Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	ecaade2010_196
id	ecaade2010_196
authors	Augustynowicz, Edyta; Sixt, Stefanie; Georgakopoulou, Sofia
year	2010
title	Attractive City - An Interactive City Generator
source	FUTURE CITIES [28th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-9-6] ETH Zurich (Switzerland) 15-18 September 2010, pp.379-387
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2010.379
wos	WOS:000340629400040
summary	The Attractive City Generator is an interactive installation with which users can create or rearrange virtual cities by placing and moving physical objects. Through the set of simple inputs that the users provide and which represent city areas, landscapes or landmarks, the ACG is capable of creating complex and growing cities. In addition, a plethora of factual feedback on these cities is calculated. Becoming physically involved enhances the learningprocess and increases the user’s interest. The users are drawn to the colourful and simple interface. Due to the practical feedback that the city returns, the users can feel more attached to the city they have created. A dynamic dialogue is formed between the city and its creators, that involves the wishes of the users versus the needs of the virtual city, the practical interaction on the table versus the theoretical calculations taking place inside the computer, the physical input versus the digital output.
keywords	Interactivity; City planning; Human-computer interface; L-system; Developmental models
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	cf2011_p157
id	cf2011_p157
authors	Boton, Conrad; Kubicki Sylvain, Halin Gilles
year	2011
title	Understanding Pre-Construction Simulation Activities to Adapt Visualization in 4D CAD Collaborative Tools
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 477-492.
summary	Increasing productivity and efficiency is an important issue in the AEC field. This area is mainly characterized by fragmentation, heterogeneous teams with low lifetimes and many uncertainties. 4D CAD is one of the greatest innovations in recent years. It consists in linking a 3D model of the building with the works planning in order to simulate the construction evolution over time. 4D CAD can fill several needs from design to project management through constructivity analysis and tasks planning (Tommelein 2003). The literature shows that several applications have been proposed to improve the 4D CAD use (Chau et al. 2004; Lu et al. 2007; Seok & al. 2009). In addition, studies have shown the real impact of 4D CAD use in construction projects (Staub-French & Khanzode 2007; Dawood & Sika 2007). More recently, Mahalingam et al. (2010) showed that the collaborative use of 4D CAD is particularly useful during the pre-construction phase for comparing the constructability of working methods, for visually identifying conflicts and clashes (overlaps), and as visual tool for practitioners to discuss and to plan project progress. So the advantage of the 4D CAD collaborative use is demonstrated. Moreover, several studies have been conducted both in the scientific community and in the industrial world to improve it (Zhou et al. 2009; Kang et al. 2007). But an important need that remains in collaborative 4D CAD use in construction projects is about the adaptation of visualization to the users business needs. Indeed, construction projects have very specific characteristics (fragmentation, variable team, different roles from one project to another). Moreover, in the AEC field several visualization techniques can represent the same concept and actors choose one or another of these techniques according to their specific needs related to the task they have to perform. For example, the tasks planning may be represented by a Gantt chart or by a PERT network and the building elements can be depicted with a 3D model or a 2D plan. The classical view (3D + Gantt) proposed to all practitioners in the available 4D tools seems therefore not suiting the needs of all. So, our research is based on the hypothesis that adapting the visualization to individual business needs could significantly improve the collaboration. This work relies on previous ones and aim to develop a method 1) to choose the best suited views for performed tasks and 2) to compose adapted multiple views for each actor, that we call ‚Äúbusiness views‚Äù. We propose a 4 steps-method to compose business views. The first step identifies the users‚Äô business needs, defining the individual practices performed by each actor, identifying his business tasks and his information needs. The second step identifies the visualization needs related to the identified business needs. For this purpose, the user‚Äôs interactions and visualization tasks are described. This enables choosing the most appropriate visualization techniques for each need (step 3). At this step, it is important to describe the visualization techniques and to be able to compare them. Therefore, we proposed a business view metamodel. The final step (step 4) selects the adapted views, defines the coordination mechanisms and the interaction principles in order to compose coordinated visualizations. A final step consists in a validation work to ensure that the composed views really match to the described business needs. This paper presents the latest version of the method and especially presents our latest works about its first and second steps. These include making more generic the business tasks description in order to be applicable within most of construction projects and enabling to make correspondence with visualization tasks.
