CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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Hits 1 to 20 of 93

_id caadria2009_069
id caadria2009_069
authors Chen, Yen-Ling; Pei-Chien Hung
year 2009
title Intuitive Augmented Reality Navigation System Design- Implementation By Next-Gene20 Project
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2009.351
source Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / Yunlin (Taiwan) 22-25 April 2009, pp. 351-360
summary The objective of this paper is to implement Augmented Reality framework in the navigation system of NEXT GENE 20 project. As a result, users can navigate and explore 3D virtual reality environment or scene in a more intuitive and interactive manner.
keywords Navigation system, Augmented Reality
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:55

_id acadia09_278
id acadia09_278
authors Fritz, Randolph; Hsiao, Chih-Pin; Johnson, Brian
year 2009
title Gizmo & WiiView: Tangible User Interfaces Enabling Architectural Presentations
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2009.278
source ACADIA 09: reForm( ) - Building a Better Tomorrow [Proceedings of the 29th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-9842705-0-7] Chicago (Illinois) 22-25 October, 2009), pp. 278-280
summary Widespread use by 3D designers of simple digital modeling applications such as Google’s SketchUp may displace the use of physical models in design. However, the difficulties often faced by non-experts in the ad hoc navigation of digital models during design reviews have not been eliminated. Keyboards and mice are clumsy navigational devices and difficult to share in a collaborative setting. This work explores the combination of new, inexpensive interface hardware technologies with a popular 3D modeler in order to create a viable surrogate for physical models. Two architectural model navigation and presentation interfaces were developed, one based on an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) circuit board (“Gizmo”), and one that used a Wii Remote Controller (“WiiView”). Both were interfaced with the popular architectural modeling program SketchUp. Anecdotal responses and preliminary user testing results are presented.
series ACADIA
type Short paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id ecaade2009_046
id ecaade2009_046
authors Varano, Sandro; Truchot, Tristan; Bignon, Jean-Claude
year 2009
title Ludic and Didactic Paths in a Cultural Heritage Building: Prototype of a Learning System
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2009.631
source Computation: The New Realm of Architectural Design [27th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-8-9] Istanbul (Turkey) 16-19 September 2009, pp. 631-638
summary This article proposes a conception method of ludic and didactic paths improving the acquisition of knowledge of archaeological and architectural heritage. In order to have an idea of a monument, the learner is guided and motivated following strategic paths during the 3D exploration and developing a memory map during the creation of knowledge. A prototype is realized and presented in order to see how this learning system guides the reasoning of the learner and can improve the acquisition of knowledge. We chose the Cheops Pyramid to Gizeh to illustrate our work.
wos WOS:000334282200076
keywords Learning system, archaeology and architecture, 3D navigation, strategic path, memory map
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:58

_id ascaad2009_mohamed_abdalla
id ascaad2009_mohamed_abdalla
authors Abdalla, Mohamed Saad Atia
year 2009
title 3D Model and Decision Support System for Fire Safety: A case study of Kingdom of Bahrain
source Digitizing Architecture: Formalization and Content [4th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2009) / ISBN 978-99901-06-77-0], Manama (Kingdom of Bahrain), 11-12 May 2009, pp. 419-430
summary Fire agencies on all levels try hard to save lives, properties, and natural resources. Accurate access to critical information is essential in this regard, many agencies around the world have embraced GIS as a tool that helps them balance needs, uses, and hazards to promote sustainability of the environment while identifying and limiting vulnerability. At Kingdom of Bahrain, Ministry of interior established the Geographic Security System (GSS) to enhance the emergency response. The 3D of the GSS Consisted of 3 main parts: (1) 3D for terrain model, (2) 3D model for entire targeted zones, and (3) 3D models for individual buildings. In this paper, the integration between GSS system and 3D model will be illustrated, and how this kind of integration could enhance decision support system (DSS) for fire safety at kingdom of Bahrain. On other hand, we will highlight the technical and legislation difficulties faced in this project. Also, the future steps to enhance DSS will be discussed.
series ASCAAD
email
last changed 2009/06/30 08:12

