Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	ecaade2009_152
id	ecaade2009_152
authors	de Godoi, Giovana; Celani, Gabriela
year	2009
title	Shape Grammars and Historical Town Renovations: A Case Study in Monte Alegre Do Sul
source	Computation: The New Realm of Architectural Design [27th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-8-9] Istanbul (Turkey) 16-19 September 2009, pp. 237-242
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2009.237
wos	WOS:000334282200029
summary	Shape grammars have been used in architecture for analysis and synthesis - in the first case, mainly for the characterization of styles and in the later for the generation of novel compositions. The present research proposes the use of shape grammars for establishing guidelines for the requalification of historical areas that have lost their original characteristics due to improper renovations. In order to develop and test the proposed method, a study was carried out in a small Brazilian town called Monte Alegre do Sul. The town was chosen because its original urban morphology, developed in the XIXth century, is still relatively well preserved, although part of the original façades have been transformed. The objective of the research is to develop a shape grammar to set guidelines for the requalification of the already renovated façades in Monte Alegre do Sul.
keywords	Façades, generative design systems, rule-based design, shape grammar
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	caadria2009_092
id	caadria2009_092
authors	Liu, Chun-Hung; Chang-Franw Lee
year	2009
title	The Design of a Mobile Navigation System Based on QR Codes for Historic Buildings
source	Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / Yunlin (Taiwan) 22-25 April 2009, pp. 103-112
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2009.103
summary	Due to the rapid development of mobile and compact electronic devices such as PDAs and smart phones, designers and developers now have to consider user mobility and the dynamic context of use in the design of interactive systems. In this study, literatures associated with mobile navigation systems in museums and historic buildings are first reviewed in order to understand the features, advantages, and drawbacks of current mobile navigation technology. The feasibility of applying QR codes in the navigation of historic buildings is then discussed, and the mobile navigation principles mentioned in previous literatures are applied in our proposed system. A number of common problems are encountered in the navigation of local historic buildings or museums. Visitors (1) cannot understand what makes an exhibited item a work of art; (2) do not know where to start or how to get started; (3) feel rushed by guides during the guided tour; and (4) find that the audio guide is not clear enough. Managers of historic buildings or museums are generally concerned about (1) the high cost of constructing a mobile navigation environment; (2) possible damage to devices; and (3) the cost of device maintenance. This study attempts to solve the above issues by constructing an affordable digital navigation environment that enables users to clearly understand each exhibited item and its location.
keywords	Mobile navigation; QR code; historic buildings
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	ijac202119302
id	ijac202119302
authors	BuHamdan, Samer; Alwisy, Aladdin; Bouferguene, Ahmed
year	2021
title	Generative systems in the architecture, engineering and construction industry: A systematic review and analysis
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing 2021, Vol. 19 - no. 3, 226–249
summary	Researchers have been extensively exploring the employment of generative systems to support design practices in the architecture, engineering and construction industry since the 1970s. More than half a century passed since the first architecture, engineering and construction industry’s generative systems were developed; researchers have achieved remarkable leaps backed by advances in computing power and algorithms’ capacity. In this article, we present a systematic analysis of the literature published between 2009 and 2019 on the utilization of generative systems in the design practices of the architecture, engineering and construction industry. The present research studies present trends, collaborations and applications of generative systems in the architecture, engineering and construction industry in order to identify existing shortcomings and potential advancements that balance the need for theory development and practical application. It provides insightful observations that are translated into meaningful recommendations for future research necessary to progress the incorporation of generative systems into the design practices of the architecture, engineering and construction industry.
keywords	Generative systems, architecture, engineering and construction industry, performative design, generative design, systematic literature review, future directions
series	journal
email
last changed	2024/04/17 14:29

_id	cf2009_727
id	cf2009_727
authors	de Vries, Bauke; Jessurun, Joran and Sadowski-Rasters, Gaby
year	2009
title	Dynamic plan modelling and visualization: Converting an urban development plan into a transition scenario
source	T. Tidafi and T. Dorta (eds) Joining Languages, Cultures and Visions: CAADFutures 2009, PUM, 2009, pp. 727- 739
summary	Application of 3D models in urban planning practice is still limited to visualization of existing or newly designed situations. Municipalities are looking for possibilities to communicate the transition process of the urban development area with the citizens. A prototype system was developed to investigate what the technical requirements are of such a tool and what the organizational consequences will be. As an example, screenshots are shown of a district in Eindhoven at different moments in time. Finally, recommendations are given on what is needed to turn the prototype into a professional tool.
