scenario of urban development. Then we enter the core of the paper that is the comparison of models. For each of the three compared models, we describe its main theoretical characteristics, the chosen parameters, and the obtained results. In section 6, heterogeneity of the produced results is discussed, and we highlight the points of interest and the lacks of the three models. Here we show that results we obtained feed debates about urban growth management. Finally, concluding remarks at the end of the paper address the general topic of the evaluation of the quality of simulation results.
keywords Urban sprawl, sustainable development, fractals, cellular automata, spatial interaction models
series DDSS
last changed 2008/09/01 17:06

_id ecaade2008_040
id ecaade2008_040
authors Baerlecken, Daniel; Kobiella, Olaf
year 2008
title Math Objects
source Architecture in Computro [26th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-7-2] Antwerpen (Belgium) 17-20 September 2008, pp. 677-684
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2008.677
summary The paper discusses mathematical form generation as an academic methodology to develop new approaches to architectural design. The academic design studio ‘Math objects’ investigates the relationship between complex 3d-surfaces and mathematics in order to expand the formal repertoire of architecture. It claims that the process of form generation can be seen as an autonomous entity, which is independent from an overall strategy or any a priori meaning. Architecture has always originated from a concept, eventually progressing towards a certain form. This methodology has been reversed. The paper discusses two studios undertaken in the last year, led by Daniel Baerlecken and Olaf Kobiella at the TU Braunschweig, Germany.
keywords Generative design, design methodology: architectural design teaching, parametric form generation, NURBS-modelling
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id sigradi2008_098
id sigradi2008_098
authors Barba, Salvatore; Nicola Pasquino
year 2008
title A free SIG for evaluating the compatibility of a landscape and an incinerator [Un SIG libre para la evaluación de la compatibilidad paisajística de un incinerador]
source SIGraDi 2008 - [Proceedings of the 12th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] La Habana - Cuba 1-5 December 2008
summary This research, which is just at its start, has been preliminary concentrated on the localization of a solid waste incinerator in the vicinities of a city - and in particular on finding the necessary data, rather than in the development of a new application.
keywords Medio ambiente, modelos MC, gvSig.
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id ddss2008-09
id ddss2008-09
authors Bates-Brkljac, N.
year 2008
title Towards client-focused architectural representationsas a facilitator for improved design decision-makingprocess
source H.J.P. Timmermans, B. de Vries (eds.) 2008, Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, ISBN 978-90-6814-173-3, University of Technology Eindhoven, published on CD
summary This paper focuses on architectural representations as a means of communicating design schemes in the process of decision-making. It reports on the study, which investigated people’s responses to different forms of architectural representations. The paper starts with the discussion about participation in decision-making process and the potential benefits of using computer generated representations. Then, it describes the research study and examines results of the investigation. In the final section it is argued that client focused architectural representations are needed to support the exchange of views and discussion amongst different stakeholders in order to reduce the requirement for trained interpretation and encourage the participation in the decision making process.
keywords Architectural representations, Perceived credibility, Design decision making
series DDSS
last changed 2008/09/01 17:06

_id sigradi2009_2000
id sigradi2009_2000
authors Celani, Gabriela
year 2009
title Enseñando diseño generativo: una experiencia didáctica [Teaching Generative Design: a Learning Experience]"
source SIGraDi 2009 - Proceedings of the 13th Congress of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics, Sao Paulo, Brazil, November 16-18, 2009
summary Este trabajo describe el seminario de Diseño Generativo ofrecido en el programa de posgrado en el área de Arquitectura y Construcción en la Universidad de Campinas en el primer semestre de 2008. El curso tuvo como objetivo introducir el tema de los métodos sistemáticos de generación de alternativas de diseño, como base para el desarrollo de sistemas de CAAD. El método pedagógico del curso estuvo compuesto por presentaciones teóricas, lecturas, discusiones, y ejercicios prácticos. Los sistemas generativos más conocidos fueron categorizados en dos grandes grupos: el de combinaciones de elementos (como la enumeración sistemática de combinaciones y los algoritmos genéticos) y el de los sistemas basados en reglas (como los fractales y la gramática de formas). Además de constituirse en una oportunidad para proponer una categorización de los principales sistemas generativos, el curso también permitió que se hiciera una reflexión sobre la importancia de la introducción de los sistemas generativos y de las técnicas de programación en los cursos de pre-grado y pos-grado.
keywords Generative design systems; Theoretical basis of CAAD
series SIGRADI
type normal paper
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:48

_id ddss2008-24
id ddss2008-24
authors Chaabouni, S.; J.C. Bignon and G. Halin
year 2008
title Luminous ambience designNavigation and reasoning by photographic images forformulation of intentions
source H.J.P. Timmermans, B. de Vries (eds.) 2008, Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, ISBN 978-90-6814-173-3, University of Technology Eindhoven, published on CD
summary In order to assist daylight ambience design by referential procedures, we propose in this article an analysis of the modalities of reference activity in the field of architectural design. We have identified three different activities: selecting a potential reference, projection of the reference in the project, integration of the reference into the project, allowing intentions formulation. We have used the results of this analysis to propose navigation modes adapted to an exploitation of image references in design, in order to develop a tool supporting the formulation of luminous ambience intention. The purpose here is to inform on exploratory progress more than to communicate attested results.
keywords Luminous ambience, Design, Reasoning, References, Navigation, intentions formulation
series DDSS
last changed 2008/09/01 17:06