_id ee30
id ee30
authors Abdelmohsen, Sherif; El-Khouly, Tamer
year 2009
title Representing Reflective Practice in a Remote Design Collaboration Process
source Digital proceedings of the 3rd Conference of International Association of Societies of Design Research (IASDR 2009), COEX, Seoul, Korea, pp. 1317 – 1326.
summary This paper addresses a new method to describe the remote collaborative design process from the perspective of reflective practice. We aim at understanding the mutual effect between internal and external structures in remote collaborative design. According to the cognitive coding scheme of Suwa et al., we encoded the process into a set of indices—new, continual and revisited—that describe each primitive design move. In a case study which involved the authors as design collaborators, we identified the degree of dependency among these moves and developed a 3D graphical representation to account for reflective practice between us as collaborators. In this representation, we re-interpreted our collaborative process through three main axes: axis of idea exchange as lateral component, axis of idea development as vertical component, and axis of dependency as depth component. We believe this representation can be used to re-interpret the collaboration process among geographically dispersed design team members.
keywords Collaborative design, reflective practice, collective reflection-in-action, cognitive actions, design moves, dependency relationships, remote collaboration
series other
type normal paper
email
last changed 2010/01/30 07:26

_id sigradi2009_740
id sigradi2009_740
authors Aguirre León, Eduardo Alberto; Mauricio Ramirez Molina
year 2009
title New Interfaces, new scenarios. Vroom n.0 :Vroom n.0 : The emerging potential of collaborative 3D web platforms
source SIGraDi 2009 - Proceedings of the 13th Congress of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics, Sao Paulo, Brazil, November 16-18, 2009
summary What sort of interfaces will allow, in the future, to manage the evolution of information and knowledge generation? What new scenarios would emerge in contemporary architecture when the access to a multidimensional architectural database is open and it is written and visited by anyone, anywhere in earth? Internet evolution is fast and unpredictable, propelling deep changes at different levels of our society. Spinoffs, unexpected outcomes are result of those changes, unfolding uncertain, unstable scenarios. This paper discusses the question of what could be the way to organize the process of registering, documenting and online publishing, native digital, three-dimensional content of Architecture, assuming the critical issue of information integration.
keywords Interfaces; 3d database; 3d datamining; 3d taxonomy; online curatorship
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id ascaad2009_a_al_attili
id ascaad2009_a_al_attili
authors Al-Attili, A. and M. Androulaki
year 2009
title Architectural Abstraction and Representation: The embodied familiarity of digital space
source Digitizing Architecture: Formalization and Content [4th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2009) / ISBN 978-99901-06-77-0], Manama (Kingdom of Bahrain), 11-12 May 2009, pp. 305-321
summary This paper argues that familiarity is the tool that enables the understanding of space abstraction and representation. Familiarity in this context is independent from embodied interaction, and is crudely based on the connection between the various similar images of space; in this particular case, virtual space. Our investigation into the nature of human interaction with space, its abstraction and its representation is based on the critical contrast between the outcomes of interaction with two virtual versions of a physical reality; the first version is a non-linear interactive graphical abstraction of the space where no assertions or indicators are given as to whether or not there is a relationship between the abstraction and its physical reality, whereas the second is a none-linear interactive 3D virtual environment clearly representing the physical space in question. The paper utilises qualitative methods of investigation in order to gain an insight into human embodied experience in space, its abstraction and representation.
series ASCAAD
email
last changed 2009/06/30 08:12