keywords	GIS, 3D modeling, transitions, urban planning
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2009/06/08 20:53

_id	cf2009_poster_09
id	cf2009_poster_09
authors	Hsu, Yin-Cheng
year	2009
title	Lego Free-Form? Towards a Modularized Free-Form Construction
source	T. Tidafi and T. Dorta (eds) Joining Languages Cultures and Visions: CAADFutures 2009 CD-Rom
summary	Design Media is the tool designers use for concept realization (Schon and Wiggins, 1992; Liu, 1996). Design thinking of designers is deeply effected by the media they tend to use (Zevi, 1981; Liu, 1996; Lim, 2003). Historically, architecture is influenced by the design media that were available within that era (Liu, 1996; Porter and Neale, 2000; Smith, 2004). From the 2D plans first used in ancient egypt, to the 3D physical models that came about during the Renaissance period, architecture reflects the media used for design. When breakthroughs in CAD/CAM technologies were brought to the world in the twentieth century, new possibilities opened up for architects.
keywords	CAD/CAM free-form construction, modularization
series	CAAD Futures
type	poster
last changed	2009/07/08 22:12

_id	ecaade2009_178
id	ecaade2009_178
authors	Sökmenoglu, Ahu; Türkkan, Sevgi
year	2009
title	Digital Monumentality in/for Public Spaces
source	Computation: The New Realm of Architectural Design [27th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-8-9] Istanbul (Turkey) 16-19 September 2009, pp. 835-842
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2009.835
wos	WOS:000334282200102
summary	Aim of this paper is to discuss the paradigmatic changes in the conception and production of ”monumentality” through the transition from analog to digital forms of communication, design and production. Before looking for a correspondence to “monumentality” in the digital era, the basic concepts that define “monumentality” like aesthetics & public space will be theorized and discussed briefly. We will be questioning via examples, whether the classical conception and production of the “monument” still pursues in the digital era or if the digital revolution is able to alter the chemistry of it.
keywords	Aim of this paper is to discuss the paradigmatic changes in the conception and production of ”monumentality” through the transition from analog to digital forms of communication, design and production. Before looking for a correspondence to “monumentality” in the digital era, the basic concepts that define “monumentality” like aesthetics & public space will be theorized and discussed briefly. We will be questioning via examples, whether the classical conception and production of the “monument” still pursues in the digital era or if the digital revolution is able to alter the chemistry of it.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	caadria2009_109
id	caadria2009_109
authors	Wang, Chung-yang
year	2009
title	Statics and Dynamics in The Process of CAD/CAM Fabrication
source	Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / Yunlin (Taiwan) 22-25 April 2009, pp. 245-254
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2009.245
summary	Through the progress of digital media, dynamic concepts contribute to vivid forms. Nevertheless, these forms still present static space, which cannot reflect the designer’s dynamic concept, a shape that changes over time. This is a setback for design and fabrication. Hence many researchers turn to designing dynamic architecture. However, the current development restricted by technical threshold is prone to solve the variation of functions instead of aesthetic-oriented changeable form. It is obvious that the difference between “statics” and “dynamics” becomes a watershed of aesthetics and functions. This research attempts to eliminate the above-mentioned barrier and to suggest a new CAD/CAM fabrication procedure based on aesthetics and reveal key tectonic factors that affect dynamic architecture.
keywords	CAD/CAM: Statics/Dynamics; Tectonics; Fabrications
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	ecaade2009_082
id	ecaade2009_082
authors	Wang, Chung-Yang
year	2009
title	Effect on Architectural Representation through Dynamic and Static Design Methods
source	Computation: The New Realm of Architectural Design [27th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-8-9] Istanbul (Turkey) 16-19 September 2009, pp. 497-504
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2009.497
wos	WOS:000334282200060
summary	For accelerating the birth of architectures, people apply logical inductions and definitions to design processes ambiguous in the past then explore the possibilities of design methods. Evolving with times and varied perspectives, there are gradually increasing ways which could generate the difference of the natures in architectures – dynamic or static. Architecture has its own mode of dynamic or static representation in every era. Many studies have pointed out this variation derives from the advances of design media, but there still apparently lacks studies focus on the relationship between design processes and architectural representation. Thus, this research aims to juxtapose design methods with dynamic and static representation in architecture then summarize the possible correlation between these factors.
