Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	acadia08_066
id	acadia08_066
authors	Ahlquist, Sean; Moritz Fleischmann
year	2008
title	Material & Space: Synthesis Strategies based on Evolutionary Developmental Biology
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2008.066
source	Silicon + Skin: Biological Processes and Computation, [Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) / ISBN 978-0-9789463-4-0] Minneapolis 16-19 October 2008, 66-71
summary	A material system can be defined as a set of self-organized materials, defining a certain spatial arrangement. In architecture, this material arrangement acts as a threshold for space, though space often only appears as a by-product of the material organization. Treating space as a resulting, therefore secondary, independent product minimizes the capacity to generate architecture that is astutely aware of concerns of functionality, environment and energy. An effective arrangement of material can only be determined in relation to the spaces that it defines. When proposing a more critical approach, a material system can be seen as an intimate inter-connection and reciprocal exchange between the material construct and the spatial conditions. It is necessary to re-define material system as a system that coevolves spatial and material configurations through analysis of the resultant whole, in a process of integration and evaluation. ¶ With this understanding of material system comes an expansion in the number of criteria that are simultaneously engaged in the evolution of the design. The material characteristics, as well as the spatial components and forces (external and internal), are pressures onto the arrangement of material and space. ¶ This brings a high degree of complexity to the process. Biological systems are built on methods that resolve complex interactions through sets of simple yet extensible rules. Evolutionary Developmental Biology explains how growth is an interconnected process of external forces registering fitness into a fixed catalogue of morphological genetic tools. Translating the specific framework for biological growth into computational processes, allows the pursuit of an architecture that is fully informed by the interaction of space and material.
keywords	Biology; Computation; Material; Parametric; System
series	ACADIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	cf2011_p127
id	cf2011_p127
authors	Benros, Deborah; Granadeiro Vasco, Duarte Jose, Knight Terry
year	2011
title	Integrated Design and Building System for the Provision of Customized Housing: the Case of Post-Earthquake Haiti
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 247-264.
summary	The paper proposes integrated design and building systems for the provision of sustainable customized housing. It advances previous work by applying a methodology to generate these systems from vernacular precedents. The methodology is based on the use of shape grammars to derive and encode a contemporary system from the precedents. The combined set of rules can be applied to generate housing solutions tailored to specific user and site contexts. The provision of housing to shelter the population affected by the 2010 Haiti earthquake illustrates the application of the methodology. A computer implementation is currently under development in C# using the BIM platform provided by Revit. The world experiences a sharp increase in population and a strong urbanization process. These phenomena call for the development of effective means to solve the resulting housing deficit. The response of the informal sector to the problem, which relies mainly on handcrafted processes, has resulted in an increase of urban slums in many of the big cities, which lack sanitary and spatial conditions. The formal sector has produced monotonous environments based on the idea of mass production that one size fits all, which fails to meet individual and cultural needs. We propose an alternative approach in which mass customization is used to produce planed environments that possess qualities found in historical settlements. Mass customization, a new paradigm emerging due to the technological developments of the last decades, combines the economy of scale of mass production and the aesthetics and functional qualities of customization. Mass customization of housing is defined as the provision of houses that respond to the context in which they are built. The conceptual model for the mass customization of housing used departs from the idea of a housing type, which is the combined result of three systems (Habraken, 1988) -- spatial, building system, and stylistic -- and it includes a design system, a production system, and a computer system (Duarte, 2001). In previous work, this conceptual model was tested by developing a computer system for existing design and building systems (Benr__s and Duarte, 2009). The current work advances it by developing new and original design, building, and computer systems for a particular context. The urgent need to build fast in the aftermath of catastrophes quite often overrides any cultural concerns. As a result, the shelters provided in such circumstances are indistinct and impersonal. However, taking individual and cultural aspects into account might lead to a better identification of the population with their new environment, thereby minimizing the rupture caused in their lives. As the methodology to develop new housing systems is based on the idea of architectural precedents, choosing existing vernacular housing as a precedent permits the incorporation of cultural aspects and facilitates an identification of people with the new housing. In the Haiti case study, we chose as a precedent a housetype called ‚Äúgingerbread houses‚Äù, which includes a wide range of houses from wealthy to very humble ones. Although the proposed design system was inspired by these houses, it was decided to adopt a contemporary take. The methodology to devise the new type was based on two ideas: precedents and transformations in design. In architecture, the use of precedents provides designers with typical solutions for particular problems and it constitutes a departing point for a new design. In our case, the precedent is an existing housetype. It has been shown (Duarte, 2001) that a particular housetype can be encoded by a shape grammar (Stiny, 1980) forming a design system. Studies in shape grammars have shown that the evolution of one style into another can be described as the transformation of one shape grammar into another (Knight, 1994). The used methodology departs takes off from these ideas and it comprises the following steps (Duarte, 2008): (1) Selection of precedents, (2) Derivation of an archetype; (3) Listing of rules; (4) Derivation of designs; (5) Cataloguing of solutions; (6) Derivation of tailored solution.
