CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id ddss2004_ra-33
id ddss2004_ra-33
authors Diappi, L., P. Bolchim, and M. Buscema
year 2004
title Improved Understanding of Urban Sprawl Using Neural Networks
source Van Leeuwen, J.P. and H.J.P. Timmermans (eds.) Recent Advances in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN: 14020-2408-8, p. 33-49
summary It is widely accepted that the spatial pattern of settlements is a crucial factor affecting quality of life and environmental sustainability, but few recent studies have attempted to examine the phenomenon of sprawl by modelling the process rather than adopting a descriptive approach. The issue was partly addressed by models of land use and transportation which were mainly developed in the UK and US in the 1970s and 1980s, but the major advances were made in the area of modelling transportation, while very little was achieved in the area of spatial and temporal land use. Models of land use and transportation are well-established tools, based on explicit, exogenouslyformulated rules within a theoretical framework. The new approaches of artificial intelligence, and in particular, systems involving parallel processing, (Neural Networks, Cellular Automata and Multi-Agent Systems) defined by the expression “Neurocomputing”, allow problems to be approached in the reverse, bottom-up, direction by discovering rules, relationships and scenarios from a database. In this article we examine the hypothesis that territorial micro-transformations occur according to a local logic, i.e. according to use, accessibility, the presence of services and conditions of centrality, periphericity or isolation of each territorial “cell” relative to its surroundings. The prediction capabilities of different architectures of supervised Neural networks are implemented to the south Metropolitan area of Milan at two different temporal thresholds and discussed. Starting from data on land use in 1980 and 1994 and by subdividing the area into square cells on an orthogonal grid, the model produces a spatial and functional map of urbanisation in 2008. An implementation of the SOM (Self Organizing Map) processing to the Data Base allows the typologies of transformation to be identified, i.e. the classes of area which are transformed in the same way and which give rise to territorial morphologies; this is an interesting by-product of the approach.
keywords Neural Networks, Self-Organizing Maps, Land-Use Dynamics, Supervised Networks
series DDSS
last changed 2004/07/03 22:13

_id ecaade2008_192
id ecaade2008_192
authors Fioravanti, Antonio
year 2008
title An e-Learning Environment to Enhance Quality in Collaborative Design
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2008.829
source Architecture in Computro [26th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-7-2] Antwerpen (Belgium) 17-20 September 2008, pp. 829-836
summary The research project is aimed at enhancing the overall quality of buildings through a suitable exercise of design collaboration, and a delocalized cross-disciplinary learning for university students in the faculties of Architecture and Engineering. The research defines methods, techniques and ICT programs to provide education in the culture and exercise of collaboration for future professionals and technicians who operate in the field of the design and construction of complex building systems.
keywords Collaborative Design, e-learning, knowledge bases, ontologies, multi-agent system
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id ddss2008-11
id ddss2008-11
authors Gohnai, Y.; A. Ohgai and K. Watanabe
year 2008
title A simulation model development of firefightingactivity by community residents against coseismic firespread using multi-agent systemAs a support tool for community-based disaster preventionplanning
source H.J.P. Timmermans, B. de Vries (eds.) 2008, Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, ISBN 978-90-6814-173-3, University of Technology Eindhoven, published on CD
summary This paper attempted to develop a simulation model of residents’ firefighting activity against coseismic fire spread using multi-agent system. The developed model was applied to a case study area. In the application, the simulations were carried out to the existing area and eleven cases of the assumption (virtual conditions) of the area where are implemented various non-physical and physical measures. As a result, the measures with only physical and haphazard multitude of measures did not show a remarked effect of disaster prevention performance. And, it is confirmed that the model can visually, dynamically and quantitatively output results. From these outputs, the possibility of contribution for enhancing residents’ awareness and drafting a plan of disaster prevention was confirmed. However, there are still some problems to be solved for the practical use of the model.
keywords Community-based Planning for Disaster Prevention, Planning Support System, Fire Spread Simulation, Firefighting simulation, Multi-agent system, Cellular Automata
series DDSS
last changed 2008/09/01 17:06