keywords	Statics/Dynamics, Design method, design media, architectural representation
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	ascaad2009_haitham_rashed
id	ascaad2009_haitham_rashed
authors	Rashed, Haitham and Heba Elsharkawy
year	2009
title	Virtual Museum: Towards a new typology of the museum in the future
source	Digitizing Architecture: Formalization and Content [4th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2009) / ISBN 978-99901-06-77-0], Manama (Kingdom of Bahrain), 11-12 May 2009, pp. 269-279
summary	Architecture is affected by the information technology, one must consider two conditions: that the physical spaces of architecture as we have always known it (enclosure, form and permanence) will without a doubt persevere, and that it will exist alongside the virtual architecture, surfacing in the digital domain of the internet. Museums are now being constructed, navigated, experienced, comprehended, and altered in their virtual states by countless people across global networks. This new architecture of liquidity, flux and mutability is predicated on technological advances and fuelled by basic human desire to probe the unknown. The path that both types of architecture, the real and the virtual, take will be one of convergence. VR seems to be the next logical step in the path laid by CAD, but it will have a more extensive impact, since it not only transforms the way architects design and visualize, but can also be integrated into the final product of architecture itself: such as museums. The main goal of this paper is to emphasize the new typology of museums of the future in which digital technologies support all kinds of museum activities such as gathering, preserving, researching, exhibiting, and educating. Also, to introduce digital technologies for the digital museum such as media and new human interface technologies for novel exhibition styles and data processing technologies for digital archiving of cultural or historical artifacts. The paper highlights the technology used in this new typology of museums; the virtual museum. It also discusses the advantages and the disadvantages of the virtual museum.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2009/06/30 08:12

_id	ascaad2009_000
id	ascaad2009_000
authors	Abdelhameed, Wael; N. Hamza and A. Bennadji (eds.)
year	2009
title	Digitizing Architecture: Formalization and Content
source	4th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2009)[ISBN 978-99901-06-77-0], Manama (Kingdom of Bahrain), 11-12 May 2009, 463 p.
summary	CAAD is constantly provoking and raising many potentials, challenges and arguments in academia, practice, and even in the theory of architecture itself. This process starts with the pedagogy of designing and the ongoing questions such as how much of CAAD should be incorporated in teaching, and ends with digital design technologies and the new emerging questions such as how biologically inspired computational processes alter the form of our architecture and the typical design process. Architecture originates from peoples’ needs and beliefs. The new forms of digital architecture generate debates in terms of various important issues, ranging from emotional and social factors to sustainability and warming climate. The focus area of the conference can be shaped, as follows: considering all these potentials, challenges, and arguments, which we have to benefit from and cope with, are there truly legitimate concerns about the future of our architecture and its content in particular from human and environmental dimensions? Can we develop our own ways of benefiting from the technology that cater to our environment and culture? Can we still see the form of architecture in the traditional way or should we change our perspectives? In other words the conference concentrates on bridging between the new digital form and the traditional human content.
