Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

PDF papers
References

Hits 1 to 20 of 593

Reformat results as: short short into frame detailed detailed into frame

_id	ascaad2009_000
id	ascaad2009_000
authors	Abdelhameed, Wael; N. Hamza and A. Bennadji (eds.)
year	2009
title	Digitizing Architecture: Formalization and Content
source	4th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2009)[ISBN 978-99901-06-77-0], Manama (Kingdom of Bahrain), 11-12 May 2009, 463 p.
summary	CAAD is constantly provoking and raising many potentials, challenges and arguments in academia, practice, and even in the theory of architecture itself. This process starts with the pedagogy of designing and the ongoing questions such as how much of CAAD should be incorporated in teaching, and ends with digital design technologies and the new emerging questions such as how biologically inspired computational processes alter the form of our architecture and the typical design process. Architecture originates from peoples’ needs and beliefs. The new forms of digital architecture generate debates in terms of various important issues, ranging from emotional and social factors to sustainability and warming climate. The focus area of the conference can be shaped, as follows: considering all these potentials, challenges, and arguments, which we have to benefit from and cope with, are there truly legitimate concerns about the future of our architecture and its content in particular from human and environmental dimensions? Can we develop our own ways of benefiting from the technology that cater to our environment and culture? Can we still see the form of architecture in the traditional way or should we change our perspectives? In other words the conference concentrates on bridging between the new digital form and the traditional human content.
series	ASCAAD
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2010/02/26 07:31

_id	96d8
id	96d8
authors	Booth, Peter; Loo, Stephen
year	2009
title	Beyond Equilibrium: Sustainable Digital Design
source	Sustainable theory/ theorizing sustainability Proceedings from the 5th International Conference of the Association of Architecture Victoria University, New Zealand, 4-5 September 2009
summary	Implicit in current understandings of sustainability is the presence of a closed system with the capacity of equilibration. Sustainable practices, including design practices, are therefore assumed to possess a redemptive role: design is deployed (as environmentally sustainable design, etc.) to change habits, develop new technologies and recover marginalized practices in the hope of righting the balance between the environment and human endeavours. Recent developments in experimental digital design have demonstrated non‐linear and highly complex relations between topological transformations, material change, and the temporal dimension of forces. More importantly, this method of design is bottom‐up, because it does not rely on design solutions presaged by conventions, or restricted by representation, but is emergent within the performance of computational design itself. We argue that digital design processes need to move beyond the flux of determinates and solutions in equilibrium, towards a radically continuous but consistent production, which is in effect, an expression of sustainable pedagogy. The role of emergent digital techniques has significant impact on the methods in which computation is utilized within both practice and academic environments. This paper outlines a digital design studio on sustainability at the University of Tasmania, Australia that uses parametric modelling, digital performance testing, and topological morphology, concomitant with actual material fabrication, as a potent mode of collaborative design studio practice towards a sustainable design pedagogy.
keywords	digital, computation, process, morphogenesis.
series	other
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2009/09/08 23:21