_id ddss2008-43
id ddss2008-43
authors Katoshevski, Rachel; Theo Arentze and Harry Timmermans
year 2008
title Simulating Urban Dynamics Using a Combination of CellularAutomata and Activity-Based Models
source H.J.P. Timmermans, B. de Vries (eds.) 2008, Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, ISBN 978-90-6814-173-3, University of Technology Eindhoven, published on CD
summary Cellular automata models of urban change have been criticised for their lack of behavioural theory and representation in simulating urban change. It has led to a plea for developing multi-agent models. As a first step into this direction, this paper discusses the formulation of a combination of a cellular automata representation for an initial configuration of land use. This is linked to an activity-based model of travel demand, which generates varying demand for facilities across space. Agents, representing facility providers respond to this demand in locating and resizing their facilities. The interplay between these components then results in urban dynamics. The model is illustrated using a hypothetical example of urban forms.
keywords Cellular automata, Activity-Based Modelling, Urban dynamics
series DDSS
last changed 2008/09/01 17:06

_id ddss2008-07
id ddss2008-07
authors Nijland, Linda; Theo Arentze and Harry Timmermans
year 2008
title Multi-Day Activity Scheduling Reactions to FutureEvents in a Dynamic Agent-Based Model of Activity-Travel Behaviour
source H.J.P. Timmermans, B. de Vries (eds.) 2008, Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, ISBN 978-90-6814-173-3, University of Technology Eindhoven, published on CD
summary In the context of activity-based transport simulation models, multi-day activity planning is receiving increasing attention. The aim of this paper is to develop and illustrate an extension of a needs-based model of activity generation that takes into account possible influences of pre-planned activities and events. This paper describes the theory and shows the results of simulations of the extension. The simulation was done for six different activities and different parameter values. The results show that the model works well and the influences of the parameters are clear and seem logical.
keywords Travel Demand, Activity-Based Modelling, Activity Generation, Activity Scheduling, Needs, Multi-Day Activity Planning
series DDSS
last changed 2008/09/01 17:06

_id ddss2008-46
id ddss2008-46
authors Sharma, Shrikant B. and Vincent Tabak
year 2008
title Rapid Agent Based Simulation of People Flow forDesign of SpacesAnalysis, Design and Optimisation
source H.J.P. Timmermans, B. de Vries (eds.) 2008, Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, ISBN 978-90-6814-173-3, University of Technology Eindhoven, published on CD
summary This paper presents a novel static-dynamic network based people flow simulation model applied to design optimisation of circulation spaces within buildings and urban areas. In the current state of art the majority of existing people flow simulation models are driven by analysis rather than design. This is fine for simpler, evacuation type scenarios where a single or a few analyses runs are sufficient to determine the evacuation time. For more complex scenarios such as crowd circulation with complex multi-directional flow, one is as interested in the sensitivity of various design and stochastic behavioural parameters, so the rapid modelling simulations together with design capability become important. This paper presents a simplified network based people flow model that enables rapid simulations and therefore iterative design optimization of circulation space. The work integrates the techniques of graph-theory based network analysis with an origin-destination matrix model of crowd flow, to provide a rapid, parametric model. The resulting model can be analysed in a static as well as dynamic state. In the static state, the model analyses space based on connectivity of nodes, superimposed with the origin-destination matrix of population to provide valuable information such as footfalls, density maps, as well as quasi-static parameters such as mean flow rates. In the dynamic state, the model allows time-dependent analysis of flow using a detailed agent based simulation that also incorporates dynamic route-choice modelling, agent behaviours and interaction, and stochastic variations. The paper presents the integrated modelling technique and its implementation into simulation software SMART Move.
keywords People Flow, Pedestrian, Agent Based Simulation, Evacuation, Network, Optimisation
series DDSS
last changed 2008/09/01 17:06