series	ASCAAD
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2010/02/26 07:31

_id	ascaad2009_mai_abdelsalam
id	ascaad2009_mai_abdelsalam
authors	Abdelsalam, Mai
year	2009
title	The Use of the Smart Geometry through Various Design Processes: Using the programming platform (parametric features) and generative components
source	Digitizing Architecture: Formalization and Content [4th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2009) / ISBN 978-99901-06-77-0], Manama (Kingdom of Bahrain), 11-12 May 2009, pp. 297-304
summary	The emergence of parametric generative design tools and prototyping manufacturing technology led to radical changes in architectural morphologies. This change increased the opportunity to develop innovative smart geometries. Integrating these algorithms in the parametric softwares led to variations in building design concepts increasing alternatives and decreasing the repetitive work previously needed in conventional CAD software. The chosen software in this research is Generative Components (GC). It is a software design tool for an associative and parametric design platform. It is tested for using Global Variables with associative functions during the concept creation and form GC comprises features. The results presented in this research may be considered an introduction to the smart geometry revolution. It deals with the generative design which applied in the design process from conceptual design phase, defining the problem, exploring design solutions, then how to develop the design phases. Office building is a building type which encourages new forms that needs computational processes to deal with repetitive functions and modular spaces and enclosed in a flexible creative structural skin. Generative design helps the office buildings to be arranged, analysed, and optimized using parameters in early stages in design process. By the end of the research, the use of the smart geometry in a high rise office building is defined and explained. The research is divided into three parts, first a summary of the basic theories of office buildings design and the sustainable requirements that affect it, and should be integrated. Secondly, the previous experiences in generating office buildings by Norman foster and Sergio Araya. At last, a case study is proposed to test and evaluate the use of the parametric generative methodology in designing an office building with specific emphasis on the function, environmental aspects and form generation using Generative Components (GC) Software.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2009/06/30 08:12

_id	ascaad2009_a_al_attili
id	ascaad2009_a_al_attili
authors	Al-Attili, A. and M. Androulaki
year	2009
title	Architectural Abstraction and Representation: The embodied familiarity of digital space
source	Digitizing Architecture: Formalization and Content [4th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2009) / ISBN 978-99901-06-77-0], Manama (Kingdom of Bahrain), 11-12 May 2009, pp. 305-321
summary	This paper argues that familiarity is the tool that enables the understanding of space abstraction and representation. Familiarity in this context is independent from embodied interaction, and is crudely based on the connection between the various similar images of space; in this particular case, virtual space. Our investigation into the nature of human interaction with space, its abstraction and its representation is based on the critical contrast between the outcomes of interaction with two virtual versions of a physical reality; the first version is a non-linear interactive graphical abstraction of the space where no assertions or indicators are given as to whether or not there is a relationship between the abstraction and its physical reality, whereas the second is a none-linear interactive 3D virtual environment clearly representing the physical space in question. The paper utilises qualitative methods of investigation in order to gain an insight into human embodied experience in space, its abstraction and representation.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2009/06/30 08:12

_id	ascaad2009_hafsa_al_omari
id	ascaad2009_hafsa_al_omari
authors	Al-Omari, Hafsa and Luma Al Dabbagh
year	2009
title	Form in Islamic Architecture: A new vision by using 3D Studio Max program
source	Digitizing Architecture: Formalization and Content [4th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2009) / ISBN 978-99901-06-77-0], Manama (Kingdom of Bahrain), 11-12 May 2009, pp. 433-450
summary	Architecture is a record of human civilization, values, principles and concepts. Form (elements and relations) is one of the visual features of identity and self on one hand and expressive features of place and time (scientific and technical development ) on the other hand. Creating new forms from historical forms is considered one of the greatest challenges that face the architect. Research problem centered on the importance of form in Islamic architecture, and the possibility of investment a new scientific method ( 3D Studio Max program) in creating contemporary architecture using historical and traditional Islamic forms. Research divides to three sections. The first is a theoretical framework that determines the importance and the generation and the potentiality of form in Islamic architecture. The second studies the traditional methods that has been used to create a contemporary Arab-Islamic architecture using historical references, then introduce 3D Studio Max program as alternative new scientific method to traditional methods contribute to create a new vision of contemporary Arab Islamic architecture. The conclusions identify the importance of form in the Islamic civilization and showed that the generation of form affected by its potentiality. Research opens new methods that have not been studied previously in creating contemporary Islamic architecture by using the modifier stack in 3D Studio Max program.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2009/06/30 08:12

_id	sigradi2009_1000
id	sigradi2009_1000
authors	Albuquerque, Mércia de Assis; Mônica Moura
year	2009
title	O Design de Informação na Web 2.0: A interface Resultante de uma Construção Coletiva [Design Information Web 2.0: the interface result of a collective construction]
source	SIGraDi 2009 - Proceedings of the 13th Congress of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics, Sao Paulo, Brazil, November 16-18, 2009
summary	We will address the challenges of design information in designing interfaces and functional dynamics considering a content part of the collaboration of users whose commitment to the project reaches various levels. The use of a well-structured iconography and the availability of help, shortcuts and tutorials are some of the resources already exploited, however, there is still room for reflection on the use of visuals and sounds aimed at facilitating the navigability on such projects. Here are some important details that must be considered by examining models of existing applications.
