CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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Hits 1 to 20 of 590

_id ecaade2009_014
id ecaade2009_014
authors Haeusler, Matthias Hank
year 2009
title Media-Augmented Surfaces: Embedding Media Technology into Architectural Surface to Allow a Constant Shift between Static Architectural Surface and Dynamic Digital Display
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2009.483
source Computation: The New Realm of Architectural Design [27th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-8-9] Istanbul (Turkey) 16-19 September 2009, pp. 483-490
summary The way screens are attached to architecture at present limits architectural surfaces to carriers of signs. The research presented in this paper offers a possible solution that allows architectural surfaces to be both a space-defining element that has certain architectural material qualities and at the same time allows media technology to be embedded. These surfaces can alter their state from static material to dynamic image in an instance. The paper presents a prototype capable of fulfilling this requirement. It also positions the research within the architectural discussion by comparing it to works of others and confirming its research value by reference to work in a similar direction. Finally, the paper evaluates the research and concludes that it could offer a ‘fabric’ to be used as a sort of media clothing for architecture in the electronic age (Ito, 2001).
wos WOS:000334282200058
keywords Media facade technology, media-augmented spaces, architectural screen design, media architecture, digital displays
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:51

_id ecaade2009_006
id ecaade2009_006
authors Menges, Achim
year 2009
title Integral Computational Design for Composite Spacer Fabric Structures: Integral Processes of Form Generation and Fabrication for Sandwich Structured Composites with 3D Warp-Knitted Textile Core
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2009.289
source Computation: The New Realm of Architectural Design [27th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-8-9] Istanbul (Turkey) 16-19 September 2009, pp. 289-298
summary Spacer fabrics are three dimensionally warp-knitted textiles that can be draped over complex double curved surfaces with no need for cut patterns or additional seams. This paper explains the development of an integral computational approach to the design and fabrication of sandwich composite structures with a spacer fabric core. Contrary to the common hierarchy of architectural design processes that prioritizes the definition of form over the inherent characteristics of materialization, this approach aims at an integral computational design process capable of unfolding a design from the constraints of making. The way the material capacity of spacer fabrics combined with the constraints of sandwich composite manufacturing directly informs the computational design process will be explained along the development of two prototype structures.
wos WOS:000334282200035
keywords Integral computational design, computational morphogenesis, computer aided manufacturing, digital fabrication, computational design methodology, composite structure, material system, spacer fabric, 3D warp-knitted textile, sandwich lay-up
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:58

_id ascaad2009_tayeb_sahnoune
id ascaad2009_tayeb_sahnoune
authors Sahnoune, Tayeb and Brahim Nuibat
year 2009
title Digital Design Tools and Case Study Reasoning
source Digitizing Architecture: Formalization and Content [4th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2009) / ISBN 978-99901-06-77-0], Manama (Kingdom of Bahrain), 11-12 May 2009, pp. 451-463
summary This study investigates how the use of digital technology in general, and electronic information and automation, especially during the course of study and preparation of urban and architectural designs on the one hand, and analysis of the impact of these applications and uses of the media automation and information technology at various stages of Physical planning and architectural design of projects, on the other hand. The comparison between modern and traditional methods, to determine the positives and negatives of both sides on the economic (economy, effort, money and time) and technical, which includes (graphic representation: painting, measure, Quality, precision, colours, details and other ....). The answer to whether computer and digital development has invented, added, or nothing of substance to content of architecture and urban planning designs, or has enabled us to solve the urban and architectural problems related to social and cultural aspects. We have in this study, the city of _Boussa_da_ in the south of Algeria as an example, through which presentation and analysis of two types of field projects carried in our architectural office using; media techniques and various programs: (Architectural3.3/Accurender/Art-lantis...) mentioning That, the two projects have been completed and approved, and are now in the process of realisation. The first project represents a residential neighbourhood area of (82.65 ha), through the action plan and land uses called _Plan d_occupation des sols_ in Algeria, No.09, in order to create and prepare the new town for extension, establish administrative and commercial centre, and determine the nature of land use; (equipment, facilities and housing),for a population number estimated (12,264)inhabitants, and projected number of housing estimated at 2409 houses, with a density of 150 inhabitants / ha. The second project is to study the architecture of the 50 houses earmarked for social Tzhmia working group, formed 25 three-room apartment type with(67.00 m 2) and 25 four-room apartment type with(77.00m2). However, The study aims to identify the impact of automated information applications and information technology used at different stages of urban planning and architectural design of these projects under consideration by the comparison between the traditional design table, and electronic design table to determine the pros and cons of each one of these means on the one hand, and stages of concepts and design, On the other, before concluding to how to use the media automation and digital technology, trying to find a point of hugs between the means and tools of Planning and design, through the analysis of the historical path of each of these elements.
series ASCAAD
email
last changed 2009/06/30 08:12