_id cf2019_009
id cf2019_009
authors Veloso, Pedro; Jinmo Rhee and Ramesh Krishnamurti
year 2019
title Multi-agent space planning: a literature review (2008-2017)
source Ji-Hyun Lee (Eds.) "Hello, Culture!"  [18th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2019, Proceedings / ISBN 978-89-89453-05-5] Daejeon, Korea, pp. 52-74
summary In this paper we review the research on multi-agent space planning (MASP) during the period of 2008-2017. By MASP, we refer to space planning (SP) methods based on online mobile agents that map local perceptions to actions in the environment, generating spatial representation. We group two precedents and sixteen recent MASP prototypes into three categories: (1) agents as moving spatial units, (2) agents that occupy a space, and (3) agents that partition a space. In order to compare the prototypes, we identify the occurrence of features in terms of representation, objectives, and control procedures. Upon analysis of occurrences and correlations of features in the types, we present gaps and challenges for future MASP research. We point to the limits of current systems to solve spatial conflicts and to incorporate architectural knowledge. Finally, we suggest that behavioral learning offers a promising path for robust and autonomous MASP systems in the architectural domain.
keywords Space planning; Agent-based modeling; Multi-agent systems; Generative systems
series CAAD Futures
email
last changed 2019/07/29 14:08

_id caadria2008_41_session4b_335
id caadria2008_41_session4b_335
authors Biao, Li; Li Rong, Xue Kai, Liu Chang, Gao Qin
year 2008
title A Generative Tool Base on Multi-Agent System: Algorithm of “HighFAR” and Its Computer Programming
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2008.335
source CAADRIA 2008 [Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Chiang Mai (Thailand) 9-12 April 2008, pp. 335-342
summary Utilizing the principle of multi-agent system by computer programming, the paper presents achievement of an architectural generative design tool which implements intelligent architecture design with the focus of the layout in Asian high density “Floor Area Ratio” (FAR). Applying with the software, architects can get a high density FAR planning design in several minutes. From macroscopic position of building agents in geography to encode the agents by computer programming, the paper expounds the process of the generative tool and its mathematics algorithms.
keywords Multi-agent system, FAR, genetic algorithm, generator
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:52

_id ddss2008-36
id ddss2008-36
authors Burger, J.; R.P. de Graaf, and G.J. Helmerhorst
year 2008
title Dynamic Actor Network Steering And ControlManaging Actor Networks In The Construction Process
source H.J.P. Timmermans, B. de Vries (eds.) 2008, Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, ISBN 978-90-6814-173-3, University of Technology Eindhoven, published on CD
keywords Multi-actor, network planning, critical path, linear programming
series DDSS
last changed 2008/09/01 17:06

_id acadia08_300
id acadia08_300
authors Doumpioti, Christina
year 2008
title Adaptive Growth of Fibre Composite Structures
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2008.300
source Silicon + Skin: Biological Processes and Computation, [Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) / ISBN 978-0-9789463-4-0] Minneapolis 16-19 October 2008, 300-307
summary The core idea of this research is the incorporation of the morphogenetic principles found in natural systems in the generation of fibre-composite structures by exploiting, at the maximum, the intrinsic performative capacities of the material system in use. The intention is the integration of form, material, structure and program into a multi-performative system that will satisfy simultaneously several, even conflicting objectives, in order to achieve an optimal compromise. This process involves the combination and implementation of concepts and methods based on precedent studies in the field of biomimetics, as well as form-finding digital and physical experiments that inform a coherent design methodology, leading to a structural system able to be fabricated using cutting-edge technology.
keywords Adaptation; Composite; Fiber; Integrative; Morphogenesis
series ACADIA
last changed 2022/06/07 07:55

