CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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Hits 1 to 20 of 345

_id acadia09_287
id acadia09_287
authors Senagala, Mahesh; Vermillion, Joshua
year 2009
title An Inconvenient Studio
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2009.287
source ACADIA 09: reForm( ) - Building a Better Tomorrow [Proceedings of the 29th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-9842705-0-7] Chicago (Illinois) 22-25 October, 2009), pp. 287-290
summary The authors propose that technologically empowered design innovations, able to confront the many global challenges faced presently and in the future, require new pedagogical and organizational strategies in the design studio. The paper describes a novel approach to conducting An Inconvenient Studio and the unique learning experience that led to original active and reactive inventions. Situated technologies / physical computing played a central role in enabling An Inconvenient Studio. Five projects that came out of the studio will be briefly described: Legobotics, Bloom, Twist, Arcus Animus, and Morpholuminescence.
series ACADIA
type Short paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:56

_id cf2009_410
id cf2009_410
authors Abdelhameed, Wael
year 2009
title Reciprocal relationship of conceptualization and design problem definition: A proposed approach for an architectural design studio
source T. Tidafi and T. Dorta (eds) Joining Languages, Cultures and Visions: CAADFutures 2009, PUM, 2009, pp. 410-422
summary This research paper proposes an approach to be applied in the design studio. The proposed approach highlights the reciprocal relationship between concept articulation and design problem definition in a design method that exposes different design activities related to this relationship. The design method was applied in a design studio of an intermediate level. The study reports the analysis of student designs in terms of the deign method employed. Moreover, a survey was carried out in order to measure the responses of students and instructors regarding the design method and its approach. The main structure of the design method proposed can be described as follows: although the relationship of concept articulation and design-problem definition are reciprocal, the influence of one direction can be distinguished more than of the other direction on different design activities. The research using qualitative and quantitative methodologies analyzes the results and outputs of the theoretical investigations, the practical application in the design studio, and the questionnaire responses through different methodological tools.
keywords Conceptual design, design method, architectural design studio
series CAAD Futures
email
last changed 2009/06/08 20:53

_id ascaad2014_023
id ascaad2014_023
authors Al-Maiyah, Sura and Hisham Elkadi
year 2014
title Assessing the Use of Advanced Daylight Simulation Modelling Tools in Enhancing the Student Learning Experience
source Digital Crafting [7th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2014 / ISBN 978-603-90142-5-6], Jeddah (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia), 31 March - 3 April 2014, pp. 303-313
summary In architecture schools, where the ‘studio culture’ lies at the heart of students’ learning, taught courses, particularly technology ones, are often seen as secondary or supplementary units. Successful delivery of such courses, where students can act effectively, be motivated and engaged, is a rather demanding task requiring careful planning and the use of various teaching styles. A recent challenge that faces architecture education today, and subsequently influences the way technology courses are being designed, is the growing trend in practice towards environmentally responsive design and the need for graduates with new skills in sustainable construction and urban ecology (HEFCE’s consultation document, 2005). This article presents the role of innovative simulation modelling tools in the enhancement of the student learning experience and professional development. Reference is made to a teaching practice that has recently been applied at Portsmouth School of Architecture in the United Kingdom and piloted at Deakin University in Australia. The work focuses on the structure and delivery of one of the two main technology units in the second year architecture programme that underwent two main phases of revision during the academic years 2009/10 and 2010/11. The article examines the inclusion of advanced daylight simulation modelling tools in the unit programme, and measures the effectiveness of enhancing its delivery as a key component of the curriculum on the student learning experience. A main objective of the work was to explain whether or not the introduction of a simulation modelling component, and the later improvement of its integration with the course programme and assessment, has contributed to a better learning experience and level of engagement. Student feedback and the grade distribution pattern over the last three academic years were collected and analyzed. The analysis of student feedback on the revised modelling component showed a positive influence on the learning experience and level of satisfaction and engagement. An improvement in student performance was also recorded over the last two academic years and following the implementation of new assessment design.
series ASCAAD
email
last changed 2016/02/15 13:09

_id sigradi2009_775
id sigradi2009_775
authors Alves, Andressa Schneider; José Luis Farinatti Aymone
year 2009
title Modelagem 3D e animação para o desenvolvimento de um modelo virtual interativo em realidade virtual (VRML) na área de moda [3D modeling and animation for the development of an interactive virtual model in virtual reality (VRML) in fashion ]
source SIGraDi 2009 - Proceedings of the 13th Congress of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics, Sao Paulo, Brazil, November 16-18, 2009
summary This article describes the development of a project that combines modeling and animation of three-dimensional objects (virtual model, clothing, environment) in the software 3D Studio Max with VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language). The project allows various interactions between the user and the environment developed. The main interaction is the choice of clothing, in which different parts can be proven in the virtual model. The results can be applied to online sales, marketing strategies and 3D virtual simulation.
keywords Modelagem tridimensional; Animação; Realidade Virtual; Moda; Fashion Design
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id sigradi2009_709
id sigradi2009_709
authors Angulo, Antonieta; John Fillwalk; Guillermo Vásquez de Velasco
year 2009
title Collaborating in a Virtual Architectural Environment: The Las Americas Virtual Design Studio (LAVDS) populates Second Life
source SIGraDi 2009 - Proceedings of the 13th Congress of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics, Sao Paulo, Brazil, November 16-18, 2009
summary The paper describes exploratory work in the design, construction, and habitation of a virtual structure (VS) nested within an Internet-based multi-user environment and serving a geographically distributed collective of architecture students and faculty. In addition to a discourse on the design and implementation parameters that were used, the paper seeks to provide findings that make reference to the quality of teaching/learning experience of users and the effectiveness of the interaction among users while working on a common architectural design project. This experience will further contribute to the knowledge base that will be needed in the design of virtual architecture.
keywords Virtual design studio; Second Life; Multi-user environment; Architectural design and learning
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id sigradi2009_037
id sigradi2009_037
authors Aroztegui Massera, Carmen; Rodrigo García Alvarado; María Isabel López
year 2009
title El Storyboard y el Animatic en la Enseñanza del Proyecto de Arquitectura [Storyboarding and Animatics in Architectural Education]
source SIGraDi 2009 - Proceedings of the 13th Congress of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics, Sao Paulo, Brazil, November 16-18, 2009
summary This paper discusses the issues involved with the introduction of the storyboard and the animatic in a design studio exercise. Storyboards - sketches used in film planning -, and the animatic - basically a moving storyboard - allow the student to understand space within in the context of a narrative. The purpose of the exercise was to enable the expression of subjectively experienced space in an early stage of urban context analysis. Differently than the traditional approach to animation which results a camera traveling through a path, the exercise approached animation from the perspective of the stories about the place.
keywords storyboard; animatic; education; architecture studio
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id 96d8
id 96d8
authors Booth, Peter; Loo, Stephen
year 2009
title Beyond Equilibrium: Sustainable Digital Design
source Sustainable theory/ theorizing sustainability Proceedings from the 5th International Conference of the Association of Architecture Victoria University, New Zealand, 4-5 September 2009
summary Implicit in current understandings of sustainability is the presence of a closed system with the capacity of equilibration. Sustainable practices, including design practices, are therefore assumed to possess a redemptive role: design is deployed (as environmentally sustainable design, etc.) to change habits, develop new technologies and recover marginalized practices in the hope of righting the balance between the environment and human endeavours.

Recent developments in experimental digital design have demonstrated non‐linear and highly complex relations between topological transformations, material change, and the temporal dimension of forces. More importantly, this method of design is bottom‐up, because it does not rely on design solutions presaged by conventions, or restricted by representation, but is emergent within the performance of computational design itself. We argue that digital design processes need to move beyond the flux of determinates and solutions in equilibrium, towards a radically continuous but consistent production, which is in effect, an expression of sustainable pedagogy.

The role of emergent digital techniques has significant impact on the methods in which computation is utilized within both practice and academic environments. This paper outlines a digital design studio on sustainability at the University of Tasmania, Australia that uses parametric modelling, digital performance testing, and topological morphology, concomitant with actual material fabrication, as a potent mode of collaborative design studio practice towards a sustainable design pedagogy.

keywords digital, computation, process, morphogenesis.
series other
type normal paper
email
last changed 2009/09/08 23:21

_id ecaade2018_312
id ecaade2018_312
authors Gündüz, Gamze, Oral, Hülya and Yazar, Tu?rul
year 2018
title Integration of Design Geometry with "Computational Making" in Basic Design Studio - A Case Study of Lanterns Project
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2018.2.439
source Kepczynska-Walczak, A, Bialkowski, S (eds.), Computing for a better tomorrow - Proceedings of the 36th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland, 19-21 September 2018, pp. 439-448
summary Basic design education, as an introduction of design principles to novice students, has two-way of teaching which are design thinking and professional training, since Bauhaus. Initiated in 2009, the Computation-based Basic Design Studio creates a common ground through discussions between students, academics, and professionals from various backgrounds. In this paper, the implementation of parallel courses named Computation-based Basic Design Studio and Design Geometry is discussed upon final assignment of the first semester- New Year's Lanterns. The given assignment structured as a cyclic process through constant feedback between geometric relations, material performance, and, joinery details to achieve novel outcomes that exceed the preliminarily set structural criteria. In relation to individual processes and outcomes of the final assignment, observed tendencies developed by students', at the end of their first-term in design education, will be discussed as final remarks.
keywords design education; basic design; design geometry; polyhedra
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:49

_id ascaad2009_abdullah_jenaidab
id ascaad2009_abdullah_jenaidab
authors Jenaidab, Abdullah and Mahmoud Ahmed Eissa
year 2009
title Digital Modeling in Traditional Architecture Learning: the method and benefits
source Digitizing Architecture: Formalization and Content [4th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2009) / ISBN 978-99901-06-77-0], Manama (Kingdom of Bahrain), 11-12 May 2009, pp. 153-162
summary This paper looks at learning from The traditional architecture with the aid of digital 3D modelling aimed to support the process of architectural design in a studio environment where designs can be tested without the practicalities of the real world. The process of architectural design in itself is an unknown phenomenon for new students of architecture, so they look to digital 3D modelling to help them in understanding the vernacular or traditional architecture vocabulary. The question therefore, is how can digital 3D modelling underpin a student’s own design philosophy and experience? Also is there any place for the older students, in making this process more productive? The digital 3D modelling of a sample traditional house in historical Jeddah has allowed for a study and learning from of traditional architecture. Observing students over one semester, it was apparent that a more open critical ability developed in understanding the vernacular or traditional architecture vocabulary. Based on feedback from students, we have developed guidelines and recommendations for teaching traditional architecture with the help of 3D digital modelling technologies. We believe we have improved the quality of the Department's small-group teaching and encouraged students to treat communication and 3D modelling skills as valuable. Our results show techniques of creating 3D digital modelling can be very helpful in teaching the vocabulary of our traditional architecture. Digital 3D modelling in this way seems an ideal tool in traditional architectural education which is presently neglected.
series ASCAAD
email
last changed 2009/06/30 08:12

_id cf2009_740
id cf2009_740
authors Kendir, Elif; Schork, Tim
year 2009
title Tools for conviviality : Transcribing design
source T. Tidafi and T. Dorta (eds) Joining Languages, Cultures and Visions: CAADFutures 2009, PUM, 2009, pp. 740- 753
summary This paper presents the outcomes and findings of a semester long trans-disciplinary design studio recently taught at RMIT University, involving students from the disciplines of architecture, industrial design and landscape design. The focus of the studio was to investigate the creation and appropriation of tools for innovative design processes. Drawing on craft theory and theories of design and computation, this paper illustrates how tools can transgress disciplinary boundaries and investigates how an understanding of the intricate relationship between tools, techniques, the media they operate in and the design outcome is the premise of a more informed design approach.
keywords Craft Theory, Design and Computation, Design studio pedagogy, Tooling
series CAAD Futures
email
last changed 2009/06/08 20:53

_id ecaade2009_138
id ecaade2009_138
authors Kozikoglu, Nilüfer; Erdogan, Meral; Nircan, Ahmet Kutsi; Özsel Akipek, Fulya
year 2009
title Collective Design Network: Systems Thinking (Event-Pattern-Structures) and System Dynamics Modelling as a Design Concept and Strategy
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2009.533
source Computation: The New Realm of Architectural Design [27th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-8-9] Istanbul (Turkey) 16-19 September 2009, pp. 533-540
summary This paper will relay the initial phase of a collaborative work within partners from the design discipline, systems engineering, and software engineering which deals with the interrelations of “network idea”, “systems thinking”, “collective design”, and “computation”. Vensim– a system dynamics modelling tool developed by Ventana Systems, Inc. in 1992 – has been used in an experimental first year design studio to engage students in systems thinking in the architectural design environment. It has been observed that this tool enabled most students to develop a multi-layered, complex and more controlled design logic and to amplify the cognitive processes at the beginning of the design education. We conclude that in order to fully realize systems thinking in the design process, new ways of integrating parametric design environments and system dynamic modelling environments needs to be investigated.
wos WOS:000334282200064
keywords Design network, system dynamics, dynamic pattern, collectivity, integration
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:51

_id caadria2009_030
id caadria2009_030
authors Lai, Ih-Cheng; Teng-Wen Chang
year 2009
title One Map Many Ideas : How Novice Designers Generate Conceptual Designs From An Idea Map
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2009.341
source Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / Yunlin (Taiwan) 22-25 April 2009, pp. 341-350
summary Brainstorming is a method for creative problem solving in the design studio learning. In brainstorming, linking ideas is regarded as searching design in design space which is constructed by a graph-like knowledge structure between participants’ knowledge. Idea Map provides the potential knowledge representation for representing such design space. This research conducts an experiment to understand how novice designers generate conceptual designs through an idea map. Finally, a preliminary computational mechanism for controlling an effective map size to develop conceptual designs is proposed.
keywords Linking ideas: idea map; design space; conceptual design; brainstorming
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:52

_id sigradi2009_795
id sigradi2009_795
authors Lyon, Arturo; Claudio Labarca
year 2009
title Modular Flow; Hard on parametrics
source SIGraDi 2009 - Proceedings of the 13th Congress of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics, Sao Paulo, Brazil, November 16-18, 2009
summary The design and fabrication of an exhibition display project was taken as an opportunity to explore parametric design with a group of students in Chile. This article presents the experience of a design studio workshop exercise by addressing the introduction of parametric design principles and the development of a built academic project through a team based design and fabrication process. The strategy followed by the team was to utilize parametric models as a mean to materialize driving variables of the project into unexpected geometries to be deployed in different public spaces in Santiago. Context, time scale and available technology resulted in a non-obvious combination of advanced digital design and fabrication techniques and low-cost mass-produced materials.
keywords parametric; design; experimental; architecture; Chile
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:55

_id acadia09_144
id acadia09_144
authors Miller, Nathan
year 2009
title Parametric Strategies in Civic Architecture Design
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2009.144
source ACADIA 09: reForm( ) - Building a Better Tomorrow [Proceedings of the 29th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-9842705-0-7] Chicago (Illinois) 22-25 October, 2009), pp. 144-152
summary Using several NBBJ civic projects as case studies, this paper provides an overview of how NBBJ’s Los Angeles design studio is leveraging parametric and generative processes for the design of projects such as stadiums and exposition halls. A combination of ambitious intent and fast project schedules necessitates the use of advanced parametric tools to quickly solve complex problems, generate unique features, and automate parts of the design process. Designers will utilize digital tools for a variety of purposes, which can be classified under two general categories. The first and most common application of the technology is within the category of rationalization and optimization. The tool, in this case, is limited to the role of a production device that aids the designer in efficiently solving complex design problems. In more unique projects, the advanced technology acts as a generative tool and is an integral part of a working design methodology. In this case, the design technology becomes more than just a tool at the designer’s disposal. Rather, it has the potential to act as a critical lens for identifying new possibilities in the architecture.
keywords Parametric design, complexity, stadium, scripting
series ACADIA
type Normal paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:58

_id caadria2009_010
id caadria2009_010
authors Nakapan, Walaiporn; Ning Gu, Leman Figen Gul, Anthony Williams
year 2009
title NU Genesis
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2009.257
source Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / Yunlin (Taiwan) 22-25 April 2009, pp. 257-265
summary This paper presents a journal of unique design ideas emerged from a virtual collaborative design studio between Rangsit University, Thailand and University of Newcastle, Australia. “NU Genesis”, a virtual island in “Second Life” is used as an experimental platform, allowing the two universities to collaborate in design and learning across the continent. The presented designs are analyzed and evaluated to highlight the new design potentials in 3D virtual worlds, such as new design context and design support, and examples of the unique design usage of these potentials in future design practices. The design experiences and outcomes of the individual and collaborative projects are also discussed.
keywords Virtual design studio, 3D virtual worlds, alternative design
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:59

_id c25d
id c25d
authors Shady Attia, Liliana Beltrán, André De Herde and Jan Hensen
year 2009
title Architect Friendly: A Comparison of Ten Different Building Performance Simulation Tools
source IBPSA
summary Performance Simulation tools BPS is available internationally. The users of those tools are mainly researchers, physicists and experts who value empirical validation, analytical verification and calibration of uncertainty as defined by e.g. BESTEST. However, literature and comparative surveys indicate that most architects who use BPS tools in design practice are much more concerned with the (1) Usability and Information Management (UIM) of interface and (2) the Integration of Intelligent design Knowledge-Base (IIKB). Those two issues are the main factors for identifying a building simulation program as “Architect Friendly”. Now, with the advancement of BPS tools and the recent announcements of direct links between BIM or non-BIM modeling tools and BPS tools it is important to compare the existing programs. Based on an online survey, this paper presents the results of comparing ten major BPS tools. The following programs are compared: ECOTECT, HEED, Energy 10, Design Builder, eQUEST, DOE-2, Green Building Studio, IES VE, Energy Plus and Energy Plus-SketchUp Plugin (OpenStudio). With 249 valid responses, the survey ranked the tools in three classes and revealed that architects seek the IIKB above the UIM of the interface. Finally, the paper summarizes the key findings and underlines the major requirements for future improvement and development of BPS tools, mainly from an architectural perspective.
series other
type normal paper
email
more http://www.ibpsa.org/proceedings/BS2009/BS09_0204_211.pdf
last changed 2011/05/24 07:44

_id sigradi2009_1195
id sigradi2009_1195
authors Stewart, Tonya; Kevin Sweet
year 2009
title Advanced Praxis: Synthesizing Digital and Craft in Design
source SIGraDi 2009 - Proceedings of the 13th Congress of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics, Sao Paulo, Brazil, November 16-18, 2009
summary Digital fabrication practices have allowed for a level of exactitude and precision unattainable by the designer’s hand. While the design community has benefited tremendously from developments in technology, certain qualities reflective of craft have been lost as a result of the overwhelming dependency on computer-based processes. In order to reinvigorate a sense of craft and personal expression into design, modalities of education must evolve to incorporate these characteristics with contemporary digital techniques. By combining craft, digital tools and collaborative efforts a new breed of designer will emerge – one that finds a personal voice in a globalized world. This paper outlines these issues as they were explored in an experimental design studio that focused on the integration of craft with digital fabrication methods that included both students of graphic design and architecture.
keywords digital fabrication; cross-disciplinary; design pedagogy
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 10:01

_id sigradi2009_833
id sigradi2009_833
authors Stoyanov, Momchil
year 2009
title Análise lumínica virtual de elementos construídos por meio de programação: exemplo de aplicação em software do tipo BIM [ Analysis of Virtual Elements Constructed by Means of Programming: The Example of BIM-Application Software]
source SIGraDi 2009 - Proceedings of the 13th Congress of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics, Sao Paulo, Brazil, November 16-18, 2009
summary Daylighting is an important part of designing sustainably. Daylighting is the use of natural light for primary interior illumination. This reduces our need for artificial light within the space, thus reducing internal heat gain and energy use. Direct sunlight, once it enters the building, is not only light but heat, and that additional heat will need to be taken into account in your energy analysis." While Autodesk Revit Architecture 2010 (ARA) itself cannot perform the actual analysis, there are some ways to do that. This papper focuses on the study of parametric modeling using a BIM tool for daylighting analysis. This paper presents the first part of the building method of LUME, a plug-in maked whit C# programming language in Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 and ARA Software Developer Kit (SDK) package. The script accepts as its input a standard three dimensional model of building opening and his position on space.
keywords Script language; BIM; Revit Architecture; Energy analysis; Daylighting; Parametric design process
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 10:01

_id ecaade2009_028
id ecaade2009_028
authors Turan, Bülent Onur; Soygeni_, Murat
year 2009
title The Impact of the Digital Design Process on a Traditional Design Studio: Comparative Analysis on the Impact of the Digital Design Process on a Traditional Design Studio
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2009.773
source Computation: The New Realm of Architectural Design [27th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-8-9] Istanbul (Turkey) 16-19 September 2009, pp. 773-780
summary To apprehend and apply the design concepts is directly related to the content of the education, the participation of the students in the design process and the design media facilities. The computer as a different design media affects the design process and also the design product. Accordingly, as a considerable fact, some of the courses in the architectural education program are based on the digital medium. However, enhancing the integration between the design courses, implemented in the studios, as a main part of the architectural design education and the digital media courses is contemplated as an actual requirement. In this context, regarding to the complement enclosure of this research, considering the affection of the transformations of the design pragmatics to the design educations, the traditional and the digital design methodologies are comparative underscored, and also the contributions of the digital design methodology to the traditional way of artificial manufacturing are analyzed during the development process of the design. For this purpose, the design theories, the digital design methodologies and accordingly the investigation properties about the construction of the theoretical conceptualization of the digital methodology, the approaches about the education and the design methodologies are literally overviewed. This comparative analysis had constituted the main comprehension of this inquisition.
wos WOS:000334282200094
keywords Digital design, digital model, form, architectural education, design media, interaction
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:58

_id ecaade2009_088
id ecaade2009_088
authors Yazar, Tugrul; Pakdil, Oya
year 2009
title Role of Studio Exercises in Digital Design Education: Case Study of the Nine-Square Grid
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2009.145
source Computation: The New Realm of Architectural Design [27th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-8-9] Istanbul (Turkey) 16-19 September 2009, pp. 145-152
summary This paper is about short term and contextually limited kit-of-parts exercises in architectural education. Studio exercises are one of the key educational tools in architecture, which should be reconsidered with the developing technologies. As design computing becomes the mainstream thinking in architecture, the need for not only renewed studio exercises but for new educational frameworks becomes an essential issue. Thus, in this paper we will be proposing a different perspective on digital studio education, by explaining the fundamentals of studio exercises and their digital transformation potentials. Our experience with one of the most common kit-of-parts exercises, the nine-square grid, as a computational design problem for the first year students will be presented here as a part of this on going study.
wos WOS:000334282200017
keywords Digital design education, learning models, studio exercises, the nine-square grid
series eCAADe
type normal paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:57

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