_id sigradi2009_864
id sigradi2009_864
authors Arruda, Anna Karla Trajano de; Arivaldo Leão de Amorim
year 2009
title Preservação e Gestão de Sítios Históricos: a contribuição do Heritage Information System [Preservation and Management of Cultural Heritage: the contribuition Heritage Information System]
source SIGraDi 2009 - Proceedings of the 13th Congress of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics, Sao Paulo, Brazil, November 16-18, 2009
summary The present article aims to discuss the application of the digital technologies in the preservation and management of cultural heritage development. The GIS is used by the international agencies heritage like UNESCO. The GIS applications that are largely applied in built cultural heritage are internationally known as Heritage Information System – HIS. In HIS, the space configuration of the historical sites is represented by a map or for a DTM, with the quantitative and qualitative attributes, 3D geometric models and hypermedia products. Their visualization are enriched by techniques of virtual reality and published in the web.
keywords Preservação e Gestão; Patrimônio Cultural; Documentação Arquitetônica; Geographic Information System; Banco de dados; Heritage Information System
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id sigradi2009_959
id sigradi2009_959
authors da Silva, Olga Maria Almeida; Janice de Freitas Pires; Adriane Borda Almeida da Silva
year 2009
title Entre a fotografia e o modelo virtual tridimensional: decomposição do mobiliário para o reconhecimento de estilos ou tendências [Between the Photo and the Three-Dimensional Virtual Model: Breakdown of Furniture for the Recognition of Styles and Trends]
source SIGraDi 2009 - Proceedings of the 13th Congress of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics, Sao Paulo, Brazil, November 16-18, 2009
summary The current work reports a methodology of analysis applied to the furniture collection of a museum which gathers items manufactured in the nineteenth century. The eclectic feature given to this collection has demanded the construction of a reasoning that points towards the formal frameworks, coming from different styles that were established through history. To answer this requirement, techniques of formal decomposition are used from the resources of photography and tridimensional modeling, thus promoting the comprehension of the geometric shape from the identification of element generation and composition rules. The speeches constructed in such analytical processes rely on conceptual maps structures as a proposal for systematizing the information about the furniture.
keywords Geometric modeling; photography; furniture; taxonomy; systematization of information
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:50

_id caadria2009_207
id caadria2009_207
authors Fasoulaki, Eleftheria E.
year 2009
title Towards Integrated Design
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2009.013
source Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / Yunlin (Taiwan) 22-25 April 2009, pp. 13-22
summary This paper examines a different design approach called integrated. The term “integrated” has a dual utilization in this study. The first use refers to the integration of form and building performance. The second use refers to the integration of interrelated and diverse building performances involving multiple disciplines. The integrated design approach analyzes and evaluates several interrelated design systems involving different disciplines in the early design phase. The goal of the approach is the generation of design alternatives guided simultaneously by two basic objectives: the aspiration for form exploration and the satisfaction of the performances of interrelated systems.
keywords Generative Algorithms: Building Performances; Multiple Building Disciplines; Optimization and Simulation Techniques; Coupled Building Systems
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:55

_id caadria2009_152
id caadria2009_152
authors Henriques, Gonçalo Castro
year 2009
title Crafting New Artefacts
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2009.205
source Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / Yunlin (Taiwan) 22-25 April 2009, pp. 205-214
summary The craft of complex artefacts, questioning technological changes and reflecting social and cultural transformation used to be a common attitude in traditional artisans of the pre industrialized society. Traditional craftsman developed special knowledge and skills, implementing their own tools and techniques. After the industrial revolution, the main focus shifted to mass production, and the personalization of artefacts became labour intensive and more expensive. Simultaneously, with technical specialization and the fragmentation of knowledge, the designer’s, builder’s and manufacturer’s approach became more segregated. Currently, information technologies offer new opportunities to the craft of complex objects. The integration of digital process from conception to fabrication, can transform this situation, and as a result personalization is more affordable. Nevertheless, the introduction of these new techniques or tools is lacking a poetic synthesis for the use of technology, and the social and cultural implications that may result of this use. A competition for a public installation was an opportunity to use digital tools to conceive, manufacture and construct a complex structure with a small budget that would be impossible to attain using only traditional tools. At the same time, this project - genetic landscape- could be seen as a metaphor, alluding to the technological interference on the process of creating a new life, or a second nature.
keywords expanding traditional tools; digital craft; complex geometry built-case
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:49