_id ecaade2008_175
id ecaade2008_175
authors Jeong, Yongwook; Trento, Armando
year 2008
title Interleaving Semantics: a Filter Mediated Communication Model to Support Collaboration in Multi-Disciplinary Design
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2008.643
source Architecture in Computro [26th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-7-2] Antwerpen (Belgium) 17-20 September 2008, pp. 643-652
summary The purpose of collaboration is to integrate the separate knowledge possessed by the participants in the design process into one meaningful whole. Centralized data structures, showed that the AEC industry is so fragmented that the data-centric approach is not feasible, for technical and procedural reasons. The shared database, minimizing the complexity of translating different form of representation, quickly becomes too large and unwieldy to support the dynamic process of multi-disciplinary collaborative design. In this paper, we propose a distributed model that includes a mechanism to facilitate the participants’ intentions more effectively by incorporating semantics into their representations. We also present how the semantics would be authored and published through the mechanism so that a higher level of shared understanding among the participants would be achieved.
keywords Multidisciplinary Collaboration, Semantic Network, Ontology, Artificial Agent
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:52

_id ddss2008-35
id ddss2008-35
authors Neema, M.N. and A. Ohgai
year 2008
title A GA-based Multi-Objective Optimization Model for Location Planning of Urban Parks and Open Spaces A Case Study on Dhaka City
source H.J.P. Timmermans, B. de Vries (eds.) 2008, Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, ISBN 978-90-6814-173-3, University of Technology Eindhoven, published on CD
summary In this paper, we present a new multi-objective location model for urban parks and open spaces (POSs) planning. We developed a Genetic Algorithm (GA) based multi-objective optimization model (GAMOOM) to derive optimum locations of POSs by considering four incommensurable objectives with the provision of POSs near: 1) densely populated areas, 2) air polluted areas, 3) noisy areas, and 4) areas without open spaces. The success of the model is presented through its application as a case study on Dhaka City. Obtained results indicate that the model can successfully provide optimum location of required POSs. The findings from this study also signify that optimum location of POSs obtained by utilizing only the second objective is substantially different than that of others. Moreover, there is also difference in optimum location of POSs by taking into account only the third objective when compared with others. Therefore, considering single objective cannot give optimum results for good POSs planning. So, it is verified that POSs should be planned by optimizing multiple objectives instead of single objective. The outcome of this multi-objective GAMOOM model does have an implication on how POSs should be designed and managed by the planning authority for not only sustainable environment but also better quality of life in a city.
keywords Genetic Algorithm (GA), Multi-Objective Optimization, Parks and Open Space (POS)
series DDSS
last changed 2008/09/01 17:06

_id acadia08_214
id acadia08_214
authors Schlueter, Arno; Frank Thesseling
year 2008
title Balancing Design and Performance in Building Retrofitting: A Case Study Based on Parametric Modeling
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2008.214
source Silicon + Skin: Biological Processes and Computation, [Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) / ISBN 978-0-9789463-4-0] Minneapolis 16-19 October 2008, 214-221
summary Retrofitting the existing building stock will become one of the key fields of action for architects in the future. Due to the raised awareness of CO2 emissions related to the energy consumption of buildings, architects have to increasingly consider parameters influencing the energy performance of their retrofit designs. This is a complex task especially in the early design stages as multiple dependencies between building form, construction and technical systems influence overall energy performance. The inability to cope with this complexity often leads to simple solutions such as the application of massive insulation on the outside, neglecting aesthetic expression and design flexibility. Digital models storing multidisciplinary building information make it possible to include performance parameters throughout the architectural design process. In addition to the geometric parameters constituting the form, semantic and topological parameters define building element properties and their dependencies. This offers an integrated view of the building. We present a case study utilizing mulit-parametric façade elements within a building information model for an integrated design approach. The case study is based on a retrofit project of a multi-family house with very poor energy performance. Within a design workshop a parametric building model was used for the development of the designs. An integrated analysis tool allowed an immediate performance assessment without importing or exporting building data. The students were able to freely define geometric and performance parameters to develop their design solution. Balancing between formal expression and energy performance lead to integrated design sketches, resulting in surprising solutions for the given design task.
keywords BIM; Integrative; Parametric; Performance; Sustainability
series ACADIA
last changed 2022/06/07 07:57

