Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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Reformat results as: short short into frame detailed detailed into frame

_id	bbc9
id	bbc9
authors	Aeck, Richard
year	2008
title	Turnstijl Houses & Cannoli Framing
source	VDM Verlag Dr. Muller Aktiengesellschaft Co. KG, Germany ISBN: 3639078470 ISBN-13: 9783639078473
summary	This work presumes that integrating modeling tools and digital fabrication technology into architectural practice will transform how we build the detached house. Single-family houses come in all shapes and sizes, and in doing so, imply variation as well in certain materials, methods, and lighter classes of structure. Ultimately, houses are extensions, if not expressions, of those dwelling within, yet our attempts to produce appealing manufactured houses have prioritized standardization over variation and fall short of this ideal. Rather than considering new offerings born of the flexibility and precision afforded by digital production, sadly, today’s homebuilders are busy using our advancing fabrication technology to hasten the production of yesterday’s home. In response to such observations, and drawing upon meta-themes (i.e., blending and transition) present in contemporary design, this study proposes a hybrid SIP/Lam framing system and a corresponding family of houses. The development of the Cannoli Framing System (CFS) through 3D and physical models culminates in the machining and testing of full-scale prototypes. Three demonstrations, branded the Turnstijl Houses, are generated via a phased process where their schema, structure, and system geometry are personalized at their conception. This work pursues the variation of type and explores the connection between type and production methodology. Additional questions are also raised and addressed, such as how is a categorical notion like type defined, affected, and even “bred”?
keywords	Digital Manufacturing, Type, Typology, CNC, SIP, SIPs, Foam, PreFab, Prefabrication, Framing, Manufactured House, Modular, Packaged House, Digital, Plywood, Methodology
series	thesis:MSc
type	normal paper
email
more	http://branchoff.net
last changed	2010/11/16 08:29

_id	cf2011_p127
id	cf2011_p127
authors	Benros, Deborah; Granadeiro Vasco, Duarte Jose, Knight Terry
year	2011
title	Integrated Design and Building System for the Provision of Customized Housing: the Case of Post-Earthquake Haiti
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 247-264.
summary	The paper proposes integrated design and building systems for the provision of sustainable customized housing. It advances previous work by applying a methodology to generate these systems from vernacular precedents. The methodology is based on the use of shape grammars to derive and encode a contemporary system from the precedents. The combined set of rules can be applied to generate housing solutions tailored to specific user and site contexts. The provision of housing to shelter the population affected by the 2010 Haiti earthquake illustrates the application of the methodology. A computer implementation is currently under development in C# using the BIM platform provided by Revit. The world experiences a sharp increase in population and a strong urbanization process. These phenomena call for the development of effective means to solve the resulting housing deficit. The response of the informal sector to the problem, which relies mainly on handcrafted processes, has resulted in an increase of urban slums in many of the big cities, which lack sanitary and spatial conditions. The formal sector has produced monotonous environments based on the idea of mass production that one size fits all, which fails to meet individual and cultural needs. We propose an alternative approach in which mass customization is used to produce planed environments that possess qualities found in historical settlements. Mass customization, a new paradigm emerging due to the technological developments of the last decades, combines the economy of scale of mass production and the aesthetics and functional qualities of customization. Mass customization of housing is defined as the provision of houses that respond to the context in which they are built. The conceptual model for the mass customization of housing used departs from the idea of a housing type, which is the combined result of three systems (Habraken, 1988) -- spatial, building system, and stylistic -- and it includes a design system, a production system, and a computer system (Duarte, 2001). In previous work, this conceptual model was tested by developing a computer system for existing design and building systems (Benr__s and Duarte, 2009). The current work advances it by developing new and original design, building, and computer systems for a particular context. The urgent need to build fast in the aftermath of catastrophes quite often overrides any cultural concerns. As a result, the shelters provided in such circumstances are indistinct and impersonal. However, taking individual and cultural aspects into account might lead to a better identification of the population with their new environment, thereby minimizing the rupture caused in their lives. As the methodology to develop new housing systems is based on the idea of architectural precedents, choosing existing vernacular housing as a precedent permits the incorporation of cultural aspects and facilitates an identification of people with the new housing. In the Haiti case study, we chose as a precedent a housetype called ‚Äúgingerbread houses‚Äù, which includes a wide range of houses from wealthy to very humble ones. Although the proposed design system was inspired by these houses, it was decided to adopt a contemporary take. The methodology to devise the new type was based on two ideas: precedents and transformations in design. In architecture, the use of precedents provides designers with typical solutions for particular problems and it constitutes a departing point for a new design. In our case, the precedent is an existing housetype. It has been shown (Duarte, 2001) that a particular housetype can be encoded by a shape grammar (Stiny, 1980) forming a design system. Studies in shape grammars have shown that the evolution of one style into another can be described as the transformation of one shape grammar into another (Knight, 1994). The used methodology departs takes off from these ideas and it comprises the following steps (Duarte, 2008): (1) Selection of precedents, (2) Derivation of an archetype; (3) Listing of rules; (4) Derivation of designs; (5) Cataloguing of solutions; (6) Derivation of tailored solution.
