Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	ddss2008-33
id	ddss2008-33
authors	Charlton, James A.; Bob Giddings and Margaret Horne
year	2008
title	A survey of computer software for the urban designprocess
source	H.J.P. Timmermans, B. de Vries (eds.) 2008, Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, ISBN 978-90-6814-173-3, University of Technology Eindhoven, published on CD
summary	Urban design is concerned with the shape, the surface and the physical arrangement of all kinds of urban elements, the basic components that make up the built environment, at the level of buildings, spaces and human activities. It is also concerned with the non-visual aspects of the environment, such as noise, wind and temperature and humidity. The city square is a particular urban element which can take many forms and its geometrical relationships such as maximum dimensions, ratio of width to length and building height to length have been analysed for centuries (Alberti 1475), (Vitruvius 1550), (Sitte 1889), (Corbett 2004). Within the current urban design process there are increasing examples of three dimensional computer representations which allow the user to experience a visual sense of the geometry of city squares in an urban landscape. Computer-aided design and Virtual Reality technologies have recently contributed to this visual assessment, but there have been limited attempts at 3D computer representations which allow the user to experience a greater sense of the urban space. This paper will describe a survey of computer tools which could support a more holistic approach to urban design and which could be used to simulate a number of urban texture and urban quality aspects. It will provide a systematic overview of currently available software that could support the simulation of building density, height, colour and style as well as conditions relating to noise, shading, heat, natural and artificial light. It will describe a methodology for the selection and filtering of appropriate computer applications and offer an initial evaluation of these tools for the analysis and representation of the three-dimensional geometry, urban texture and urban quality of city centre spaces. The paper is structured to include an introduction to the design criteria relating to city centre spaces which underpins this research. Next the systematic review of computer software will be described, and selected tools will undergo initial evaluation. Finally conclusions will be drawn and areas for future research identified.
keywords	Urban design, Software identification, 3D modelling, Pedestrian modelling, Wind modelling, Noise mapping, Thermal comfort, VR Engine
series	DDSS
last changed	2008/09/01 17:06

_id	acadia08_072
id	acadia08_072
authors	Frumar, Jerome
year	2008
title	An Energy Centric Approach to Architecture: Abstracting the material to co-rationalize design and performance
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2008.072
source	Silicon + Skin: Biological Processes and Computation, [Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) / ISBN 978-0-9789463-4-0] Minneapolis 16-19 October 2008, 72-81
summary	This paper begins by exploring matter as an aggregated system of energy transactions and modulations. With this in mind, it examines the notion of energy driven form finding as a design methodology that can simultaneously negotiate physical, environmental and fabrication considerations. The digital workspace enables this notion of form finding to re-establish itself in the world of architecture through a range of analytic tools that algorithmically encode real world physics. Simulating the spatial and energetic characteristics of reality enables virtual “form generation models that recognize the laws of physics and are able to create ‘minimum’ surfaces for compression, bending [and] tension” (Cook 2004). The language of energy, common in engineering and materials science, enables a renewed trans-disciplinary dialogue that addresses significant historic disjunctions such as the professional divide between architects and engineers. Design becomes a science of exploring abstracted energy states to discover a suitable resonance with which to tune the built environment. ¶ A case study of one particular method of energy driven form finding is presented. Bi-directional Evolutionary Structural Optimization (BESO) is a generative engineering technique developed at RMIT University. It appropriates natural growth strategies to determine optimum forms that respond to structural criteria by reorganizing their topology. This dynamic topology response enables structural optimization to become an integrated component of design exploration. A sequence of investigations illustrates the flexibility and trans-disciplinary benefits of this approach. Using BESO as a tool for design rather than purely for structural optimization fuses the creative approach of the architect with the pragmatic approach of the engineer, enabling outcomes that neither profession could develop in isolation. The BESO case study alludes to future design processes that will facilitate a coherent unfolding of design logic comparable to morphogenesis.
