Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	caadria2010_031
id	caadria2010_031
authors	Burke, A.; B. Coorey, D. Hill and J. McDermott
year	2010
title	Urban micro-informatics: a test case for high-resolution urban modelling through aggregating public information sources
source	Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / Hong Kong 7-10 April 2010, pp. 327-336
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2010.327
summary	Our contention is that the city is a rich collection of urban micro-ecologies in continuous formation that include information types outside the traditional boundaries of urban design, city planning, and architecture and their native data fields. This paper discusses working with non-standard urban data types of a highly granular nature, and the analytical possibilities and technical issues associated with their aggregation, through a post professional masters level research studio project run in 2008. Opportunities for novel urban analysis arising from this process are discussed in the context of typical urban planning and analysis systems and locative media practices. This research bought to light specific technical and conceptual issues arising from the combination of processes including sources of data, data collection methods, data formatting, aggregating and visualisation. The range and nature of publicly available information and its value in an urban analysis context is also explored, linking collective information sites such as Pachube, to local environmental analysis and sensor webs. These are discussed in this paper, toward determining the possibilities for novel understandings of the city from a user centric, real-time urban perspective.
keywords	Urban; informatics; processing; ubicomp; visualisation
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	cdc2008_105
id	cdc2008_105
authors	Friedrich, Christian
year	2008
title	Information-matter hybrids: Prototypes engaging immediacy as architectural quality
source	First International Conference on Critical Digital: What Matters(s)? - 18-19 April 2008, Harvard University Graduate School of Design, Cambridge (USA), pp. 105-110
summary	‘Immediate Architecture’ is an exploratory investigation into possibilities of immediate interactive and constructive interaction with the built environment supported by digital technologies. Aim is to realize interactive reconfigurable architectural objects that support their informational and material reconfiguration in real-time. The outcome is intended to become a synergetic amalgam of interactive architecture, parametric design environment, automated component fabrication and assembly. To this end, computational and material strategies are developed to approach the condition of immediate architecture and applied in real-world prototypes. A series of developed techniques are presented, ranging from realtime volumetric modeling, behavioral programming and meta-application protocol to streaming fabrication and dynamic components for interactive architecture.
email
last changed	2009/01/07 08:05

_id	ecaade2008_077
id	ecaade2008_077
authors	Graf, Robert; Yan, Wei
year	2008
title	Automatic Walkthrough Utilizing Building Information Modeling to Facilitate Architectural Visualization
source	Architecture in Computro [26th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-7-2] Antwerpen (Belgium) 17-20 September 2008, pp. 555-560
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2008.555
summary	This paper presents a new system that supports automatic path planning for walkthrough in building models, using information retrieved from Building Information Modeling (BIM). It can automatically generate a path that explores all or part of the rooms in a building. During a real-time walkthrough, users will be able to follow the path while interactively controlling their viewing angles. That way, users can take guided tours while simultaneously looking around to examine the spaces. We expect the system to be useful in design review because BIM models of design can be easily brought into the system that allows reviewers to start walkthrough immediately and interactively. The significance of the work is that the system has potential applications for visualization of complex building design.
keywords	Walkthrough, Building Information Modeling, Visualization
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	ecaade2008_070
id	ecaade2008_070
authors	Guéna, François; Untersteller, Louis-Paul
year	2008
title	Computing Different Projections of a Polyhedral Scene from a Single 2D Sketch
source	Architecture in Computro [26th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-7-2] Antwerpen (Belgium) 17-20 September 2008, pp. 195-200
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2008.195
summary	This paper presents the development of a tool which is capable of compute several projections of a polyhedral scene from a single axonometric or perspective projection. This projection is hand-drawn and may be incomplete. This sketch can be rotated with a kind of trackball and the tool computes in real-time new projections. In that way the designer can choose another view from which he is able to control and complete the sketch and carry on designing. So this tool can be useful for exploring architectural forms in the early phases of the design process. Unlike others freehand sketching interfaces, the system does not operate any reconstruction in 3D. Everything is computed in a 2D world.
keywords	Architectural Design, Sketching, Projective Geometry, Duality, 3D Reconstruction
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	cdc2008_017
id	cdc2008_017
authors	Holzer, Dominik
year	2008
title	Embracing the Post-digital
source	First International Conference on Critical Digital: What Matters(s)? - 18-19 April 2008, Harvard University Graduate School of Design, Cambridge (USA), pp. 17-22
summary	This paper discusses ways for designers to reconnect their design methodologies with the process of making. The paper takes a critical standpoint on the way architects have integrated digital tools and computational processes in their design over the past three to four decades. By scrutinising the support designers can derive from their virtual design-space it is debated in how far this may be complemented by sensory information-feedback from the physical design-space. A studio-based design project is used to illustrate how students have approached this issue to address aspects of building performance in a post-digital way. Moving between digital and physical models without difficulty, the students were able to study the effects geometrical changes on sustainability-performance in real time.
