Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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Reformat results as: short short into frame detailed detailed into frame

_id	ecaade2008_023
id	ecaade2008_023
authors	Ciblac, Thierry
year	2008
title	Structure Computation Tools in Architectural Design
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2008.275
source	Architecture in Computro [26th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-7-2] Antwerpen (Belgium) 17-20 September 2008, pp. 275-282
summary	Structure computation can be carried out in the very early steps of architectural design thanks to the generalization of the use of computers. So, architects can be interested by specific computing tools dedicated to mechanical simulations in design process, especially using interactivity. Researches on these kinds of tools are developed by the ARIAM-LAREA team in the Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Architecture de Paris La Villette, using graphic statics with a dynamic geometry software, finite element method and tensile structure software. The specificities of such tools are presented through historical examples and students projects.
keywords	Design, simulation, dynamic geometry, graphic statics, Finite Element Method
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	acadia08_246
id	acadia08_246
authors	Zawidzki, Machi
year	2008
title	Implementation of Cellular Automata for Dynamic Shading of Building Facade
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2008.246
source	Silicon + Skin: Biological Processes and Computation, [Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) / ISBN 978-0-9789463-4-0] Minneapolis 16-19 October 2008, 246-255
summary	Paper presents creative use of cellular automata (CA) in architecture, namely for dynamic shading of building facade. The abbreviation “CA” refers both to singular form “cellular automaton” and plural- “automata”. One of the most interesting “visual” quality of CA is abilty to create organic patterns which sometimes are very pleasing to human eye. These patterns seem to “live their own life” and “taming” them to perform purposeful actions is quiet challenging due to their computational irreducibility as shown in an example of possible practical application, but as a result, provides visual effects of unmatched intriguing complexity hard to achieve by means of artistic will, whim or chance. Although amazing qualities of CA astonish for many years, their practical (physical) applications are still very sparse if existing at all, besides “pretty pictures”. Four classes of CA “behavior” with conjunction to the problem of “pattern average grayness” was presented. Two classes of CA were analyzed: 2- color, 1- dimension, range- 1 (2C-1D-R1) and 2-color, 1- dimension, range- 2 (2C-1D-R2) for potential practical use. Problem of monotonic gradual change of average grayness as a function of sequence of initial conditions was discussed. Scheme of mechanical system realizing the idea of shading controlled by CA was proposed.
keywords	Cellular Automata; Lighting; Pattern; Robotics; Skin
series	ACADIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	ecaade2008_126
id	ecaade2008_126
authors	Chin, Chi-Ping
year	2008
title	Contextual Bricks
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2008.913
source	Architecture in Computro [26th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-7-2] Antwerpen (Belgium) 17-20 September 2008, pp. 913-920
summary	Based on the importance of human behavior analysis in HCI research, this paper discusses the property of interaction in sending/receiving direction with diverse cases. A unit of contextual bricks was created as research model continuing to discover the possible solution on the problem that how to merge the novel media and technology into our living space invisibly with the exhibition of appropriate information. The prototype of contextual bricks preserved the characteristic of stability with cellular hexagonal structure, and each unit was designed with communicable construction. The people could get the contextual information from other spaces as seeing through the walls. In the future study, the contextual bricks have good applied possibility and developments in each kind of areas.