_id ascaad2009_hafsa_al_omari
id ascaad2009_hafsa_al_omari
authors Al-Omari, Hafsa and Luma Al Dabbagh
year 2009
title Form in Islamic Architecture: A new vision by using 3D Studio Max program
source Digitizing Architecture: Formalization and Content [4th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2009) / ISBN 978-99901-06-77-0], Manama (Kingdom of Bahrain), 11-12 May 2009, pp. 433-450
summary Architecture is a record of human civilization, values, principles and concepts. Form (elements and relations) is one of the visual features of identity and self on one hand and expressive features of place and time (scientific and technical development ) on the other hand. Creating new forms from historical forms is considered one of the greatest challenges that face the architect. Research problem centered on the importance of form in Islamic architecture, and the possibility of investment a new scientific method ( 3D Studio Max program) in creating contemporary architecture using historical and traditional Islamic forms. Research divides to three sections. The first is a theoretical framework that determines the importance and the generation and the potentiality of form in Islamic architecture. The second studies the traditional methods that has been used to create a contemporary Arab-Islamic architecture using historical references, then introduce 3D Studio Max program as alternative new scientific method to traditional methods contribute to create a new vision of contemporary Arab Islamic architecture. The conclusions identify the importance of form in the Islamic civilization and showed that the generation of form affected by its potentiality. Research opens new methods that have not been studied previously in creating contemporary Islamic architecture by using the modifier stack in 3D Studio Max program.
series ASCAAD
email
last changed 2009/06/30 08:12

_id ascaad2009_hussein_albotany
id ascaad2009_hussein_albotany
authors Albotany, Hussein S.
year 2009
title Development of Digital City Models Using 3d GIS
source Digitizing Architecture: Formalization and Content [4th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2009) / ISBN 978-99901-06-77-0], Manama (Kingdom of Bahrain), 11-12 May 2009, pp. 409-418
summary “Digital city” is a copy of an actual city in the virtual space. It is expected to play an important role in urban planning, disaster simulation etc. Recent advanced remote sensing technologies, which are capable to quickly provide detailed information of city areas, ease the construction of 3D city models. Urbanization has evinced interest from a wide section of the society including experts, amateurs and novices. With the development and infrastructure initiatives mostly around the urban centers, the impacts of urbanization and sprawl would be on the environment and the natural resources. The research introduces an application of 3D GIS on Manama City.
series ASCAAD
email
last changed 2009/06/30 08:12

_id sigradi2009_775
id sigradi2009_775
authors Alves, Andressa Schneider; José Luis Farinatti Aymone
year 2009
title Modelagem 3D e animação para o desenvolvimento de um modelo virtual interativo em realidade virtual (VRML) na área de moda [3D modeling and animation for the development of an interactive virtual model in virtual reality (VRML) in fashion ]
source SIGraDi 2009 - Proceedings of the 13th Congress of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics, Sao Paulo, Brazil, November 16-18, 2009
summary This article describes the development of a project that combines modeling and animation of three-dimensional objects (virtual model, clothing, environment) in the software 3D Studio Max with VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language). The project allows various interactions between the user and the environment developed. The main interaction is the choice of clothing, in which different parts can be proven in the virtual model. The results can be applied to online sales, marketing strategies and 3D virtual simulation.
keywords Modelagem tridimensional; Animação; Realidade Virtual; Moda; Fashion Design
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id sigradi2009_984
id sigradi2009_984
authors Araujo, Nieri Soares de
year 2009
title A materialização do modelo digital no processo de ensino [The materialization of the digital model in the education process]
source SIGraDi 2009 - Proceedings of the 13th Congress of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics, Sao Paulo, Brazil, November 16-18, 2009
summary The research presents the importance of the experimentations within education of architecture project. Since the studies for traditional and emergent ways with use them digital tools, it values the project inquiries in the simulations of the models in 3D. For many times, the digital model for being tangible cannot present a difficulty in the understanding of constructive details. As in the digital tools, more specifically BIM (Building Information Modeling) possess integrated standards complex. The necessity of the materialization becomes inevitable use of the Rapid Prototype (RP) that it is a technology that allows the materialization of the complex digital models facilitating to the tactile and percipient use for better understanding and taking of decision.
keywords Education Process; Physical and Digital Model; Rapid Prototype
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id sigradi2009_864
id sigradi2009_864
authors Arruda, Anna Karla Trajano de; Arivaldo Leão de Amorim
year 2009
title Preservação e Gestão de Sítios Históricos: a contribuição do Heritage Information System [Preservation and Management of Cultural Heritage: the contribuition Heritage Information System]
source SIGraDi 2009 - Proceedings of the 13th Congress of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics, Sao Paulo, Brazil, November 16-18, 2009
summary The present article aims to discuss the application of the digital technologies in the preservation and management of cultural heritage development. The GIS is used by the international agencies heritage like UNESCO. The GIS applications that are largely applied in built cultural heritage are internationally known as Heritage Information System – HIS. In HIS, the space configuration of the historical sites is represented by a map or for a DTM, with the quantitative and qualitative attributes, 3D geometric models and hypermedia products. Their visualization are enriched by techniques of virtual reality and published in the web.
keywords Preservação e Gestão; Patrimônio Cultural; Documentação Arquitetônica; Geographic Information System; Banco de dados; Heritage Information System
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id cf2009_poster_07
id cf2009_poster_07
authors Ashraf, Mohamed-Ahmed and Pierre Côté
year 2009
title The Impact of Three Cognitive Functions on Digital Media Aided Architectural Ideation: A Proposed Investigation
source T. Tidafi and T. Dorta (eds) Joining Languages Cultures and Visions: CAADFutures 2009 CD-Rom
summary From a cognitivist perspective the architectural design seen as an iterative process of search for an “acceptable” solution from initial design assumptions (Simon 1974) requires representation. These representation which may be internal (mental/cognitive activities) and external (sketches 3D models) are essential to any creative act and in all phases of the design process since they constitute a projection of the architect’s thought and know-how.
keywords Cognitive function, ideation
series CAAD Futures
type poster
email
last changed 2009/07/08 22:12