keywords	Pre-construction, Simulation, 4D CAD, Collaboration, Computer Supported Cooperative Work, Human-Computer Interface, Information visualization, Business view, Model driven engineering
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	ascaad2010_221
id	ascaad2010_221
authors	Caramelo Gomes, Cristina
year	2010
title	Humanising ICT to a Smarter Dwelling Environment
source	CAAD - Cities - Sustainability [5th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2010 / ISBN 978-1-907349-02-7], Fez (Morocco), 19-21 October 2010, pp. 221-230
summary	Dwelling environment is not intelligent if it does not include the concept of home. The emergence of ICT allowed new functions as well as new ways of performing the traditional ones. The need to be online does not remove the need of privacy and to print the site. New ways of living require rethinking dwelling typology to flexibility. Intelligent environments will appear to elevate the sense of home, where security, autonomy, independence, comfort and interaction will be crucial to promote a more qualified life. Technological solutions can be driven in different directions: energy efficiency; lightening and temperature control, video surveillance, access control, etc., assistive environments; entertainment solutions like home theater and professional ones; all have in common to conceive the environment that matches user’s expectancies, where human interaction and social participation emerge as crucial requirements.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2011/03/01 07:36

_id	ijac20108203
id	ijac20108203
authors	Chevrier, Christine; Nathalie Charbonneau, Pierre Grussenmeyer, Jean-Pierre Perrin
year	2010
title	Parametric Documenting of Built Heritage: 3D Virtual Reconstruction of Architectural Details
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 8 - no. 2, 135-150
summary	This paper examines 3D modelling of architectural elements with the help of parametric components. Such components may be useful within the framework of projects dealing with virtual 3D reconstruction of heritage monuments. Architectural components of the built heritage often have complex geometry. We studied the various geometrical shapes of a given architectural element, representative of a specific period and place. This study allowed us to identify the parameters and to implement parametric objects (in Maya Environment [1]). We also developed a Graphical User Interface (GUI) to answer the user's needs while generating the 3D model representing the architectural element. Within this GUI, the user is able to make adjustments with the help of laser point clouds from laserscanning, 2D plans or photographs. We exemplify our method with a case study dealing with openings and lintels. The corpus under study consists of elements of the built heritage of Montreal (Canada) and Nancy (France).
series	journal
last changed	2019/05/24 09:55

_id	sigradi2010_146
id	sigradi2010_146
authors	Choma, Joseph
year	2010
title	CONTESTED BOUNDARIES: Digital Fabrication + Hand Craft
source	SIGraDi 2010_Proceedings of the 14th Congress of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics, pp. Bogotá, Colombia, November 17-19, 2010, pp. 146-149
summary	This research investigates the relationship between efficiency, precision and tactile variation within architectural design and fabrication. A digitally driven design may be seamlessly precise and consistent but also feel sterile and distant from the human body. A materially driven design may be intimate and tactile but lack the accuracy needed to connect elements. Digital fabrication techniques are combined with hand craft material manipulations in search of a unique hybrid tectonic that merges connection accuracies with subtle but sensual divergences between repeating modules. Prototypes have been constructed at the object and inhabitable scale.
keywords	instrumentality, tacit knowledge, digital fabrication, hand craft, design and computation
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:49

_id	acadia10_117
id	acadia10_117
authors	Crotch, Joanna; Mantho, Robert; Horner, Martyn
year	2010
title	Social Spatial Genesis: Activity Centered Space Making
source	ACADIA 10: LIFE in:formation, On Responsive Information and Variations in Architecture [Proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-1-4507-3471-4] New York 21-24 October, 2010), pp. 117-124
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2010.117
summary	Digital technologies and processes have been used to generate architectural form for over two decades. Recent advances in digital technologies have allowed virtual digital environments to be constructed from physical movement. But can a bridge that connects the physical and virtual realms be developed? Can this, currently arbitrary form making be grounded in human activity and subsequently be integrated in to real time, space, and place. This research asks how space generated from the process of digital morphogenesis can be related to meaning beyond just the creation of form. Existing research asks how new form can be discovered, or what material and structural possibilities can be derived from form, through these morphological processes. The aim of this research project is to complete the loop, physical–virtual–physical, and to connect these digital processes to meaning through human activity. Its aim is to discover the consequences of generated spatial envelopes that are manipulated through digital morphogenesis and related to specific human activity, in the pursuit of possibilities for a digitally generated architecture that is socially engaged. This is not random form finding, wherein architecture tries to imitate biological processes or form, but form finding that is connected to a primary architectural concern, how is the architecture being used by humans.
