Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	ecaade2010_158
id	ecaade2010_158
authors	Kuo, Jeannette; Zausinger, Dominik
year	2010
title	Scale and Complexity: Multi-layered, multi-scalar agent networks in time-based urban design
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2010.651
source	FUTURE CITIES [28th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-9-6] ETH Zurich (Switzerland) 15-18 September 2010, pp.651-657
summary	Urban design, perhaps even more than architecture, is a timedependent discipline. With its multi-layered complexities, from individual buildings to entire regions, decisions made at one level, that may not show effect immediately, may prove to have disastrous consequences further down the line. The need to incorporate time-based simulations in urban modeling, and the demand for a means of evaluating the changes have led to explorations with multi-agent systems in computation that allow for decisions to be decentralized. From the first basic rule-based system of Conway’s Game of Life [1] to recent urban simulations developed at institutions like the ETH Zurich [2], or UCL CASA [3], these programs synthesize the various exigencies into complex simulations so that the designer may make informed decisions. It is however not enough to simply use parametrics in urban design. Rules or desires implemented at one scale may not apply to another, while isolating each scalar layer for independent study reverts to the disjunctive and shortsighted practices of past planning decisions. Central to current parametric research in urban design is the need to deal with multiple scales of urbanism with specific intelligence that can then feed back into the collective system: a networked parametric environment. This paper will present the results from a city-generator, developed in Processing by Dino Rossi, Dominik Zausinger and Jeannette Kuo, using multiagent systems that operate interactively at various scales.
wos	WOS:000340629400070
keywords	Agent-based modeling; Cellular automata; Parametric urbanism; Neural network; Complexity; Genetic algorithm; Urban dynamics
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	cf2011_p016
id	cf2011_p016
authors	Merrick, Kathryn; Gu Ning
year	2011
title	Supporting Collective Intelligence for Design in Virtual Worlds: A Case Study of the Lego Universe
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 637-652.
summary	Virtual worlds are multi-faceted technologies. Facets of virtual worlds include graphical simulation tools, communication, design and modelling tools, artificial intelligence, network structure, persistent object-oriented infrastructure, economy, governance and user presence and interaction. Recent studies (Merrick et al., 2010) and applications (Rosenman et al., 2006; Maher et al., 2006) have shown that the combination of design, modelling and communication tools, and artificial intelligence in virtual worlds makes them suitable platforms for supporting collaborative design, including human-human collaboration and human-computer co-creativity. Virtual worlds are also coming to be recognised as a platform for collective intelligence (Levy, 1997), a form of group intelligence that emerges from collaboration and competition among large numbers of individuals. Because of the close relationship between design, communication and virtual world technologies, there appears a strong possibility of using virtual worlds to harness collective intelligence for supporting upcoming ‚Äúdesign challenges on a much larger scale as we become an increasingly global and technological society‚Äù (Maher et al, 2010), beyond the current support for small-scale collaborative design teams. Collaborative design is relatively well studied and is characterised by small-scale, carefully structured design teams, usually comprising design professionals with a good understanding of the design task at hand. All team members are generally motivated and have the skills required to structure the shared solution space and to complete the design task. In contrast, collective design (Maher et al, 2010) is characterised by a very large number of participants ranging from professional designers to design novices, who may need to be motivated to participate, whose contributions may not be directly utilised for design purposes, and who may need to learn some or all of the skills required to complete the task. Thus the facets of virtual worlds required to support collective design differ from those required to support collaborative design. Specifically, in addition to design, communication and artificial intelligence tools, various interpretive, mapping and educational tools together with appropriate motivational and reward systems may be required to inform, teach and motivate virtual world users to contribute and direct their inputs to desired design purposes. Many of these world facets are well understood by computer game developers, as level systems, quests or plot and achievement/reward systems. This suggests the possibility of drawing on or adapting computer gaming technologies as a basis for harnessing collective intelligence in design. Existing virtual worlds that permit open-ended design ‚Äì such as Second Life and There ‚Äì are not specifically game worlds as they do not have extensive level, quest and reward systems in the same way as game worlds like World of Warcraft or Ultima Online. As such, while Second Life and There demonstrate emergent design, they do not have the game-specific facets that focus users towards solving specific problems required for harnessing collective intelligence. However, a new massively multiplayer virtual world is soon to be released that combines open-ended design tools with levels, quests and achievement systems. This world is called Lego Universe (www.legouniverse.com). This paper presents technology spaces for the facets of virtual worlds that can contribute to the support of collective intelligence in design, including design and modelling tools, communication tools, artificial intelligence, level system, motivation, governance and other related facets. We discuss how these facets support the design, communication, motivational and educational requirements of collective intelligence applications. The paper concludes with a case study of Lego Universe, with reference to the technology spaces defined above. We evaluate the potential of this or similar tools to move design beyond the individual and small-scale design teams to harness large-scale collective intelligence. We also consider the types of design tasks that might best be addressed in this manner.
keywords	collective intelligence, collective design, virtual worlds, computer games
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	ecaade2010_054
id	ecaade2010_054
authors	Wurzer, Gabriel; Fioravanti, Antonio; Loffreda, Gianluigi; Trento, Armando
year	2010
title	Function & Action: Verifying a functional program in a game-oriented environment
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2010.389
source	FUTURE CITIES [28th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-9-6] ETH Zurich (Switzerland) 15-18 September 2010, pp.389-394
summary	The finding of a functional program for any kind of building involves a great amount of knowledge about the behavior of future building users. This knowledge can be gathered by looking at relevant building literature (Adler, 1999; Neufert and Neufert, 2000) or by investigating the actual processes taking place in similar environments, the latter being demonstrated e.g. by (Schütte-Lihotzky, 2004) or new functionalist approaches of the MVRDV group (Costanzo, 2006)). Both techniques have the disadvantage that the architect might assume a behavior which is seldom experienced in real life (either through lack of information or by failing to meet the building user’s expectations). What is needed is a verification step in which the design is tested on real users. We have devised a game-like environment (Figure 1a) in which it is possible to capture the behavior of future building users in order to verify the relevance of the design even at a very early stage. As result of applying our approach, we can find previously overlooked usage situations, which may be used to further adapt the design to the user’s needs.
wos	WOS:000340629400041
keywords	Requirements checking; Participative design
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	ecaade2010_063
id	ecaade2010_063
authors	Gourdoukis, Dimitris
year	2010
title	Protocol Growth: Development of adaptable city models through self-organization
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2010.605
source	FUTURE CITIES [28th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-9-6] ETH Zurich (Switzerland) 15-18 September 2010, pp.605-614
summary	Protocol Growth attempts to approach the process of design in an alternative, bottom-up fashion, that is not based on master planning but instead on the development of a protocol that would allow infrastructure to ‘selforganize’, adapting at the same time to the conditions that it encounters. First, the concept of the protocol is explained and positioned in its historical context in order to better understand the needs that it satisfies. Then the characteristics of such an approach are illustrated through the example of a structure that aims to the development of a system that would allow for a settlement to face the rising of the water level because of global warming. The model proposed, instead of following a ‘long term’ plan adapts itself to the situation that it encounters and grows in height following an algorithm designed for that reason.
wos	WOS:000340629400065
keywords	City growth; Protocol; Self-organization; Computation; Cellular automata
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	caadria2010_012
id	caadria2010_012
authors	Gu, Ning; Vishal Singh and Kathryn Merrick
year	2010
title	A framework to integrate generative design techniques for enhancing design automation
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2010.127
source	Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / Hong Kong 7-10 April 2010, pp. 127-136
summary	This paper presents and demonstrates a computational framework that facilitates the integration of different generative design techniques to enhance design automation. The framework is based on the evaluation and comparison of four main generative design algorithms. Effectiveness of the framework is demonstrated through an example scenario. Compared to most existing generative design systems that are based on one of the techniques, which often bias the generative design process in a certain direction, new generative design systems by applying the proposed framework will provide the trigger at each stage as demonstrated in the example scenario for the designer to perceive the emergent designs from different viewpoints. This advantage will enhance design generation and automation by assisting the designer in making more informed decisions in understanding and selecting the suitable generative techniques for different design needs.
keywords	Generative design systems; shape grammars; L-systems; cellular automata; genetic algorithms
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	ecaade2010_183
id	ecaade2010_183
authors	Bourdakis, Vassilis
year	2010
title	Designing Interactions: A step forward from time based media and synthetic space design in architectural education
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2010.151
source	FUTURE CITIES [28th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-9-6] ETH Zurich (Switzerland) 15-18 September 2010, pp.151-156
summary	The paper follows the development of digital tools for architects and briefly discusses their utility within education and practice. The move from static CAD tools to time based media followed by programmatic processes and virtual environment design is addressing the evolution of the profession and to an extent reflects practitioners’ needs. The paper focuses on the notion of interactivity and how it is been addressed in various fields. Borrowing from computer science and game design the author presents a course dealing with designing interactivity, responsiveness and users feeding their input back in the design. The aim of the paper is to analyse and support a new set of tools in architectural curricula that will implement interactivity and integrate it into spatial design leading to a holistic approach promoting intelligence, hybridity and responsiveness of the built environment. Following, the elaboration of the rationale, a brief discussion on tools and project directions is carried out.
wos	WOS:000340629400016
keywords	Interaction; Virtual environments; Time based media; Curriculum; Intelligent environments
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	cf2011_p135
id	cf2011_p135
authors	Chen Rui, Irene; Schnabel Marc Aurel
year	2011
title	Multi-touch - the future of design interaction
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 557-572.
summary	The next major revolution for design is to bring the natural user interaction into design activities. Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) brought a new approach that was more effective compared to their conventional predecessors. In recent years, Natural User Interfaces (NUI) have advanced user experiences and multi-touch and gesture technologies provide new opportunities for a variety of potential uses in design. Much attention has been paid to leverage in the design of interactive interfaces. The mouse input and desktop screen metaphors limit the information sharing for multiple users and also delayed the direct interaction for communication between each other. This paper proposes the innovative method by integrating game engine ‘Unity3D’ with multi-touch tangible interfaces. Unity3D provides a game development tool as part of its application package that has been designed to let users to focus on creating new games. However, it does not limit the usage of area to design additional game scenarios since the benefits of Unity3D is allowing users to build 3D environments with its customizable and easy to use editor, graphical pipelines to openGL (http://unity3d.com/, 2010 ). It creates Virtual Reality (VR) environments which can simulates places in the real world, as well as the virtual environments helping architects and designers to vividly represent their design concepts through 3D visualizations, and interactive media installations in a detailed multi-sensory experience. Stereoscopic displays advanced their spatial ability while solving issues to design e.g. urban spaces. The paper presents how a multi-touch tabletop can be used for these design collaboration and communication tasks. By using natural gestures, designers can now communicate and share their ideas by manipulating the same reference simultaneously using their own input simultaneously. Further studies showed that 3Dl forms are perceived and understood more readily through haptic and proprioceptive perception of tangible representations than through visual representation alone (Gillet et al, 2005). Based on the authors’ framework presented at the last CAADFutures, the benefits of integrating 3D visualization and tactile sensory can be illustrated in this platform (Chen and Wang, 2009), For instance, more than one designer can manipulate the 3D geometry objects on tabletop directly and can communicate successfully their ideas freely without having to waiting for the next person response. It made the work more effective which increases the overall efficiency. Designers can also collect the real-time data by any change they make instantly. The possibilities of Uniy3D make designing very flexible and fun, it is deeply engaging and expressive. Furthermore, the unity3D is revolutionizing the game development industry, its breakthrough development platform for creating highly interactive 3D content on the web (http://unity3d.com/ , 2010) or similar to the interface of modern multimedia devices such as the iPhone, therefore it allows the designers to work remotely in a collaborative way to integrate the design process by using the individual mobile devices while interacting design in a common platform. In design activities, people create an external representation of a domain, often of their own ideas and understanding. This platform helps learners to make their ideas concrete and explicit, and once externalized, subsequently they reflect upon their work how well it sits the real situation. The paper demonstrates how this tabletop innovatively replaces the typical desktop metaphor. In summary, the paper addresses two major issues through samples of collaborative design: firstly presenting aspects of learners’ interactions with physical objects, whereby tangible interfaces enables them constructing expressive representations passively (Marshall, 2007), while focussing on other tasks; and secondly showing how this novel design tool allows designers to actively create constructions that might not be possible with conventional media.
keywords	Multi-touch tabletop, Tangible User Interface
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	caadria2010_035
id	caadria2010_035
authors	Lo, Chia-Hui; Ih-Cheng Lai and Teng-Wen Chang
year	2010
title	Playing jigsaw: finding the underlying structure of assembling ideas within design productive process
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2010.371
source	Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / Hong Kong 7-10 April 2010, pp. 371-380
summary	Idea generation in design productive process often occurs within brainstorming sessions. Linking ideas is the key mechanism in this process to produce design. Through linking ideas, a graph-like knowledge is representing the individual memories with the nodes and arcs that are the ideas and the links between ideas respectively. Design is the process of puzzle-making, such thinking process is similar to play jigsaw. This research applies a computational tool (called DIM) to produce a graph-like knowledge including diverse jigsaw-like ideas and their relationships. Then we use protocol analysis to understand how designers organise the ideas. The objective is to find the hidden patterns of assembling ideas in the design productive process. Some feasibilities of the game mechanisms are proposed in this paper.
keywords	design production; linking ideas; graph-like knowledge; protocol analysis; puzzle-making
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	caadria2010_037
id	caadria2010_037
authors	Pelosi, Antony W.
year	2010
title	Obstacles of utilising real-time 3D visualisation in architectural representations and documentation
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2010.391
source	Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / Hong Kong 7-10 April 2010, pp. 391-400
summary	This paper describes obstacles in using current generation software for real-time 3D visualisations in architectural representations. The obstacles discussed are focused on three areas, controllability of first person view navigation, spatial quality of real-time environment and geometry interoperability. With the increased influence of leading 3D computer games, how can AEC industries leverage the potentials they offer, advanced user interaction and realistic spatial environments. The paper compares CAD and BIM software with current generation 3D computer Game engines.
keywords	Real-time; visualisation; game engine; architectural representation
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	sigradi2010_434
id	sigradi2010_434
authors	Ramírez, Camacho Ángela; Robayo Gómez Jenny; Sotaquirá Gutiérrez Ricardo
year	2010
title	Interfaz táctil que mejora la inmersión en un juego de simulación educativo [Touch interface which improves immersion in an educational simulation game]
source	SIGraDi 2010_Proceedings of the 14th Congress of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics, pp. Bogotá, Colombia, November 17-19, 2010, pp. 434-437
summary	A major change in the way we interact with software and technology is taking place; it is both a technological and a conceptual change. This paper presents the design of a new touch - screen interface for a previously - created educational simulation game. This research shows that interactive designs and touch - screens improve the immersion level and learning of people using the game.
keywords	educational simulation game, interaction design, touch - screen, human computer interaction, system dynamics
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:58

_id	sigradi2010_290
id	sigradi2010_290
authors	Toloudi, Zenovia
year	2010
title	Forming and Perceiving Architectonic Taste through PICANICO and Architaste
source	SIGraDi 2010_Proceedings of the 14th Congress of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics, pp. Bogotá, Colombia, November 17-19, 2010, pp. 290-293
summary	This paper assumes that in an information - rich and time - poor society, mental shortcuts that discourage rational thought are important in shaping decisions among selections. The research focuses on understanding and forming the taste of people on architects’ identities. The broader scope aims to establish an architectonic language of communication based on the links emerging among identity - taste dyads. The methodology consists of surveys, social networks analysis tools and PICANICO game: they all gather, classify and eventually form this language’s mental shortcuts. A possible application of this experimentation is an interface between the architect and the client, where the learning yields out of a left right arrow.
keywords	identity, taste, aesthetics, form, decision making
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 10:01

_id	lasg_hylozoicground_2010_fulltext
id	lasg_hylozoicground_2010_fulltext
year	2010
title	Hylozoic Ground; Liminal Responsive Architecture
source	Hylozoic Ground; Liminal Responsive Architecture [ISBN 978-1-926724-02-7] Riverside Architectural Press: Toronto, Canada 2010.
summary	Introductory summary of developing Hylozoic Series, a collection of life-like architectural structures
keywords	Hylozoism, Hylozoic series, components, assemblies, design process
last changed	2019/07/29 14:00

_id	ascaad2010_189
id	ascaad2010_189
authors	Allahaim, Fahad; Anas Alfaris and David Leifer
year	2010
title	Towards Changeability
source	CAAD - Cities - Sustainability [5th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2010 / ISBN 978-1-907349-02-7], Fez (Morocco), 19-21 October 2010, pp. 189-200
summary	Many buildings around the world have undergone successive changes over their life cycles. Regardless of the type or size of a building there are usually requirements for change due to several unanticipated forces and emerging uncertainties that act upon them. These changes might be in the building’s spatial, structural or service systems. This can be due to changes in the needs of occupants, the market demand or technological advances. Although buildings undergo change, current design practice does not address this and buildings are still designed as if they will remain static. This paper proposes an Adaptable Buildings Design (ABD) Framework to address the issue of adaptability in building design. Using this methodology uncertainties and future changes are first identified. To increase the building’s longevity, flexibility options are embedded and design rules are formulated to trigger these options when necessary. The value of adaptability is then assessed by implementing several simulations using Real Options Analysis (ROA). To demonstrate the approach, the ABD is applied to a multi-use commercial building case study. Flexibility is embedded in the building’s design across several systems allowing it to change and evolve over time based on a set of design rules. The buildings adaptability is then assessed using ROA. Positive results demonstrate the strength of the proposed methodology in addressing future change and uncertaintie.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2011/03/01 07:36

_id	acadia10_125
id	acadia10_125
authors	Andersen, Paul; Salomon, David
year	2010
title	The Pattern That Connects
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2010.125
source	ACADIA 10: LIFE in:formation, On Responsive Information and Variations in Architecture [Proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-1-4507-3471-4] New York 21-24 October, 2010), pp. 125-132
summary	While patterns have a spotty history in architecture, their definitions and uses in other fields offer new possibilities for design. This paper examines those definitions and uses—including theories put forward by architectural theorist, Christopher Alexander; art educator, Gyorgy Kepes; chemist, Ilya Prigogine; and anthropologist, Gregory Bateson. Of particular interest is the shift from eternal, essential, universal, and fundamental patterns to fleeting, superficial, specific, and incidental versions. While endemic to many contemporary architectural practices, this multifaceted view of patterns was anticipated by Bateson, who saw them as agents of evolution and learning. His desire to combine redundancy and noise offers architects new ways to understand patterns and use them to link form and information, matter and thought.
keywords	pattern, Bateson, evolution, noise, redundancy, feedback
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	acadia10_313
id	acadia10_313
authors	Banda, Pablo
year	2010
title	Parametric Propagation of Acoustical Absorbers
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2010.313
source	ACADIA 10: LIFE in:formation, On Responsive Information and Variations in Architecture [Proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-1-4507-3471-4] New York 21-24 October, 2010), pp. 313-319
summary	The following paper deals with a performance-driven morphogenetic design task to improve the conditions of room acoustics, using as a case study the material laboratory of the School of Architecture at Federico Santa Maria University of Technology. Combining contemporary Parametric Modeling techniques and a Performance- Based approach, an automatic generative system was produced. This system generated a modular acoustic ceiling based on Helmholtz Resonators. To satisfy sound absorption requirements, acoustic knowledge was embedded within the system. It iterates through a series of design sub-tasks from Acoustic Simulation to Digital Fabrication, searching for a suitable design solution. The internal algorithmic complexity of the design process has been explored through this case study. Although it is focused on an acoustic component, the proposed design methodology can influence other experiences in Parametric Design.
keywords	Parametric Modeling, Sound Absorption & Acoustic Knowledge, Performance-Based Design, Design Task, Scripting, Digital Fabrication, Custom Tools, Honeycomb.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	acadia10_263
id	acadia10_263
authors	Beaman, Michael Leighton; Bader, Stefan
year	2010
title	Responsive Shading \| Intelligent Façade Systems
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2010.263
source	ACADIA 10: LIFE in:formation, On Responsive Information and Variations in Architecture [Proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-1-4507-3471-4] New York 21-24 October, 2010), pp. 263-270
summary	As issues of sustainability gain traction for architects, methodologies for designing, analyzing, and calibrating design solutions have emerged as essential areas of research and development. A number of approaches have been pursued with regard to embedding data into the design process, most fall into one of two approaches to research. The first approach is to mediate environmental impact at the level of applied technology; the second alters building methods and material construction, generating efficient energy use. However, few approaches deal with the crafting of relationships between information and performance on an architectural level. We will examine an approach focused on understanding how crafting relationships between information and design can move architecture towards achieving sustainability. In developing this approach, we created a data-driven design methodology spanning from design inception to construction. Data-driven models, common in the fields of natural science, offer a method to generate and test a multiplicity of responsive solutions. By contextualizing the solutions generated, we were able design though a set of specific and controlled responses rather than as a singular solution. Information utilization requires a new kind of craft that moves beyond instances into relationships and offers performance sensitive issues in design a focused trajectory. We applied this method to the research and development of a responsive shading structure built in conjunction with a thermal testing lab for two test locations – Austin, Texas (Figure. 1 and 2) and Munich, Germany. The following paper chronicles the design and construction at the Texas site over an academic semester.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	cf2011_p127
id	cf2011_p127
authors	Benros, Deborah; Granadeiro Vasco, Duarte Jose, Knight Terry
year	2011
title	Integrated Design and Building System for the Provision of Customized Housing: the Case of Post-Earthquake Haiti
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 247-264.
summary	The paper proposes integrated design and building systems for the provision of sustainable customized housing. It advances previous work by applying a methodology to generate these systems from vernacular precedents. The methodology is based on the use of shape grammars to derive and encode a contemporary system from the precedents. The combined set of rules can be applied to generate housing solutions tailored to specific user and site contexts. The provision of housing to shelter the population affected by the 2010 Haiti earthquake illustrates the application of the methodology. A computer implementation is currently under development in C# using the BIM platform provided by Revit. The world experiences a sharp increase in population and a strong urbanization process. These phenomena call for the development of effective means to solve the resulting housing deficit. The response of the informal sector to the problem, which relies mainly on handcrafted processes, has resulted in an increase of urban slums in many of the big cities, which lack sanitary and spatial conditions. The formal sector has produced monotonous environments based on the idea of mass production that one size fits all, which fails to meet individual and cultural needs. We propose an alternative approach in which mass customization is used to produce planed environments that possess qualities found in historical settlements. Mass customization, a new paradigm emerging due to the technological developments of the last decades, combines the economy of scale of mass production and the aesthetics and functional qualities of customization. Mass customization of housing is defined as the provision of houses that respond to the context in which they are built. The conceptual model for the mass customization of housing used departs from the idea of a housing type, which is the combined result of three systems (Habraken, 1988) -- spatial, building system, and stylistic -- and it includes a design system, a production system, and a computer system (Duarte, 2001). In previous work, this conceptual model was tested by developing a computer system for existing design and building systems (Benr__s and Duarte, 2009). The current work advances it by developing new and original design, building, and computer systems for a particular context. The urgent need to build fast in the aftermath of catastrophes quite often overrides any cultural concerns. As a result, the shelters provided in such circumstances are indistinct and impersonal. However, taking individual and cultural aspects into account might lead to a better identification of the population with their new environment, thereby minimizing the rupture caused in their lives. As the methodology to develop new housing systems is based on the idea of architectural precedents, choosing existing vernacular housing as a precedent permits the incorporation of cultural aspects and facilitates an identification of people with the new housing. In the Haiti case study, we chose as a precedent a housetype called ‚Äúgingerbread houses‚Äù, which includes a wide range of houses from wealthy to very humble ones. Although the proposed design system was inspired by these houses, it was decided to adopt a contemporary take. The methodology to devise the new type was based on two ideas: precedents and transformations in design. In architecture, the use of precedents provides designers with typical solutions for particular problems and it constitutes a departing point for a new design. In our case, the precedent is an existing housetype. It has been shown (Duarte, 2001) that a particular housetype can be encoded by a shape grammar (Stiny, 1980) forming a design system. Studies in shape grammars have shown that the evolution of one style into another can be described as the transformation of one shape grammar into another (Knight, 1994). The used methodology departs takes off from these ideas and it comprises the following steps (Duarte, 2008): (1) Selection of precedents, (2) Derivation of an archetype; (3) Listing of rules; (4) Derivation of designs; (5) Cataloguing of solutions; (6) Derivation of tailored solution.
keywords	Mass customization, Housing, Building system, Sustainable construction, Life cycle energy consumption, Shape grammar
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	acadia10_333
id	acadia10_333
authors	Blough, Lawrence
year	2010
title	Digital Tracery: Fabricating Traits
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2010.333
source	ACADIA 10: LIFE in:formation, On Responsive Information and Variations in Architecture [Proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-1-4507-3471-4] New York 21-24 October, 2010), pp. 333-339
summary	Recently, prototyping enabled by CNC technology has found its way into design practice where concepts can be quickly and economically tested through multiple design iterations that closely approximate the realities of oneto- one construction. This has lead to the promise of renewed research in tectonics and constructional techniques where the traditional concepts of craft and the joint, that were once married to the hand, can be rediscovered through the agency of mass customization. If we apply the lineage of the trait—a representational and cognitive tool to marry complex form with the exigencies of construction—pedagogical approaches can be developed that extend the current interest in intricate surface, structural morphology and geometry towards a robust materiality rooted in componentry, the joint, and part-to-whole relationships. This paper will introduce several threads from the twentieth century that have informed these tendencies in contemporary design practice, emerging from the well spring of Viollet-le-Duc. The thesis is supported by undergraduate model-based research employing digital design and fabrication techniques.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	acadia10_357
id	acadia10_357
authors	Brell-Cokcan, Sigrid; Braumann, Johannes
year	2010
title	A New Parametric Design Tool for Robot Milling
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2010.357
source	ACADIA 10: LIFE in:formation, On Responsive Information and Variations in Architecture [Proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-1-4507-3471-4] New York 21-24 October, 2010), pp. 357-363
summary	This paper proposes the use of parametric design software, which is generally used for real-time analysis and evaluation of architectural design variants, to create a new production immanent design tool for robot milling. Robotic constraints are integrated in the data flow of the parametric model for calculating, visualizing and simulating robot milling toolpaths. As a result of the design process, a physical model together with a milling robot control data file is generated.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	acadia10_159
id	acadia10_159
authors	Bressani, Martin
year	2010
title	Towards a Digital Theory of Affect
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2010.159
source	ACADIA 10: LIFE in:formation, On Responsive Information and Variations in Architecture [Proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-1-4507-3471-4] New York 21-24 October, 2010), pp. 159-163
series	ACADIA
type	panel paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

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