keywords	Mass customization, Housing, Building system, Sustainable construction, Life cycle energy consumption, Shape grammar
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	caadria2008_9_session1b_075
id	caadria2008_9_session1b_075
authors	Chien, Sheng-Fen
year	2008
title	Probing elders’ needs for smart technologies in the domestic environment
source	CAADRIA 2008 [Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Chiang Mai (Thailand) 9-12 April 2008, pp. 75-80
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2008.075
summary	This paper presents an initial investigation into developing smart homes for the elderly. Smart homes refer to domestic living environments that equipped with “sensible” and “responsive” facilities, which employ smart technologies, to provide occupants a sound and comfortable living. Designers and sociologists have observed reluctances and even rejections to these technologies from the elderly. A Cultural Probes study shows that the elderly welcome new technologies but reject robotic companionships. In addition, a questionnaire survey concludes that smart technologies for home safety and security, energy conservation and usage monitoring, as well as health care and maintenance, are desirable.
keywords	Smart home; the elderly; cultural probe; questionnaire; survey
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	acadia08_072
id	acadia08_072
authors	Frumar, Jerome
year	2008
title	An Energy Centric Approach to Architecture: Abstracting the material to co-rationalize design and performance
source	Silicon + Skin: Biological Processes and Computation, [Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) / ISBN 978-0-9789463-4-0] Minneapolis 16-19 October 2008, 72-81
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2008.072
summary	This paper begins by exploring matter as an aggregated system of energy transactions and modulations. With this in mind, it examines the notion of energy driven form finding as a design methodology that can simultaneously negotiate physical, environmental and fabrication considerations. The digital workspace enables this notion of form finding to re-establish itself in the world of architecture through a range of analytic tools that algorithmically encode real world physics. Simulating the spatial and energetic characteristics of reality enables virtual “form generation models that recognize the laws of physics and are able to create ‘minimum’ surfaces for compression, bending [and] tension” (Cook 2004). The language of energy, common in engineering and materials science, enables a renewed trans-disciplinary dialogue that addresses significant historic disjunctions such as the professional divide between architects and engineers. Design becomes a science of exploring abstracted energy states to discover a suitable resonance with which to tune the built environment. ¶ A case study of one particular method of energy driven form finding is presented. Bi-directional Evolutionary Structural Optimization (BESO) is a generative engineering technique developed at RMIT University. It appropriates natural growth strategies to determine optimum forms that respond to structural criteria by reorganizing their topology. This dynamic topology response enables structural optimization to become an integrated component of design exploration. A sequence of investigations illustrates the flexibility and trans-disciplinary benefits of this approach. Using BESO as a tool for design rather than purely for structural optimization fuses the creative approach of the architect with the pragmatic approach of the engineer, enabling outcomes that neither profession could develop in isolation. The BESO case study alludes to future design processes that will facilitate a coherent unfolding of design logic comparable to morphogenesis.