email
last changed	2009/01/07 08:05

_id	caadria2008_17_session2a_143
id	caadria2008_17_session2a_143
authors	Kaewlai, Pornpis; Pinyo Jinuntuya, Pizzanu Kanongchaiyos
year	2008
title	Interactive Feasibility-based CAAD System for Infrastructure and Open Space Planning in Housing Project Design
source	CAADRIA 2008 [Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Chiang Mai (Thailand) 9-12 April 2008, pp. 143-148
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2008.143
summary	The decision support system developed in this research is aimed to the conceptual scheme of project focusing on infrastructure planning and open space design in the architectural context for housing project. Alternative design sets are provided within the limitations, and possibilities to be further evaluated appropriately. This system helps architects and developers to analyze relationships of physical environment, architectural requirements and the overall of project-related factors with real-time cost estimation. Factors for cost estimation derived from the beginning to the end of project will be manipulated simultaneously. Architects and developers can use this design simulation to address the physical data with real-time cost estimation, provide alternative results, and design evaluation for overall project’s feasibility. The software of our research is not just a tool for design & planning automation in feasibility analysis. It will be an interactive decision support system for both developers and planners aspects. The system was developed by SketchUp Ruby Application Programming Interface. The results will be presented into two ways. Firstly, 2D and 3D modeling will be used for interactive visualization in design and planning of the beginning process. Subsequently, numbers and additional factors in details will be used to show relationship between architectural environment and feasibility-based information to help architects and developers collaboratively analyze the land use planning and open space design for housing project. In evaluation process, the developed software is tested with the project preceding and the future project of Bangkok area under constraints and regulations of Building Control Act of Thailand. In conclusion, this system will make effectiveness in design process and management of the construction knowledge. The decision support systems should be designed to makes explicit use of both planning analysis aspect and knowledge-based decision making.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	kasyanov02_paper_eaea2007
id	kasyanov02_paper_eaea2007
authors	Kasyanov, Nikolai
year	2008
title	Study of Architectural Shape Formation in Comparison with Natural Morphogenesis Using Computer Simulation
source	Proceedings of the 8th European Architectural Endoscopy Association Conference
summary	Geometric accuracy of architectural computer models allows to percept and to analyze the three-dimensional spatial compositions using computer images. The concepts and methodology of modern interdisciplinary science, in particular fractal geometry, have already been successfully applied in the various scientific fields, as astronomy, physics, chemistry, biology. Modern ecological paradigm does not separate human life and anthropogenic world from the natural environment considering all as unitary nonlinear ecosystem. The analysis of the architectural shape formation is a part of the study of morphogenesis in such different worlds, as non-living and living nature and man-made forms – real as well as virtual architecture.
keywords	morphogenesis, architectural landscape, computer simulations
series	EAEA
email
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/eaea
last changed	2008/04/29 20:46

_id	caadria2008_72_session7a_594
id	caadria2008_72_session7a_594
authors	Kosavinta, Satakhun
year	2008
title	Collaborative Financial Feasibility With CAAD For Residential Development
source	CAADRIA 2008 [Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Chiang Mai (Thailand) 9-12 April 2008, pp. 594-600
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2008.594
summary	Computer Aided Architectural Design software is a necessary tool for the architectural design of a visible object or model. In residential development, an estimation of time/cost corresponding to the design is needed in order to complete its successful project. But available feasibility supporting tools usually lacks ability to share their information. To solve this limitation, this research proposes a design of Graphic User Interface (GUI) for collaborative financial feasibility through an architectural design process in housing project. The development of the GUI starts from collecting some information and requirement from National Housing Authority of Thailand. A heuristic decision making approach based on financial analysis are then designed for both design processes and feasibility processes of the project. Finally, design of the GUI is an integration of CAAD engines, design standards and financial feasibility analysis. Proposed GUI for collaborative financial feasibility is also tested and verified with some information from sample past projects of the National Housing Authority. From the experimental results, This GUI allows designers to improve the design of the project in real-time by inspecting the result of their design via the part of the architectural design-oriented GUI called myMonitoring and Scratch Pad. Together with planning, collaborative financial feasibility is focusing on the four main financial parameters which illustrated the possible chance of the project: Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit-Cost Ratio (B/C), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Payback Period. The core system was developed on Java Technology such as JSP and Swing empowered by 3D game engine. In addition, “Virtools” as an authoring tool was applied to improve interactive 3D virtual environment and explore rapid online system prototyping.