_id cf2009_119
id cf2009_119
authors Boeykens, Stefan; Neuckermans, Herman
year 2009
title Architectural design analysis, historical reconstruction and structured archival using 3D models: Techniques, methodology and long term preservation of digital models
source T. Tidafi and T. Dorta (eds) Joining Languages, Cultures and Visions: CAADFutures 2009, PUM, 2009, pp. 119-132
summary With the increased usage of 3D modeling, visualization, simulation and Building Information Modeling, architects produce 3D models, both for new designs and for historic reconstructions. However, these models are seldom shared to transfer structured information about the project. Even if they are exchanged, they are often not usable outside of their original design application. Additionally, digital archives with architectural content can not easily provide structured information about these 3D models, limiting their usefulness. This article discusses an approach to provide better structured models, using a combination of a sound methodology, the application of open file formats and additional metadata creation.
keywords CAAD, design analysis, reconstruction, archival, preservation
series CAAD Futures
email
last changed 2009/06/08 20:53

_id ecaade2011_136
id ecaade2011_136
authors Bohnenberger, Sascha; de Rycke, Klaas; Weilandt, Agnes
year 2011
title Lattice Spaces: Form optimisation throgh customization of non developable 3d wood surfaces
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2011.751
source RESPECTING FRAGILE PLACES [29th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-9-4912070-1-3], University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Architecture (Slovenia) 21-24 September 2011, pp.751-758
summary This paper discusses a collaborative project by RDAI architects, Bollinger+Grohmann and the timber construction company Holzbau Amann. The project is located in a former swimming pool in Paris and it is part of the new interior of a flagship store of the French fashion label Hermes. In late 2009, Rena Duma Architects, asked Bollinger+Grohmann to collaborate as structural engineers on a challenging design proposal within a very short timeframe. Three wooden lattice structures, the so-called “bulle” and one monumental staircase with a similar design approach characterize the interior of the new flagship store. The lattice structures are dividing the basement into different retail spaces. They vary in height (8-9 m) and diameter (8-12 m) and have a free-form shaped wicker basket appearance. Wood was the chosen material for these structures to strengthen the idea of the wickerbaskets and to create an interior space with a sustainable and innovative material.
wos WOS:000335665500087
keywords Digital production; parametric design; mass customization; wood; digital crafting
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/05/01 23:21

_id cf2011_p157
id cf2011_p157
authors Boton, Conrad; Kubicki Sylvain, Halin Gilles
year 2011
title Understanding Pre-Construction Simulation Activities to Adapt Visualization in 4D CAD Collaborative Tools
source Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 477-492.
summary Increasing productivity and efficiency is an important issue in the AEC field. This area is mainly characterized by fragmentation, heterogeneous teams with low lifetimes and many uncertainties. 4D CAD is one of the greatest innovations in recent years. It consists in linking a 3D model of the building with the works planning in order to simulate the construction evolution over time. 4D CAD can fill several needs from design to project management through constructivity analysis and tasks planning (Tommelein 2003). The literature shows that several applications have been proposed to improve the 4D CAD use (Chau et al. 2004; Lu et al. 2007; Seok & al. 2009). In addition, studies have shown the real impact of 4D CAD use in construction projects (Staub-French & Khanzode 2007; Dawood & Sika 2007). More recently, Mahalingam et al. (2010) showed that the collaborative use of 4D CAD is particularly useful during the pre-construction phase for comparing the constructability of working methods, for visually identifying conflicts and clashes (overlaps), and as visual tool for practitioners to discuss and to plan project progress. So the advantage of the 4D CAD collaborative use is demonstrated. Moreover, several studies have been conducted both in the scientific community and in the industrial world to improve it (Zhou et al. 2009; Kang et al. 2007). But an important need that remains in collaborative 4D CAD use in construction projects is about the adaptation of visualization to the users business needs. Indeed, construction projects have very specific characteristics (fragmentation, variable team, different roles from one project to another). Moreover, in the AEC field several visualization techniques can represent the same concept and actors choose one or another of these techniques according to their specific needs related to the task they have to perform. For example, the tasks planning may be represented by a Gantt chart or by a PERT network and the building elements can be depicted with a 3D model or a 2D plan. The classical view (3D + Gantt) proposed to all practitioners in the available 4D tools seems therefore not suiting the needs of all. So, our research is based on the hypothesis that adapting the visualization to individual business needs could significantly improve the collaboration. This work relies on previous ones and aim to develop a method 1) to choose the best suited views for performed tasks and 2) to compose adapted multiple views for each actor, that we call “business views”. We propose a 4 steps-method to compose business views. The first step identifies the users’ business needs, defining the individual practices performed by each actor, identifying his business tasks and his information needs. The second step identifies the visualization needs related to the identified business needs. For this purpose, the user’s interactions and visualization tasks are described. This enables choosing the most appropriate visualization techniques for each need (step 3). At this step, it is important to describe the visualization techniques and to be able to compare them. Therefore, we proposed a business view metamodel. The final step (step 4) selects the adapted views, defines the coordination mechanisms and the interaction principles in order to compose coordinated visualizations. A final step consists in a validation work to ensure that the composed views really match to the described business needs. This paper presents the latest version of the method and especially presents our latest works about its first and second steps. These include making more generic the business tasks description in order to be applicable within most of construction projects and enabling to make correspondence with visualization tasks.
keywords Pre-construction, Simulation, 4D CAD, Collaboration, Computer Supported Cooperative Work, Human-Computer Interface, Information visualization, Business view, Model driven engineering
series CAAD Futures
email
last changed 2012/02/11 19:21