keywords	Energy; Form-Finding; Morphogenesis; Optimization; Structure
series	ACADIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ddss2008-30
id	ddss2008-30
authors	Hemmerling, Marco
year	2008
title	Digital MaterialPerception, Interaction and Immersion in Virtual Environments
source	H.J.P. Timmermans, B. de Vries (eds.) 2008, Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, ISBN 978-90-6814-173-3, University of Technology Eindhoven, published on CD
summary	This paper outlines two major aspects of virtual environments for architectural design. On the one hand it focusses on how to use virtual reality as an extended tool to generate spatial design by building up and interacting with a three-dimensional digital model. On the other hand it describes - based on a case study - the relation between perception, interaction and immersion in virtual environments. Both approaches can be interconnected to a continues design process, that allows the designer to create, manipulate, visualize and decide on spatial concepts in a holistic three-dimensional simulation.
keywords	Virtual Environment, Digital Architecture, Immersion, Perception, Human-Computer Interaction
series	DDSS
last changed	2008/09/01 17:06

_id	ecaade2008_163
id	ecaade2008_163
authors	Hemmerling, Marco; Lemberski, David
year	2008
title	Anaglyph Representation as Medium for Spatial Design
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2008.209
source	Architecture in Computro [26th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-7-2] Antwerpen (Belgium) 17-20 September 2008, pp. 209-214
summary	The paper discusses the use and possible applications of stereoscopic projection and anaglyph representation for the design-process and visualization of architectural spaces and three-dimensional objects. As the topic of stereoscopic vision is quiet broad and has a long tradition in various fields (photography, art, virtual reality) the paper focuses on the implementation of anaglyph representation in 3D-Modeling-Software as a tool to support spatial perception within the design process. Against this background and based on a test-series with 113 students the benefits and conditions of spatial perception, vision and sense using anaglyph representation are examined.
keywords	stereoscopic vision, spatial perception, anaglyph representation
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:49

_id	ecaade2008_039
id	ecaade2008_039
authors	Indraprastha, Aswin; Shinozaki, Michihiko
year	2008
title	Constructing Virtual Urban Environment Using Game Technology
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2008.359
source	Architecture in Computro [26th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-7-2] Antwerpen (Belgium) 17-20 September 2008, pp. 359-366
summary	Recent game technology ascends development of low-cost virtual environment to the next level in two domains : reality representation and user interaction or engagement. In architecture and urban design realm, realistic 3D representation become more important in such way of conceptualizing ideas and analyzing the context of design problem. This research will present development of virtual urban environment using game engine technology. Aim of this research is to promote game engine as a tool for visual representation, visual analysis and further basic tool for urban design study. At the end, we point out potentials as well as constraints both in technical and design method issues in game technology based on the research findings.
keywords	Game engine: virtual urban environment, design study, visual representation, visual analysis
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ijac20108101
id	ijac20108101
authors	Phan, Viet Toan; Seung Yeon Choo
year	2010
title	Augmented Reality-Based Education and Fire Protection for Traditional Korean Buildings
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 8 - no. 1, 75-91
summary	This study examines an application of Augmented Reality technology (AR) for Korean Cultural Traditional Buildings, specifically, the Namdaemun Gate, "National Treasure No 1" of the Republic of Korea. Unfortunately, in February 2008, the Namdaemun Gate burned down, despite the efforts of many firemen, as the main difficulty was getting the fire under control without any structural knowledge of the wooden building. Hence, with the great advances in digital technology, an application of virtual technical information to traditional buildings is needed, and the new technology of AR offers many such advantages for digital architectural design and construction fields. While AR is already being considered as new design approach for architecture, outdoor AR is another practical application that can take advantage of new wearable computer equipment (Head-mounted display also know as HMD, position and orientation sensors, and mobile computing) to superimpose virtual graphics of traditional buildings (in this case, Namdaemun Gate) in a real outdoor scene. Plus, outdoor AR also allows the user to move freely around and inside a 3D virtual construction, thereby offering important training opportunities, for example, specific structural information in the case of firemen and mission planning in the case of a real-life emergency. In this example, the proposed outdoor AR system is expected to provide important educational information on traditional wooden building for architects, archaeologists, and engineers, while also assisting firemen to protect such special buildings.