keywords	Collaborative: Financial Feasibility; CAAD; Residential Development; Virtual Reality (VR)
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	matveyev02_paper_eaea2007
id	matveyev02_paper_eaea2007
authors	Matveyev, Sergey
year	2008
title	Interactive 3D-Presentations and their Possibilities in Architectural Education and Real Designing (Digital Architecture Simulation)
source	Proceedings of the 8th European Architectural Endoscopy Association Conference
summary	Architectural designs come alive in people’s minds. It takes a lot of effort and time to make them real and tangible. But you cannot start the construction unless you have a clear picture in your mind. And here the imaginative part comes to the fore. We use technology that makes incredible things happen. One gets the ability to watch and experience the whole building in three-dimensions before it is made real! From now on you can create and feel the life-like architecture in Virtual Environment (VE).
series	EAEA
email
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/eaea
last changed	2008/04/29 20:46

_id	ecaade2008_172
id	ecaade2008_172
authors	Pellitteri, Giuseppe; Concialdi, Salvatore; Lattuca, Raimondo; Conti, Giuseppe; De Amicis, Raffaele
year	2008
title	Digital Architectures Generated Using Forces in Urban Environment
source	Architecture in Computro [26th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-7-2] Antwerpen (Belgium) 17-20 September 2008, pp. 951-958
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2008.951
summary	A paper, a description of a software application is given, which allows to generate tridimensional models of buildings, directly inside a geo referential context, following a parametric approach, in which the volume of the building is put in direct relation with forces/law bonds emerging from the urban context. The user is, therefore, able to interactively operate within a project process, in which, by changing the parameters values and by verifying in real time, the results of the changes, he/she is able to evaluate all possible infinite scenarios. The system, thought for Trento’s (Italy) urban context, may also be applied on other cities.
keywords	Generative design, performative architecture
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	cdc2008_267
id	cdc2008_267
authors	Rojas, Francisca M.; Kristian Kloeckl and Carlo Ratti
year	2008
title	Dynamic City: Investigations into the sensing, analysis and application of real-time, location-based data
source	First International Conference on Critical Digital: What Matters(s)? - 18-19 April 2008, Harvard University Graduate School of Design, Cambridge (USA), pp. 267-278
summary	Over the past decade, our cities have been blanketed with digital bits. Unlike the old electromagnetic, unidirectional waves, these bits are bidirectional – they communicate – and are thus tied to human activities. Our hypothesis is that by analyzing these bits we can gain an augmented, fine-grained understanding of how the city functions - socially, economically and yes, even psychologically. Some preliminary results from different projects recently carried out at MIT senseable city lab are discussed below.
email
last changed	2009/01/07 08:05

_id	ecaade2008_116
id	ecaade2008_116
authors	Spaeth, A. Benjamin
year	2008
title	Room Acoustics in the Architectural Design Process
source	Architecture in Computro [26th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-7-2] Antwerpen (Belgium) 17-20 September 2008, pp. 367-374
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2008.367
summary	The basic principles, methods, and digital tools for the analysis of room acoustics are the topic of this paper. Students have been using these analysis and simulation tools during a seminar at Stuttgart University to systematically investigate acoustical situations. Additionally to lecturing on the underlying physics of room acoustics we were trying to convey the impact of geometry on room acoustics and therefore the impact of room acoustics on shapes in architecture. This paper describes the implementation of a real time simulation module for room acoustics within our Virtual Reality System.
keywords	Room Acoustics, Virtual Reality, Design Tools, Education
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	caadria2008_60_session6a_494
id	caadria2008_60_session6a_494
authors	Wang, Xiangyu; Rui Chen
year	2008
title	The shape of sound: Using mixed REALITIES to bridge music and architecture
source	CAADRIA 2008 [Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia] Chiang Mai (Thailand) 9-12 April 2008, pp. 494-500
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2008.494
summary	There are structural and aesthetic components in architectural design that mirror the foundational components of musical compositions. In recent years, both architects and musicians have taken advantage of the advances in technology, allowing for new designs and compositions that would not be possible without computers. Mixed Realities, the merging of different reality worlds to create new environments where objects from these reality worlds can interact with each other in a real-time manner, is envisaged to become such technological platform bridging between space and sound. This paper discusses the interfaces of such bridging that can occur via Mixed Realities, the associated issues and possible outcomes of a Mixed Realities system that would allow for collaboration between architects and musicians.