keywords	Social digital morphogenesis, event based, motion capture
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	caadria2010_008
id	caadria2010_008
authors	Di Mascio, Danilo
year	2010
title	Preserving memories with digital media: a methodology for the reconstruction of Castelnuovo Village
source	Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / Hong Kong 7-10 April 2010, pp. 83-92
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2010.083
summary	The historical centre of the village of Castelnuovo (located in Abruzzo, a region in central of Italy) was seriously damaged by the earthquake of the 6th of April 2009. Following the survey by the Civil Protection, all dwellings have been classified as unsuitable for habitation. The village should be either abandoned or totally rebuilt. But which is its value? Is there something worth of being preserved? If observed from a biodiversity point of view, or more precisely from a “cultural biodiversity” point of view, the historical centre possess interesting materials and immaterial characteristics. These qualities constitute real guidelines for a possible recovery project. Since there is not any possibility to make a survey of the inner village because of its destruction by the earthquake, in this research we have decided to use information technology, in order to rebuilt it and study it in a three-dimensional environment. In this paper we describe the theoretical basis, the method of elaboration and the instruments we have used to locate and evaluate the memories that should be preserved in a new project. Starting with a traditional documentation, such as photographs and drawings, we have used a variety of software (graphics editing program, CAD, 3D modeler, videogame 3D-engine), because of the several hypothesis considered.
keywords	Digital heritage; digital design; design methods; digital reconstruction; memories conservation
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	acadia10_110
id	acadia10_110
authors	Di Raimo; Antonino
year	2010
title	Architecture as Caregiver: Human Body - Information - Cognition
source	ACADIA 10: LIFE in:formation, On Responsive Information and Variations in Architecture [Proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-1-4507-3471-4] New York 21-24 October, 2010), pp. 110-116
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2010.110
summary	Recent studies in contemporary architecture have developed a variety of parameters regarding the information paradigm which have consequently brought different results and techniques to the process of architectural design. Thus, the emergence of an ecological thinking environment and its involvement in scientific matters has determined links moving beyond the conventional references that rely on information. It is characterized as an interconnected and dynamic interaction, concerning both a theoretical background and providing, at the same time, appropriate means in the architectural design process (Saggio, 2007, 117). The study is based on the assumption that Information Theory leads into a bidirectional model which is based on interaction. According to it, I want to emphasize the presence of the human body in both the architectural creation process and the use of architectural space. The aim of my study, is consequently an evaluation of how this corporeal view related to the human body, can be organized and interlinked in the process of architectural design. My hypothesis relies on the interactive process between the information paradigm and the ecological one. The integration of this corporeal view influences the whole process of architectural design, improving abilities and knowledge (Figure 1). I like to refer to this as a missing ring, as it occurs within a circular vital system with all its elements closely linked to each other and in particular, emphasizes architecture as a living being.