keywords	Context-aware, Ambient Intelligence, Context information interface, Interaction design, Communication design
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	sigradi2016_450
id	sigradi2016_450
authors	Araujo, André L.; Celani, Gabriela
year	2016
title	Exploring Weaire-Phelan through Cellular Automata: A proposal for a structural variance-producing engine
source	SIGraDi 2016 [Proceedings of the 20th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-956-7051-86-1] Argentina, Buenos Aires 9 - 11 November 2016, pp.710-714
summary	Complex forms and structures have always been highly valued in architecture, even much before the development of computers. Many architects and engineers have strived to develop structures that look very complex but at the same time are relatively simple to understand, calculate and build. A good example of this approach is the Beijing National Aquatics Centre design for the 2008 Olympic Games, also known as the Water Cube. This paper presents a proposal for a structural variance-producing engine using cellular automata (CA) techniques to produce complex structures based on Weaire-Phelan geometry. In other words, this research evaluates how generative and parametric design can be integrated with structural performance in order to enhance design flexibility and control in different stages of the design process. The method we propose was built in three groups of procedures: 1) we developed a method to generate several fits for the two Weaire-Phelan polyhedrons using CA computation techniques; 2) through the finite elements method, we codify the structural analysis outcomes to use them as inputs for the CA algorithm; 3) evaluation: we propose a framework to compare how the final outcomes deviate for the good solutions in terms of structural performance and rationalization of components. We are interested in knowing how the combination of the procedures could contribute to produce complex structures that are at the same time certain rational. The system developed allows the structural analysis of structured automatically generated by a generative system. However, some efficient solutions from the structural performance point of view do not necessarily represent a rational solution from the feasibility aspects.
keywords	Structural design; Complex structures; Bottom-up design approach
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2021/03/28 19:58

_id	acadia08_126
id	acadia08_126
authors	Cook+Fox Architects
year	2008
title	The Generation of a Smart Cloud
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2008.126
source	Silicon + Skin: Biological Processes and Computation, [Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) / ISBN 978-0-9789463-4-0] Minneapolis 16-19 October 2008, 126-133
summary	This paper presents the process by which Cook+Fox Architects responded to a design challenge that was part metaphorical and part practical. The project involved providing an environmental response to the natural world existing almost 800 feet above the ground, on the second-highest occupiable floor of New York City’s second-tallest building. Environmentally-responsive features at the Bank of America Tower at One Bryant Park are expected to make it the first LEED-Platinum high-rise in the world. The fiftieth floor was conceived as a headquarters for the fashion designer Elie Tahari, the south facing portion of the floorplate was to house a highly adaptable showroom that needed to be adaptable to complement and enhance each season’s particular aesthetics. Additionally, the ceiling in the showroom space needed to allow for optimized height in an environment where structural, mechanical, electrical and sprinkler systems were all designed to be concealed. A combination of numerous computer-aided design scripts took into account various input variables and finally led to the generation of a Smart Cloud.
keywords	Analysis; Behavior; Generative; Optimization; Performance
series	ACADIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	ecaade2008_123
id	ecaade2008_123
authors	Cenani, Sehnaz; Ça_da_, Gülen
year	2008
title	Agent-Based System for Modeling User Behavior in Shopping Malls
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2008.635
source	Architecture in Computro [26th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-7-2] Antwerpen (Belgium) 17-20 September 2008, pp. 635-642
summary	Agent-based systems are being used as decision support systems for solving architectural design problems. Usually in design phase, user behavior is ignored by the designers. Therefore, after the construction, the users face difficulties in emergency situations and in daily usage. As a result, buildings become insufficient to respond to users’ needs and design goals of the building itself. Before construction, ability of testing the interactions between the building and its users is particularly important to solve the problems in early phases of the design. Hence, to design a building that functions better in certain situations and time loss decreases in the design process. For these reasons, the aim of this study is to develop a model to simulate users in shopping malls.