series	journal
last changed	2019/05/24 09:55

_id	9d5f
id	9d5f
authors	Podevyn M, Horne M, Fisher P, Thompson, E
year	2008
title	Global Visualisation Engines – Issues for Urban Landscape Planning Participation Processes
source	Digital Design in Landscape Architecture 2008, Proceedings at Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, 29-31 May 2008
summary	Traditional planning processes use two-dimensional drawings, plans, sections, elevations and artists’ impressions to communicate design intent to interested parties. Three-dimensional computer visualisation technologies that support the planning process raise institutional and organisational challenges as their perceived benefits are considered. Virtual Reality (VR) models add interactivity and immersiveness to landscape visualisations but require appropriate technical input and management. This paper explores two main themes. Firstly, how interactive 3D computer simulations of planning proposals can be adopted to successfully improve the traditional process. It reports on a pilot study to examine how architects, clients, planning officers and university researchers have worked together to systematically examine and analyse this changing process. It reports on issues concerned with ownership of city models, the roles and the compatibility, accuracy and remote sharing of urban data. Secondly, we explore the emerging theme of web-based GIS applications and their impact on architectural visualisation. The process of placing urban data onto Google Earth was tested and the resulting issues emerging with this software, including IT and data management and accuracy issues for suitable architectural visualisation are discussed. The study also reports and offers an overview of placing accurate urban landscape data onto Google Earth and a discussion of using this method for online public participation and communicating technical building information.
keywords	3D modelling, planning process, VR city models, Google Earth
series	other
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2008/11/02 21:09

_id	ecaade2008_035
id	ecaade2008_035
authors	Skertchly, Marco Marcello Montes; Cavazos, María Estela Sánchez; Nieva Montes de Oca, Álvaro
year	2008
title	Digital Environments as Facilitators of Architectural Space Perceptual Analysis
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2008.351
source	Architecture in Computro [26th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-7-2] Antwerpen (Belgium) 17-20 September 2008, pp. 351-358
summary	In this paper is presented the study of a student of the Design Master Postgraduate Program of the Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, with it the student is expected to get his title. The study is about the user’s perception of the architectural space and how it is influenced by it illumination conditions. The work is being carried by the digital modeling and the simulation of the illuminating conditions, using photorealistic virtual reality digital environments. It makes possible to manipulate the architectural space compound elements in a rapid and anticipated way, after the data analysis of the results the architectural space and their illuminating conditions are going to be modeled and simulated using the full scale (1:1) Architectonic Space Modelation and Simulation Laboratory of the University.
keywords	Architectural perception, Digital environments, Architectural space, Space experimentation and quasi experimentation
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	ecaade2008_116
id	ecaade2008_116
authors	Spaeth, A. Benjamin
year	2008
title	Room Acoustics in the Architectural Design Process
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2008.367
source	Architecture in Computro [26th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-7-2] Antwerpen (Belgium) 17-20 September 2008, pp. 367-374
summary	The basic principles, methods, and digital tools for the analysis of room acoustics are the topic of this paper. Students have been using these analysis and simulation tools during a seminar at Stuttgart University to systematically investigate acoustical situations. Additionally to lecturing on the underlying physics of room acoustics we were trying to convey the impact of geometry on room acoustics and therefore the impact of room acoustics on shapes in architecture. This paper describes the implementation of a real time simulation module for room acoustics within our Virtual Reality System.
keywords	Room Acoustics, Virtual Reality, Design Tools, Education
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	9609
id	9609
authors	Abdelmohsen, Sherif; Do, Ellen Yi-Luen
year	2008
title	Energy Puppet: An Ambient Awareness Interface for Home Energy Consumption
source	Digital proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Social Intelligence Design (SID 2008), School of Architecture, Universidad de Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
summary	The Energy Puppet is an ambient display device that provides peripheral awareness of energy consumption for individual home appliances. The display produces different “pet-like” behavioral reactions according to energy use patterns of the appliances to give homeowners an indication of their energy consumption status. The puppet would raise its “arms” in victory to display normal consumption rate, or its “eyes” would change color to red and “roar” to warn the homeowners when the specific appliance reaches dangerously high consumption rates. The assumption is that the awareness of energy consumption could affect how people consume and control energy use in their households. This paper describes the usage scenarios and the design and implementation of Energy Puppet and discusses future research directions.