_id cf2009_740
id cf2009_740
authors Kendir, Elif; Schork, Tim
year 2009
title Tools for conviviality : Transcribing design
source T. Tidafi and T. Dorta (eds) Joining Languages, Cultures and Visions: CAADFutures 2009, PUM, 2009, pp. 740- 753
summary This paper presents the outcomes and findings of a semester long trans-disciplinary design studio recently taught at RMIT University, involving students from the disciplines of architecture, industrial design and landscape design. The focus of the studio was to investigate the creation and appropriation of tools for innovative design processes. Drawing on craft theory and theories of design and computation, this paper illustrates how tools can transgress disciplinary boundaries and investigates how an understanding of the intricate relationship between tools, techniques, the media they operate in and the design outcome is the premise of a more informed design approach.
keywords Craft Theory, Design and Computation, Design studio pedagogy, Tooling
series CAAD Futures
email
last changed 2009/06/08 20:53

_id ascaad2009_khaled_nassar
id ascaad2009_khaled_nassar
authors Nassar, Khaled
year 2009
title Beyond Distance: New criteria for spatial configuration of design
source Digitizing Architecture: Formalization and Content [4th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2009) / ISBN 978-99901-06-77-0], Manama (Kingdom of Bahrain), 11-12 May 2009, pp. 17-28
summary Simple Euclidean distance has thus far been the dominating concept in analyzing architectural and urban spaces. This paper demonstrates that distances between spaces cannot be measured solely in terms of simple Euclidean Distance, but instead other kind of distances (e.g. City block, Chebyshev, Minkowski, Canberra distance or Angular separation) are shown to offer new meaningful insight into space and its denotation. Several issues are raised in light of these new measures such as how much are these measurement techniques influenced by what counts as "space"? In addition is there a difference between the physical distance and the human perception of distance? More importantly, how do these methods alter design or offer a new process of designing? Applications and analysis is applied to classical examples of architecture.
series ASCAAD
email
last changed 2009/06/30 08:12

_id sigradi2009_1008
id sigradi2009_1008
authors Silva, Isabel Cristina Siqueira da; Vinicius de Moraes Netto; Carla Maria Dal Sasso Freitas
year 2009
title Novos Caminhos para Simulação Urbana: Integrando Métodos de Visualização de Informações e Modelagem de Agentes e Redes Espaciais [Integrating Information Visualization methods in an agent-based approach to urban simulation]
source SIGraDi 2009 - Proceedings of the 13th Congress of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics, Sao Paulo, Brazil, November 16-18, 2009
summary This paper defines paths into the integration of urban simulation and new methods of Information Visualization (IV) first observing the current state of IV methods in general, and visualization in urban modelling and simulation in particular. Secondly, it proposes a set of issues where progress in forms of integrating IV methods into urban simulation techniques can be made – namely, through the concept of ontologies (rules of relations between categories of objects and information) – in stages like problem definition and analysis, information processing and the generation of user-friendly graphic outputs for simulated scenarios and analyses.
keywords Visualização de Informações; Urbanismo; Ontologias
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 10:00

_id sigradi2009_1195
id sigradi2009_1195
authors Stewart, Tonya; Kevin Sweet
year 2009
title Advanced Praxis: Synthesizing Digital and Craft in Design
source SIGraDi 2009 - Proceedings of the 13th Congress of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics, Sao Paulo, Brazil, November 16-18, 2009
summary Digital fabrication practices have allowed for a level of exactitude and precision unattainable by the designer’s hand. While the design community has benefited tremendously from developments in technology, certain qualities reflective of craft have been lost as a result of the overwhelming dependency on computer-based processes. In order to reinvigorate a sense of craft and personal expression into design, modalities of education must evolve to incorporate these characteristics with contemporary digital techniques. By combining craft, digital tools and collaborative efforts a new breed of designer will emerge – one that finds a personal voice in a globalized world. This paper outlines these issues as they were explored in an experimental design studio that focused on the integration of craft with digital fabrication methods that included both students of graphic design and architecture.
keywords digital fabrication; cross-disciplinary; design pedagogy
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 10:01

_id cf2009_700
id cf2009_700
authors Lee, Juhyun; Song, Jeong Hwa and Oh, Kunsoo
year 2009
title RFID applications in a building project
source T. Tidafi and T. Dorta (eds) Joining Languages, Cultures and Visions: CAADFutures 2009, PUM, 2009, pp. 700- 712
summary As a new paradigm for construction in the ubiquitous era, IT Technology like RFID is an emerging issue in the building industry. For the purpose of RFID technology application in the building industry, this research suggests the Information Lifecycle Management using RFID technology in apartment building project and deals with the context-aware scenario for RFID technology application. The final objective of the research intends to develop the RFID application for the construction industry. From the tagging nodes at the material manufacture stage to the reading nodes at the end stage of the construction process, the flow of the RFID information deals with the synthetic application connecting physical construction material with electronic RFID information for the management. Furthermore, we suggest how to systematize, distribute and manage the construction material with the Information Lifecycle Management.
keywords RFID, management, material, scenario, lifecycle
series CAAD Futures
email
last changed 2009/06/08 20:53