keywords	Mass customization, Housing, Building system, Sustainable construction, Life cycle energy consumption, Shape grammar
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	acadia08_142
id	acadia08_142
authors	Sprecher, Aaron; Paul Kalnitz
year	2008
title	Degrees and Switches
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2008.142
source	Silicon + Skin: Biological Processes and Computation, [Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) / ISBN 978-0-9789463-4-0] Minneapolis 16-19 October 2008, 142-151
summary	In recent years, evolutionary biology has been the focus of post-Darwinist theories superseding the mere notion of variation with a concept called evolutionary development. The theory of evolutionary development, commonly referred to as evo-devo, follows a series of observations on the nature of organic developments and natural morphologies. Its main contribution rests on an evolutionary model that considers the similarities of genetic material forming organisms and their differences in morphological development due to switching mechanisms between the assigned genes. As observed by the American biologist Sean Carroll, evolution follows regulatory sequences of selector genes that are similar and can be found across various species of insects, plants and animals. ¶ This observation represents a counter-proposal to the old-modern evolutionary theories that looked at processes of adaptation as a function of the emergence of new genes. Evo-devo, on the contrary, recognizes that morphological differences are triggered by recombinatory switches that re-arrange genes in manifold ways to produce numerous characteristics of adaptation. ¶ From a design point of view, evo-devo has tremendous implications because it suggests that generative design protocols may induce sets of similar operations, yet stimulate a wide range of morphologies according to their sequential arrangements and activities. These generative design strategies include, among others, computational methods such as structural shape annealing and object-oriented analysis and design. While these methods are now integrating computing design practices, it is here proposed to review these two computational design methods in the context of three research projects.
keywords	Algorithm; Evolution; Genetic; Object-Oriented; Stochastic
series	ACADIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	acadia08_292
id	acadia08_292
authors	Celento, David; Del Harrow
year	2008
title	ceramiSKIN: Digital Possibilities for Ceramic Cladding Systems
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2008.292
source	Silicon + Skin: Biological Processes and Computation, [Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) / ISBN 978-0-9789463-4-0] Minneapolis 16-19 October 2008, 292-299
summary	CeramiSKIN is an inter-disciplinary investigation by an architect and a ceramics artist examining new possibilities for ceramic cladding using digital design and digital fabrication techniques. Research shown is part of an ongoing collaborative residency at The European Ceramics Work Centre. ¶ Ceramics are durable, sustainable, and capable of easily assuming detailed shapes with double curvature making ceramics seemingly ideal for digitally inspired “plastic” architecture. The primary reason for the decline in complex ceramic cladding is that manual mold-making is time-consuming—which is at odds with today’s high labor costs and compressed construction timeframes. We assert that digital advances in the area of mold-making will assist in removing some of the barriers for the use of complex ceramic cladding in architecture. ; The primary goals of ceramiSKIN as they relate to digitally assisted production are: greater variety and complexity, reduced cost and time, a higher degree of accuracy, and an attempt to facilitate a wider range of digital design possibilities through the use of a ceramics in architectural cladding systems. ¶ The following paper begins with an overview discussing double curvature and biophilia in architecture and their relationship to ceramics. This is followed by detailed commentary on three different experiments prior to a concluding summary.