keywords	User behavior, decision support systems, agent-based systems, simulation, shopping malls
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	ascaad2016_027
id	ascaad2016_027
authors	Cocho-Bermejo, Ana
year	2016
title	Time in Adaptable Architecture - Deployable emergency intelligent membrane
source	Parametricism Vs. Materialism: Evolution of Digital Technologies for Development [8th ASCAAD Conference Proceedings ISBN 978-0-9955691-0-2] London (United Kingdom) 7-8 November 2016, pp. 249-258
summary	The term "Parametricism" widespread mainly by Patrick Schumacher (Schumacher, 2008) is worthy of study. Developing the concept of Human Oriented Parametric Architecture, the need of implementing time as the lost parameter in current adaptive design techniques will be discussed. Morphogenetic processes ideas will be discussed through the principle of an adaptable membrane as a case study. A model implementing a unique Arduino[i] on the façade will control its patterns performance through an Artificial Neural Network that will understand the kind of scenario the building is in, activating a Genetic Algorithm that will optimize the insulation performance of the ETFE pillows. The system will work with a global behavior for façade pattern performance and with a local one for each pillow, giving the option of individual sun-shading control. Machine learning implementation will give the façade the possibility to learn from the efficacy of its decisions through time, eliminating the need of a general on-off behavior.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2017/05/25 13:31

_id	caadria2008_69_session7a_572
id	caadria2008_69_session7a_572
authors	Lertlakkhanakul, Jumphon; Seoyoung Lee, Jinwon Choi
year	2008
title	A Study of The Effects of Placeness on Collaborative Virtual Workplace
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2008.572
source	CAADRIA 2008 [Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Chiang Mai (Thailand) 9-12 April 2008, pp. 572-578
summary	So far, there is no empirical study on how ‘placeness’ can affect virtual workplace model. This problem has continuously been overlooked. The research objectives are to verify the effectiveness of ‘workplace metaphor’ and to find out factors that constitute ‘placeness’, the properties of being a place, in collaborative virtual workplace. An experiment was conducted to test the framework. At the end, different virtual workplace settings can result in dissimilar user behavior in terms of teamwork and attitude toward the workplace as disparate settings imply different requirements on function, organizational culture, and social meaning. In conclusion, if architectural elements are carefully applied to the virtual office, it cans strengthen teamwork and enhances social interaction.
keywords	Collaborative virtual workplace; collaborative virtual environments; office ecology; place metaphor; socio-spatial behavior
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	acadia08_278
id	acadia08_278
authors	Paz Gutierrez, Maria
year	2008
title	Material Bio-Intelligibility
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2008.278
source	Silicon + Skin: Biological Processes and Computation, [Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) / ISBN 978-0-9789463-4-0] Minneapolis 16-19 October 2008, 278-285
summary	Through the formation of bio-chemical information networks natural materials possess efficient processes of self-organization, adaptability, regeneration and decomposition. This performative excellence has lead science to draw behavioral models from nature implementing biomimmicry (Benyus 1998) in the pursuit of material systems optimization. Design disciplines influenced by this course are integrating living organisms as models of efficiency through bionic systems ever more into their discourse. Architecture, influenced by this tendency, is becoming progressively more aware of the vast benefits that biomimetics can yield particularly in the development of ecologically sensitive systems. Yet, the emerging incorporation of bionics into architecture is differing largely to that within the sciences by centering almost exclusively in form (geometrical pattern) generation. This paper analyzes a rising material design research methodology implementing biomimetics: matter-form parametrics based on bio-physical properties’ data. Specific study of the incorporation of broad-scalar scientific imaging into the formulation of explorative parametric grammar for the development of material systems is analyzed through a bio-synthetic polymer based wall system (SugarWall, Gensler+Gutierrez 2006b). The incorporation of broad scalar imaging and material interdependencies is propelling the emergence of new programming tactics that will affect bio-material systems architectural research.
keywords	Behavior; Biomimetics; Material; System; Visualization
series	ACADIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	ddss2008-03
id	ddss2008-03
authors	Zhu, Wei and Harry Timmermans
year	2008
title	Incorporating Principles of Bounded Rationality intoModels of Pedestrian Shopping BehaviorTheory and Example
source	H.J.P. Timmermans, B. de Vries (eds.) 2008, Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, ISBN 978-90-6814-173-3, University of Technology Eindhoven, published on CD
summary	The modeling and simulation of pedestrian behavior has been dominantly relied on rational choice models in which pedestrians are assumed to be capable of processing a large number of choice alternatives and trade off attribute utilities. In reality, however, pedestrian behaivor shows the evidence of bounded rationality. They simplify the decision problem by considering a limited number of factors as well alternatives, using heuristics to arrive at satisfactory as opposed to optimal choices. Incorporating principles of bounded rationality in pedestrian modeling will benefit the understanding of individual decision processes and planning practice. This paper proposes an approach that models the cognitive processes such as filtering factors, constructing preference structures, deriving heterogeneous decision heuristics, and selecting decision strategies. The approach is also exemplified through estimating the model on pedestrian store patronage behavior data, collected in a shopping center in Shanghai, China. The results show the estimated probabilities of usage of decision strategies and the sequences of factor search. Compared with the conventional multinomial logit models, the results indicate the statistical advantages of the new approach.