_id caadria2009_092
id caadria2009_092
authors Liu, Chun-Hung; Chang-Franw Lee
year 2009
title The Design of a Mobile Navigation System Based on QR Codes for Historic Buildings
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2009.103
source Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / Yunlin (Taiwan) 22-25 April 2009, pp. 103-112
summary Due to the rapid development of mobile and compact electronic devices such as PDAs and smart phones, designers and developers now have to consider user mobility and the dynamic context of use in the design of interactive systems. In this study, literatures associated with mobile navigation systems in museums and historic buildings are first reviewed in order to understand the features, advantages, and drawbacks of current mobile navigation technology. The feasibility of applying QR codes in the navigation of historic buildings is then discussed, and the mobile navigation principles mentioned in previous literatures are applied in our proposed system. A number of common problems are encountered in the navigation of local historic buildings or museums. Visitors (1) cannot understand what makes an exhibited item a work of art; (2) do not know where to start or how to get started; (3) feel rushed by guides during the guided tour; and (4) find that the audio guide is not clear enough. Managers of historic buildings or museums are generally concerned about (1) the high cost of constructing a mobile navigation environment; (2) possible damage to devices; and (3) the cost of device maintenance. This study attempts to solve the above issues by constructing an affordable digital navigation environment that enables users to clearly understand each exhibited item and its location.
keywords Mobile navigation; QR code; historic buildings
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:59

_id acadia09_66
id acadia09_66
authors Menges, Achim
year 2009
title Performative Wood: Integral Computational Design for Timber Constructions
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2009.066
source ACADIA 09: reForm( ) - Building a Better Tomorrow [Proceedings of the 29th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-9842705-0-7] Chicago (Illinois) 22-25 October, 2009), pp. 66-74
summary Wood differs from most building materials in that it is a naturally grown biological tissue. Thus wood displays significant differentiation in its material makeup and structure as compared to most industrially produced, isotropic materials. Upon closer examination wood can be described as an anisotropic natural fiber system with different material characteristics and related behavior in different directions relative to the main grain orientation. Because of its differentiated internal capillary structure wood is also hygroscopic. It absorbs and releases moisture in exchange with the environment and these fluctuations cause differential dimensional changes. In architectural history the inherent heterogeneity of wood and the related more complex material characteristics have been mainly understood as a major deficiency by the related crafts, timber industry, engineers and architects alike. This paper will present an alternative design approach and associated computational design tools that aim at understanding wood’s differentiated material make up as its major capacity rather than a deficiency. Along two design experiments the related research on an integral computational design approach towards unfolding wood’s intrinsic material characteristics and performative capacity will be discussed. The first experiment explores the anisotropic characteristics of wood by exploiting the differential bending behavior in relation to the local induction of forces through which a specific overall morphology can be achieved. The second experiment focuses on the hygroscopic property of wood as the base for developing a surface structure that responds to changes in relative humidity with no need for any additional electronic or mechanical control.
keywords Wood, materiality, prototype, performance, responsive design
series ACADIA
type Normal paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:58