_id ijac20097101
id ijac20097101
authors Boulaassal, H.; Landes, T.; Grussenmeyer, P.
year 2009
title Automatic Extraction of Planar Clusters and their Contours on Building Facades Recorded by Terrestrial Laser Scanner
source International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 7 - no. 1, 1-20
summary Since 3D city models need to be realistic not only from a bird's point of view, but also from a pedestrian's point of view, the interest in the generation of 3D façade models is increasing. This paper presents two successive algorithms for automatically segmenting building façades scanned by Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) into planar clusters and extracting their contours. Since majority of façade components are planes, the topic of automatic extraction of planar features has been studied. The RANSAC algorithm has been chosen among numerous methods. It is a robust estimator frequently used to compute model parameters from a dataset containing outliers, as it occurs in TLS data. Nevertheless, the RANSAC algorithm has been improved in order to extract the most significant planar clusters describing the main features composing the building façades. Subsequently, a second algorithm has been developed for extracting the contours of these features. The innovative idea presented in this paper is the efficient way to detect the points composing the contours. In order to evaluate the performances of both algorithms, they have successively been applied on samples with different characteristics, i.e. densities, types of façades and size of architectural details. Finally, a quality evaluation based on the comparison of planar clusters and contours obtained manually has been carried out. The results prove that the proposed algorithms deliver qualitative as well as quantitative satisfactory results and confirm that both algorithms are reliable for the forthcoming 3D modelling of building façades.
series journal
last changed 2009/06/23 08:07

_id ijac20097106
id ijac20097106
authors Brown, Andre; Saeed, Ghousia; Knight, Michael
year 2009
title Finding Your Way Around Heritage Sites: the Delivery of Digital Information to Mobile Devices
source International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 7 - no. 1, 105-120
summary An information enriched 3D digital city model connected wirelessly with the real-time user interaction has the potential to deliver an effective piece in the pervasive computing jigsaw. Real-time location awareness can contribute to the effective delivery of 3D digital city models and associated information to small mobile devices. Location awareness is also one of the vital elements of ubiquitous computing systems; together the mobile hardware and its interactive contents can be thought of as 'everyware'. This paper describes the work - undertaken with different technological systems that have potential for pedestrian location sensing connecting the pedestrian user with real and virtual environments simultaneously. In particular we look at how users can be correctly located and efficiently informed about buildings and artefacts that are part of the spectrum of built forms that together are referred to as Architectural Heritage sites.
series journal
last changed 2009/06/23 08:07

_id sigradi2009_913
id sigradi2009_913
authors Bruno, Fernando Batista; José Luis Farinatti Aymone; Fábio Gonçalves Teixeira; Tânia Luisa Koltermann da Silva
year 2009
title Programa de modelagem 3D em VRML para web [VRML 3D modeling software for Web]
source SIGraDi 2009 - Proceedings of the 13th Congress of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics, Sao Paulo, Brazil, November 16-18, 2009
summary This work describes a software which is a VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language) modeler based on Web and a learning object for this language. The modeler, developed using PHP, HTML and JavaScript, runs directly on a website and it is able to show the model and its VRML code during the creation process, and to record it on the user machine. The software developed is able to model primitive forms, as box, cylinder and sphere, and faceset surfaces, helping users to model 3D objects and to understand VRML syntax. The model material is chosen according to color and transparency.
keywords Web; VRML; 3D Modeling; Virtual Reality
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id sigradi2009_708
id sigradi2009_708
authors Bruscato, Underlea Miotto
year 2009
title Espacios de Encuentro y Memoria para enclaves patrimoniales en el sur de Brasil [Memory and Meeting Places for heritage settlements in the southern Brazil]
source SIGraDi 2009 - Proceedings of the 13th Congress of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics, Sao Paulo, Brazil, November 16-18, 2009
summary This paper exposes the development of heritage settlements in southern Brazil and virtual systems to diffuse cultural features and touristic services. These settlements are related to European immigration and diverse economic and cultural activities spread on mountain regions. Including religious missions, vineyards, agriculture, bakery, etc. They requires information systems to proper diffusion and exploitation. It proposes an virtual system based on territorial data, linked to cultural and touristic information, as well 3D models of architectural landmarks and social networks. That suggest an integrated approach the cultural and economic development of heritage settlements.
keywords Virtual heritage; Social Networks; Brazil
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

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