keywords	Biomorphic; Collaboration; Complex Geometry; Digital Fabrication; Skin
series	ACADIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	ascaad2016_027
id	ascaad2016_027
authors	Cocho-Bermejo, Ana
year	2016
title	Time in Adaptable Architecture - Deployable emergency intelligent membrane
source	Parametricism Vs. Materialism: Evolution of Digital Technologies for Development [8th ASCAAD Conference Proceedings ISBN 978-0-9955691-0-2] London (United Kingdom) 7-8 November 2016, pp. 249-258
summary	The term "Parametricism" widespread mainly by Patrick Schumacher (Schumacher, 2008) is worthy of study. Developing the concept of Human Oriented Parametric Architecture, the need of implementing time as the lost parameter in current adaptive design techniques will be discussed. Morphogenetic processes ideas will be discussed through the principle of an adaptable membrane as a case study. A model implementing a unique Arduino[i] on the façade will control its patterns performance through an Artificial Neural Network that will understand the kind of scenario the building is in, activating a Genetic Algorithm that will optimize the insulation performance of the ETFE pillows. The system will work with a global behavior for façade pattern performance and with a local one for each pillow, giving the option of individual sun-shading control. Machine learning implementation will give the façade the possibility to learn from the efficacy of its decisions through time, eliminating the need of a general on-off behavior.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2017/05/25 13:31

_id	69d2
id	69d2
authors	Derix, Christian
year	2008
title	Genetically Modified Space: Evolutionary Design in Practice
source	In David Littlefield (ed), ‘Space Craft: Advanced in Architectural Computing’, RIBA publications, March 2008
summary	Genetically Modified Spaces discusses three projects implementing three different evolutionary algorithms and types of selection processes, to evolve spatial configurations for buildings and masterplans. The level of participation by the user varies from observation to collaboration in directing the search of the design space.
keywords	evolutionary architecture, genetic algorithms, space planning, emergence
series	book
type	normal paper
email
more	http://www.ribabookshops.com/item/space-craft-developments-in-architectural-computing/63560/
last changed	2012/09/20 18:09

_id	ddss2004_ra-33
id	ddss2004_ra-33
authors	Diappi, L., P. Bolchim, and M. Buscema
year	2004
title	Improved Understanding of Urban Sprawl Using Neural Networks
source	Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) Recent Advances in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN: 14020-2408-8, p. 33-49
summary	It is widely accepted that the spatial pattern of settlements is a crucial factor affecting quality of life and environmental sustainability, but few recent studies have attempted to examine the phenomenon of sprawl by modelling the process rather than adopting a descriptive approach. The issue was partly addressed by models of land use and transportation which were mainly developed in the UK and US in the 1970s and 1980s, but the major advances were made in the area of modelling transportation, while very little was achieved in the area of spatial and temporal land use. Models of land use and transportation are well-established tools, based on explicit, exogenouslyformulated rules within a theoretical framework. The new approaches of artificial intelligence, and in particular, systems involving parallel processing, (Neural Networks, Cellular Automata and Multi-Agent Systems) defined by the expression “Neurocomputing”, allow problems to be approached in the reverse, bottom-up, direction by discovering rules, relationships and scenarios from a database. In this article we examine the hypothesis that territorial micro-transformations occur according to a local logic, i.e. according to use, accessibility, the presence of services and conditions of centrality, periphericity or isolation of each territorial “cell” relative to its surroundings. The prediction capabilities of different architectures of supervised Neural networks are implemented to the south Metropolitan area of Milan at two different temporal thresholds and discussed. Starting from data on land use in 1980 and 1994 and by subdividing the area into square cells on an orthogonal grid, the model produces a spatial and functional map of urbanisation in 2008. An implementation of the SOM (Self Organizing Map) processing to the Data Base allows the typologies of transformation to be identified, i.e. the classes of area which are transformed in the same way and which give rise to territorial morphologies; this is an interesting by-product of the approach.