keywords	Design; Information; Interface; Hypermedia
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	sigradi2009_787
id	sigradi2009_787
authors	Alves, Andressa Schneider; José Luis Farinatti Aymone
year	2009
title	A interface gráfica em um software para o encaixe de modelagens no design de vestuário [The graphical interface for a pattern fitting software in garment industry]
source	SIGraDi 2009 - Proceedings of the 13th Congress of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics, Sao Paulo, Brazil, November 16-18, 2009
summary	This article deals with the issue of pattern fitting and it is divided into two parts. The first part presents a developed software for rectangle fitting (regular items). The second part is intended to evaluate the usability of a garment industry commercial software that performs the pattern fitting for irregular items. From the assessment carried out and based on the initial software presented here, the interface and the features of new software applied to pattern fitting for irregular items will be developed.
keywords	Design do Vestuário; Interface; Usabilidade; Packing; Cutting
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	ecaade2009_164
id	ecaade2009_164
authors	Arslan Selçuk, Semra; Gönenç Sorguç, Arzu
year	2009
title	Exploring Complex Forms in Nature Through Mathematical Modeling: a Case on Turritella Terebra
source	Computation: The New Realm of Architectural Design [27th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-8-9] Istanbul (Turkey) 16-19 September 2009, pp. 665-672
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2009.665
wos	WOS:000334282200080
summary	Changing paradigm of nature-architecture relationship has being directly affected from developing science and technologies as well as from the impact of biomimetic inventions in various man made designs. Our perception of forms and structures are also shifting through use of computational techniques. From this aspect, mathematical models can be considered as the first step to analyze the complex forms and structures in nature. In this paper it is aimed to initiate a platform in architecture which will serve for discussions to explore the potentials of these interactions under the impact of computational and information technologies, not only in terms of formal/visual way, but also extending to learn more about the formation process in nature.
keywords	Shells, learning from nature, seashells, mathematical modeling
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	ecaade2009_087
id	ecaade2009_087
authors	Asanowicz, Aleksander
year	2009
title	Evolution of Design Support Methods – from Formal Systems to Environment
source	Computation: The New Realm of Architectural Design [27th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-8-9] Istanbul (Turkey) 16-19 September 2009, pp. 817-824
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2009.817
wos	WOS:000334282200100
summary	In the paper the main stages of the evolution of aided design methods (which led to the formation of new spaces of creation) will be presented. The first way in which human tried make his work easier were direct introduction of scientific researches in practice. Comprehension and studying the structure of design process creates real conditions for increase of its efficiency. Thanks to methodological researches the systematic design methods were developed. The next steep was introducing the IT technologies into the design process. Firstly as a simple tool, and after as the participant of the creative process. Last years an idea of “direct designing” – the use of VR as an environment for the spatial forms creation was elaborated. The environment starts to play a role of an active mediator joining the real world, the men and the computer. In this environment the designer has access to the processes and sources of creative activity. The qualitatively new process of architectural designing arises.
keywords	Methodology, creativity, design environment
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	sigradi2009_744
id	sigradi2009_744
authors	Assumpção, Paula Sobrino de Souza;
year	2009
title	A influência do usuário sobre a apresentação visual da informação na web: o caso do layout adaptativo e da personalização de layout [User's influence on the visual presentation of information on the web: the case of adaptive layout and layout’s customization]
source	SIGraDi 2009 - Proceedings of the 13th Congress of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics, Sao Paulo, Brazil, November 16-18, 2009
summary	Ahead of the digital environments expansion which follows the principles of the web 2.0, one can notice a growing opening for user's participation. The proposal of this research is to reflect on how this scenario of participation is strengthening a social structure capable of actively acting not only in the production of digital content, but also in the form of this content presentation. From a survey of cases and a theoretical review, this paper aims to analyze two different types of user’s influence on the visual dimension of web environments. One first - adaptive layout - based on the indirect user’s action and a second - layout’s customization - based on the direct user’s action.