keywords	Architecture, information paradigm, human body, corporeity, cognitive Science, cognition,circularity, living system
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	acadia10_258
id	acadia10_258
authors	Doumpioti, Christina; Greenberg, Evan L.; Karatzas, Konstantinos
year	2010
title	Embedded Intelligence: Material Responsiveness in Façade Systems
source	ACADIA 10: LIFE in:formation, On Responsive Information and Variations in Architecture [Proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-1-4507-3471-4] New York 21-24 October, 2010), pp. 258-262
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2010.258
summary	This paper presents recent research for new mechanical systems and façade designs that are able to respond to environmental changes through local interactions, inspired by biological systems. These are based on a model of distributed intelligence founded on insect and animal collectives, from which intelligent behavior emerges through simple local associations. Biological collective systems integrate material form and responsiveness and have the potential to inform new architectural and engineering strategies. The proposed façade system uses integrated sensors and actuators that moderate their local environments through simple interactions with their immediate neighbors. Computational techniques coupled to manufacturing methods and material logics create an integral design framework leading to heterogeneous environmental and structural conditions, producing local responses to environmental stimuli, and ultimately, effective performance of the whole system.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	ijac20108404
id	ijac20108404
authors	Erhan, Halil; Nahal H. Salmasi, Rob Woodbury
year	2010
title	ViSA: A Parametric Design Modeling Method to Enhance Visual Sensitivity Control and Analysis
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 8 - no. 4, p. 461
summary	The ability of parametric computer-aided design systems to generate models rapidly enables designers to explore the downstream impacts of changes to key design parameters. However, the typical modeling functions provided in the parametric systems can become insufficient when such exploration is needed for increasingly complex parametric design models. Main challenges for exploration that we observed are control and analysis of changes on the design model and in particular, when they are introduced continuously. The system interfaces and the human-visual perception system alleviate these challenges. In this study, we demonstrate ViSA, a Visual Sensitivity Analysis method that aims to make the effects of change within a parametric model controllable, measurable and apparent for designers. The approach aims to improve visually analyzing the sensitivity of a design model to planned parametric changes. The method proposes customizable control and visualization features in the model that are decoupled from each other at the design level, while providing interfaces between them through parametric associations. We present findings from our case studies in addition to the results of a user study demonstrating the applicability and limitations of the proposed method.
series	journal
last changed	2019/05/24 09:55

_id	ascaad2010_249
id	ascaad2010_249
authors	Hawker, Ronald; Dina Elkady and Thomas Tucker.
year	2010
title	Not Just Another Pretty Face
source	CAAD - Cities - Sustainability [5th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2010 / ISBN 978-1-907349-02-7], Fez (Morocco), 19-21 October 2010, pp. 249-260
summary	Digital Heritage has gained popularity recently as means of dynamically representing and reconstructing historic buildings and cityscapes. Simultaneously this new medium of visualization affords another approach to examine human-virtual environment interaction and offers possibilities of exploiting virtual environments as educational tools. At Zayed University, a federal university primarily for women citizens of the United Arab Emirates, we have integrated student-faculty research and documented and reconstructed a number of historical buildings within the curriculum of the Department of Art and Design. We have further collaborated with the animation program at Winston Salem State University in North Carolina, utilizing the motion capture laboratory at the Center of Design Innovation to literally breathe life into these reconstructions. The primary idea is to contribute to the ongoing documentation of the country’s heritage through creating “responsive virtual heritage environments” where the spectator is actively engaged in exploring the digital space and gain certain degrees of control over the course and scheme of the dynamic experience. The process begins by introducing students to utilize the diverse capabilities of CAD and three dimensional computer applications and intertwine the technical skills they acquire to construct virtual computer models of indigenous built environments. The workflow between the different applications is crucial to stimulate students’ problem solving abilities and tame the application tools, specifically when constructing complex objects and structural details. In addition the spatial and temporal specificity different computer applications afford has proven useful in highlighting and analyzing the buildings’ function within the extreme climate of the country and their role in the political-economy, particularly in visualizing the ephemeral qualities of the architecture as they relate to passive cooling and the inter-relationships between built and natural environments. Light and time settings clarify shadow casting and explain the placement and orientation of buildings. Particle simulations demonstrate the harnessing of wind and rain both urban and rural settings. The quantitative data accumulated and charted through CAD and VR programs and geo-browsers can be integrated with qualitative data to create a more holistic analytical framework for understanding the complex nature of past settlement patterns. In addition, the dynamic nature of this integration creates a powerful educational tool. This paper reviews this ongoing research project with examples of reconstructions completed across the country, demonstrating analytical and educational possibilities through the integration of CAD programs with a range of other statistical, geographic, and visualization software.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2011/03/01 07:36

_id	ijac20108204
id	ijac20108204
authors	Jacobus, Frank; Jay McCormack, Josh Hartung
year	2010
title	The Chair Back Experiment: Hierarchical Temporal Memory and the Evolution of Artificial Intelligence in Architecture
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 8 - no. 2, 151-164
summary	Computational synthesis tools that automatically generate solutions to design problems are not widely used in architectural practice despite many years of research. This deficiency can be attributed, in part, to the difficulty of constructing robust building specific databases. New advances in artificial intelligence such as Hierarchical Temporal Memory (HTM) have the potential to make the construction of these databases more realistic in the near future. Based on an emerging theory of human neurological function, HTMs excel at ambiguous pattern recognition. This paper includes a first experiment using HTMs for learning and recognizing patterns in the form of visual style characteristics in three distinct chair back types. Results from the experiment indicate that HTMs develop a similar storage of quality to humans and are therefore a promising option for capturing multi-modal information in future design automation efforts.