keywords	Neural Networks, Self-Organizing Maps, Land-Use Dynamics, Supervised Networks
series	DDSS
last changed	2004/07/03 22:13

_id	acadia08_072
id	acadia08_072
authors	Frumar, Jerome
year	2008
title	An Energy Centric Approach to Architecture: Abstracting the material to co-rationalize design and performance
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2008.072
source	Silicon + Skin: Biological Processes and Computation, [Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) / ISBN 978-0-9789463-4-0] Minneapolis 16-19 October 2008, 72-81
summary	This paper begins by exploring matter as an aggregated system of energy transactions and modulations. With this in mind, it examines the notion of energy driven form finding as a design methodology that can simultaneously negotiate physical, environmental and fabrication considerations. The digital workspace enables this notion of form finding to re-establish itself in the world of architecture through a range of analytic tools that algorithmically encode real world physics. Simulating the spatial and energetic characteristics of reality enables virtual “form generation models that recognize the laws of physics and are able to create ‘minimum’ surfaces for compression, bending [and] tension” (Cook 2004). The language of energy, common in engineering and materials science, enables a renewed trans-disciplinary dialogue that addresses significant historic disjunctions such as the professional divide between architects and engineers. Design becomes a science of exploring abstracted energy states to discover a suitable resonance with which to tune the built environment. ¶ A case study of one particular method of energy driven form finding is presented. Bi-directional Evolutionary Structural Optimization (BESO) is a generative engineering technique developed at RMIT University. It appropriates natural growth strategies to determine optimum forms that respond to structural criteria by reorganizing their topology. This dynamic topology response enables structural optimization to become an integrated component of design exploration. A sequence of investigations illustrates the flexibility and trans-disciplinary benefits of this approach. Using BESO as a tool for design rather than purely for structural optimization fuses the creative approach of the architect with the pragmatic approach of the engineer, enabling outcomes that neither profession could develop in isolation. The BESO case study alludes to future design processes that will facilitate a coherent unfolding of design logic comparable to morphogenesis.
keywords	Energy; Form-Finding; Morphogenesis; Optimization; Structure
series	ACADIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ecaade2008_079
id	ecaade2008_079
authors	Hemmerling, Marco; Knaack, Ulrich; Schulz, Jens-Uwe
year	2008
title	Complexity in Digital Architectural Design
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2008.085
source	Architecture in Computro [26th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-7-2] Antwerpen (Belgium) 17-20 September 2008, pp. 85-90
summary	The association of complexity and geometry was the starting point for an academic project at the chair of Computer Aided Design in Detmold. The students were asked to analyze a complex structure - taken from nature, art, technology or society - regarding the underlying geometrical rules and principles. The translation of these abstract geometric principles (logarithmic spiral, polyhedron, rotational solids, mesh-work, double helix…) into a three-dimensional structure was then realized in Rhinoceros. The 3D-modeling was followed by a transformation- and optimization-process of the initial shape by using the evolutionary principles of mutation and selection. The set-up for these variations followed predefined rules and principles for the manipulation of the original structure.
keywords	Geometry, Complexity, Computer Aided Design, Architecture
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:49

_id	ecaade2008_091
id	ecaade2008_091
authors	Holzer, Dominik
year	2008
title	Let’s get Physical
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2008.125
source	Architecture in Computro [26th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-7-2] Antwerpen (Belgium) 17-20 September 2008, pp. 125-132
summary	This paper presents an approach for familiarizing architecture students with concepts of environmental performance in the early design stages. A design studio was run at the University of Technology Sydney by Leena Thomas and the author where students were applying building performance analysis to inform their design process from the very beginning of the semester. Students were using parametric design and evolutionary structural optimization in conjunction with environmental performance optimization. Michael Hensel and Defne Sunguroglu (Ocean North) joined the studio at half time for a workshop to investigate how processes occurring in nature can be mapped to inform the morphological design process. In spite the multitude of challenges put to the students during the semester in regard to their design methodology and techniques, they were able to produce highly performative and aesthetically pleasing design outcomes.
keywords	environmental design, structural optimization, parametric design, design education, morphologic design exploration
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	acadia08_286
id	acadia08_286
authors	Khan, Omar
year	2008
title	Reconfigurable Molds as Architecture Machines
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2008.286
source	Silicon + Skin: Biological Processes and Computation, [Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) / ISBN 978-0-9789463-4-0] Minneapolis 16-19 October 2008, 286-291
summary	In The Architecture Machine (1970), Nicholas Negroponte postulates the development of design machines wherein the “design process, considered as evolutionary, can be presented to a machine, also considered as evolutionary, and a mutual training, resilience, and growth can be developed.” The book, dedicated to “the first machine that can appreciate the gesture,” argues for developing machines with human like qualities. This paper aims to develop an alternative trajectory to the “evolutionary” architecture machine, this time not towards anthropomorphism but responsiveness. The aim on one level is the same: to create machines that appreciate the gesture. However our approach is tied to more modest aims and means that bring current thinking on evolutionary processes and the forming of materials together. The reconfigurable mold (RCM) is an architecture machine that produces parts that can be combined to create more complex organizations. The molds are simple analog computers that employ various continuous scales like volume, weight and heat to develop their unique components. Parametric alterations are made possible by affecting these measures in the process of fabrication. An underlying material that is instrumental in the molds is rubber, whose variable elasticity provides unique possibilities for indexing the gesture that remains elusive for industrial processes.