keywords	Bounded rationality, decision heuristics, heterogeneity, pedestrian, store patronage decision
series	DDSS
last changed	2008/09/01 17:06

_id	cf2011_p109
id	cf2011_p109
authors	Abdelmohsen, Sherif; Lee Jinkook, Eastman Chuck
year	2011
title	Automated Cost Analysis of Concept Design BIM Models
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 403-418.
summary	AUTOMATED COST ANALYSIS OF CONCEPT DESIGN BIM MODELS Interoperability: BIM models and cost models This paper introduces the automated cost analysis developed for the General Services Administration (GSA) and the analysis results of a case study involving a concept design courthouse BIM model. The purpose of this study is to investigate interoperability issues related to integrating design and analysis tools; specifically BIM models and cost models. Previous efforts to generate cost estimates from BIM models have focused on developing two necessary but disjoint processes: 1) extracting accurate quantity take off data from BIM models, and 2) manipulating cost analysis results to provide informative feedback. Some recent efforts involve developing detailed definitions, enhanced IFC-based formats and in-house standards for assemblies that encompass building models (e.g. US Corps of Engineers). Some commercial applications enhance the level of detail associated to BIM objects with assembly descriptions to produce lightweight BIM models that can be used by different applications for various purposes (e.g. Autodesk for design review, Navisworks for scheduling, Innovaya for visual estimating, etc.). This study suggests the integration of design and analysis tools by means of managing all building data in one shared repository accessible to multiple domains in the AEC industry (Eastman, 1999; Eastman et al., 2008; authors, 2010). Our approach aims at providing an integrated platform that incorporates a quantity take off extraction method from IFC models, a cost analysis model, and a comprehensive cost reporting scheme, using the Solibri Model Checker (SMC) development environment. Approach As part of the effort to improve the performance of federal buildings, GSA evaluates concept design alternatives based on their compliance with specific requirements, including cost analysis. Two basic challenges emerge in the process of automating cost analysis for BIM models: 1) At this early concept design stage, only minimal information is available to produce a reliable analysis, such as space names and areas, and building gross area, 2) design alternatives share a lot of programmatic requirements such as location, functional spaces and other data. It is thus crucial to integrate other factors that contribute to substantial cost differences such as perimeter, and exterior wall and roof areas. These are extracted from BIM models using IFC data and input through XML into the Parametric Cost Engineering System (PACES, 2010) software to generate cost analysis reports. PACES uses this limited dataset at a conceptual stage and RSMeans (2010) data to infer cost assemblies at different levels of detail. Functionalities Cost model import module The cost model import module has three main functionalities: generating the input dataset necessary for the cost model, performing a semantic mapping between building type specific names and name aggregation structures in PACES known as functional space areas (FSAs), and managing cost data external to the BIM model, such as location and construction duration. The module computes building data such as footprint, gross area, perimeter, external wall and roof area and building space areas. This data is generated through SMC in the form of an XML file and imported into PACES. Reporting module The reporting module uses the cost report generated by PACES to develop a comprehensive report in the form of an excel spreadsheet. This report consists of a systems-elemental estimate that shows the main systems of the building in terms of UniFormat categories, escalation, markups, overhead and conditions, a UniFormat Level III report, and a cost breakdown that provides a summary of material, equipment, labor and total costs. Building parameters are integrated in the report to provide insight on the variations among design alternatives.