series	journal
last changed	2019/05/24 09:55

_id	ecaade2010_097
id	ecaade2010_097
authors	Kontovourkis, Odysseas
year	2010
title	Computer-Generated Circulation Diagrams in Macro-Scale Design Investigation
source	FUTURE CITIES [28th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-9-6] ETH Zurich (Switzerland) 15-18 September 2010, pp.623-632
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2010.623
wos	WOS:000340629400067
summary	This paper demonstrates an ongoing research investigation, which is the continuation of the author’s doctoral research on a computer-based design approach that is used for the generation of circulation diagrams, and the spatial organization of functional areas in macro-scale design level. The paper introduces a computer program that is based on the idea of particle behavior modeling. The program simulates the human movement behavior in real time and in parallel, based on simple rules of interaction between particles. The model is called a ‘virtual force’ model, since the interaction between particles, and hence human movement behavior modeling, is achieved by using various forces that are acting upon each particle. Any changes on the rules of interaction can produce different results, allowing architects to investigate various design possibilities and study the human movement behavior in different design case studies. In this paper the idea of modeling such movement behavior is investigated and developed further, in order for it to be used for the design of circulation systems, and to suggest solutions to problems that occur in public areas of cities.
keywords	Circulation diagrams; Human movement behavior; Macro-scale design
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	ecaade2010_214
id	ecaade2010_214
authors	Lemberski, David; Hemmerling, Marco
year	2010
title	Mixer Modeling – An Intuitive Design Tool: Using a hardware controller to actuate parametric design software
source	FUTURE CITIES [28th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-9-6] ETH Zurich (Switzerland) 15-18 September 2010, pp.453-458
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2010.453
wos	WOS:000340629400049
summary	Music and architecture share not only phenomenological similarities in relation to their characteristics - like volume, timbre, tone pitch, instrumentation vs. geometry, materiality, light ambiance or perspective - but imply as well comparability in the process of creation. The investigation of digital tools that cross borders between music and architecture was the starting point for the research project „Mixer Modeling“. Against this background the paper discusses the transformation of a musical composition controller into an intuitive design tool for the generation of architectural geometries. In the same amount that the use of a MIDI-controller increases the degrees of freedom for the simultaneous activation of various parameters the definition of geometric dependencies on the level of visual programming become more important for the resulting geometry.
keywords	Intuitive design tool; Parametric design; Music and architecture; Hardware controller; MIDI; Visual programming; Human-computer interaction
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	caadria2023_395
id	caadria2023_395
authors	Luo, Jiaxiang, Mastrokalou, Efthymia, Aldaboos, Sarah and Aldabous, Rahaf
year	2023
title	Research on the Exploration of Sprayed Clay Material and Modeling System
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 231–240
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.2.231
summary	As a traditional building material, clay has been used by humans for a long time. From early civilisations, to the modern dependence on new technologies, the craft of clay making is commonly linked with the use of moulds, handmade creations, ceramic extruders, etc. (Schmandt and Besserat, 1977). Clay in the form of bricks is one of the oldest building materials known (Fernandes et al, 2010). This research expands the possibilities offered by standardised bricks by testing types of clay, forms, shapes, porosity, and structural methods. The traditional way of working with clay relies on human craftsmanship and is based on the use of semi-solid clay (Fernandes et al., 2010). However, there is little research on the use of clay slurry. With the rise of 3D printing systems in recent years, research and development has been emerging on using clay as a 3D printing filament (Gürsoy, 2018). Researchers have discovered that in order for 3D-printed clay slurry to solidify quickly to support the weight of the added layers during printing, curing agents such as lime, coal ash, cement, etc. have to be added to the clay slurry. After adding these substances, clay is difficult to be reused and can have a negative effect on the environment (Chen et al., 2021). In this study, a unique method for manufacturing clay elements of intricate geometries is proposed with the help of an internal skeleton that can be continuously reused. The study introduces the process of applying clay on a special structure through spraying and showcases how this method creates various opportunities for customisation of production.