_id ddss2008-26
id ddss2008-26
authors Slager, C.T.J.; B. de Vries, A.K. Bregt and A.J. Jessurun
year 2008
title Methodology to generate landscape configurations foruse in multi-actor plan-making processes
source H.J.P. Timmermans, B. de Vries (eds.) 2008, Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, ISBN 978-90-6814-173-3, University of Technology Eindhoven, published on CD
summary In this paper, we investigate an approach to generate landscape configurations for use in multi-actor plan-making processes. Using the information from predefined lot typologies, a heuristic allocation method, consisting of a suitability function and an allocation mechanism of lot components is explained. The suitability function is primarily based on adjacency and distance parameters as found in landscape design literature. The allocation mechanism starts from a random but constrained initial situation, and generates a plausible lot configuration by orderly swapping pairs of cells thereby increasing the overall suitability of the plan . From the results, the limitations of this approach are concluded and the concepts are presented for an improved landscape generation algorithm.
keywords Landscape configurations, spatial allocation, Landscape grammar, Cellular automata, Genetic Algorithms, Simulated Annealing
series DDSS
last changed 2008/09/01 17:06

_id acadia08_354
id acadia08_354
authors Vanucci, Marco
year 2008
title Pluri-Potential Branching System
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2008.354
source Silicon + Skin: Biological Processes and Computation, [Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) / ISBN 978-0-9789463-4-0] Minneapolis 16-19 October 2008, 354-363
summary In contemporary construction industry, parametric softwares are often employed in design processes of rationalization and post-rationalization where, given a certain project, the answer to specific problems is required to actualize the desired shape [problem-solving approach]. ¶ This paper outlines a research project intended to develop a generative approach to digital design where the employment of parametric and algorithmic tools provide the possibility to set up integral multi-parametric systems; organizational as well as geometrical and structural aspects are investigated and, in parallel, they inform each other. ¶ The paper unfolds through constant reference to natural systems and, more specifically, develops the notion of pluri-potential systems deriving principle from the interaction between biological processes and computation. ¶ The results address the shift from mono-parametric problem-solving approaches to a generative problem-caring process where the integration of multiple system logics contribute to the development of a virtual pluri-potential set up. ¶ Finally, the paper explore the generative interdependency between structural, geometrical, organizational and computational logics of a system studying the manifold potentials of branching structures in the attempt to explore the emergent synergy between biological processes, computation and architectural design.
keywords Branching; Evolution; Generative; Open Systems; Parametric
series ACADIA
last changed 2022/06/07 07:58

_id ecaade2008_154
id ecaade2008_154
authors Vrontissi, Maria
year 2008
title Digital Database of Building Structural Systems: an Educational Tool to Support Multi-disciplinarity and Enrich Design Vocabulary in Preliminary Conceptual Structural Design
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2008.397
source Architecture in Computro [26th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-7-2] Antwerpen (Belgium) 17-20 September 2008, pp. 397-404
summary In building design practice, especially in the preliminary stages, multi-disciplinarity is often ignored, due to the intrinsic characteristics of the design process, the features of design education, or lack of appropriate tools, resulting in a limited design vocabulary. This paper investigates the development of a digital multi-media database of building structures, operating as a supporting tool in preliminary structural design in order to enrich and justify design decisions. The proposed database responds to the need of bridging the gap between systematic, yet abstract, theoretical analytical approach of structural systems and descriptive, visual, yet fragmented, representations of architectural forms, through a highly visual, yet thoroughly systematic, approach based on case-studies.
keywords Database: multi-disciplinarity, structural design, digital library, conceptual design
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:58