keywords	Web design; web 2.0; architecture of participation; visual presentation
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	sigradi2009_957
id	sigradi2009_957
authors	Baerlecken, Daniel Michael; Gernot Riether
year	2009
title	From texture to volume: an investigation in quasi-crystalline systems
source	SIGraDi 2009 - Proceedings of the 13th Congress of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics, Sao Paulo, Brazil, November 16-18, 2009
summary	The relation between texture, pattern and massing is a fundamental question in architecture. Classical architecture, as Leon Battista Alberti states in “De re aedificatoria” (Book VI, Chapter 2), is developed through massing and structure first; texture is added afterwards to give the bold massing and structure beauty. Only the ornamentation adds pulcritudo to the raw structure and massing. Rather than starting with a volume and applying texture afterwards, the Digital Girih project started with textural operations that informed the overall volume later. The stereometric, top-down methodology is questioned through the bottom-up methodology of the Girih project. Girih lines of traditional Islamic patterns were used as a starting point. The aspect of 3-dimensionality was developed analogue as well as digital, using the deformability of different materials at various scales and digital construction techniques as parameters. The flexibility within the Girih rules allowed the system to adapt to different tasks and situations and to react to different conditions between 2- and 3- dimensionality. The project in that way explored a bottom-up process of form generation. This paper will describe the process of the project and explain the necessity of digital tools, such as Grasshopper and Rhino, and fabrication tools, such as laser cutter and CNC fabrication technology, that were essential for this process.
keywords	Generative Design; Parametric Design; Tessellation; Form Finding; Scripting
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	cf2011_p157
id	cf2011_p157
authors	Boton, Conrad; Kubicki Sylvain, Halin Gilles
year	2011
title	Understanding Pre-Construction Simulation Activities to Adapt Visualization in 4D CAD Collaborative Tools
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 477-492.
summary	Increasing productivity and efficiency is an important issue in the AEC field. This area is mainly characterized by fragmentation, heterogeneous teams with low lifetimes and many uncertainties. 4D CAD is one of the greatest innovations in recent years. It consists in linking a 3D model of the building with the works planning in order to simulate the construction evolution over time. 4D CAD can fill several needs from design to project management through constructivity analysis and tasks planning (Tommelein 2003). The literature shows that several applications have been proposed to improve the 4D CAD use (Chau et al. 2004; Lu et al. 2007; Seok & al. 2009). In addition, studies have shown the real impact of 4D CAD use in construction projects (Staub-French & Khanzode 2007; Dawood & Sika 2007). More recently, Mahalingam et al. (2010) showed that the collaborative use of 4D CAD is particularly useful during the pre-construction phase for comparing the constructability of working methods, for visually identifying conflicts and clashes (overlaps), and as visual tool for practitioners to discuss and to plan project progress. So the advantage of the 4D CAD collaborative use is demonstrated. Moreover, several studies have been conducted both in the scientific community and in the industrial world to improve it (Zhou et al. 2009; Kang et al. 2007). But an important need that remains in collaborative 4D CAD use in construction projects is about the adaptation of visualization to the users business needs. Indeed, construction projects have very specific characteristics (fragmentation, variable team, different roles from one project to another). Moreover, in the AEC field several visualization techniques can represent the same concept and actors choose one or another of these techniques according to their specific needs related to the task they have to perform. For example, the tasks planning may be represented by a Gantt chart or by a PERT network and the building elements can be depicted with a 3D model or a 2D plan. The classical view (3D + Gantt) proposed to all practitioners in the available 4D tools seems therefore not suiting the needs of all. So, our research is based on the hypothesis that adapting the visualization to individual business needs could significantly improve the collaboration. This work relies on previous ones and aim to develop a method 1) to choose the best suited views for performed tasks and 2) to compose adapted multiple views for each actor, that we call ‚Äúbusiness views‚Äù. We propose a 4 steps-method to compose business views. The first step identifies the users‚Äô business needs, defining the individual practices performed by each actor, identifying his business tasks and his information needs. The second step identifies the visualization needs related to the identified business needs. For this purpose, the user‚Äôs interactions and visualization tasks are described. This enables choosing the most appropriate visualization techniques for each need (step 3). At this step, it is important to describe the visualization techniques and to be able to compare them. Therefore, we proposed a business view metamodel. The final step (step 4) selects the adapted views, defines the coordination mechanisms and the interaction principles in order to compose coordinated visualizations. A final step consists in a validation work to ensure that the composed views really match to the described business needs. This paper presents the latest version of the method and especially presents our latest works about its first and second steps. These include making more generic the business tasks description in order to be applicable within most of construction projects and enabling to make correspondence with visualization tasks.
keywords	Pre-construction, Simulation, 4D CAD, Collaboration, Computer Supported Cooperative Work, Human-Computer Interface, Information visualization, Business view, Model driven engineering
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

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