keywords	Ambient Intelligence, Peripheral Awareness, Energy Consumption
series	other
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2010/01/30 07:22

_id	ddss2008-15
id	ddss2008-15
authors	Vreenegoor, Rona C.P.; B. de Vries and J.L.M. Hensen
year	2008
title	Comparing district designsScreening analysis of the critical factors at the building level
source	H.J.P. Timmermans, B. de Vries (eds.) 2008, Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, ISBN 978-90-6814-173-3, University of Technology Eindhoven, published on CD
summary	More and more urban designs show the appliance of low-energy techniques. Unfortunately, it is difficult to determine which one of these urban designs has the best results for energy consumption and CO2-emissions because of a lack of methods and techniques at district level. A new energy performance calculation method at district level including aspects like houses, transport and households is presented. In this paper we focus on the critical factors at the building level that should be included in a district data model. Therefore we have executed a screening analysis to indicate what the critical factors are.
keywords	Design support, energy performance simulation, district model, residents’ preferences
series	DDSS
last changed	2008/09/01 17:06

_id	ecaade2008_160
id	ecaade2008_160
authors	Aschwanden, Gideon; Halatsch, Jan; Schmitt , Gerhard
year	2008
title	Crowd Simulation for Urban Planning
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2008.493
source	Architecture in Computro [26th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-7-2] Antwerpen (Belgium) 17-20 September 2008, pp. 493-500
summary	This paper presents a semi-automatic visualization method for the evaluation of urban environments that is based on artificial intelligence. It proposes the use of agent-based crowd simulation software on a mid-scale urban planning level for design evaluation. The information on agents’ movements is noted in standard raster images. The results are maps that are easy to understand. These maps show movement paths of the agents and density and give further conclusion on bottlenecks in planning contexts. Key measures, like the occupant movement in a given district, until now relied greatly on empirical knowledge or data that could be only gathered after an urban design had become built reality. Our method focuses on the adaptation of common software technology that is originally situated in film and TV productions. A practical workflow shows how our method can be easily integrated in daily design tasks.
keywords	Artificial intelligence, agent-based, crowd simulation, urban planning, design evaluation, occupant movement
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	acadia08_464
id	acadia08_464
authors	Belcher, Daniel; Brian Johnson
year	2008
title	MxR: A Physical Model-Based Mixed Reality Interface for Design Collaboration, Simulation, Visualization and Form Generation
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2008.464
source	Silicon + Skin: Biological Processes and Computation, [Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) / ISBN 978-0-9789463-4-0] Minneapolis 16-19 October 2008, 464-471
summary	MxR—pronounced “mixer”—is a Mixed/Augmented Reality system intended to support collaboration during early phases of architectural design. MxR allows an interdisciplinary group of practitioners and stakeholders to gather around a table, discuss and test different hypotheses, visualize results, simulate different physical systems, and generate simple forms. MxR is also a test-bed for collaborative interactions and demonstrates different configuration potentials, from exploration of individual alternatives to group discussion around a physical model. As a MR-VR transitional interface, MxR allows for movement along the reality-virtuality continuum, while employing a simple tangible user-interface and a MagicLens interaction technique.
keywords	Augmented Reality; Collaboration; Interactive; Interface; Physical Modeling
series	ACADIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	sigradi2008_077
id	sigradi2008_077
authors	Briones, Carolina
year	2008
title	A collaborative project experience in an architectural framework, working with Open Source applications and physical computing [Diseño de Plataformas Digitales e Interactivas: una experiencia educativa trabajando colaborativamente con aplicaciones de Código Abierto y Computación Física]
source	SIGraDi 2008 - [Proceedings of the 12th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] La Habana - Cuba 1-5 December 2008
summary	Nowadays, thanks to the telecommunication revolution and therefore the massive spread of Internet, we have seen the come up of international architectural offices with branches located in different continent, working in a collaborative fashion, surpassing physical and time frontiers. At the same time, the multidisciplinary work between designers, architects, engineers, programmers and even biologist, between others, have been taking place in the new network society. All transformations also supported by the arising of FOSS (Free Open Source Software) and the virtual communities behind them, which allow the creation of non-traditional or specific software, the association between disciplines, and also, the formation of meeting scenarios for a mixture of individuals coming up with multiple motivation to coexist in collaborative environment. Furthermore, it is possible to argue that Open Source applications are also the reflection of a social movement, based on the open creation and exchange of information and knowledge. Do the appeared of FOSS compel us to re-think our working and teaching methods? Do they allow new modes of organizing and collaborating inside our architectural practices?. This paper would like to address these questions, by presenting the results