_id	ecaade2009_108
id	ecaade2009_108
authors	Del Signore, Marcella; Cantrell, Bradley; Roppo, Barbara
year	2009
title	HYBRIDS: Urban Systems and Information
source	Computation: The New Realm of Architectural Design [27th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-8-9] Istanbul (Turkey) 16-19 September 2009, pp. 843-850
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2009.843
wos	WOS:000334282200103
summary	Digital tools are transforming design pedagogy by continuously redefining approaches to design processes and methodologies. A recurring theme in design education is the link between the analytical processes and the project development. While the investigations are formulated during the first phase, one typically moves back and forth between the two, allowing ideas created from the analysis to influence and modify the overall design directions. The data created through digital tools can be manipulated, altered, modified and, because of its inherent properties, carried throughout the overall design process. The focus of “Hybrids” seminar was to develop a strategy in which the analytical information and data created through digital tools, were able to inform a synergistic analog:digital design process. The seminar asked students to develop a temporary installation at the New Orleans Riverfront (Figure 1) focusing on the liminal condition that exists between the city and waters edge. The site is a nodal point between the French Quarter and the river that presents different levels of information and acts as a threshold between the city and the water edge.
keywords	New design concepts and strategies, simulation, prediction and evaluation, modes of production
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	cf2009_369
id	cf2009_369
authors	Guité, Manon; Iordanova, Ivanka; De Paoli, Giovanni; Tidafi, Temy and Lachapelle, Jacques
year	2009
title	Environnement numérique d’apprentissage et de conception en architecture; Digital environment for learning and designing architecture
source	T. Tidafi and T. Dorta (eds) Joining Languages, Cultures and Visions: CAADFutures 2009, PUM, 2009, pp. 369-382
summary	This research aims at stimulating the exploration process in architectural design through the conception and the creation of a computational environment centered on a library of referents. Based on a specific way of describing the referents, as well as on the energizing role we wanted the library to play in the design process, we could draw the characteristics of such an environment. The representation of the referents is seen as a combination of descriptions in different format. Offered to students, it allows for new interpretations, for interaction with their content, and finally, for the integration of knowledge during the process of architectural exploration.
keywords	Architectural design environment, precedent, representation, CAD learning, pedagogy
series	CAAD Futures
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2009/06/09 07:12

_id	ascaad2009_jonathan_healey
id	ascaad2009_jonathan_healey
authors	Healey, Jonathan T. and Lisa Lacharité-Lostritto
year	2009
title	Speculative Assemblages of a Digital Process: The investigation of hybrid digital media as a pedagogical device
source	Digitizing Architecture: Formalization and Content [4th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2009) / ISBN 978-99901-06-77-0], Manama (Kingdom of Bahrain), 11-12 May 2009, pp. 61-68
summary	Within a digital-design pedagogy is opportunity to construct a design process working non-linearly in explicit systemic, conditional, and metaphorical operations. In the use of digital modeling and animation, speculative design methods develop across a series of incremental investigations that are structured, rather than dictated, by the particular architectural issues of composition and concept of place. By accommodating the diversity of such inputs, and testing the variable layers of output, new discrete compositions in the form of digital assemblage recombine and translate a series of logical premises and processes that resolve in non-prescribed outcomes. This paper identifies, through the work of two students, experimentations with computer-aided design that suggest the potential for hybrid design methods relevant to the exploratory nature of a digitally-inclined architectural pedagogy.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2009/06/30 08:12

_id	caadria2009_016
id	caadria2009_016
authors	Hemsath, Timothy L. ; Ronald Bonnstetter, Leen-Kiat Soh and Robert Williams
year	2009
title	Digital CADCAM Pedagogy
source	Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / Yunlin (Taiwan) 22-25 April 2009, pp. 277-284
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2009.277
summary	Prototype manufacturing as an educational tool has been very successful at the college level in architecture and engineering design. This paper discusses an innovative inquiry-based learning approach rather than the problem-based learning models commonly utilized by other similar programs. For example, several research-funded technology projects (e.g., Cappelleri et al. 2007) look at involving students in problembased learning exercises (e.g., building robots); however, these exercises (while providing valuable experiences) have predetermined outcomes ingrained by the teachers, the project structure, and the components used to construct the devices. Therefore, inquisitive and creative problem solving is limited to the “kit-of-parts” in their approach to solving the problem. The inquiry-based CADCAM pedagogy model is more concerned with the process of solving a problem through the vehicle of prototyping than with the specificity of the design project itself. This approach has great potential. First, the need to solve the problem drives learning on multiple levels, integrating interdisciplinary ideas into the problem and solution. Second, the problem interlocks disciplines through inquiry knowledge building in team exercises. Finally, it encourages diversity and flexibility by allowing students to look at problems from multiples perspectives and points of view.
keywords	Inquiry-based education: CAD; CAM; pedagogy
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:49