keywords	building information modeling, interoperability, cost analysis, IFC
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	acadia08_118
id	acadia08_118
authors	Cabrinha, Mark
year	2008
title	Gridshell Tectonics: Material Values Digital Parameters
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2008.118
source	Silicon + Skin: Biological Processes and Computation, [Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) / ISBN 978-0-9789463-4-0] Minneapolis 16-19 October 2008, 118-125
summary	This paper begins with a simple proposition: rather than mimicking the geometric structures found in nature, perhaps the most effective modes of sustainable fabrication can be found through understanding the nature of materials themselves. Material becomes a design parameter through the constraints of fabrication tools, limitations of material size, and most importantly the productive capacity of material resistance—a given material’s capacity and tendencies to take shape, rather than cutting shape out of material. ¶ Gridshell structures provide an intriguing case study to pursue this proposition. Not only is there clear precedent in the form-finding experiments of Frei Otto and the Institute for Lightweight Structures, but also the very NURBS based tools of current design practices developed from the ability of wood to bend. Taking the bent wood spline quite literally, gridshells provide a means that is at once formally expressive, structurally optimized, materially efficient, and quite simply a delight to experience. The larger motivation of this work anticipates a parametric system linking the intrinsic material values of the gridshell tectonic with extrinsic criteria such as programmatic needs and environmental response. ¶ Through an applied case study of gridshells, the play between form and material is tested out through the author’s own experimentation with gridshells and the pedagogical results of two gridshell studios. The goal of this research is to establish a give-and-take relationship between top-down formal emphasis and a bottom-up material influence.
keywords	Digital Fabrication; Form-Finding; Material; Pedagogy; Structure
series	ACADIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	sigradi2008_201
id	sigradi2008_201
authors	Corradi, Eduardo Marotti; Gabriela Celani
year	2008
title	O túnel de vento – um exercício de projeto baseado em técnicas de animação [The wind tunnel - an exercise in design based on techniques of animation]
source	SIGraDi 2008 - [Proceedings of the 12th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] La Habana - Cuba 1-5 December 2008
summary	The objective of the present research was to study the use of animation techniques as a tool for the design process. The study started with a literature review about the different possible applications of animation techniques in architectural design. Four main categories of applications were found: (1) space representation and “walk through”, (2) simulation of articulated elements and kinetic structures, (3) visualization and analysis of functional aspects of the buildings, such as circulation and fire escape, and finally (4) the generation of novel shapes. The second part of the research consisted of a design exercise in which animation techniques were used to generate a shape. For this purpose a wind simulator was used in 3DMAX. Next, Paracloud software was used to automatically generate a rib structure that allowed to produce a scale model of the shape with a laser cutter.
keywords	Animation, design process, digital fabrication
series	SIGRADI
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:49

_id	ddss2008-11
id	ddss2008-11
authors	Gohnai, Y.; A. Ohgai and K. Watanabe
year	2008
title	A simulation model development of firefightingactivity by community residents against coseismic firespread using multi-agent systemAs a support tool for community-based disaster preventionplanning
source	H.J.P. Timmermans, B. de Vries (eds.) 2008, Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, ISBN 978-90-6814-173-3, University of Technology Eindhoven, published on CD
summary	This paper attempted to develop a simulation model of residents’ firefighting activity against coseismic fire spread using multi-agent system. The developed model was applied to a case study area. In the application, the simulations were carried out to the existing area and eleven cases of the assumption (virtual conditions) of the area where are implemented various non-physical and physical measures. As a result, the measures with only physical and haphazard multitude of measures did not show a remarked effect of disaster prevention performance. And, it is confirmed that the model can visually, dynamically and quantitatively output results. From these outputs, the possibility of contribution for enhancing residents’ awareness and drafting a plan of disaster prevention was confirmed. However, there are still some problems to be solved for the practical use of the model.