_id ddss2008-33
id ddss2008-33
authors Charlton, James A.; Bob Giddings and Margaret Horne
year 2008
title A survey of computer software for the urban designprocess
source H.J.P. Timmermans, B. de Vries (eds.) 2008, Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, ISBN 978-90-6814-173-3, University of Technology Eindhoven, published on CD
summary Urban design is concerned with the shape, the surface and the physical arrangement of all kinds of urban elements, the basic components that make up the built environment, at the level of buildings, spaces and human activities. It is also concerned with the non-visual aspects of the environment, such as noise, wind and temperature and humidity. The city square is a particular urban element which can take many forms and its geometrical relationships such as maximum dimensions, ratio of width to length and building height to length have been analysed for centuries (Alberti 1475), (Vitruvius 1550), (Sitte 1889), (Corbett 2004). Within the current urban design process there are increasing examples of three dimensional computer representations which allow the user to experience a visual sense of the geometry of city squares in an urban landscape. Computer-aided design and Virtual Reality technologies have recently contributed to this visual assessment, but there have been limited attempts at 3D computer representations which allow the user to experience a greater sense of the urban space. This paper will describe a survey of computer tools which could support a more holistic approach to urban design and which could be used to simulate a number of urban texture and urban quality aspects. It will provide a systematic overview of currently available software that could support the simulation of building density, height, colour and style as well as conditions relating to noise, shading, heat, natural and artificial light. It will describe a methodology for the selection and filtering of appropriate computer applications and offer an initial evaluation of these tools for the analysis and representation of the three-dimensional geometry, urban texture and urban quality of city centre spaces. The paper is structured to include an introduction to the design criteria relating to city centre spaces which underpins this research. Next the systematic review of computer software will be described, and selected tools will undergo initial evaluation. Finally conclusions will be drawn and areas for future research identified.
keywords Urban design, Software identification, 3D modelling, Pedestrian modelling, Wind modelling, Noise mapping, Thermal comfort, VR Engine
series DDSS
last changed 2008/09/01 17:06

_id ddss2008-32
id ddss2008-32
authors Chiaradia, Alain; Christian Schwander, Jorge Gil, Eva Friedrich
year 2008
title Mapping the intangible value of urban layout (i-VALUL): Developing a tool kit for the socio-economic valuation of urbanarea, for designers and decision makers
source H.J.P. Timmermans, B. de Vries (eds.) 2008, Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, ISBN 978-90-6814-173-3, University of Technology Eindhoven, published on CD
summary In this paper we present the development of a GIS tool kit for the socioeconomic valuation of urban areas towards the creation of sustainable communities, describing the project context, development process, the tool kit’s structure, its main tools and initial feedback from its use. We then present the plan for training sessions and pilot projects where the tool kit is going to be used, and conclude with the discussion of the development of a single integrated tool to be used beyond the life of the ‘i-VALUL’ project. This project was supported by the UCL led UrbanBuzz programme within which UEL is a prime partner.
keywords Urban planning, spatial analysis, design support tools, evaluation system, GIS
series DDSS
last changed 2008/09/01 17:06

_id 4d32
id 4d32
authors Christian Derix, Åsmund Gamlesæter, Pablo Miranda Carranza.
year 2008
title 3d Isovists and Spatial Sensations: two methods and a case study
source EDRA 39th Annual Conference
summary The development of the first Isovist in 3D, is the result of a collaboration between the Aedas CDR group and the New York based architecture office Davis Brody Bond, for the design of the Ground Zero Memorial Museum. The article introduces the design context that prompted the development of 3D Isovists, and discusses 2 basic methods and their variations developed as part of the research.
keywords Isovist, spatial perception, user cognition, visibility graph analysis
series other
type normal paper
email
more http://www.sfbtr8.uni-bremen.de/papers/SFB_TR%208%20Rep%20015-05_2008.pdf
last changed 2012/09/20 17:58

_id ecaade2008_023
id ecaade2008_023
authors Ciblac, Thierry
year 2008
title Structure Computation Tools in Architectural Design
source Architecture in Computro [26th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-7-2] Antwerpen (Belgium) 17-20 September 2008, pp. 275-282
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2008.275
summary Structure computation can be carried out in the very early steps of architectural design thanks to the generalization of the use of computers. So, architects can be interested by specific computing tools dedicated to mechanical simulations in design process, especially using interactivity. Researches on these kinds of tools are developed by the ARIAM-LAREA team in the Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Architecture de Paris La Villette, using graphic statics with a dynamic geometry software, finite element method and tensile structure software. The specificities of such tools are presented through historical examples and students projects.
keywords Design, simulation, dynamic geometry, graphic statics, Finite Element Method
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:56