keywords	Casting; Digital Fabrication; Generative; Material; Morphogenesis
series	ACADIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	sigradi2008_078
id	sigradi2008_078
authors	Lobos, Danny; Dirk Donath
year	2008
title	Top down and bottom up – using BIM to merge these two design strategies.
source	SIGraDi 2008 - [Proceedings of the 12th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] La Habana - Cuba 1-5 December 2008
summary	Our current research is focused on the optimization and evaluation of the architectural building design (gestalt), related and in balance to the inner organization of a building, the floorplan layout. This paper is focused on the impact of Space Layout Planning supported by Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) applied to Architectural Design. We present an overview and wide description of the „architectural design“, the classical definition and methods; and its evolution in practice since the ICT tools impact of the last forty years. Definition such as space program, space relationships, space function are wide discussed to understand the phenomena of architectural layout design, the parameters, variables, constraints and goals of each design. Second we present the state of the art and the current techniques and approaches (optimization, generative systems, artificial intelligence, genetic algorithms, physically based modeling, etc), a classification structure is generated to visualize the areas of impact and use of each technique (different areas from architectural design). Finally we described a complete framework to research and develop our own methodologies based on a specific case of architectural design, the current CAD tools and the possible develop of new tools using the impact of BIM systems.
keywords	space layout planning, computer aided design, functional planning, architectural floor layout, design methodologies, simulation and evaluation
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:55

_id	acadia08_332
id	acadia08_332
authors	Marin, Philippe; Jean-Claude Bignon ;Hervé Lequay
year	2008
title	A Genetic Algorithm for Use in Creative Design Processes
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2008.332
source	Silicon + Skin: Biological Processes and Computation, [Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) / ISBN 978-0-9789463-4-0] Minneapolis 16-19 October 2008, 332-339
summary	This paper deals with natural growth mechanisms applied to architectural design processes. We implement a genetic algorithm as part of a digital tool to be used in the creative design process. This evolutionary process is evaluated by means of environmental parameters, passive solar qualities and the designer’s individual requirements. A morphogenetic process is put forward, based on a “metamorphosis strategy”.
keywords	Algorithm; Analysis; Environment; Genetic; Performance
series	ACADIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	martens02_paper_eaea2007
id	martens02_paper_eaea2007
authors	Martens, Bob
year	2008
title	Endoscopy Without Endoscopes: Alternatives for Gaining Shared-In-Sights at an Eye-Level
source	Proceedings of the 8th European Architectural Endoscopy Association Conference
summary	This contribution is an attempt to explain the evolution of endoscopy in design and planning. While in early uses of endoscopy aspects of handling the instrument used to be at the centre of attention, they have come to be replaced by the notion of gaining deliberate insights into architectural or urban planning models. Does that mean endoscopy without an endoscope? In the following it will be shown that insights can be gained even without the use of an endoscopic device, provided the process of observation is consciously analysed. The focus lies on the perspective of the end-user. This observation is illustrated by the case study on Dehnepark in Vienna and sustained by the research activities accompanying the design process.
keywords	design process, environmental psychology, end-user perspective, UNA (User Need Analysis), Dehnepark, Vienna
series	EAEA
email
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/eaea
last changed	2008/04/29 20:46

_id	ecaade2008_000
id	ecaade2008_000
authors	Muylle, Marc (ed.)
year	2008
title	ARCHITECTURE ‘in computro’ - Integrating methods and techniques
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2008
source	26th eCAADe Conference Proceedings [ISBN 978-0-9541183-7-2], Antwerp (Belgium) 26-29 September 2008, 968 p.