of the “Experience Design” course, which by implementing teaching methods based on Open Source principles and cutting-edge tools, seeks to approach students to these new “way of do”, knowledge and methodologies, and overall, focus them on the science behind the computer. This paper describes the “Experience Design” course, in which architectural graduate students of Universidad Diego Portales (Chile), put for first time their hands on the creation of interactive interfaces. By acquiring basic knowledge of programming and physical computing, students built in a collaborative way a responsive physical installation. The course use as applications “Processing” and “Arduino”. The first one is an Open Source programming language and environment for users who want to program images, animation, and interactions. It has a visual context and serve as a software sketchbook and professional production tool. Processing is a project initiated by Ben Fry and Casey Reas, at the MIT Media Lab (www.processing.org). The second is an Open Source electronics prototyping platform based on flexible, easy-to-use hardware and software. Arduino has a microcontroller (programmed with Processing language) which can sense the environment by receiving input from a variety of sensors and can affect its surroundings by controlling lights, motors, and other actuators (www.arduino.cc). Both environments shared a growing community of people working in related projects and extending useful assistance for beginners. In this paper it is presented the current state of the pilot course and some of the initials results collected during the process. Students and teacher’s debates and evaluations of the experience have been exposed. Together with a critical evaluation in relation to the accomplishment of the effort of place together different disciplines in one collaborative project akin, architecture, design, programming and electronic. Finally, futures modifications of the course are discussed, together with consideration to take in account at the moment of bring Open Source and programming culture into the student curriculum.
keywords	Physical computing, teaching framework, Open Source, Interactive Installation
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	ecaade2008_103
id	ecaade2008_103
authors	Chase, Scott; Schultz, Ryan; Brouchoud, Jon
year	2008
title	Gather ’round the Wiki-Tree
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2008.809
source	Architecture in Computro [26th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-7-2] Antwerpen (Belgium) 17-20 September 2008, pp. 809-816
summary	The growth of internet based communication has facilitated the development of open source, collaborative projects. Here we describe the results of three ‘Wikitecture’ experiments in collaborative, open source architectural design within the virtual world Second Life. We describe the in-world platform developed and its use for a design competition entry. Issues such as contribution assessment and the role of open source collaborative design in architecture and construction are discussed, concluding with a wish list for future enhancements.
keywords	Virtual worlds, wikis, open source architecture, collaborative design
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	caadria2008_59_session6a_487
id	caadria2008_59_session6a_487
authors	Chevrier, C.; J.P. Perrin
year	2008
title	Interactive parametric modelling: POG a tool the cultural heritage monument 3D reconstruction
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2008.487
source	CAADRIA 2008 [Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Chiang Mai (Thailand) 9-12 April 2008, pp. 487-493
summary	Historic monument and archaeological site 3D reconstruction is nowadays often required for many applications (scientific and architectural studies, virtual visits for a better understanding of the monument, etc). This task is very time-consuming. Automating the modelling of the most common components could ease this 3D work and produce accurate, consistent and re-usable models. Based upon compound rules of architectural elements but also upon various other data sources such as photographs and 3D laser scans, we have conceived and developed an interactive tool for virtual 3D reconstruction of heritage monuments. It allows a quick modelling and accurate adjustments to the measured data. This tool could be a great help for architects and archaeologists. Research first has began with the study of classical architecture, and has gone on with other architectural styles. Architectural elements are described with parametric data, then generated by our tool. Our main application context was the town of Nancy in France where there are lots of classical architecture buildings which allow us to test our tool. It will be further extended to be applied to other architectural styles and will be combined with photogrammetry methods.
keywords	parametric modelling, cultural heritage, 3D model
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	caadria2008_61_session6a_501
id	caadria2008_61_session6a_501
authors	Christensen, Peter; Marc Aurel Schnabel
year	2008
title	Spatial polyphony: Virtual Architecture Generated from the Music of J.S. Bach
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2008.501
source	CAADRIA 2008 [Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Chiang Mai (Thailand) 9-12 April 2008, pp. 501-509
summary	This paper documents the process and outcomes of a digital design project with the aim of translating music into architecture. Parametric software has been used to generate 48 virtual forms from the preludes and fugues of Book I of The Well-Tempered Clavier (bwv 846-869), by Johann Sebastian Bach. The paper discusses historical connections between architecture and music in the Western tradition and in relation to contemporary thought and practice.