_id acadia09_30
id acadia09_30
authors Aish, Robert
year 2009
title Tools of Expression: Notation and Interaction for Design Computation
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2009.030
source ACADIA 09: reForm( ) - Building a Better Tomorrow [Proceedings of the 29th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-9842705-0-7] Chicago (Illinois) 22-25 October, 2009), pp. 30-31
summary Design considers function, fabrication, and aesthetics collectively. Computation is beginning to affect the competitive dynamics of design. Using algorithms, designers are exploring forms that are essentially “undrawable,” even with advanced modeling and direct manipulation techniques. Determining the appropriate functional characteristics may require the application of increasingly complex structural- and environmental-performance analysis techniques. To realize physically a design may require further geometric analysis and rationalization, and the use of complex computer-controlled fabrication techniques.
keywords Design, Computation, Form Finding, Design logic
series ACADIA
type Keynote paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id sigradi2009_890
id sigradi2009_890
authors Almeida, Fábio de
year 2009
title Documentação e Comunicação Digital do Patrimônio Arquitetônico Moderno: Centro Técnico de Aeronáutica – CTA [Documentation and Communication Digital Architectural Heritage Classic: Aerospace Technical Center - CTA]
source SIGraDi 2009 - Proceedings of the 13th Congress of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics, Sao Paulo, Brazil, November 16-18, 2009
summary This paper intends to contribute for the analysis of the digital representation applied for documentation, communication and diffusion of architecture as cultural heritage, more specifically the production and communication of informations about buildings and sites of modern movement, arguing the possibilities and limits of this instrumental for the best understanding, recognition, evaluation and diffusion of the architecture on a historiographical perspective. As studies of cases, were selected buildings of an important technical center of aeronautic of Brazil, the CTA (Centro Técnico de Aeronáutica) in São José dos Campos, State of São Paulo.
keywords surveying and reconstruction; Digital Heritage; Modern Movement
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id sigradi2009_775
id sigradi2009_775
authors Alves, Andressa Schneider; José Luis Farinatti Aymone
year 2009
title Modelagem 3D e animação para o desenvolvimento de um modelo virtual interativo em realidade virtual (VRML) na área de moda [3D modeling and animation for the development of an interactive virtual model in virtual reality (VRML) in fashion ]
source SIGraDi 2009 - Proceedings of the 13th Congress of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics, Sao Paulo, Brazil, November 16-18, 2009
summary This article describes the development of a project that combines modeling and animation of three-dimensional objects (virtual model, clothing, environment) in the software 3D Studio Max with VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language). The project allows various interactions between the user and the environment developed. The main interaction is the choice of clothing, in which different parts can be proven in the virtual model. The results can be applied to online sales, marketing strategies and 3D virtual simulation.
keywords Modelagem tridimensional; Animação; Realidade Virtual; Moda; Fashion Design
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id sigradi2009_693
id sigradi2009_693
authors Alves, Gilfranco Medeiros
year 2009
title O desenho analógico e o desenho digital: a representação do projeto arquitetônico influenciado pelo uso do computador e as possíveis mudanças no proceso projetivo em arquitetura [Analogical design and digital design in architectural projects]
source SIGraDi 2009 - Proceedings of the 13th Congress of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics, Sao Paulo, Brazil, November 16-18, 2009
summary The use of specific computer softwares for architecture design have been analyzed and allowed researchers in this matter to consider a change in architectural creation method realizing new possibilities in the way they project. Based on our experience as architectural project teacher we can observe that more and more students project and present projects with their drawings produced by computer. This tools changing envolves other changings in the project manners as we can notice in some architects that dawn in contemporary scene. This study wants to understand this changings in the projecting practice of Architecture and Urbanism students, and architects.
keywords Design; Architectural Project; Digital Environment
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id caadria2009_018
id caadria2009_018
authors Ambrose, Michael; Benjamin G. Callam, Joseph Kunkel and Luc Wilson
year 2009
title How To Make A Digi-Brick
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2009.005
source Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / Yunlin (Taiwan) 22-25 April 2009, pp. 5-12
summary This project examines a non-traditional method of construction generated through a digital design process that leverages digital fabrication techniques related to masonry construction. Where as architects’ use of computers first affected shape and structure, it is now additionally affecting material, construction, and craft. This design proposal explores these concepts through the production of a wall using simple configuration and reconfiguration of a repeated module adaptable to differing and unique contexts and site conditions. The masonry module is designed and built through the exploration of a CAD-CAM process. The prototypes produced investigate the repetition of a single module unit, manipulated and interlocked resulting in a continuous surface that is more than just the sum of its individual parts. The material, construction and craft of each unit informs and challenges the entire project to question the making of the masonry module into a wall.
keywords Digital fabrication, design theory, digital design methods
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id ecaade2009_164
id ecaade2009_164
authors Arslan Selçuk, Semra; Gönenç Sorguç, Arzu
year 2009
title Exploring Complex Forms in Nature Through Mathematical Modeling: a Case on Turritella Terebra
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2009.665
source Computation: The New Realm of Architectural Design [27th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-8-9] Istanbul (Turkey) 16-19 September 2009, pp. 665-672
summary Changing paradigm of nature-architecture relationship has being directly affected from developing science and technologies as well as from the impact of biomimetic inventions in various man made designs. Our perception of forms and structures are also shifting through use of computational techniques. From this aspect, mathematical models can be considered as the first step to analyze the complex forms and structures in nature. In this paper it is aimed to initiate a platform in architecture which will serve for discussions to explore the potentials of these interactions under the impact of computational and information technologies, not only in terms of formal/visual way, but also extending to learn more about the formation process in nature.
wos WOS:000334282200080
keywords Shells, learning from nature, seashells, mathematical modeling
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

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