_id	cf2009_740
id	cf2009_740
authors	Kendir, Elif; Schork, Tim
year	2009
title	Tools for conviviality : Transcribing design
source	T. Tidafi and T. Dorta (eds) Joining Languages, Cultures and Visions: CAADFutures 2009, PUM, 2009, pp. 740- 753
summary	This paper presents the outcomes and findings of a semester long trans-disciplinary design studio recently taught at RMIT University, involving students from the disciplines of architecture, industrial design and landscape design. The focus of the studio was to investigate the creation and appropriation of tools for innovative design processes. Drawing on craft theory and theories of design and computation, this paper illustrates how tools can transgress disciplinary boundaries and investigates how an understanding of the intricate relationship between tools, techniques, the media they operate in and the design outcome is the premise of a more informed design approach.
keywords	Craft Theory, Design and Computation, Design studio pedagogy, Tooling
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2009/06/08 20:53

_id	sigradi2009_938
id	sigradi2009_938
authors	Klinger, Kevin R.
year	2009
title	Digital Design through Production Pedagogy: Cases Involving Student/Industry Collaboration
source	SIGraDi 2009 - Proceedings of the 13th Congress of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics, Sao Paulo, Brazil, November 16-18, 2009
summary	Innovation through digital design in contemporary practice has led to completely new ways of designing and making architecture. To prepare for these innovative opportunities, students are turning to alternative skill sets than those traditionally gained in an architectural curriculum. This paper argues that we must reconstruct our architectural curricula in order to better prepare students for a shifting professional landscape. While current material-based production realities of translating digital design into built form have much in common with modernist traditions, exercises, sequences, and collaborative opportunities in schools should pass through a relevant lens examining the true potential of working with the information age.
keywords	Digital fabrication; informed architecture; total design through production; collaboration; industry partnership
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:54

_id	ascaad2009_carl_lostritto
id	ascaad2009_carl_lostritto
authors	Lostritto, Carl R.
year	2009
title	Teaching Systems-Thinking with Algorithmic Process: Introduction to computation and programming with processing programming language
source	Digitizing Architecture: Formalization and Content [4th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2009) / ISBN 978-99901-06-77-0], Manama (Kingdom of Bahrain), 11-12 May 2009, pp. 37-46
summary	This research investigates how algorithm design and scripting as pedagogy can affect generalized design ability and understanding. Logical, systematic thinking is considered foundational in developing architectural design aptitude and is explicit when designing algorithms. The course work presented mandates the construction of process rather than product. Scripting is implemented not as a means to an end but rather a medium for exploration. More valuable than formal generator or problem-solver, these scripted designs test direct aesthetic implications. Further tested is the role of animation in de-linearizing the design process. By isolating the algorithm as topic, technique, and concept, scripting skills and the produced artifact are extendable and are translatable to other media. Algorithm design is presented as a 2-dimensional but temporal endeavor: students script an animate, interactive vector-based image. This facilitates the transition from algorithm to spatial experience while also readying students for form-based explorations. The 2-d temporal exercise is of a similar order of complexity to a 3-dimensional static condition. Pieces of the animation structure are provided as a canvas, specifically the ability of the viewer to manually control a single parametric variable that affects the visual output through a user-interface element. The following and final project of the course expands upon the technique of scripting image in the design of an experience by collaging video, images and animation.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2009/06/30 08:12

_id	sigradi2009_1195
id	sigradi2009_1195
authors	Stewart, Tonya; Kevin Sweet
year	2009
title	Advanced Praxis: Synthesizing Digital and Craft in Design
source	SIGraDi 2009 - Proceedings of the 13th Congress of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics, Sao Paulo, Brazil, November 16-18, 2009
summary	Digital fabrication practices have allowed for a level of exactitude and precision unattainable by the designer’s hand. While the design community has benefited tremendously from developments in technology, certain qualities reflective of craft have been lost as a result of the overwhelming dependency on computer-based processes. In order to reinvigorate a sense of craft and personal expression into design, modalities of education must evolve to incorporate these characteristics with contemporary digital techniques. By combining craft, digital tools and collaborative efforts a new breed of designer will emerge – one that finds a personal voice in a globalized world. This paper outlines these issues as they were explored in an experimental design studio that focused on the integration of craft with digital fabrication methods that included both students of graphic design and architecture.
keywords	digital fabrication; cross-disciplinary; design pedagogy
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 10:01