keywords	Community-based Planning for Disaster Prevention, Planning Support System, Fire Spread Simulation, Firefighting simulation, Multi-agent system, Cellular Automata
series	DDSS
last changed	2008/09/01 17:06

_id	sigradi2008_175
id	sigradi2008_175
authors	Knight, Terry; Larry Sass, Kenfield Griffith, Ayodh Vasant Kamath
year	2008
title	Visual-Physical Grammars
source	SIGraDi 2008 - [Proceedings of the 12th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] La Habana - Cuba 1-5 December 2008
summary	This paper introduces new visual-physical design grammars for the design and manufacture of building assembly systems that provide visually rich, culturally resonant design variations for housing. The building systems are intended to be tailored for particular cultures and communities by incorporating vernacular, decorative design into the assembly design. Two complementary areas of computational design research are brought together in this work: shape grammars and digital fabrication. The visual or graphic aspects of the research are explored through shape grammars. The physical design and manufacturing aspects are explored through advanced digital design and fabrication technologies and, in particular, build on recent work on mono-material assemblies with interlocking components that can be fabricated with CNC machines and assembled easily by hand on-site (Sass, 2007). This paper describes the initial, proof-of-concept stage of this work: the development of an automated, visual-physical grammar for an assembly system based on a vernacular language of Greek meander designs. A shape grammar for the two-dimensional Greek meander language (Knight, 1986) was translated into a three-dimensional assembly system. The components of the system are uniquely designed, concrete “meander bricks” (Figure 1). The components have integrated alignment features so that they can be easily fitted and locked together manually without binding materials. Components interlock horizontally to form courses, and courses interlock vertically in different ways to produce a visual variety of meander walls. The assembly components were prototyped at desktop scale with a layered manufacturing machine to test their appearance after assembly and their potential for design variations (Figure 2). Components were then evaluated as full-scale concrete objects for satisfaction of physical constraints related to concrete forming and component strength. The automated grammar (computer program) for this system generates assembly design variations with complete CAD/CAM data for fabrication of components formed from layered, CNC cut molds. Using the grammar, a full-scale mockup of a corner wall section was constructed to assess the structural, material, and aesthetic feasibility of the system, as well as ease of assembly. The results of this study demonstrate clearly the potentials for embedding visual properties in structural systems. They provide the foundations for further work on assembly systems for complete houses and other small-scale structures, and grammars to generate them. In the long-term, this research will lead to new solutions for economical, easily manufactured housing which is especially critical in developing countries and for post-disaster environments. These new housing solutions will not only provide shelter but will also support important cultural values through the integration of familiar visual design features. The use of inexpensive, portable digital design and fabrication technologies will allow local communities to be active, cooperative participants in the design and construction of their homes. Beyond the specific context of housing, visual-physical grammars have the potential to positively impact design and manufacture of designed artifacts at many scales, and in many domains, particularly for artifacts where visual aesthetics need to be considered jointly with physical or material requirements and design customization or variation is important.
keywords	Shape grammar, digital fabrication, building assembly, mass customization, housing
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:54

_id	ddss2008-39
id	ddss2008-39
authors	Meshitsuka, Yusuke and Yoshitsugu Aoki
year	2008
title	Stochastic Transition of Fire-prevention Performanceof Urban Area
source	H.J.P. Timmermans, B. de Vries (eds.) 2008, Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, ISBN 978-90-6814-173-3, University of Technology Eindhoven, published on CD
summary	The aim of this study is to analyze the tendency of building renewal in order to understand the fire prevention performance of the Tokyo metropolitan area. To this end, firstly, the Tokyo metropolitan area was divided into small areas of 250,000 square meters, and the following stochastic transition matrix of each small area was estimated, 1. Stochastic matrix of state transition between the building use types, 2. Stochastic matrix of state transition between the structures of buildings. Secondly, the converged state of each small area was estimated with a Markov chain model. Finally, small areas where fire prevention performance will change for the better/constant/worse were pointed out from their converged states. The results suggest that in small areas where percentage of housing and commerce are increasing, the fire prevention performance will become worse.
keywords	Urban Earthquake Disaster Mitigation, Earthquake Fire, Stochastic Transition Matrix
series	DDSS
last changed	2008/09/01 17:06

_id	acadia08_324
id	acadia08_324
authors	Narahara, Taro
year	2008
title	New Methodologies in Architectural Design inspired by Self-Organization
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2008.324
source	Silicon + Skin: Biological Processes and Computation, [Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) / ISBN 978-0-9789463-4-0] Minneapolis 16-19 October 2008, 324-331
summary	This paper introduces a potential application of construction systems seen in biological systems to overcome various shortcomings in human architecture. Unlike human constructions, some social insects can produce habitable structures with simple rules without predetermined blueprints or central leaders to gain more adaptability. Active application of logics from self-organizing systems can possibly enhance our conventional centralized methods by designing artificial distributed systems. A conceptual case study is presented that involves a notion of the collective construction.