keywords	Mixed Realities, Collaboration, Architecture, Music, 3D Visualizations
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	acadia08_222
id	acadia08_222
authors	Westre, Aaron
year	2008
title	Complexity Machine 1: A 3D Modeling Application Implementing Behavioral Simulation
source	Silicon + Skin: Biological Processes and Computation, [Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) / ISBN 978-0-9789463-4-0] Minneapolis 16-19 October 2008, 222-229
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2008.222
summary	Complexity Machine 1 is a software application developed by the author as a Master of Architecture thesis project at the University of Minnesota. The software acts as a platform for exploring three dimensional form produced via behavioral simulation. Specifically, the behaviors are modeled on emergent group dynamics found commonly in nature such as flocking, chasing, and evading. Though various commercial softwares and numerous small-scale architectural projects exist in this area, Complexity Machine 1 is intended as a freely available and generic platform for exploring the formal implications of these emergent behaviors. The simulated behaviors are governed by a variety of parameters and a set of eight simple rules. Formal results are influenced by these parameters and rules; along with scale, color, and geometric settings. The flexibility of the software allows users to investigate a vast array of potential forms, adjust settings in real time, and export the results for further manipulation. Complexity Machine 1 continues to be refined and improved towards the goal of providing an easy to use platform to designers for exploring forms that emerge from complex group behavior.
keywords	Behavior; Complexity; Emergence; Flocking; Simulation
series	ACADIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	asanowicz02_paper_eaea2007
id	asanowicz02_paper_eaea2007
authors	Asanowicz, Aleksander; Katarzyna Asanowicz
year	2008
title	The Dynamic Perception of Digitally Created Abstract Urban Space
source	Proceedings of the 8th European Architectural Endoscopy Association Conference
summary	Sigmund Freud in his book has used a City as a Metaphor of human Psyche. According to him City is not only images of the forms given us in the process of perception but all invisible and nowadays not existing forms (buildings) too. This way of representing historical sequences is possible thanks to ability of our mind to parallel consideration of different spatial meanings. Aldo Rossi called it - “analogous City” – a city which includes the existing buildings, buildings which was existed in the same place in the past and imaginary buildings (our visions of future development of the city). As a result – City is a place where real and virtual meet. Aldo Rossi presents an “analogous city” as a mental map which includes real and unreal forms representing, at the same time, remembered and imagined events. He has written: “When we back to the place after long absence we not only recognize it, but at the same time start remembering events which has happened at this place in the past. Peter Eisenman in “The City of Artificial Excavation” has analyzed the city as an archaeologist, who excaved forgotten buildings and showed us unknown connections and meanings.
keywords	city perception, emotions, digital composition
series	EAEA
email
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/eaea
last changed	2008/04/29 20:46

_id	sigradi2008_103
id	sigradi2008_103
authors	Baltazar, Ana Paula; Maria Lucia Malard, Silke Kapp, Pedro Schultz
year	2008
title	From physical models to immersive collaborative environments: testing the best way for homeless people to visualise and negotiate spaces
source	SIGraDi 2008 - [Proceedings of the 12th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] La Habana - Cuba 1-5 December 2008
summary	This paper describes an experiment to investigate the best way for lay people to use representation to visualise and negotiate space. It was motivated by our observations in workshops for digital inclusion in the context of a housing project for a homeless association. Computers were used to make it easier for the community to understand and change the spaces in real time. The first workshops proved that our approach was efficient as an exercise but not certainly effective concerning the understanding of spatial qualities. So we have designed an experiment to compare the usability of different media in participatory design processes. For that we have adapted the ‘Usability’ methodology, which is fully described in the paper. We started with three main questions. The first concerned the effectiveness of different media to represent spatial quality; the second concerned the best way for novices to approach space, whether by refurbishing a pre-existing space or by starting from the scratch; and the third concerned the effectiveness of negotiation by means of discourse and by means of or action. We also had two main hypothesis: one coming from research on digital environments and stereo visualisation, indicating that the more people feel immersed in the represented environment the more they are able to correlate it with physical space; and the other coming from our own observations in the participatory design workshops, in which the collective decision-making was manipulated by those people with more advanced communication skills who use their ability in an authoritative way regardless of the relevance of what they have to say. This paper describes the whole experiment, which was an exercise of spatial negotiation in 5 versions. In the first version we provided fixed digital views of a room in plan and axonometry; for another two versions we provided a physical model of the room in 1:10 scale, with some pieces of the existing furniture in different scales. This was done to check if people were just playing with a puzzle or actually grasping the correspondence between representation and the object or the space represented. One version proposes refurbishment and the other starts from the scratch. And the last two versions repeated the same task made with the physical model, but this time using a 3D interactive digital model. People were required not only to organise the furniture in the space but also to build a full scale cardboard structure and organise the real furniture reproducing their proposed model. Their comments on the spaces they had built confronted with what they had imaged when working with the model has enabled us to compare the different models, as also the different ways of negotiating spaces. This paper describes this experiment in detail concluding that 3D digital interactive models are far more effective than physical models and 2D drawings; when negotiation happens by means of action it provides more creative results than when the discoursive practice prevails; people are more creative when they start something from scratch, though they spend more time. The results of this experiment led us to formulate a new hypothesis leading to the development of an immersive collaborative environment using stereoscopy.