_id sigradi2008_201
id sigradi2008_201
authors Corradi, Eduardo Marotti; Gabriela Celani
year 2008
title O túnel de vento – um exercício de projeto baseado em técnicas de animação [The wind tunnel - an exercise in design based on techniques of animation]
source SIGraDi 2008 - [Proceedings of the 12th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] La Habana - Cuba 1-5 December 2008
summary The objective of the present research was to study the use of animation techniques as a tool for the design process. The study started with a literature review about the different possible applications of animation techniques in architectural design. Four main categories of applications were found: (1) space representation and “walk through”, (2) simulation of articulated elements and kinetic structures, (3) visualization and analysis of functional aspects of the buildings, such as circulation and fire escape, and finally (4) the generation of novel shapes. The second part of the research consisted of a design exercise in which animation techniques were used to generate a shape. For this purpose a wind simulator was used in 3DMAX. Next, Paracloud software was used to automatically generate a rib structure that allowed to produce a scale model of the shape with a laser cutter.
keywords Animation, design process, digital fabrication
series SIGRADI
type normal paper
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:49

_id ecaade2008_124
id ecaade2008_124
authors De Bodt, Kathleen
year 2008
title Towards a Digital Design Episteme
source Architecture in Computro [26th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-7-2] Antwerpen (Belgium) 17-20 September 2008, pp. 871-876
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2008.871
summary The paper addresses the issue of integrating digital techniques and methodologies in the conceptual stage of the architectural design process and describes the research and education of digital design procedures and proficiency. Accordingly, research into the correlation between theory and practice in the field of digital architectural design and education is presented. The influence of digital design theory and processes on the complexity and spatial variation of design solutions was studied in a series of consecutive short workshop based sessions in architecture and interior design master classes. The paper describes the aim, technical solution, scope and result of the experimental exercises.
keywords Digital design, conceptual design, design process, design pedagogy
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:55

_id ddss2008-05
id ddss2008-05
authors De Vries, Bauke; Yuzhong Lin and Joran Jessurun
year 2008
title Sense-of-the-City
source H.J.P. Timmermans, B. de Vries (eds.) 2008, Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, ISBN 978-90-6814-173-3, University of Technology Eindhoven, published on CD
summary Sense-of-the-City was a project that was executed in the city centre of Eindhoven using mobile phones with GPS. Ten persons carried this equipment during the working day for a period of one week. While carrying their route was traced and projected on a map that could be viewed on the internet. The citizens were asked to pictures of places of interest. These pictures are uploaded to the server and attached to the route. Later on text can be added to each picture through the website. All participants showed a high level of engagement in the project. Although the logbooks of the routes that were created on the web provided very personal insights, it was very hard to draw conclusions from these data.
keywords Location Based Systems, Neighbourhood planning, Citizen engagement
series DDSS
last changed 2008/09/01 17:06

_id ecaade2008_064
id ecaade2008_064
authors Donath, Dirk; Braunes, Jörg; Fehlhaber, Daniel; Tauscher, Helga
year 2008
title Sketch-Based Building Information Capture for Cost and Risk Assessment in the Early Stages of Planning in Existing Built Contexts
source Architecture in Computro [26th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-7-2] Antwerpen (Belgium) 17-20 September 2008, pp. 109-116
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2008.109
summary The proportion of planning activity that concerns existing buildings is increasing steadily throughout Europe. In Germany it is estimated that already two thirds of architectural planning tasks are related to revitalisation, modernisation, conversion and reconstruction. For these types of projects in particular, clients are interested in obtaining an estimate of the building costs as early as possible. Because many details are unknown or can only be guessed, it is often difficult to make a reliable estimate. This article describes a software concept for the rapid, sketch-based capture of data on site with a view to obtaining a cost-assessment for a series of different revitalisation variants using a stochastic approach.
keywords cost risk assessment, planning-relevant building surveying, geometric data capture, geometric representation, planning support, building information modelling, IFC
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:55

_id ecaade2008_030
id ecaade2008_030
authors Donath, Dirk; Lobos, Danny
year 2008
title Massing Study Support
source Architecture in Computro [26th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-7-2] Antwerpen (Belgium) 17-20 September 2008, pp. 101-108
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2008.101
summary Since Hugh Ferris in 1922 started with a series of massing studies the visualization of zoning planning began to be a topic for architects. Setbacks, plot area ratio, maximum building height, and other important attributes must be handled by the architect to fulfill the law, the needs of the clients and his own inspiration. This paper presents the problem of envelope design for high-rise isolated housing buildings, as well as a new Decision Support Systems tool based on the platform of a BIM software, that allows to simulate several options for building envelope according to the parameters required by the city Zoning Planning. These options deliver reliable data and geometry, to be analyzed in real time for the architects, engineers, builders, government and the client in the early stages of the building’s design.
keywords Constraint Based Design, Parametric Programming, Urban Modeling, Optimization, Architectural Design
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:55

For more results click below:

this is page 0show page 1show page 2show page 3show page 4HOMELOGIN (you are user _anon_641022 from group guest) CUMINCAD Papers Powered by SciX Open Publishing Services 1.002