keywords	Spray clay, Substructure, 3D printing, Modelling system, Reusable
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	acadia11_132
id	acadia11_132
authors	MacDowell, Parke; Tomova, Diana
year	2011
title	Robotic Rod-bending: Digital Drawing in Physical Space
source	ACADIA 11: Integration through Computation [Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA)] [ISBN 978-1-6136-4595-6] Banff (Alberta) 13-16 October, 2011, pp. 132-137
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2011.132
summary	This paper details preliminary project-based design research that emphasizes the development of tools and processes in tandem with the development of ideas and forms. Amid increasingly mechanized fabrication processes, this project injects the human as code-writer and tool-builder, asserting authorship within the modes of production themselves. The initial output from this foray, wavePavilion is an architectural installation generated by computer algorithms and built using custom digital fabrication technology. Completed in June 2010, the project is located on the grounds of the University of Michigan Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning. wavePavilion has a footprint of 20x30 feet and stands 14 feet tall, containing over a kilometer of 1/4-inch diameter steel rod.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	cf2011_p016
id	cf2011_p016
authors	Merrick, Kathryn; Gu Ning
year	2011
title	Supporting Collective Intelligence for Design in Virtual Worlds: A Case Study of the Lego Universe
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 637-652.
summary	Virtual worlds are multi-faceted technologies. Facets of virtual worlds include graphical simulation tools, communication, design and modelling tools, artificial intelligence, network structure, persistent object-oriented infrastructure, economy, governance and user presence and interaction. Recent studies (Merrick et al., 2010) and applications (Rosenman et al., 2006; Maher et al., 2006) have shown that the combination of design, modelling and communication tools, and artificial intelligence in virtual worlds makes them suitable platforms for supporting collaborative design, including human-human collaboration and human-computer co-creativity. Virtual worlds are also coming to be recognised as a platform for collective intelligence (Levy, 1997), a form of group intelligence that emerges from collaboration and competition among large numbers of individuals. Because of the close relationship between design, communication and virtual world technologies, there appears a strong possibility of using virtual worlds to harness collective intelligence for supporting upcoming ‚Äúdesign challenges on a much larger scale as we become an increasingly global and technological society‚Äù (Maher et al, 2010), beyond the current support for small-scale collaborative design teams. Collaborative design is relatively well studied and is characterised by small-scale, carefully structured design teams, usually comprising design professionals with a good understanding of the design task at hand. All team members are generally motivated and have the skills required to structure the shared solution space and to complete the design task. In contrast, collective design (Maher et al, 2010) is characterised by a very large number of participants ranging from professional designers to design novices, who may need to be motivated to participate, whose contributions may not be directly utilised for design purposes, and who may need to learn some or all of the skills required to complete the task. Thus the facets of virtual worlds required to support collective design differ from those required to support collaborative design. Specifically, in addition to design, communication and artificial intelligence tools, various interpretive, mapping and educational tools together with appropriate motivational and reward systems may be required to inform, teach and motivate virtual world users to contribute and direct their inputs to desired design purposes. Many of these world facets are well understood by computer game developers, as level systems, quests or plot and achievement/reward systems. This suggests the possibility of drawing on or adapting computer gaming technologies as a basis for harnessing collective intelligence in design. Existing virtual worlds that permit open-ended design ‚Äì such as Second Life and There ‚Äì are not specifically game worlds as they do not have extensive level, quest and reward systems in the same way as game worlds like World of Warcraft or Ultima Online. As such, while Second Life and There demonstrate emergent design, they do not have the game-specific facets that focus users towards solving specific problems required for harnessing collective intelligence. However, a new massively multiplayer virtual world is soon to be released that combines open-ended design tools with levels, quests and achievement systems. This world is called Lego Universe (www.legouniverse.com). This paper presents technology spaces for the facets of virtual worlds that can contribute to the support of collective intelligence in design, including design and modelling tools, communication tools, artificial intelligence, level system, motivation, governance and other related facets. We discuss how these facets support the design, communication, motivational and educational requirements of collective intelligence applications. The paper concludes with a case study of Lego Universe, with reference to the technology spaces defined above. We evaluate the potential of this or similar tools to move design beyond the individual and small-scale design teams to harness large-scale collective intelligence. We also consider the types of design tasks that might best be addressed in this manner.