keywords	Architecture: music; digital; parametric
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	ecaade2008_073
id	ecaade2008_073
authors	Dalla Vecchia, Luisa; da Silva, Adriane; Pereira , Alice
year	2008
title	Teaching/Learning Architectural Design Based on a Virtual Learning Environment
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2008.801
source	Architecture in Computro [26th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-7-2] Antwerpen (Belgium) 17-20 September 2008, pp. 801-808
summary	This paper describes an experiment in which a virtual learning environment was used in the context of an architectural design course. The objective was to evaluate the capability of the learning environment used to support the interactions needed, between teacher-student and between students, for the establishment of a process of discussion and development of architectural design. Some limitations imposed either by the virtual learning environment or by the context of the experiment itself were identified and also positive points, such as the possibility to register the whole design process. All this data subside studies about the process of teaching/learning architectural design validating this experiment and allowing the promotion of new experiments in the different stages of this academic process.
keywords	architectural design, technology in education, virtual learning environment
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	sigradi2008_012
id	sigradi2008_012
authors	Dokonal, Wolfgang
year	2008
title	What is the state of digital architectural design?
source	SIGraDi 2008 - [Proceedings of the 12th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] La Habana - Cuba 1-5 December 2008
summary	What is the state of digital architectural design? The ubiquity of the computer in architecture can be seen in the many computer based presentations from famous architectural practices. BIM (Building Information Modelling) is the key word and we can see implementations in very ambitious projects all over the world. Glossy magazines show the results of this kind of architecture and predict that this is the future of our profession. But when we go out into the “small world” (in Europe) and talk with architects in small firms, there is a very different reality – at least at the moment. Although they all agree that the computer is crucial for their work, it is a love/hate relationship for many them. Most still use the computer purely as a drafting device and AutoCAD is still the dominant tool. Although many of them agree with the statement that you can use the computer for design, only a minority really use the computer as a design tool in the early design stages. To find out more about the reality of the use of computers in design in “small town Europe” we have been undertaking two different kinds of research over the past 4 years. The first one is an educational experiment using first year’s students to find out about the different qualities of designing with and without the computer. The results have been presented at previous conferences and, since we are doing a last run of these experiments this year, we will update and finalise our findings in this paper. To make it comparable to previous years, we use largely the same settings using the same type of student (first year) and the same project/site. We will also be comparing the results for students designing ‘freestyle’ ie in the way that they want against the previous years controlled groups. The second strand of research we have followed is a survey amongst practitioners and some of the above statements came out of this survey. We did this survey using a web questionnaire and focused on a particular region of Europe. Although the numbers of participants for this survey were quite satisfying we are re-running the survey in a different region and country to see whether there are significant differences. The results of our research and our experience as teachers and architects leads us to the main question of how we can give recommendations on how to teach design the new generation of architects. In many aspects most of the teaching that is done in our faculties is still strictly divided into teaching design and teaching computer skills. The crucial question for architectural education are the implications of the ubiquity of the computer will have especially in the field of design. We will try to give some suggestions for these effects this could have on our teaching. In the long run, this is the only way to avoid some of the pitfalls and bring the benefits of computers in design to our small architectural firms. The paper will present a summary of the results of our research and try to propose an answer to the question: “What is the state of digital design in small town Europe?”
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:50

_id	ecaade2008_049
id	ecaade2008_049
authors	Dokonal, Wolfgang
year	2008
title	Creating and Using 3D City Models
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2008.223
source	Architecture in Computro [26th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-7-2] Antwerpen (Belgium) 17-20 September 2008, pp. 223-230
summary	City modelling is a topic which has been on the agenda for a long time. Today crucial questions concerning the creation of a city model are resolved. The vision of the automatic generation of the 3D geometry of a city out of high resolution digital aerial images is a reality now. These new developments decreased the cost for creating and maintaining a 3D city model of a complete city significantly. This paper wants to outline the ‘history’ of 3D city models and show recent developments in this field. An overview about current applications and uses in this field in Austria and the implementation into daily work is shown with examples (Graz and Vienna city models). Additionally the new developments like Street View in Google Earth or Bird’s Eye in Virtual earth are discussed in relation to their 3D ‘relatives’.
keywords	3Dcity Models, GIS, Google Earth, Virtual Earth
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

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