summary	The presence of both visible and hidden digital resources in daily life is overwhelming and their presence continues to grow exponentially. It is surprising how little the impact of this evolution is questioned, especially in education. Reflecting on past experiences of this subject to learn for the future seems rarely to be done, and the sheer fact that a digital method exists is often seen as sufficient justification for its use. Are these the perceptions of serious misgivings or isolated views that circulate in the educational world and beyond? We would suggest that the eCAADe (Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe) and its conferences provide the ideal forum to provide answers in this debate. For the first conference in what is to be the next quarter century of the existence of eCAADe, a theme was chosen that could easily include all aspects of this debate: ARCHITECTURE ‘in computro’ , Integrating methods and techniques It seems a bit vulgar to use a dog-Latin phrase ‘in computro’ for such a serious matter but at least it now has a place between ‘in vivo’ and ‘in vitro’. For more than 25 years CAAD has been available, and has been more and more successfully used in research and commercial architectural practice. In education, which by definition should prepare students for the future, the constantly evolving CAAD metaphor is provoking a challenge to cope with the ever expanding scope of related topics. It is not surprising that this has led to differing opinions as to how CAAD should be taught. Questions such as how advanced research results can be incorporated in teaching, or if the Internet is provoking self-education by students, are in striking contrast with the more fundamental issues such as the discussion on analogue versus digital design methods. Is CAAD a part of design teaching or is it its logical successor in a global E-topia? Although the E of education is a prominent factor in the ‘raison d’être’ of the organisation, the papers presented at this conference illustrate that eCAADe is open to all other relevant contributions in the area of computer-aided architectural design. It will be a fortunate coincidence that this exchange of knowledge and opinions on such state-of-the-art subjects, will be hosted by the The Higher Institute of Architectural Sciences, Henry van de Velde, located in the historical buildings of the Royal Academy of Fine Art established since the founding of the academy in 1662.
series	eCAADe
type	normal paper
email
more	http://www.ecaade.org
last changed	2022/06/07 07:49

_id	cdc2008_393
id	cdc2008_393
authors	Oxman, Neri
year	2008
title	Oublier Domino: On the Evolution of Architectural Theory from Spatial to Performance-based Programming
source	First International Conference on Critical Digital: What Matters(s)? - 18-19 April 2008, Harvard University Graduate School of Design, Cambridge (USA), pp. 393-402
summary	The conception of the architect as form-giver has since historical times dominated the field of architecture. It is precisely this image which has devalued material practice in the distinction between form and matter consistently inherent in architectural discourse. Recent technological developments in the field of design computation, coupled with environmental concerns and philosophical debates have contributed to the shift in focus from form, as the exclusive object of design practice to matter and materials as an alternative approach to the conception of form. Such a shift calls for a reorientation of existing protocols for design generation. Design based upon performance appears to justify and make sensible computational design processes that integrate material properties with structural and environmental constraints. These processes, as demonstrated here, contribute to the elimination of traditional architectural typologies replaced with spatial organization driven by need and comfort. This paper proposes a new approach in design where processes of formgeneration supporting sustainable design solutions are directly informed by structural and environmental constraints. Computational models are developed and implemented that incorporate data-driven form generation. Fabrication tools and technologies are customized to include material properties and behavior. The projects illustrated in this paper are currently on display at the Museum of Modern Art.