keywords	Energy; Form-Finding; Morphogenesis; Optimization; Structure
series	ACADIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	caadria2008_33_session4a_271
id	caadria2008_33_session4a_271
authors	Fukuda, Tomohiro; Atsuko Kaga, Takanori Terashima
year	2008
title	Citizen participatory design method using VR and A Blog
source	CAADRIA 2008 [Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Chiang Mai (Thailand) 9-12 April 2008, pp. 271-277
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2008.271
summary	This research concerned the establishment of a citizen participatory design method using VR and CGM. For this, problems in the citizen participatory design are addressed, and the continuous study method using VR and a blog is shown. Then, evaluation is conducted by considering an actual design project as a case study. Furthermore, VR functions needed through the case study are developed. Using this method, a small patio on which parasols were permanently and lawfully set up on a road lot was completed.
keywords	Citizen participatory design; sustainable community design; design method; Virtual Reality; blog
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ddss2008-22
id	ddss2008-22
authors	Keim, Christian
year	2008
title	Modelling urban dynamics through cellular automata: an empirical application
source	H.J.P. Timmermans, B. de Vries (eds.) 2008, Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, ISBN 978-90-6814-173-3, University of Technology Eindhoven, published on CD
summary	Actual developments of digital maps and tools given by GIS-systems provide the possibility to develop new methodologies to handle land-cover data for modelling purposes. At any rate empirical applications are still rare within the Geosimulation studies and yet there is not an established methodology. The aim of the work has been to construct a cellular automata (CA) model of a sprawling city region within the German context, based on empirical data. The urban land-use classes (LUC) are considered as a higher organisation level of different building typologies and relative functions. These define the land-use patterns as self-organized from their complex spatial iterations, based on limited local information exchange. On the one hand the synthesis capacity of the CA models has been verified, even without socio-economical variables. On the other hand, it has been seen that the still early evolutional state of digital land-cover datasets are too premature to fully suite the modelling purposes.
keywords	Complex Systems, Self-Organisation, Cellular automata, Geographical information systems, Land-use change
series	DDSS
last changed	2008/09/01 17:06

_id	cdc2008_221
id	cdc2008_221
authors	Lobel, Josh
year	2008
title	The representation of post design(v.) design(n.) information
source	First International Conference on Critical Digital: What Matters(s)? - 18-19 April 2008, Harvard University Graduate School of Design, Cambridge (USA), pp. 221-228
summary	Attempts to address interoperability issues in digital design information have become stilted. A lack of any real success is more indicative of the questions asked rather than the solutions proposed. If design information is the progenitor of design representation, and representation is a method by which to encode, store, and distribute design information, then the issues associated with digital design information can be seen as special cases of the general the problems associated with communication. Considering a representation by asking: ‘What is the information that needs to be communicated?’ and, ‘With whom is this information being communicated?’ may provide a better perspective from which to assess specific technological problems such as software interoperability. The goal of this paper is a call to attention – an exercise in critical thought and a provocation. Can re-conceptualizing the problems with the representation and interoperability of digital design information as generic problems of communication offer insight on novel solutions? A brief overview of the challenges posed to interoperability is presented along with current and past efforts to address this issue. An alternative methodology for the communication of design information via process rather than state descriptions is proposed, followed by a summary conclusion.
email
last changed	2009/01/07 08:05

_id	acadia11_152
id	acadia11_152
authors	Rael, Ronald; San Fratello, Virginia
year	2011
title	Developing Concrete Polymer Building Components for 3D Printing
source	ACADIA 11: Integration through Computation [Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA)] [ISBN 978-1-6136-4595-6] Banff (Alberta) 13-16 October, 2011, pp. 152-157
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2011.152
summary	The creation of building components that can be seen as sustainable, inexpensive, stronger, recyclable, customizable and perhaps even reparable to the environment is an urgent, and critical focus of architectural research. In the U.S. alone, the construction industry produced 143.5 million tons of building-related construction and demolition debris in 2008, and buildings, in their consumption of energy produce more greenhouse gasses than automobiles or industry.Because the inherent nature of 3D printing opens new possibilities for shaping materials, the process will reshape the way we think about architectural building components. Digital materiality, a term coined by Italian and Swiss architects Fabio Gramazio and Matthias Kohler, describes materiality increasingly enriched with digital characteristics where data, material, programming and construction are interwoven (Gramazio and Kohler, 2008). The research aspires towards this classification through the use of parametric modeling tools, analytic software and quantitative and qualitative analysis. Rapid prototyping, which is the automatic construction of physical objects using additive manufacturing technology, typically employs materials intended for the immediate analysis of form, scale, and tactility. Rarely do the materials used in this process have any long-term value, nor does the process - except in rare cases with expensive metal prototyping - have the ability to create actual and sustainable working products. This research intends to alter this state of affairs by developing methods for 3D printing using concrete for the production of long-lasting performance-based components.
series	ACADIA
type	work in progress
email
last changed	2022/06/07 08:00

_id	caadria2008_68_session7a_564
id	caadria2008_68_session7a_564
authors	Watanabe, Shun; Yu Nishikawa
year	2008
title	Production Method Of Accurated 3d Urban Models With Digital Photogrammetry
source	CAADRIA 2008 [Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Chiang Mai (Thailand) 9-12 April 2008, pp. 564-571
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2008.564
summary	A convenient method for creating accurate 3D urban models without expensive survey equipment is developed by introducing digital photogrammetry. As a matter of logic, the 3D models for urban landscape simulations are expected to limit errors to several dozen centimeters. The proposed method is examined in order to reproduce the actual urban landscape and to provide accuracy that is sufficient to meet the theoretical requirement.
keywords	downtown; landscape; simulation; VRML
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	acadia08_066
id	acadia08_066
authors	Ahlquist, Sean; Moritz Fleischmann
year	2008
title	Material & Space: Synthesis Strategies based on Evolutionary Developmental Biology
source	Silicon + Skin: Biological Processes and Computation, [Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) / ISBN 978-0-9789463-4-0] Minneapolis 16-19 October 2008, 66-71
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2008.066
summary	A material system can be defined as a set of self-organized materials, defining a certain spatial arrangement. In architecture, this material arrangement acts as a threshold for space, though space often only appears as a by-product of the material organization. Treating space as a resulting, therefore secondary, independent product minimizes the capacity to generate architecture that is astutely aware of concerns of functionality, environment and energy. An effective arrangement of material can only be determined in relation to the spaces that it defines. When proposing a more critical approach, a material system can be seen as an intimate inter-connection and reciprocal exchange between the material construct and the spatial conditions. It is necessary to re-define material system as a system that coevolves spatial and material configurations through analysis of the resultant whole, in a process of integration and evaluation. ¶ With this understanding of material system comes an expansion in the number of criteria that are simultaneously engaged in the evolution of the design. The material characteristics, as well as the spatial components and forces (external and internal), are pressures onto the arrangement of material and space. ¶ This brings a high degree of complexity to the process. Biological systems are built on methods that resolve complex interactions through sets of simple yet extensible rules. Evolutionary Developmental Biology explains how growth is an interconnected process of external forces registering fitness into a fixed catalogue of morphological genetic tools. Translating the specific framework for biological growth into computational processes, allows the pursuit of an architecture that is fully informed by the interaction of space and material.
keywords	Biology; Computation; Material; Parametric; System
series	ACADIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	sigradi2008_103
id	sigradi2008_103
authors	Baltazar, Ana Paula; Maria Lucia Malard, Silke Kapp, Pedro Schultz
year	2008
title	From physical models to immersive collaborative environments: testing the best way for homeless people to visualise and negotiate spaces
source	SIGraDi 2008 - [Proceedings of the 12th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] La Habana - Cuba 1-5 December 2008
summary	This paper describes an experiment to investigate the best way for lay people to use representation to visualise and negotiate space. It was motivated by our observations in workshops for digital inclusion in the context of a housing project for a homeless association. Computers were used to make it easier for the community to understand and change the spaces in real time. The first workshops proved that our approach was efficient as an exercise but not certainly effective concerning the understanding of spatial qualities. So we have designed an experiment to compare the usability of different media in participatory design processes. For that we have adapted the ‘Usability’ methodology, which is fully described in the paper. We started with three main questions. The first concerned the effectiveness of different media to represent spatial quality; the second concerned the best way for novices to approach space, whether by refurbishing a pre-existing space or by starting from the scratch; and the third concerned the effectiveness of negotiation by means of discourse and by means of or action. We also had two main hypothesis: one coming from research on digital environments and stereo visualisation, indicating that the more people feel immersed in the represented environment the more they are able to correlate it with physical space; and the other coming from our own observations in the participatory design workshops, in which the collective decision-making was manipulated by those people with more advanced communication skills who use their ability in an authoritative way regardless of the relevance of what they have to say. This paper describes the whole experiment, which was an exercise of spatial negotiation in 5 versions. In the first version we provided fixed digital views of a room in plan and axonometry; for another two versions we provided a physical model of the room in 1:10 scale, with some pieces of the existing furniture in different scales. This was done to check if people were just playing with a puzzle or actually grasping the correspondence between representation and the object or the space represented. One version proposes refurbishment and the other starts from the scratch. And the last two versions repeated the same task made with the physical model, but this time using a 3D interactive digital model. People were required not only to organise the furniture in the space but also to build a full scale cardboard structure and organise the real furniture reproducing their proposed model. Their comments on the spaces they had built confronted with what they had imaged when working with the model has enabled us to compare the different models, as also the different ways of negotiating spaces. This paper describes this experiment in detail concluding that 3D digital interactive models are far more effective than physical models and 2D drawings; when negotiation happens by means of action it provides more creative results than when the discoursive practice prevails; people are more creative when they start something from scratch, though they spend more time. The results of this experiment led us to formulate a new hypothesis leading to the development of an immersive collaborative environment using stereoscopy.
keywords	Visualisation, negotiation, immersive environment, digital interfaces, homeless people
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	ddss2008-09
id	ddss2008-09
authors	Bates-Brkljac, N.
year	2008
title	Towards client-focused architectural representationsas a facilitator for improved design decision-makingprocess
source	H.J.P. Timmermans, B. de Vries (eds.) 2008, Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, ISBN 978-90-6814-173-3, University of Technology Eindhoven, published on CD
summary	This paper focuses on architectural representations as a means of communicating design schemes in the process of decision-making. It reports on the study, which investigated people’s responses to different forms of architectural representations. The paper starts with the discussion about participation in decision-making process and the potential benefits of using computer generated representations. Then, it describes the research study and examines results of the investigation. In the final section it is argued that client focused architectural representations are needed to support the exchange of views and discussion amongst different stakeholders in order to reduce the requirement for trained interpretation and encourage the participation in the decision making process.
keywords	Architectural representations, Perceived credibility, Design decision making
series	DDSS
last changed	2008/09/01 17:06

_id	ecaade2008_055
id	ecaade2008_055
authors	Beirão, José; Duarte, José; Stouffs, Rudi
year	2008
title	Structuring a Generative Model for Urban Design: Linking GIS to Shape Grammars
source	Architecture in Computro [26th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-7-2] Antwerpen (Belgium) 17-20 September 2008, pp. 929-938
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2008.929
summary	Urban Design processes need to adopt flexible and adaptive procedures to respond to the evolving demands of the contemporary city. To support such dynamic processes, a specific design methodology and a supporting tool are needed. This design methodology considers the development of a design system rather than a single design solution. It is based on patterns and shape grammars. The idea is to link the descriptions of each pattern to specific shape rules inducing the generation of formal solutions that satisfy the pattern. The methodology explores, from the urban designer point of view, the capacity of a shape grammar to codify and generate urban form (Duarte et al, 2007). This paper defines the ontology of urban entities to build on a GIS platform the topology describing the various components of the city structure. By choosing different sets of patterns the designer defines his vision for a specific context. The patterns are explicated into shape rules that encode the designer’s interpretation of the pattern, and operate on this ontology of urban entities generating solutions that satisfy the pattern’s concept. Some examples of the topological relations are shown.
keywords	Patterns, shape grammars, ontology, generative urban design
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	caadria2008_24_session3a_193
id	caadria2008_24_session3a_193
authors	Biswas, Tajin; Tsung-Hsien Wang, Ramesh Krishnamurti
year	2008
title	Integrating sustainable building rating systems with building information models
source	CAADRIA 2008 [Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Chiang Mai (Thailand) 9-12 April 2008, pp. 193-200
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2008.193
summary	The transition from conventional to sustainable building depends on a number of factors— technological, environmental, economic and social. From a computer-aided design perspective, the first two are perhaps the most significant. We are working on a project with an emphasis on developing tools, to evaluate environmental consequences for design decision-making. Our current thrust is given to reducing energy usage as well as carbon emissions in buildings.
keywords	Sustainable building rating system, Building information model
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	ecaade2008_186
id	ecaade2008_186
authors	Bourdakis, Vassilis
year	2008
title	Low Tech Approach to 3D Urban Modeling
source	Architecture in Computro [26th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-7-2] Antwerpen (Belgium) 17-20 September 2008, pp. 959-964
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2008.959
summary	Over the last decade various examples of urban 3D models have been created employing various techniques for data collection and model building. The problems faced are well documented, issues of accuracy, complexity and utility of the models has also been addressed. This paper presents a low tech approach to accurate city modeling focusing on engineering applications, browsing/experiencing applications as well as multi-layering time based analyses, historical info overlaying for use in interactive real time applications (museum exhibitions, research projects for behavioral patterns of users in 3D urban environments, marketing, tourism, etc). The pros and cons of the proposed methodology are analyzed and ways forward suggested.
keywords	Urban modeling, photogrammetric techniques, 3D modeling
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	ecaade2008_005
id	ecaade2008_005
authors	Breen, Jack; Stellingwerff, Martijn
year	2008
title	Capital A to Z
source	Architecture in Computro [26th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-7-2] Antwerpen (Belgium) 17-20 September 2008, pp. 759-766
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2008.759
summary	Throughout the history of architecture, the Capital – the intermediate between a column and the beam or surface it supports – has been a recurring feature in architectural composition and articulation. In this paper we describe results and findings from the Capital A to Z exercise within the Ornamatics Course from the TU-Delft MSc curriculum. We will show how this exercise combines various digital and physical processes for form finding and how further insights can come from the actual production of models and prototypes. Conclusions will be drawn regarding the integrated educational setup and regarding the influence of different methods and tools on the design process and the design results.
keywords	Computer aided manufacturing and modelling, composition, prototyping, ornamatics, education-based research
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	acadia08_340
id	acadia08_340
authors	Chalmers, Chris
year	2008
title	Chemical Signaling as a Model for Digital Process in Architecture
source	Silicon + Skin: Biological Processes and Computation, [Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) / ISBN 978-0-9789463-4-0] Minneapolis 16-19 October 2008, 340-345
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2008.340
summary	The role of the architect is quite literally one of assembly: synthesizing the various parts of a project into a cohesive whole. It is a difficult job, often requiring the architect to weave many seemingly contradictory concerns into a solution that benefits them all. It is not surprising then, that the many elegant and effective systems found in nature should be inspiring to the architect. Emerging fields like biomimicry and systems dynamics model the patterns of interaction between organisms and their environments in terms of dynamic part to part and part to whole relationships. ¶ Observations of real relationships between organisms and their environments, as they exist in nature, reveal complex feedback loops working across multiple scales. These feedback loops operate by the simultaneous action of two observed phenomena. The first is the classic phenotypic relationship seen when organisms of the same genetic makeup instantiate differently based upon differences in their environment. This is the relationship that was originally proposed by Charles Darwin in his theory of natural selection of 1859. Darwin’s model is unidirectional: the organism adapts to its environment, but not the other way around. It operates at the local scale as individual parts react to the conditions of the whole. (Canguilhem, 1952). ¶ The second phenomenon, which sees its effect at the global scale, is the individual’s role as consumer and producer in the flows of energy and material that surround it. It is the subtle and incremental influence of the organism upon its environment, the results of which are often invisible until they reach a catastrophic threshold, at which point all organisms in the system feel global changes. ; The research presented in this paper addresses the dialectic between organism and environment as each responds reciprocally to the others’ changing state. Such feedback loops act in a non-linear fashion, across nested scales in biological systems. They can be modeled to act that way in a digital design process as well. This research is an exploration into one such model and its application to architecture: the simple communication between organisms as they affect and are affected by their environments through the use of signal chemicals.
keywords	Biology; Cellular Automata; Feedback; Material; Scripting
series	ACADIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	ddss2008-33
id	ddss2008-33
authors	Charlton, James A.; Bob Giddings and Margaret Horne
year	2008
title	A survey of computer software for the urban designprocess
source	H.J.P. Timmermans, B. de Vries (eds.) 2008, Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, ISBN 978-90-6814-173-3, University of Technology Eindhoven, published on CD
summary	Urban design is concerned with the shape, the surface and the physical arrangement of all kinds of urban elements, the basic components that make up the built environment, at the level of buildings, spaces and human activities. It is also concerned with the non-visual aspects of the environment, such as noise, wind and temperature and humidity. The city square is a particular urban element which can take many forms and its geometrical relationships such as maximum dimensions, ratio of width to length and building height to length have been analysed for centuries (Alberti 1475), (Vitruvius 1550), (Sitte 1889), (Corbett 2004). Within the current urban design process there are increasing examples of three dimensional computer representations which allow the user to experience a visual sense of the geometry of city squares in an urban landscape. Computer-aided design and Virtual Reality technologies have recently contributed to this visual assessment, but there have been limited attempts at 3D computer representations which allow the user to experience a greater sense of the urban space. This paper will describe a survey of computer tools which could support a more holistic approach to urban design and which could be used to simulate a number of urban texture and urban quality aspects. It will provide a systematic overview of currently available software that could support the simulation of building density, height, colour and style as well as conditions relating to noise, shading, heat, natural and artificial light. It will describe a methodology for the selection and filtering of appropriate computer applications and offer an initial evaluation of these tools for the analysis and representation of the three-dimensional geometry, urban texture and urban quality of city centre spaces. The paper is structured to include an introduction to the design criteria relating to city centre spaces which underpins this research. Next the systematic review of computer software will be described, and selected tools will undergo initial evaluation. Finally conclusions will be drawn and areas for future research identified.
keywords	Urban design, Software identification, 3D modelling, Pedestrian modelling, Wind modelling, Noise mapping, Thermal comfort, VR Engine
series	DDSS
last changed	2008/09/01 17:06

_id	caadria2008_43_session4b_350
id	caadria2008_43_session4b_350
authors	Chen, Rui; Xiangyu Wang
year	2008
title	Tangible Augmented Reality for Design Learning: An Implementation Framework
source	CAADRIA 2008 [Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Chiang Mai (Thailand) 9-12 April 2008, pp. 350-356
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2008.350
summary	Nowadays, it is becoming more and more popular for teaching and learning to be supported in technology-supported settings. These digital technologies create new instructional methods. Tangible Augmented Reality (AR) technology can construct an innovative and interactive learning space by merging computer-generated learning materials and stimuli of virtuality into a real space. Different cognitive and social-learning processes might be involved with different learning activities that can be potentially supported by different technology modes of tangible AR. This paper discusses an empirical research framework for designing and implementing tangible AR technologies to improve the pedagogical effectiveness of learning processes involved in architectural design education. The research framework includes the theoretical process of applying tangible AR in design learning, the devised experimentations and associated methodology. Issues and benefits of incorporating tangible AR into architectural design learning are also investigated and discussed.
keywords	Augmented Reality, architectural design learning, framework, learning theory, tangible interface
series	CAADRIA
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last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	acadia08_300
id	acadia08_300
authors	Doumpioti, Christina
year	2008
title	Adaptive Growth of Fibre Composite Structures
source	Silicon + Skin: Biological Processes and Computation, [Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) / ISBN 978-0-9789463-4-0] Minneapolis 16-19 October 2008, 300-307
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2008.300
summary	The core idea of this research is the incorporation of the morphogenetic principles found in natural systems in the generation of fibre-composite structures by exploiting, at the maximum, the intrinsic performative capacities of the material system in use. The intention is the integration of form, material, structure and program into a multi-performative system that will satisfy simultaneously several, even conflicting objectives, in order to achieve an optimal compromise. This process involves the combination and implementation of concepts and methods based on precedent studies in the field of biomimetics, as well as form-finding digital and physical experiments that inform a coherent design methodology, leading to a structural system able to be fabricated using cutting-edge technology.
keywords	Adaptation; Composite; Fiber; Integrative; Morphogenesis
series	ACADIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

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