keywords	Algorithm; Construction; Flocking; Genetic; Self-Organization
series	ACADIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	acadia08_134
id	acadia08_134
authors	Peters, Brady
year	2008
title	Copenhagen Elephant House: A Case Study of Digital Design Processes
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2008.134
source	Silicon + Skin: Biological Processes and Computation, [Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) / ISBN 978-0-9789463-4-0] Minneapolis 16-19 October 2008, 134-141
summary	This paper outlines the digital design processes involved in the design and construction of the new Elephant House at Copenhagen Zoo. Early design concepts for the canopy were tested using physical sketch models. The geometric complexity of these early physical models led to the involvement of the Specialist Modelling Group and the use of the computer to digitally sketch 3D CAD models. After many studies, the complex form of the canopies was rationalised using torus geometry. A computer program was written to generate the canopy glazing and structure. This parametric system was developed to be a design tool, and was developed by an architectural designer working with the team. Through its use the team were able to explore more design options, and alter the design farther along in the design process; however, this generative tool was created largely as a CAD efficiency tool. Another series of computer programs were written to generate and populate a shading system based on environmental analysis. Unlike the computer program that generated the structure and glazing, this program was not developed to make the generation of complex geometric structures more efficient, but developed to explore computational approaches that would have been impossible without the computer. Most of the canopy’s design was communicated to fabricator through a geometry method statement, a method that has been proven to be effective in the past. The project completed in June 2008.
keywords	Complex Geometry; Computation; Design; Generative; Sustainability
series	ACADIA
last changed	2022/06/07 08:00

_id	ijac20076201
id	ijac20076201
authors	Said, Suzana; Embi, Mohamed R.
year	2008
title	A Parametric Shape Grammar of the Traditional Malay Long-Roof Type Houses
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 6 - no. 2, pp. 121-144
summary	A parametric shape grammar of the traditional Malay houses (TMH) built in the past century is presented. The grammar, which consists of rules for generating the form and structure of TMH, is derived from simple geometric representations of the houses. The rules first derive the basic unit structures that form the shapes of the TMH. Nine basic shapes have been identified that form the main vocabulary elements of the grammar. Parameterized polygons and lines define each basic shape. Ranges of values assigned to the variables describing the parameterized polygons and lines are presented. The shape addition rules are used to characterize the compositional aspects of TMH style. Evidences of these basic shapes or their combinations have been documented by previous researchers and are used as a way of explaining the built forms of the TMH. The scope of the study is currently limited to the original TMH of the bumbung panjang (long roof) type in which the key features of the houses are easily discernible from the side view.
series	journal
last changed	2008/10/01 21:49

_id	ijac20076204
id	ijac20076204
authors	Schlueter, Arno; Bonwetsch, Tobias
year	2008
title	Design Rationalization of Irregular Cellular Structures
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 6 - no. 2, pp. 197-211
summary	Complex geometries found in nature are increasingly used as images and analogies for the creation of form and space in architectural design. To be able to construct the resulting complex building forms, strategies to handle the resulting production requirements are necessary. In the example of a design project for a Japanese noodle bar, a strategy for the realization of an irregular cellular spatial structure is presented. In order to represent its complex geometry, building principles relating to foam are applied to transform and optimize the design, which is based on hexagonal, cellular compartments defining the different interior spaces. The principles are converted into software code and implemented into a digital design toolbox to be used within a 3D-modelling environment. Utilizing the tools within the redesign process made a rationalization of the cellular structures possible without sacrificing the desired visual irregularity. The toolbox also enables the extraction of the cell geometry to support the generation of production documents. The result is the dramatic reduction of production effort to realize the complex cellular structures by keeping a maximum of design flexibility and desired visual appearance.
series	journal
last changed	2008/10/01 21:49

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