email
last changed	2009/01/07 08:05

_id	ascaad2009_emmanuel_ruffo
id	ascaad2009_emmanuel_ruffo
authors	Ruffo, Emmanuel
year	2009
title	Programming As an Evolutionary Concept for Architectural Education: From natural systems to computer science materialization to emergent and evolutionary embedded architectural design
source	Digitizing Architecture: Formalization and Content [4th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2009) / ISBN 978-99901-06-77-0], Manama (Kingdom of Bahrain), 11-12 May 2009, pp. 47-59
summary	Logic and evolution in ontogenetic processes for Architectural design was the title for a summer program taught at the Escuela de Arquitectura of the Universidad Anahuac from June to July 2008 in the State of Mexico, Mexico. Every single result in architectural design follows logical steps enclosed in the design processes. These logical processes evolve through space-time sequences in order to generate a diversity of possible solutions. In Biology an ontogenetic process refers to the development of an individual organism, anatomical or behavioral feature from the earliest stage to maturity. Following this development criteria students were encouraged to understand the main logics of natural and physical systems through the aid of computer programming. These logics must be understood as tridimensional geometries digitally generated. Right from the beginning all processes generated during the explorations and investigations had to be visualized as integral design performances. The integral design system must embedded structure, function, form and material capacities through the aid of computer programming, digital fabrication technologies and material assembling techniques. It is important to note that final prototypes had to demonstrate the diversity of capacities of the whole system in order to automate the components in evolution.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2009/06/30 08:12

_id	acadia11_60
id	acadia11_60
authors	Speaks, Michael
year	2011
title	New Values of New Design
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2011.060
source	ACADIA 11: Integration through Computation [Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA)] [ISBN 978-1-6136-4595-6] Banff (Alberta) 13-16 October, 2011, pp. 60-63
summary	Driven by advances in building and information technology and accelerated by the tumultuous period of global economic restructuring that commenced in 2008, architecture and interior design practice is today confronted with the necessity of fundamental change. According to the “Building Futures” group at the Royal Institute of British Architects and US-based “Design Futures Council,” both of which this past year published studies on this very topic, a great deal depends on what happens in China and other emerging markets, where many European and US firms now have offices. And that is not only because these are the most vibrant markets for architecture and design services, but also because the demands placed on practitioners in these markets are fundamentally changing the way buildings are designed and delivered, at home and abroad. Both studies suggest that all sectors of the A/E/C industry will face increasingly fierce competition that will, of necessity, force practices large and small to compete less on cost and more on value. In the very near future buildings and their interiors will be valued almost entirely based on performance—economic, cultural, environmental—and only those firms able to create these and other forms of added value will survive. Disruptive technologies like building information modeling and integrated product delivery will enable all firms, even those competing solely on the basis of cost, to design better buildings and deliver them more efficiently. But in such a fiercely competitive global marketplace, efficiency alone will not be enough to guarantee market viability. The real differentiator will instead be design.
series	ACADIA
type	keynote paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	acadia08_110
id	acadia08_110
authors	Vermisso, Emmanouil
year	2008
title	Using Formal & Behavioral Patterns in Nature to Evaluate the Design of Bio-inspired Structural Shapes: The case of a Canopy for a South-east Asian Masterplan
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2008.110
source	Silicon + Skin: Biological Processes and Computation, [Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) / ISBN 978-0-9789463-4-0] Minneapolis 16-19 October 2008, 110-117
summary	Born out of a design project at Foster+Partners, a number of three-dimensional shapes is examined vis-à-vis the recently emerging attempt of applying principles of evolutionary biology to engineering and design.
keywords	Adaptation; Evolution; Performance; Plants; Process
series	ACADIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	acadia08_346
id	acadia08_346
authors	Von Buelow, Peter
year	2008
title	Breeding Topology: Special Considerations For Generative Topology Exploration Using Evolutionary Computation
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2008.346
source	Silicon + Skin: Biological Processes and Computation, [Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) / ISBN 978-0-9789463-4-0] Minneapolis 16-19 October 2008, 346-353
summary	Topology optimization of engineering structures has long been a topic of research scrutiny. Many methods have been successfully developed for the determination of continuum structures. Some of these techniques, for example the homogenous method, have also been adapted for use with discrete structural frames or trusses. Most commonly the topology optimization of truss structures is carried out with the aid of a ground structure, a simple raster that describes potential joint locations. Although this simplifies the computation, it greatly limits the range of potential solutions that fit the gridded raster. Additionally, when using Evolutionary Computation (EC) methods, the level of computational intensity increases exponentially with the size of the ground structure making anything above a very modest level of complexity impractical to process. ¶ This paper demonstrates several practical techniques that can be used with EC, and more specifically Genetic Algorithms, when applied to topology exploration of discrete structures. First a method of chromosome coding that avoids the use of ground structures is shown. Then specific genetic recombination techniques are illustrated that are well suited for breeding different topologies. The combined techniques are demonstrated in a topology design problem. The paper concludes with a discussion of advantages of EC over traditional optimization methods in the area of overall form design.
keywords	Algorithm; Evolution; Generative; Genetic; Topology
series	ACADIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

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