keywords	Visualisation, negotiation, immersive environment, digital interfaces, homeless people
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	acadia08_308
id	acadia08_308
authors	Berrier, Seth; Gary Meyer; Clement Shimizu
year	2008
title	Creating Metallic Color Sequences for an Architectural Wall
source	Silicon + Skin: Biological Processes and Computation, [Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) / ISBN 978-0-9789463-4-0] Minneapolis 16-19 October 2008, 308-315
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2008.308
summary	A metallic paint scheme for an architectural wall is created using computer aided color appearance design techniques. New computer graphic hardware that allows real-time rendering of complex reflectance functions is employed to produce photo-realistic images of the metallic paint applied to the surface of the wall. An interpolation scheme is developed that permits one and two dimensional metallic shade sequences to be determined between individual bricks in a single row of the wall and between the complete rows of bricks that compose the wall. Paint formulation software, originally developed for auto refinish applications, is used to determine the paint mixtures necessary to realize the metallic colors in the design. A prototype of the wall is constructed and exhibited in a museum gallery.
keywords	Color; Design; Environment; Perception; System
series	ACADIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	acadia08_152
id	acadia08_152
authors	Biloria, Nimish
year	2008
title	Morphogenomic Urban and Architectural Systems: An Investigation into Informatics Oriented Evolution of Form: The Case of the A2 Highway
source	Silicon + Skin: Biological Processes and Computation, [Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) / ISBN 978-0-9789463-4-0] Minneapolis 16-19 October 2008, 152-157
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2008.152
summary	This research paper exemplifies upon a novel information integrated generative design method: Morphogenomics, being experimented with at Hyperbody, TU Delft. Morphogenomics, a relatively new research area, which deals with the intricacies of morphological informatics. This paper furthermore discusses an ongoing Morphogenmoics oriented design-research case: the development of a Distributed Network-city along the A2 highway, Netherlands. The A2 highway, development is a live project seeking urban development on either side of this busy highway. Hyperbody, during the course of this research initiative developed a series of real-time interactive computational tools focusing upon the collaborative contextual generation of a performative urban and architectural morphology for the A2 highway. This research paper elaborates upon these computational techniques based Morphogenomic approach and its resultant outcomes.
keywords	Computation; Evolution; Flocking; Information; Morphogenesis
series	ACADIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	ecaade2008_186
id	ecaade2008_186
authors	Bourdakis, Vassilis
year	2008
title	Low Tech Approach to 3D Urban Modeling
source	Architecture in Computro [26th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-7-2] Antwerpen (Belgium) 17-20 September 2008, pp. 959-964
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2008.959
summary	Over the last decade various examples of urban 3D models have been created employing various techniques for data collection and model building. The problems faced are well documented, issues of accuracy, complexity and utility of the models has also been addressed. This paper presents a low tech approach to accurate city modeling focusing on engineering applications, browsing/experiencing applications as well as multi-layering time based analyses, historical info overlaying for use in interactive real time applications (museum exhibitions, research projects for behavioral patterns of users in 3D urban environments, marketing, tourism, etc). The pros and cons of the proposed methodology are analyzed and ways forward suggested.
keywords	Urban modeling, photogrammetric techniques, 3D modeling
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	ecaade2008_194
id	ecaade2008_194
authors	Brown, Andre; Winchester, Martin; Knight, Mike
year	2008
title	Panoramic Architectural Art: Real-Digital Interaction as a Catalyst
source	Architecture in Computro [26th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-7-2] Antwerpen (Belgium) 17-20 September 2008, pp. 751-756
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2008.751
summary	This paper describes an integrated cross-disciplinary project in which digital technologies have been used as a vehicle to bring together material, educators and students from a variety of backgrounds. A significant piece of new art, commissioned for the Capital of Culture year (2008) in Liverpool, has been the centre-piece and catalyst for the project.
keywords	Art: Interactive: Education
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

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