_id	ascaad2009_mohamed_abdalla
id	ascaad2009_mohamed_abdalla
authors	Abdalla, Mohamed Saad Atia
year	2009
title	3D Model and Decision Support System for Fire Safety: A case study of Kingdom of Bahrain
source	Digitizing Architecture: Formalization and Content [4th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2009) / ISBN 978-99901-06-77-0], Manama (Kingdom of Bahrain), 11-12 May 2009, pp. 419-430
summary	Fire agencies on all levels try hard to save lives, properties, and natural resources. Accurate access to critical information is essential in this regard, many agencies around the world have embraced GIS as a tool that helps them balance needs, uses, and hazards to promote sustainability of the environment while identifying and limiting vulnerability. At Kingdom of Bahrain, Ministry of interior established the Geographic Security System (GSS) to enhance the emergency response. The 3D of the GSS Consisted of 3 main parts: (1) 3D for terrain model, (2) 3D model for entire targeted zones, and (3) 3D models for individual buildings. In this paper, the integration between GSS system and 3D model will be illustrated, and how this kind of integration could enhance decision support system (DSS) for fire safety at kingdom of Bahrain. On other hand, we will highlight the technical and legislation difficulties faced in this project. Also, the future steps to enhance DSS will be discussed.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2009/06/30 08:12

_id	caadria2009_031
id	caadria2009_031
authors	Abdelhameed, Wael
year	2009
title	Cognition Model in Conceptual Designing
source	Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / Yunlin (Taiwan) 22-25 April 2009, pp. 771-780
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2009.771
summary	Both design researchers and cognitive scientists have developed various process models to study human creative behaviour in design. The models developed are often based on observations of design processes and analysis of design protocols. This research paper reports the-stateof- the-art in the area of cognition models that present design activities in conceptual designing. The research paper investigates the approaches of these cognition models. A new approach of a cognition activity model in conceptual designing is proposed. The new approach used in the introduced model takes into the account factors and activities that are related to the external environment of design (design medium). The external environment has an important role in the cognition activities and the evaluation process in a way that can hardly be ignored or neglected. The presented model of cognition activities in conceptual designing highlights two main factors employed in all the iteration loops of the model, namely: media use and representation. Case studies of architecture students’ designs have been analyzed. The analysis of these case studies helped in forming the proposed model. Various results have been concluded and reported.
keywords	Cognition model; conceptual designing; design process; design theory
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	cf2009_410
id	cf2009_410
authors	Abdelhameed, Wael
year	2009
title	Reciprocal relationship of conceptualization and design problem definition: A proposed approach for an architectural design studio
source	T. Tidafi and T. Dorta (eds) Joining Languages, Cultures and Visions: CAADFutures 2009, PUM, 2009, pp. 410-422
summary	This research paper proposes an approach to be applied in the design studio. The proposed approach highlights the reciprocal relationship between concept articulation and design problem definition in a design method that exposes different design activities related to this relationship. The design method was applied in a design studio of an intermediate level. The study reports the analysis of student designs in terms of the deign method employed. Moreover, a survey was carried out in order to measure the responses of students and instructors regarding the design method and its approach. The main structure of the design method proposed can be described as follows: although the relationship of concept articulation and design-problem definition are reciprocal, the influence of one direction can be distinguished more than of the other direction on different design activities. The research using qualitative and quantitative methodologies analyzes the results and outputs of the theoretical investigations, the practical application in the design studio, and the questionnaire responses through different methodological tools.
keywords	Conceptual design, design method, architectural design studio
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2009/06/08 20:53