keywords	collective intelligence, collective design, virtual worlds, computer games
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	ijac20108201
id	ijac20108201
authors	Muslimin, Rizal
year	2010
title	Interweaving Grammar: Reconfiguring Vernacular Structure Through Parametric Shape Grammar
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 8 - no. 2, 93-110
summary	This paper re-examines the interweaving method to demonstrate how architectural computation can reinterpret the advantages of this traditional crafting techniques for its geometrical compatibility and rule generativity. Firstly, the technique analyzes and reconfigures load distribution of a traditional interwoven surface to mimic its structural principle. Secondly, from this structural reconfiguration, the study applies parametric shape grammar to define interweaving rules. The rules generate various patterns with rigid local materials that fit the size of human hand. The experiment in this study shows that interweaving grammar can generate ornamental-structural components with three different load distributions, three different segmented materials and in three different spatial dimensions (point, line and plane).
series	journal
last changed	2019/05/24 09:55

_id	ijac20108407
id	ijac20108407
authors	Pasold, Anke; Isak Worre Foged
year	2010
title	Function Follows Performance in Evolutionary Computational Processing-Vertical Evolution
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 8 - no. 4, p. 525
summary	As the title ‘Function Follows Performance in Evolutionary Computational Processing’ suggests, this paper explores the potentials of employing multiple design and evaluation criteria within one processing model in order to account for a number of performative parameters desired within varied architectural projects. At the core lies the formulation of a methodology that is based upon the idea of human and computational selection in accordance with pre-defined performance criteria that can be adapted to different requirements by the mere change of parameter input in order to reach location specific design solutions.
series	journal
last changed	2019/05/24 09:55

_id	acadia20_668
id	acadia20_668
authors	Pasquero, Claudia; Poletto, Marco
year	2020
title	Deep Green
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume I: Technical Papers [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95213-0]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by B. Slocum, V. Ago, S. Doyle, A. Marcus, M. Yablonina, and M. del Campo. 668-677.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2020.1.668
summary	Ubiquitous computing enables us to decipher the biosphere’s anthropogenic dimension, what we call the Urbansphere (Pasquero and Poletto 2020). This machinic perspective unveils a new postanthropocentric reality, where the impact of artificial systems on the natural biosphere is indeed global, but their agency is no longer entirely human. This paper explores a protocol to design the Urbansphere, or what we may call the urbanization of the nonhuman, titled DeepGreen. With the development of DeepGreen, we are testing the potential to bring the interdependence of digital and biological intelligence to the core of architectural and urban design research. This is achieved by developing a new biocomputational design workflow that enables the pairing of what is algorithmically drawn with what is biologically grown (Pasquero and Poletto 2016). In other words, and more in detail, the paper will illustrate how generative adversarial network (GAN) algorithms (Radford, Metz, and Soumith 2015) can be trained to “behave” like a Physarum polycephalum, a unicellular organism endowed with surprising computational abilities and self-organizing behaviors that have made it popular among scientist and engineers alike (Adamatzky 2010) (Fig. 1). The trained GAN_Physarum is deployed as an urban design technique to test the potential of polycephalum intelligence in solving problems of urban remetabolization and in computing scenarios of urban morphogenesis within a nonhuman conceptual framework.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

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