CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

PDF papers
References

Hits 1 to 20 of 589

_id ecaade2010_224
id ecaade2010_224
authors Trento, Armando; Fioravanti, Antonio; Loffreda, Gianluigi
year 2010
title Ontologies for Cities of the Future: The quest of formalizing interaction rules of urban phenomena
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2010.797
source FUTURE CITIES [28th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-9-6] ETH Zurich (Switzerland) 15-18 September 2010, pp.797-804
summary “A city can not be designed” Watanabe [1]: our ambition can be at the maximum to guide someway and in some part its growth. So as planners need tools to aid an open design with uncertain goals. This research group beginto develop such a tool at high level of abstraction (Fioravanti 2008), with theaim of investigating the potentiality of a collaboration among complementary research domains. The present work reports about early implementation results of an innovative approach developed by the authors, for representation of design knowledge. It has been identified in the Urban Design Ontology (Montenegro and Duarte 2009) some design entities and their internal relationships that have been formalized and visualized by means of an intuitive interface. As a matter of fact, this approach, by means of inference engines allows coherence’s check and constraint verification, pointing out incompatibility between initial design program and each partial specialist design solution and/or the overall shared one.
wos WOS:000340629400085
keywords Knowledge formalization; Urban design ontology; Knowledge structure; Collaborative design; Open design
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:57

_id ijac20097101
id ijac20097101
authors Boulaassal, H.; Landes, T.; Grussenmeyer, P.
year 2009
title Automatic Extraction of Planar Clusters and their Contours on Building Facades Recorded by Terrestrial Laser Scanner
source International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 7 - no. 1, 1-20
summary Since 3D city models need to be realistic not only from a bird's point of view, but also from a pedestrian's point of view, the interest in the generation of 3D façade models is increasing. This paper presents two successive algorithms for automatically segmenting building façades scanned by Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) into planar clusters and extracting their contours. Since majority of façade components are planes, the topic of automatic extraction of planar features has been studied. The RANSAC algorithm has been chosen among numerous methods. It is a robust estimator frequently used to compute model parameters from a dataset containing outliers, as it occurs in TLS data. Nevertheless, the RANSAC algorithm has been improved in order to extract the most significant planar clusters describing the main features composing the building façades. Subsequently, a second algorithm has been developed for extracting the contours of these features. The innovative idea presented in this paper is the efficient way to detect the points composing the contours. In order to evaluate the performances of both algorithms, they have successively been applied on samples with different characteristics, i.e. densities, types of façades and size of architectural details. Finally, a quality evaluation based on the comparison of planar clusters and contours obtained manually has been carried out. The results prove that the proposed algorithms deliver qualitative as well as quantitative satisfactory results and confirm that both algorithms are reliable for the forthcoming 3D modelling of building façades.
series journal
last changed 2009/06/23 08:07

_id ecaade2022_367
id ecaade2022_367
authors Doumpioti, Christina and Huang, Jeffrey
year 2022
title Field Condition - Environmental sensibility of spatial configurations with the use of machine intelligence
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2022.2.067
source Pak, B, Wurzer, G and Stouffs, R (eds.), Co-creating the Future: Inclusion in and through Design - Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2022) - Volume 2, Ghent, 13-16 September 2022, pp. 67–74
summary Within computational environmental design (CED), different Machine Learning (ML) models are gaining ground. They aim for time efficiency by automating simulation and speeding up environmental performance feedback. This study suggests an approach that enhances not the optimization but the generative aspect of environmentally driven ML processes in architectural design. We follow Stan Allen's (2009) idea of 'field conditions' as a bottom-up phenomenon according to which form and space emerge from local invisible and dynamic connections. By employing parametric modeling, environmental analysis data, and conditional Generative Adversarial Networks [cGAN] we introduce a generative approach in design that reverses the typical design process of going from formal interpretation to analysis and encourages the emergence of spatial configurations with embedded environmental intelligence. We call it Intensive-driven Environmental Design Computation [IEDC], and we employ it in a case study on a residential building typology encountered in the Mediterranean. The paper describes the process, emphasizing dataset preparation as the stage where the logic of field conditions is established. The proposed research differentiates from cGAN models that offer automatic environmental performance predictions to one that spatial predictions stem from dynamic fields.
keywords Field Architecture, Environmental Design, Generative Design, Machine Learning, Residential Typologies
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2024/04/22 07:10