_id	ascaad2009_wael_abdelhameed
id	ascaad2009_wael_abdelhameed
authors	Abdelhameed, Wael
year	2009
title	Assessment of a Physical Planning Project through Virtual Reality: A case study
source	Digitizing Architecture: Formalization and Content [4th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2009) / ISBN 978-99901-06-77-0], Manama (Kingdom of Bahrain), 11-12 May 2009, pp. 365-378
summary	The study reports an application of VR models in the assessment of a part of physical planning project. The project outputs were different reports, GIS data and maps, and CAD drawings. The GIS data were used to create the VR models by importing Shpfiles of the GIS project outputs to VR software. The study presents VR models and the assessment of the physical planning project in terms of: 1) effect of the population increase, 2) effect of the required residential units, and 3) quality assurance for the current situation and future situation. The method used to build up the VR Models was through satellite images (by Google Earth Pro) and VR software (by UC Win/Road). Different models were built up to visualize and assess the alternative solutions and various influential factors. The study employed Virtual Reality in various urban and planning problems through models that are employed as tools of communication and design. The visualized environment and the associated models facilitated the evaluation of important areas, namely: impact of different factors and alternative solutions. The study concludes that the processes, such as decision making, visualization and representation, performed through VR manifest its importance to different design phases of urban and physical planning.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2009/06/30 08:12

_id	sigradi2009_1086
id	sigradi2009_1086
authors	Abdelhameed, Wael; Yoshiro Kobayashi
year	2009
title	Urban Wiki: An online urban design system
source	SIGraDi 2009 - Proceedings of the 13th Congress of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics, Sao Paulo, Brazil, November 16-18, 2009
summary	This research involves the framework and design of Urban Wiki, an online urban design system employing Wiki concept. The term Urban Wiki is created by the researchers; its concepts and methodology will be introduced and presented. Urban Wiki aims to creating a networking system of urban designs, enabling the collaborative work between users around the world. The presented system framework is created and tested by the researchers from two different locations in the world. The purpose of the research is to study how the users can share effectively designing/modeling large scale urban projects. An urban project of a village scale is used to demonstrate the potentials of Urban Wiki, presenting its functions and highlighting the possible uses in the urban area. Moreover, using the created models opens up various urban paths of designing, decision-making, and sharing. Techniques employed in the design of Urban Wiki can potentially be used to build up scalable, easily navigable and extensible models of large-scale entities.
keywords	Urban design; urban planning; networking; urban wiki; modeling systems
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	cf2009_273
id	cf2009_273
authors	Abdelmohsen, Sherif M. and Do, Ellen Yi-Luen
year	2009
title	Analysing the significance of problem solving expertise and computational tool proficiency in design ideation
source	T. Tidafi and T. Dorta (eds) Joining Languages, Cultures and Visions: CAADFutures 2009, PUM, 2009, pp. 273-287
summary	This paper presents a pilot study to analyze the role of problem solving expertise (PSE) and computational tool proficiency (CTP) of expert and novice architects in the ideation process within a distributed cognition environment. To analyze PSE, we studied the frequency of occurrence of unique problem solving tasks per limited commitment mode (LCM) revisit. We also devised a quantitative measure for analyzing CTP based on the frequency of unique and normally distributed modeling activities per design process flows for a parametric modeling tool. In our study that involved freehand sketching and parametric modeling as two external representations used in the ideation process, we concluded that expert architects have higher levels of both PSE and CTP than novices.
keywords	Problem solving, distributed cognition, design ideation, parametric modeling, freehand sketching
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2009/06/08 20:53