_id ddss2008-23
id ddss2008-23
authors Zeiler, Wim
year 2008
title Morphologic Multi Criteria Decision support forconceptual Integral Design of Flex(ible En)ergyInfrastructures
source H.J.P. Timmermans, B. de Vries (eds.) 2008, Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, ISBN 978-90-6814-173-3, University of Technology Eindhoven, published on CD
summary To ensure a good information exchange between different disciplines during the conceptual phase of design a functional design process structuring technique can be used; Integral Design. The design phases and abstraction levels form the dimensions of Integral Design method/contents matrix. Integral Design method is developed based on the combination of a prescriptive approach, Methodical Design, and a descriptive approach, Reflective practice. This design methodology uses morphology to provide an overview of the consider functions/aspects and their solution alternatives. This morphological approach is combined with the Kesselring method a visualization technique, where the different design variants can be compared with each other. It forms an excellent method for Multi Criteria Decision Making in the conceptual phase of design. This paper investigates the application of Integral Design and Multi Criteria Decision Making for design of Flex(ible En)ergy infrastructure for the built environment.
keywords Design & Decision Support Systems, Integral Design, Kesselring method
series DDSS
last changed 2008/09/01 17:06

_id ddss2008-10
id ddss2008-10
authors Zeiler, Wim; Perica Savanovic
year 2008
title Morphologic C-K reflection for collaborative buildingdesign
source H.J.P. Timmermans, B. de Vries (eds.) 2008, Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, ISBN 978-90-6814-173-3, University of Technology Eindhoven, published on CD
summary Design involves multi-disciplinary design teams to support this highly complex process. A reflective design approach is developed: Integral Desig. This design process approach results in transparency of the design steps and the design decisions. We regard the activities which make these changes obvious to an external observer as the core elements of designing (design as process). The results of these activities are combined with the C-K theory by Hatchuel and Weil, which defines design as a process generating co-expansion of two spaces, space of concepts C and space of knowledge K. Within the design process, the prescriptive methodology of Integral Design is used as a framework for reflection on the design process itself by the use Morphological Overviews (MO). Morphology provides a structure to give an overview and to structure the communication and reflection between design team members.
keywords Design & Decision Support Systems, C-K theory, Morphological Overview
series DDSS
last changed 2008/09/01 17:06

_id ecaade2008_123
id ecaade2008_123
authors Cenani, Sehnaz; Ça_da_, Gülen
year 2008
title Agent-Based System for Modeling User Behavior in Shopping Malls
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2008.635
source Architecture in Computro [26th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-7-2] Antwerpen (Belgium) 17-20 September 2008, pp. 635-642
summary Agent-based systems are being used as decision support systems for solving architectural design problems. Usually in design phase, user behavior is ignored by the designers. Therefore, after the construction, the users face difficulties in emergency situations and in daily usage. As a result, buildings become insufficient to respond to users’ needs and design goals of the building itself. Before construction, ability of testing the interactions between the building and its users is particularly important to solve the problems in early phases of the design. Hence, to design a building that functions better in certain situations and time loss decreases in the design process. For these reasons, the aim of this study is to develop a model to simulate users in shopping malls.
keywords User behavior, decision support systems, agent-based systems, simulation, shopping malls
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:55

_id caadria2008_18_session3a_153
id caadria2008_18_session3a_153
authors Gero, John S.; Kazjon S. Grace, Robert Saunders
year 2008
title Computational Analogy-Making in Designning: A Process Architecture
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2008.153
source CAADRIA 2008 [Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Chiang Mai (Thailand) 9-12 April 2008, pp. 153-160
summary This paper presents a model of computational analogy-making in designing based on the notion of situated similarity. Situated similarity is the idea that the relationship between two concepts is dependent not only on what the agent knows about those concepts but also on the way the agent is looking at them. Analogy-making is modelled as three interacting processes: formulation, matching and mapping. The model is developed and then its implications for developing situated analogy-making systems in design are discussed.
keywords Analogy-making; situatedness; similarity; designing
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:51

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