_id ecaade2009_146
id ecaade2009_146
authors Liapi, Katherine; Kim, Jinman
year 2009
title Tensegrity Structures of Helical Shape: A Parametric Approach
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2009.053
source Computation: The New Realm of Architectural Design [27th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-8-9] Istanbul (Turkey) 16-19 September 2009, pp. 53-58
summary Tensegrity grids composed of tensegrity units that form double layer cable nets of single or double curvature can find applications in architecture as surface structures. In this paper a parametric process for the geometric configuration and representation of double layer tensegrity structures of helical shape is discussed. Departing from the geometric construction process, an algorithm that facilitates the parametric description of helical tensegrity structures has been developed. The algorithm reflects the interdependence of all parameters involved in the design of helical tensegrity structures and has been integrated into a software application that enables the automatic generation of virtual models of helical configurations in a graphic environment.
wos WOS:000334282200005
keywords Modular tensegrity structures, helical surface structures, double layer tensegrity grids
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:59

_id caadria2009_172
id caadria2009_172
authors Schimek, Heimo; Milena Stavric, Albert Wiltsche and Otto Roeschel
year 2009
title Parametrics of Movable Polyhedral Models in Performative Architecture
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2009.185
source Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / Yunlin (Taiwan) 22-25 April 2009, pp. 185-194
summary We present a parametrical approach to movable polyhedral models. Based on polyhedral geometry the whole structure consisting of an interconnected series of prisms (with dual spherical joints) can move 3-dimensionally. The principles of polyhedral geometry allow constraint movements of the prisms with a certain degree of freedom. We use these geometrical principles to open and close façades for ventilation or structures for shading control superimposed on building envelopes. The different groups of regular polyhedra in the Euclidean 3-space and their specific topological types will be discussed in order to choose the appropriate model and showe geometrical theory of movable polyhedral models can be successfully applied to performative architecture.
keywords Moveable polyhedral models: kinematic architecture; parametric design; geometry of joints; performative architecture
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:57

_id ecaade2009_177
id ecaade2009_177
authors Göttig, Roland; Braunes, Jörg
year 2009
title Building Survey in Combination with Building Information Modelling for the Architectural Planning Process
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2009.069
source Computation: The New Realm of Architectural Design [27th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-8-9] Istanbul (Turkey) 16-19 September 2009, pp. 69-74
summary The architectural planning process is influenced by social, cultural and technical aspects (Alexander, 1977). When focussing on computer based planning for retrofitting or modification of buildings it becomes clear that many different data formats are used depending on a great variety of planning methods. Moreover, if building information models are utilized they still lack some essential criteria. It is rarely possible to attach individual data from survey systems. This paper will show both a way to add data from building survey systems as an example for special data attachment on IFC files and how to utilize content management systems for IFC files, deviated plans, lists of building components, and other data necessary in a planning process.
wos WOS:000334282200007
keywords Planning process, building information modeling, IFC, building survey systems, content management systems
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id ecaade2009_161
id ecaade2009_161
authors Carrara, Gianfranco; Fioravanti, Antonio; Loffreda, Gianluigi; Trento, Armando
year 2009
title An Ontology-based Knowledge Representation Model for Cross-Disciplinary Building Design: A General Template
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2009.367
source Computation: The New Realm of Architectural Design [27th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-8-9] Istanbul (Turkey) 16-19 September 2009, pp. 367-374
summary Process/product complexity is at present an unavoidable component of present building design approach that affects building product’s quality. To overcome this problem, effective collaboration is required among all the actors involved in the design process. Data and information exchange is not sufficient to guarantee mutual understanding; to support effective collaboration among actors; it is required a proper knowledge formalization and management. This paper reports on an innovative structure for knowledge modeling in cross-disciplinary building design, that has been formalized in a general template. The proposed Knowledge Model has been, at present, implemented by means of available ontology editors and is going to be used into teaching courses to check its efficiency in collaborative building design classes.
wos WOS:000334282200044
keywords Building design, collaboration, knowledge modeling, knowledge management
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:55

_id sigradi2009_715
id sigradi2009_715
authors Fernández Colombo, Mónica Inés; Ricardo Gustavo Piegari; Liliana Bonvecchi
year 2009
title Mutación de la arquitectura de lo analógico a lo digital [Mutation of Architecture, from Analogical to Digital]
source SIGraDi 2009 - Proceedings of the 13th Congress of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics, Sao Paulo, Brazil, November 16-18, 2009
summary The combined experience of GIDCAD (Group of Research and Teaching in Applied Computer Design), and LabPra (Laboratory of Architectural Project), pretends to analyze the newest points of view concerning architecture and to mull around the evolution from the traditional to the digital project, incorporating theory to help decode the mutation of Architecture. The goal is to evaluate the changes caused by architecture’s design and communication from the incorporation of digital technologies, and to check its progress and behavior in the Virtual Community to the service of the discipline’s teaching.
keywords Mutación; Concepción; Comunicación Virtual; Enseñanza
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:51

_id ascaad2010_075
id ascaad2010_075
authors Schubert, Gerhard; Kaufmann Stefan and Petzold Frank
year 2010
title Project Wave 0.18
source CAAD - Cities - Sustainability [5th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2010 / ISBN 978-1-907349-02-7], Fez (Morocco), 19-21 October 2010, pp. 75-88
summary In recent years a number of projects have been emerged, in which the new possibilities of the computer as a design tool, have been used. Through the digital chain from design to manufacturing the efficiency has increased and allows the implementation of complex architectural structures. With all these new opportunities, also new challenges arise in the teaching and the educational concepts. The paper describes the detailed course concept and the didactic strategy using the example of a parametric designed roof structure, we designed, planed and build up in scale 1:1 within the main course. „Wendepunkt|e im Bauen“ (Turning point|s of building) is the name of an exhibition at the “Pinakothek der Moderne” in Spring 2010. In addition to contributions of the industrialization in the building industry from 1850 to the present day, the exhibition also serves as a platform, to demonstrate new possibilities of computer-aided parametric design and the closely related computer aided manufacturing (CAM). In this context, we took the chance to build a sculpture in Scale 1:1 to show the potential of a constant digital workflow and the digital fabrication. Through the digital chain from design to manufacturing, the efficiency has been increased by the computer and allows the implementation of new complex architectural structures. But the efficiency of the high-degree-automation through the use of computerized machines usually ends in the production of the components. Because this coincidence of the elements in the assembly often proves cost and time, the aim of the project was to optimize both, the production of components and their assembly as well. As part of the wintercourse 2009/2010 different aspects of automation have been reviewed and new solutions have been analyzed. Together with 15 students of the Faculty of Architecture the complete digital chain started with the first design ideas, about parametric programming through production and assembly had been researched, implemented and brought to reality. In the first steps, the students had to learn about the potential, but also about the problems coming with the digital-design and the attached digital-production. There for the course took part at our computerlab. In weekly workshops, all ideas have been implemented and tested directly in the 3-dimensional parametric model. And thanks to the interdisciplinary work with the Department of Structural Design also static factors had been considered, to optimize the form. Parallel to the digital form-finding process, the first prototypes have been produced by the students. By using the chairs 3D-CNC-Mills we were able to check the programmed connection detail in reality and apply the so learned lessons to the further development. After nearly 3 month of research, designing, planning and programming, we were able to produce the over 1000 different parts in only 4 days. By developing a special pre-stressed structure and connection detail it was also possible, to assemble the whole structure (13.5m x 4.5m x 4m) in only one day. The close connection between digital design (CAD) and digital manufacturing (CAM) is an important point of our doctrine. By the fact, that the students operate the machines themselves, but also implement projects on a scale of 1:1, they learn to independently evaluate these new tools and to use them in a meaningful way.
series ASCAAD
email
last changed 2011/03/01 07:36

_id cf2009_458
id cf2009_458
authors Dillenburger, Benjamin; Braach, Markus and Hovestadt, Ludger
year 2009
title Building design as individual compromise between qualities and costs: A general approach for automated building generation under permanent cost and quality control
source T. Tidafi and T. Dorta (eds) Joining Languages, Cultures and Visions: CAADFutures 2009, PUM, 2009, pp. 458-471
summary We introduce an evolutionary design approach for the automatic arrangement of a predefined space program on a given site. The design goal is to distribute floor spaces while ensuring the essential building performance and usage. The presented evolutionary strategy is applied to acquire optimal design solutions considering both environmental conditions and inner organization under diversified fitness functions. The evaluation process consists of the direct analysis of the spatial network and the physical factors in an adequate accuracy. The method provides a fast generation of qualified volumetric studies. The resulting buildings become a manifested compromise between qualities and cost.
keywords Evolutionary strategy, multi-fitness criteria, dual graph representation, network analysis, building envelope
series CAAD Futures
email
last changed 2009/06/08 20:53

_id ecaade2009_180
id ecaade2009_180
authors Halatsch, Jan; Mamoli, Myrsini; Economou, Athanassios; Schmitt, Gerhard
year 2009
title The Hellenistic City Model Inspired by Koolhaas: A Test Case for a Generic City Model
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2009.279
source Computation: The New Realm of Architectural Design [27th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-8-9] Istanbul (Turkey) 16-19 September 2009, pp. 279-286
summary In this paper, we suggest a generic city description model suited for purposes like semi-automatic city modeling and urban layout evaluation. The generic city model refers to basic vital functions of a (computable) city. Feature patterns are used to extend the generic city model with global and local characteristics. The Hellenistic cities serve as a platform for a first implementation to test a semi-automatic city model generation. As a result four cities are reconstructed as a first example of our ongoing work, Miletus, Knidos, Priene and Olynthus. Future work will deal with the application of the generic city model to the performance simulation of contemporary urban layouts.
wos WOS:000334282200034
keywords City modeling, semi-automatic, design grammars, urban planning, archeological reconstruction, generic city
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:49

_id cf2009_245
id cf2009_245
authors Ireland, Tim
year 2009
title Emergent space diagrams: The application of swarm intelligence to the problem of automatic plan generation
source T. Tidafi and T. Dorta (eds) Joining Languages, Cultures and Visions: CAADFutures 2009, PUM, 2009, pp. 245-258
summary This work investigates how diagrams of architectural space might self-organize relative to specific associational parameters to generate diagrams of spatial organization. The premise is that buildings are systems of spatial relations defined by the dynamic interactions of various autonomous spatially discrete entities. Looking to swarm intelligence, the focus here is on the problem of circulation and explicit spatial arrangement. The paper reports an investigation of emergent route formation and spatial connectivity based on simple agent and pheromone interaction. An array of ant colonies defines the system. A colony’s nest represents a specific space. Space-agents transmit information throughout the space-colony population, defining an emergent communication network.
keywords Agents, pheromones, ant colonies, spatial configuration, emergence
series CAAD Futures
email
last changed 2009/06/08 20:53

_id ascaad2009_thorsten_loemker
id ascaad2009_thorsten_loemker
authors Loemker, Thoreten M. and Albrecht Degering
year 2009
title How much is it? About the use of the element method in conjunction with optimization techniques
source Digitizing Architecture: Formalization and Content [4th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2009) / ISBN 978-99901-06-77-0], Manama (Kingdom of Bahrain), 11-12 May 2009, pp. 5-15
summary It is obvious that the preparation and compliance with cost estimates for a proposed architectural design is indispensable for successful realization of building projects. A variety of methods exists that can be used by the architect to achieve this objective. However, most of these methods are regularly not used until the design is completed. In many cases this procedure leads to cost overruns. Hence, our paradigm is to estimate the total building costs prior to the generation of detailed designs and thus use the costs of building elements as design parameters right from the beginning to produce design solutions which entail the least possible costs. For this purpose we invert the customary process through the use of building element costs as a means for the automatic generation of monetarily assessable design solutions. For various reasons we concentrate on the design of housing projects. The methodology however, can be adopted to any other kind of building typology.
series ASCAAD
email
last changed 2009/06/30 08:12

_id caadria2009_043
id caadria2009_043
authors Yue, Kui; Ramesh Krishnamurti
year 2009
title Automatic Extraction of Building Features From Image Data: How Far Are We?
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2009.727
source Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / Yunlin (Taiwan) 22-25 April 2009, pp. 727-736
summary This paper examines how far we are towards automatic extraction of building features, by comparing two pipelines from image data to building features: an ideal pipeline, based on the requirements of an on-going project, and a realistic pipeline, based on current computer vision technologies.
keywords Automatic extraction: building features; image data
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:57

_id cf2009_231
id cf2009_231
authors Attar, Ramtin; Aish, Robert; Stam, Jos; Brinsmead, Duncan; Tessier, Alex; Glueck, Michael and Khan, Azam
year 2009
title Physics-based generative design
source T. Tidafi and T. Dorta (eds) Joining Languages, Cultures and Visions: CAADFutures 2009, PUM, 2009, pp. 231-244
summary We present a physics-based generative design approach to interactive form-finding. While form as a product of dynamic simulation has been explored previously, individual projects have been developed as singleton solutions. By identifying categories of computational characteristics, we present a novel unified model that generalizes existing simulations through a constraint-based approach. The potential of interactive form finding simulation is explored through exemplary studies: a conceptual approach to a fixed form that acts as a visualization of interacting forces, and a constraint-based model of the fabrication logic for a panelization system are examined. Implications of constraint-based simulation on future directions are discussed.
keywords Form finding, dynamic simulation, physics-based design, panelization
series CAAD Futures
email
last changed 2009/06/08 20:53

_id ijac20097304
id ijac20097304
authors Datta, Sambit; Hanafin, Stuart; Pitts, Gregory
year 2009
title Experiments with stochastic processes: Facade subdivision based on wind motion
source International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 7 - no. 3, 389-402
summary Constraint based tools for architectural design exploration need to satisfy aesthetic and functional criteria as well as combine discrete and continuous modes of exploration. In this paper, we examine the possibilities for stochastic processes in design space exploration. Specifically, we address the application of a stochastic wind motion model to the subdivision of an external building envelope into smaller discrete components. Instead of deterministic subdivision constraints, we introduce explicit uncertainty into the system of subdivision. To address these aims, we develop a model of stochastic wind motion; create a subdivision scheme that is governed by the wind model and explore a design space of a façade subdivision problem. A discrete version of the façade, composed of light strips and panels, based on the bamboo elements deformed by continuous wind motion, is developed. The results of the experiments are presented in the paper.
series journal
last changed 2009/10/20 08:02

_id acadia09_245
id acadia09_245
authors Niemeijer, Remco; de Vries, Bauke; Beetz, Jakob
year 2009
title One Size Fits None: A User Interface for Constraint-Based Design
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2009.245
source ACADIA 09: reForm( ) - Building a Better Tomorrow [Proceedings of the 29th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-9842705-0-7] Chicago (Illinois) 22-25 October, 2009), pp. 245-247
summary Flexible mass customization of buildings is still in its infancy. Current systems for the automated support of ownerdriven configuration management are limited with regard to the degree of freedom they offer to end-users, due to the lack of an easy way to specify those freedoms. In this paper we present the prototype of an interface that allows architects to define constraints to which user-customized dwellings must conform.
series ACADIA
type Short paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:58

_id cf2009_poster_43
id cf2009_poster_43
authors Oh, Yeonjoo; Ellen Yi-Luen Do, Mark D Gross, and Suguru Ishizaki
year 2009
title Delivery Types And Communication Modalities In The Flat-Pack Furniture Design Critic
source T. Tidafi and T. Dorta (eds) Joining Languages Cultures and Visions: CAADFutures 2009 CD-Rom
summary A computer-based design critiquing system analyzes a proposed solution and offers critiques (Robbins 1998). Critiques help designers identify problems as well as opportunities to improve their designs. Compared with human critics, today’s computer-based critiquing systems deliver feedback in quite restricted manner. Most systems provide only negative evaluations in text; whereas studio teachers critique by interpreting the student’s design, introducing new ideas, demonstrating and giving examples, and offering evaluations (Bailey 2004; Uluoglu 2000) using speech, writing, and drawing to communicate (Anthony 1991; Schön 1983). This article presents a computer-based critiquing system, Flat-pack Furniture Design Critic (FFDC). This system supports multiple delivery types and modalities, adapting the typical system architecture of constraint-based intelligent tutors (Mitrovic et al. 2007).
keywords Critiquing system, design critiquing
series CAAD Futures
type poster
email
last changed 2009/07/08 22:12

_id ascaad2009_mohamed_abdalla
id ascaad2009_mohamed_abdalla
authors Abdalla, Mohamed Saad Atia
year 2009
title 3D Model and Decision Support System for Fire Safety: A case study of Kingdom of Bahrain
source Digitizing Architecture: Formalization and Content [4th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2009) / ISBN 978-99901-06-77-0], Manama (Kingdom of Bahrain), 11-12 May 2009, pp. 419-430
summary Fire agencies on all levels try hard to save lives, properties, and natural resources. Accurate access to critical information is essential in this regard, many agencies around the world have embraced GIS as a tool that helps them balance needs, uses, and hazards to promote sustainability of the environment while identifying and limiting vulnerability. At Kingdom of Bahrain, Ministry of interior established the Geographic Security System (GSS) to enhance the emergency response. The 3D of the GSS Consisted of 3 main parts: (1) 3D for terrain model, (2) 3D model for entire targeted zones, and (3) 3D models for individual buildings. In this paper, the integration between GSS system and 3D model will be illustrated, and how this kind of integration could enhance decision support system (DSS) for fire safety at kingdom of Bahrain. On other hand, we will highlight the technical and legislation difficulties faced in this project. Also, the future steps to enhance DSS will be discussed.
series ASCAAD
email
last changed 2009/06/30 08:12

_id caadria2009_031
id caadria2009_031
authors Abdelhameed, Wael
year 2009
title Cognition Model in Conceptual Designing
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2009.771
source Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / Yunlin (Taiwan) 22-25 April 2009, pp. 771-780
summary Both design researchers and cognitive scientists have developed various process models to study human creative behaviour in design. The models developed are often based on observations of design processes and analysis of design protocols. This research paper reports the-stateof- the-art in the area of cognition models that present design activities in conceptual designing. The research paper investigates the approaches of these cognition models. A new approach of a cognition activity model in conceptual designing is proposed. The new approach used in the introduced model takes into the account factors and activities that are related to the external environment of design (design medium). The external environment has an important role in the cognition activities and the evaluation process in a way that can hardly be ignored or neglected. The presented model of cognition activities in conceptual designing highlights two main factors employed in all the iteration loops of the model, namely: media use and representation. Case studies of architecture students’ designs have been analyzed. The analysis of these case studies helped in forming the proposed model. Various results have been concluded and reported.
keywords Cognition model; conceptual designing; design process; design theory
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

For more results click below:

this is page 0show page 1show page 2show page 3show page 4show page 5... show page 29HOMELOGIN (you are user _anon_93263 from group guest) CUMINCAD Papers Powered by SciX Open Publishing Services 1.002