_id	ee30
id	ee30
authors	Abdelmohsen, Sherif; El-Khouly, Tamer
year	2009
title	Representing Reflective Practice in a Remote Design Collaboration Process
source	Digital proceedings of the 3rd Conference of International Association of Societies of Design Research (IASDR 2009), COEX, Seoul, Korea, pp. 1317 – 1326.
summary	This paper addresses a new method to describe the remote collaborative design process from the perspective of reflective practice. We aim at understanding the mutual effect between internal and external structures in remote collaborative design. According to the cognitive coding scheme of Suwa et al., we encoded the process into a set of indices—new, continual and revisited—that describe each primitive design move. In a case study which involved the authors as design collaborators, we identified the degree of dependency among these moves and developed a 3D graphical representation to account for reflective practice between us as collaborators. In this representation, we re-interpreted our collaborative process through three main axes: axis of idea exchange as lateral component, axis of idea development as vertical component, and axis of dependency as depth component. We believe this representation can be used to re-interpret the collaboration process among geographically dispersed design team members.
keywords	Collaborative design, reflective practice, collective reflection-in-action, cognitive actions, design moves, dependency relationships, remote collaboration
series	other
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2010/01/30 07:26

_id	ascaad2009_mai_abdelsalam
id	ascaad2009_mai_abdelsalam
authors	Abdelsalam, Mai
year	2009
title	The Use of the Smart Geometry through Various Design Processes: Using the programming platform (parametric features) and generative components
source	Digitizing Architecture: Formalization and Content [4th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2009) / ISBN 978-99901-06-77-0], Manama (Kingdom of Bahrain), 11-12 May 2009, pp. 297-304
summary	The emergence of parametric generative design tools and prototyping manufacturing technology led to radical changes in architectural morphologies. This change increased the opportunity to develop innovative smart geometries. Integrating these algorithms in the parametric softwares led to variations in building design concepts increasing alternatives and decreasing the repetitive work previously needed in conventional CAD software. The chosen software in this research is Generative Components (GC). It is a software design tool for an associative and parametric design platform. It is tested for using Global Variables with associative functions during the concept creation and form GC comprises features. The results presented in this research may be considered an introduction to the smart geometry revolution. It deals with the generative design which applied in the design process from conceptual design phase, defining the problem, exploring design solutions, then how to develop the design phases. Office building is a building type which encourages new forms that needs computational processes to deal with repetitive functions and modular spaces and enclosed in a flexible creative structural skin. Generative design helps the office buildings to be arranged, analysed, and optimized using parameters in early stages in design process. By the end of the research, the use of the smart geometry in a high rise office building is defined and explained. The research is divided into three parts, first a summary of the basic theories of office buildings design and the sustainable requirements that affect it, and should be integrated. Secondly, the previous experiences in generating office buildings by Norman foster and Sergio Araya. At last, a case study is proposed to test and evaluate the use of the parametric generative methodology in designing an office building with specific emphasis on the function, environmental aspects and form generation using Generative Components (GC) Software.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2009/06/30 08:12

_id	ijac20097404
id	ijac20097404
authors	Achten, Henri H.
year	2009
title	Experimental Design Methods - A Review
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 7 - no. 4, 505-534
summary	Experimental design methods are applied in all phases of the design process and by almost every party involved in the design process. In this paper, we aim to give an overview of the background, applications, and technologies involved. A limited simple metric is introduced for assessing the degree of innovation. Future developments are outlined.
series	journal
last changed	2010/09/06 08:02

_id	ecaade2009_123
id	ecaade2009_123
authors	Achten, Henri; Beetz, Jakob
year	2009
title	What Happened to Collaborative Design?
source	Computation: The New Realm of Architectural Design [27th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-8-9] Istanbul (Turkey) 16-19 September 2009, pp. 357-366
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2009.357
wos	WOS:000334282200043
summary	In this paper we present the results of a comprehensive literature survey on the development of collaborative design. We reviewed 324 papers on collaborative design, taken from various sources (conferences, journals, and PhD-theses). We grouped the papers based on common themes, and in that way derived a classification of themes through the last 25 years (1983-2008). Each category is described, its development, and key publications are identified.
keywords	Collaborative design
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

For more results click below: