Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	cf2011_p060
id	cf2011_p060
authors	Sheward, Hugo; Eastman Charles
year	2011
title	Preliminary Concept Design (PCD) Tools for Laboratory Buildings, Automated Design Optimization and Assessment Embedded in Building Information Modeling (BIM) Tools.
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 451-476.
summary	The design of laboratory buildings entails the implementation of a variety of design constraints such as building codes; design guidelines and technical requirements. The application of these requires from designers the derivation of data not explicitly available at early stages of design, at the same time there is no precise methodology to control the consistency, and accuracy of their application. Many of these constraints deal with providing secure environmental conditions for the activities inside laboratories and their repercussions both for the building occupants and population in general, these constraints mandate a strict control over the building‚Äôs Mechanical Equipment (MEP), in particular the Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system. Due to the importance of these laboratory designers are expected to assess their designs not only according spatial relationships, but also design variables such as HVAC efficiency, air pressure hierarchies, operational costs, and the possible implications of their design decisions in the biological safety of the facility. At this point in time, there are no practical methods for making these assessments, without having constant interaction with HVAC specialists. The assessment of laboratory design variables, particularly those technical in nature, such as dimensioning of ducts or energy consumption are usually performed at late stages of design. They are performed by domain experts using data manually extracted from design information, with the addition of domain specific knowledge, the evaluation is done mostly through manual calculations or building simulations. In traditional practices most expert evaluations are performed once the architectural design have been completed, the turn around of the evaluation might take hours or days depending on the methods used by the engineer, therefore reducing the possibility for design alternatives evaluation. The results of these evaluations will give clues about sizing of the HVAC equipment, and might generate the need for design reformulations, causing higher development costs and time delays. Several efforts in the development of computational tools for automated design evaluation such as wheel chair accessibility (Han, Law, Latombe, Kunz, 2002) security and circulation (Eastman, 2009), and construction codes (ww.Corenet.gov.sg) have demonstrated the capabilities of rule or parameter based building assessment; several computer applications capable of supporting HVAC engineers in system designing for late concept or design development exist, but little has been done to assess the capabilities of computer applications to support laboratory design during architectural Preliminary Concept Design(PCD) (Trcka, Hensen, 2010). Developments in CAD technologies such as Building Information Modeling (BIM) have opened doors to formal explorations in generative design using rule based or parametric modeling [7]. BIM represents buildings as a collection of objects with their own geometry, attributes, and relations. BIM also allows for the definition of objects parametrically including their relation to other model objects. BIM has enabled the development of automated rule based building evaluation (Eastman, 2009). Most of contemporary BIM applications contemplate in their default user interfaces access to design constraints and object attribute manipulations. Some even allow for the application of rules over these. Such capabilities make BIM viable platforms for automation of design data derivation and for the implementation of generative based design assessment. In this paper we analyze the possibilities provided by contemporary BIM for implementing generative based design assessment in laboratory buildings. In this schema, domain specific knowledge is embedded in to the BIM system as to make explicit design metrics that can help designers and engineers to assess the performance of design alternatives. The implementation of generative design assessments during PCD can help designers and engineers to identify design issues early in the process, reducing the number of revisions and reconfigurations in later stages of design. And generally improving design performance.
keywords	Heating ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC), Building Information Models (BIM), Generative Design Assessment
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	ascaad2010_203
id	ascaad2010_203
authors	Sidawi, Bhzad
year	2010
title	The Sustainable Management of Remote Construction Projects
source	CAAD - Cities - Sustainability [5th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2010 / ISBN 978-1-907349-02-7], Fez (Morocco), 19-21 October 2010, pp. 203-212
summary	This paper discusses investigates the use of present project management practices and systems by the construction department of the Saudi Electric Company (SEC), Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). It highlights shortages of the current management practices and systems and how it affects badly the sustainability dimensions of projects such as quality, scope, time and cost. The literature review suggests that Advanced Electronic Management and Communications systems (AEMCS) may help companies in managing remote projects efficiently thus minimizing the travel time, reducing unnecessary project costs and raising the quality of projects. Little research though was done regarding this issue and it found few unique management problems. A field survey was conducted on contractors and SEC’s supervision teams. It revealed that some of the remote project’s management problems however were caused by unprofessional and non standard project management conduct. It also found that traditional systems are very popular whereas advanced electronic systems are of little use. Participants expressed their concerns about the SEC’s present project management practices and their views regarding the implementation of advanced electronic project management systems and its possible impact on projects’ performance and process. The survey’s outcomes indicated that advanced electronic management systems should be tailored to SEC’s present and prospected needs, meanwhile SEC’s present project management methodologies should be adjusted into sustainable management practices. This would guarantee that project management practices will be substantially improved and sustainable objectives of projects are met. The study should motivate the SEC and other companies in KSA to review their present project management practices and systems, investigate the potentiality of advanced electronic systems use in managing remote projects and explore how to embrace sustainability’s dimensions in project management practices.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2011/03/01 07:36

_id	ecaade2010_158
id	ecaade2010_158
authors	Kuo, Jeannette; Zausinger, Dominik
year	2010
title	Scale and Complexity: Multi-layered, multi-scalar agent networks in time-based urban design
source	FUTURE CITIES [28th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-0-9541183-9-6] ETH Zurich (Switzerland) 15-18 September 2010, pp.651-657
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2010.651
wos	WOS:000340629400070
summary	Urban design, perhaps even more than architecture, is a timedependent discipline. With its multi-layered complexities, from individual buildings to entire regions, decisions made at one level, that may not show effect immediately, may prove to have disastrous consequences further down the line. The need to incorporate time-based simulations in urban modeling, and the demand for a means of evaluating the changes have led to explorations with multi-agent systems in computation that allow for decisions to be decentralized. From the first basic rule-based system of Conway’s Game of Life [1] to recent urban simulations developed at institutions like the ETH Zurich [2], or UCL CASA [3], these programs synthesize the various exigencies into complex simulations so that the designer may make informed decisions. It is however not enough to simply use parametrics in urban design. Rules or desires implemented at one scale may not apply to another, while isolating each scalar layer for independent study reverts to the disjunctive and shortsighted practices of past planning decisions. Central to current parametric research in urban design is the need to deal with multiple scales of urbanism with specific intelligence that can then feed back into the collective system: a networked parametric environment. This paper will present the results from a city-generator, developed in Processing by Dino Rossi, Dominik Zausinger and Jeannette Kuo, using multiagent systems that operate interactively at various scales.
keywords	Agent-based modeling; Cellular automata; Parametric urbanism; Neural network; Complexity; Genetic algorithm; Urban dynamics
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	cf2011_p109
id	cf2011_p109
authors	Abdelmohsen, Sherif; Lee Jinkook, Eastman Chuck
year	2011
title	Automated Cost Analysis of Concept Design BIM Models
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 403-418.
summary	AUTOMATED COST ANALYSIS OF CONCEPT DESIGN BIM MODELS Interoperability: BIM models and cost models This paper introduces the automated cost analysis developed for the General Services Administration (GSA) and the analysis results of a case study involving a concept design courthouse BIM model. The purpose of this study is to investigate interoperability issues related to integrating design and analysis tools; specifically BIM models and cost models. Previous efforts to generate cost estimates from BIM models have focused on developing two necessary but disjoint processes: 1) extracting accurate quantity take off data from BIM models, and 2) manipulating cost analysis results to provide informative feedback. Some recent efforts involve developing detailed definitions, enhanced IFC-based formats and in-house standards for assemblies that encompass building models (e.g. US Corps of Engineers). Some commercial applications enhance the level of detail associated to BIM objects with assembly descriptions to produce lightweight BIM models that can be used by different applications for various purposes (e.g. Autodesk for design review, Navisworks for scheduling, Innovaya for visual estimating, etc.). This study suggests the integration of design and analysis tools by means of managing all building data in one shared repository accessible to multiple domains in the AEC industry (Eastman, 1999; Eastman et al., 2008; authors, 2010). Our approach aims at providing an integrated platform that incorporates a quantity take off extraction method from IFC models, a cost analysis model, and a comprehensive cost reporting scheme, using the Solibri Model Checker (SMC) development environment. Approach As part of the effort to improve the performance of federal buildings, GSA evaluates concept design alternatives based on their compliance with specific requirements, including cost analysis. Two basic challenges emerge in the process of automating cost analysis for BIM models: 1) At this early concept design stage, only minimal information is available to produce a reliable analysis, such as space names and areas, and building gross area, 2) design alternatives share a lot of programmatic requirements such as location, functional spaces and other data. It is thus crucial to integrate other factors that contribute to substantial cost differences such as perimeter, and exterior wall and roof areas. These are extracted from BIM models using IFC data and input through XML into the Parametric Cost Engineering System (PACES, 2010) software to generate cost analysis reports. PACES uses this limited dataset at a conceptual stage and RSMeans (2010) data to infer cost assemblies at different levels of detail. Functionalities Cost model import module The cost model import module has three main functionalities: generating the input dataset necessary for the cost model, performing a semantic mapping between building type specific names and name aggregation structures in PACES known as functional space areas (FSAs), and managing cost data external to the BIM model, such as location and construction duration. The module computes building data such as footprint, gross area, perimeter, external wall and roof area and building space areas. This data is generated through SMC in the form of an XML file and imported into PACES. Reporting module The reporting module uses the cost report generated by PACES to develop a comprehensive report in the form of an excel spreadsheet. This report consists of a systems-elemental estimate that shows the main systems of the building in terms of UniFormat categories, escalation, markups, overhead and conditions, a UniFormat Level III report, and a cost breakdown that provides a summary of material, equipment, labor and total costs. Building parameters are integrated in the report to provide insight on the variations among design alternatives.
keywords	building information modeling, interoperability, cost analysis, IFC
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	ascaad2010_213
id	ascaad2010_213
authors	Babsail, Mohammad; Mahjoub Elnimeiri
year	2010
title	A Computer Process for Investigating Wind Power Production in Building Integrated Wind Turbines
source	CAAD - Cities - Sustainability [5th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2010 / ISBN 978-1-907349-02-7], Fez (Morocco), 19-21 October 2010, pp. 213-220
summary	This paper reports on the computer process to be used in an ongoing research to investigate the effect of architectural parameters of tall buildings on the incorporation of wind turbines. The process combines a generative modeling tool (Grasshopper) and a performance based CFD tool (Virtualwind). The process is demonstrated on three typical tall building plan configurations. The wind speed was simulated at certain locations to demonstrate the ability of tall buildings to enhance the wind speed and thus maximize the energy produced by wind turbines located between twin towers. The process to predict wind power production is lastly listed.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2011/03/01 07:36

_id	caadria2021_110
id	caadria2021_110
authors	Bao, Ding Wen, Yan, Xin, Snooks, Roland and Xie, Yi Min
year	2021
title	SwarmBESO: Multi-agent and evolutionary computational design based on the principles of structural performance
source	A. Globa, J. van Ameijde, A. Fingrut, N. Kim, T.T.S. Lo (eds.), PROJECTIONS - Proceedings of the 26th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Online, Hong Kong, 29 March - 1 April 2021, pp. 241-250
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2021.1.241
summary	This paper posits a design approach that integrates multi-agent generative algorithms and structural topology optimisation to design intricate, structurally efficient forms. The research proposes a connection between two dichotomous principles: architectural complexity and structural efficiency. Both multi-agent algorithms and Bi-directional evolutionary structural optimisation (BESO) (Huang and Xie 2010), are emerging techniques that have significant potential in the design of form and structure.This research proposes a structural behaviour feedback loop through encoding BESO structural rules within the logic of multi-agent algorithms. This hybridisation of topology optimisation and swarm intelligence, described here as SwarmBESO, is demonstrated through two simple structural models. The paper concludes by speculating on the potential of this approach for the design of intricate, complex structures and their potential realisation through additive manufacturing.
keywords	Swarm Intelligence; Multi-agent; BESO (bi-directional evolutionary structural optimisation); Intricate Architectural Form; Efficient Structure
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	acadia10_263
id	acadia10_263
authors	Beaman, Michael Leighton; Bader, Stefan
year	2010
title	Responsive Shading \| Intelligent Façade Systems
source	ACADIA 10: LIFE in:formation, On Responsive Information and Variations in Architecture [Proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-1-4507-3471-4] New York 21-24 October, 2010), pp. 263-270
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2010.263
summary	As issues of sustainability gain traction for architects, methodologies for designing, analyzing, and calibrating design solutions have emerged as essential areas of research and development. A number of approaches have been pursued with regard to embedding data into the design process, most fall into one of two approaches to research. The first approach is to mediate environmental impact at the level of applied technology; the second alters building methods and material construction, generating efficient energy use. However, few approaches deal with the crafting of relationships between information and performance on an architectural level. We will examine an approach focused on understanding how crafting relationships between information and design can move architecture towards achieving sustainability. In developing this approach, we created a data-driven design methodology spanning from design inception to construction. Data-driven models, common in the fields of natural science, offer a method to generate and test a multiplicity of responsive solutions. By contextualizing the solutions generated, we were able design though a set of specific and controlled responses rather than as a singular solution. Information utilization requires a new kind of craft that moves beyond instances into relationships and offers performance sensitive issues in design a focused trajectory. We applied this method to the research and development of a responsive shading structure built in conjunction with a thermal testing lab for two test locations – Austin, Texas (Figure. 1 and 2) and Munich, Germany. The following paper chronicles the design and construction at the Texas site over an academic semester.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	ascaad2010_279
id	ascaad2010_279
authors	Celani, G.; L. Medrano; J. Spinelli
year	2010
title	Unicamp 2030: A plan for increasing a university campus in a sustainable way and an example of integrated use of CAAD simulation and computational design strategies
source	CAAD - Cities - Sustainability [5th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2010 / ISBN 978-1-907349-02-7], Fez (Morocco), 19-21 October 2010, pp. 279-286
summary	The state university of Campinas, Unicamp, is a public university in upstate São Paulo, Brazil, ranked the second best in the country. It was founded in 1966, and its main campus started to be built in 1967, in the suburbs of Campinas, nowadays a two-million people city. The area of the campus is almost 3 million square meters (300 hectares), with a total built area of 522.000 m2 and a population of 40 thousand people - 30 thousand students, 2 thousand faculty members and almost 8 thousand staff members. The campus’ gross population density is 133 people per hectare. Less than 6% of the total campus area is presently occupied. The design of Unicamp's campus is based on concepts that were typical of the modern movement, with reminiscences of corbusian urbanism, in which preference is given to cars and buildings are spread apart on the territory, with little concern to the circulation of pedestrians. The standard building type that has been built on campus since the 1970's is based on non-recyclable materials, and has a poor thermal performance. Unicamp is expected to double its number of students by the year 2030. The campus density is thus expected to grow from 600 people per hectare to almost 1,000 people per hectare. The need to construct new buildings is seen as an opportunity to correct certain characteristics of the campus that are now seen as mistakes, according to sustainability principles. This paper describes a set of proposals targeting the increase of the campus' density in a sustainable way. The plan also aims at increasing the quality of life on campus and diminishing its impact on the environment. The main targets are: - Reducing the average temperature by 2oC; - Reducing the average displacement time by 15 minutes; - Increasing the campus' density by 100%; - Reducing the CO2 emissions by 50%. // In order to achieve these goals, the following actions have been proposed: Developing a new standard building for the university, incorporating sustainability issues, such as the use of renewable and/or recyclable materials, the installation of rainwater storage tanks, the use of natural ventilation for cooling, sitting the buildings in such a way to decrease thermal gain, and other issues that are required for sustainable buildings' international certifications. To assess the performance of the new standard building, different simulation software were used, such as CFD for checking ventilation, light simulation software to assess energy consumption, and so on. 1. Filling up under-utilized urban areas in the campus with new buildings, to make better use of unused infrastructure and decrease the distance between buildings. 2. Proposing new bicycle paths in and outside campus, and proposing changes in the existing bicycle path to improve its safety. 3. Developing a landscape design plan that aims at creating shaded pedestrian and bicycle passageways.
series	ASCAAD
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2021/07/16 10:37

_id	acadia11_186
id	acadia11_186
authors	Chaturvedi, Sanhita; Colmenares, Esteban; Mundim, Thiago
year	2011
title	Knitectonics
source	ACADIA 11: Integration through Computation [Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA)] [ISBN 978-1-6136-4595-6] Banff (Alberta) 13-16 October, 2011, pp. 186-195
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2011.186
summary	The project Knitectonics aims at exploring digital fabrication systems that facilitate optimized, adaptive and specific integrated architectural solutions (Male-Alemany 2010). It is inspired by the beauty of nature systems with their inherent efficiency and performance. The research explored on-site fabrication of monocoques shells, integrating skin and structure along with services and infrastructure, using a simple household technique. It thus embodies a self organized micro system of textures and a macro system of structures. This paper elaborates how the numeric aspects of a textile technique were used, first to digitally imitate the process of assembly and further exploited to develop and visualize a novel fabrication system, based on material research and technical experimentation.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	architectural_intelligence2023_10
id	architectural_intelligence2023_10
authors	Cheng Bi Duan, Su Yi Shen, Ding Wen Bao & Xin Yan
year	2023
title	Innovative design solutions for contemporary Tou-Kung based on topological optimisation
source	Architectural Intelligence Journal
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s44223-023-00028-x
summary	Tou-Kung, which is pronounced in Chinese and known as Bracket Set (Liang & Fairbank, A pictorial history of Chinese architecture, 1984), is a vital support component in the Chinese traditional wooden tectonic systems. It is located between the column and the beam and connects the eave and pillar, making the heavy roof extend out of the eaves longer. The development of Tou-Kung is entirely a microcosm of the development of ancient Chinese architecture; the aesthetic structure and Asian artistic temperament behind Tou-Kung make it gradually become the cultural and spiritual symbol of traditional Chinese architecture. In the contemporary era, inheriting and developing Tou-Kung has become an essential issue. Several architects have attempted to employ new materials and techniques to integrate the traditional Tou-Kung into modern architectural systems, such as the China Pavilion at the 2010 World Expo and Yusuhara Wooden Bridge Museum. This paper introduces the topological optimisation method bi-directional evolutionary structural optimisation (BESO) for form-finding. BESO method is one of the most popular topology optimisation methods widely employed in civil engineering and architecture. Through analyzing the development trend of Tou-Kung and mechanical structure, the authors integrate 2D and 3D optimisation methods and apply the hybrid methods to form-finding. Meanwhile, mortise and tenon joint used to create stable connections with components of Tou-Kung are retained. This research aims to design a new Tou-Kung corresponding to “structural performance-based aesthetics”. The workflow proposed in this paper is valuable for Architrave and other traditional building components.
series	Architectural Intelligence
email
last changed	2025/01/09 15:00

_id	acadia10_258
id	acadia10_258
authors	Doumpioti, Christina; Greenberg, Evan L.; Karatzas, Konstantinos
year	2010
title	Embedded Intelligence: Material Responsiveness in Façade Systems
source	ACADIA 10: LIFE in:formation, On Responsive Information and Variations in Architecture [Proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-1-4507-3471-4] New York 21-24 October, 2010), pp. 258-262
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2010.258
summary	This paper presents recent research for new mechanical systems and façade designs that are able to respond to environmental changes through local interactions, inspired by biological systems. These are based on a model of distributed intelligence founded on insect and animal collectives, from which intelligent behavior emerges through simple local associations. Biological collective systems integrate material form and responsiveness and have the potential to inform new architectural and engineering strategies. The proposed façade system uses integrated sensors and actuators that moderate their local environments through simple interactions with their immediate neighbors. Computational techniques coupled to manufacturing methods and material logics create an integral design framework leading to heterogeneous environmental and structural conditions, producing local responses to environmental stimuli, and ultimately, effective performance of the whole system.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	caadria2010_048
id	caadria2010_048
authors	Gu, Ning; Vishal Singh and Xiangyu Wang
year	2010
title	Applying augmented reality for data interaction and collaboration in BIM
source	Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / Hong Kong 7-10 April 2010, pp. 511-520
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2010.511
summary	Building Information Modelling (BIM) is expected to enable efficient collaboration, improved data integrity, distributed and flexible data sharing, intelligent documentation, and high-quality outcome, through enhanced performance analysis, and expedited multi-disciplinary planning and coordination. Despite these apparent benefits, the collaboration across the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) disciplines is largely based on the exchange of 2D drawings. This paper reports the findings from a research project that aims at developing measures to enhance BIM-based collaboration in the AEC industry. Based on focus group interviews with industry participants and case studies of BIM applications, visualisation was identified as an interactive platform across the design and non-design disciplines. It is argued that visualisation can enhance the motivation for BIM-based collaboration through integration of advanced visualisation techniques such as virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR). An AR interface for a BIM server is also presented and discussed in the paper. AR can open up potential opportunities for exploring alternatives to data representation, organisation and interaction, supporting seamless collaboration in BIM.
keywords	BIM; augmented reality; design collaboration
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	sigradi2020_174
id	sigradi2020_174
authors	Marques, Aline Calazans; Felicio, José Augusto Recker
year	2020
title	Dialogue between Building Shape and Thermal Performance
source	SIGraDi 2020 [Proceedings of the 24th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISSN: 2318-6968] Online Conference 18 - 20 November 2020, pp. 174-179
summary	This paper deals with the research of the building shape in a constant and dialectical relationship with thermal performance. The purpose of this research is to understand and explore the dialogue between shape and performance with generative strategies. The method was based on the works by Oxman (2010), Olgyay (2015), and Di Mari & Yoo (2012), by means that relate the form to performance issues. The thermal performance data found to result from the relationship between thermal conditions, the shape of the envelope, and the characteristics of the eight Brazilian bioclimatic zones.
keywords	Building shape, Thermal performance, Generative system, Teaching observation
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2021/07/16 11:48

_id	sigradi2010_376
id	sigradi2010_376
authors	Palacio, Julián
year	2010
title	Data Urbis: Digital Processes of Analysis and Intervention in Contemporary Cities
source	SIGraDi 2010_Proceedings of the 14th Congress of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics, pp. Bogotá, Colombia, November 17-19, 2010, pp. 376-379
summary	According to a 2008 report on world urbanization published by the United Nations, the number of people living in cities has surpassed the rural population for the first time in history. Furthermore, current projections (United Nations, 2008, 3) show that the majority of growth will occur in cities in the developing world, a tendency which will significantly contribute to the increased complexity of the urban environment. This paper is concerned with critically reflecting on the role of computation in the emergence of recent practices and strategies which intend to successfully confront the intricate performance of present and future metropolises.
keywords	digital design, cities, computation, urbanism; planning
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:57

_id	caadria2013_195
id	caadria2013_195
authors	Park, Jihyun; Azizan Aziz, Kevin Li and Carl Covington
year	2013
title	Energy Performance Modeling of an Office Building and Its Evaluation – Post-Occupancy Evaluation and Energy Efficiency of the Building
source	Open Systems: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2013) / Singapore 15-18 May 2013, pp. 209-218
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2013.209
wos	WOS:000351496100021
summary	Energy performance modelling can provide insights into the efficiency and sustainability of commercial buildings, and also the achievement of certification standards such as USGBC LEED. However, the results from the modelling must be validated via a post-construction evaluation, which quantifies any discrepancies between the predicted energy usage and the actual energy consumed. In this study, an existing office building was examined to test how well the model predicts energy usage. The results from the model were compared with the actual usage of gas and electricity over two years (2010-2011). Our study showed a 123% higher gas usage,and a 36% lower electricity, compared with the simulation. This difference presents that occupant behaviour and building construction practices have significant impact on the energy usage of a building. For instance, the large discrepancy among gas usage is due to the office building’s thermal envelope, which identifies the spots at which heat leaks out of the building, thereby forcing the heating unit to work more. Additionally, the post occupancy evaluation study identified that indoor environmental conditions impact on energy consumption of the building.
keywords	Building performance evaluation, Energy modelling, Energy usage, User behaviour, Post occupancy evaluation
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 08:00

_id	caadria2010_030
id	caadria2010_030
authors	Toth, Bianca; Robin Drogemuller and John Frazer
year	2010
title	Information dependencies between architects and services engineers for early design evaluation: a framework for an energy design tool for architects
source	Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / Hong Kong 7-10 April 2010, pp. 313-222
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2010.313
summary	Effective strategies for the design of efficient and environmentally sensitive buildings require a close collaboration between architects and engineers in the design of the building shell and environmental control systems at the outset of projects. However, it is often not practical for engineers to be involved early on in the design process. It is therefore essential that architects be able to perform preliminary energy analyses to evaluate their proposed designs prior to the major building characteristics becoming fixed. Subsequently, a need exists for a simplified energy design tool for architects. This paper discusses the limitations of existing analysis software in supporting early design explorations and proposes a framework for the development of a tool that provides decision support by permitting architects to quickly assess the performance of design alternatives.
keywords	Performance-based design; energy simulation; decision support; design process; information dependencies
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	ascaad2010_231
id	ascaad2010_231
authors	Turrin, M.; R. Stouffs and S. Sariyildiz
year	2010
title	Parametric Design of the Vela Roof
source	CAAD - Cities - Sustainability [5th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2010 / ISBN 978-1-907349-02-7], Fez (Morocco), 19-21 October 2010, pp. 231-240
summary	Due to the increased request for representative structures and for spaces to be used independent of the weather conditions, contemporary cities increasingly integrate public covered spaces (shadowed squares and streets, courtyards, historic commercial galleries, etc.) in the urban fibre. Facing the design of large roof structures for semi outdoor spaces is increasingly common for architects and engineers. When focusing on large roofs, aesthetics, structural performance and economics often dominate the design process. However, the current increased emphasis on energy-related aspects generates new challenges. Particularly, the use of renewable energy resources needs to be confronted. In this paper we will address the subject through a case study whose design aimed at integrating performance evaluations in the very early stages of the process. The case study focuses on the so-called “Vela roof”. This roof is part of a larger project currently under construction in Bologna (Italy). The focus of the study concerns the use of on-site renewable climate (energy) resources with special attention given passive reduction of summer overheating and daylight. For these tasks a parametric model was developed to support the decision making process and the paper will present its potential with respect to performance-oriented design during the conceptual design phase of roof structure. The very first conceptual design developed by the architectural office was assumed as a starting point for the inclusion of performance criteria. In the preliminary design of the roof uncomfortable conditions were expected under the whole roof in the summer. Various strategies for improving the thermal comfort were investigated, involving a large set of combined systems. Not all of these will be detailed in this paper. Instead we will focus on the ones directly affected by the geometry of the roof. Those are mainly air flow for cooling and the reduction of solar gain, in combination with their effects on daylight. Their investigation was based on a chain of dependencies to be integrated in the design process. With respect to that, parametric modelling was used. Parametric modelling allows both geometrical entities and their relationships to be represented. These relationships are structured in a hierarchical chain of dependencies, established during the preliminary parameterization process. The independent properties of the model are usually expressed through independent parameters, and their variations generate different configurations of the model. By making use of this potential, three project scales were parametrically explored. At the large scale, parametric variations of the overall shape of the roof were investigated in relation to cooling through ventilation and here the parametric model allowed for the generation of both different configurations of the roof, including its structural morphology and variations of its structural tessellation. At the medium scale, the integration of openable modules was investigated in relation to air extraction for cooling; with respect to this, the parametric model allows exploring openings based on variations of size and distribution. At the small scale, various options were explored for the cladding system, in order to reduce the direct solar gain while still allowing the income of indirect natural light. The parametric model was used to investigate the configuration of self-shading modules and their integration in the structure. Specific emphasis will be given to the small scale. The advantages in design process and the current limits of the parametric modelling approach used here will be discussed in the paper.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2011/03/01 07:36

_id	ascaad2010_241
id	ascaad2010_241
authors	Aboreeda, Faten; Dina Taha
year	2010
title	Using Case-Based Reasoning to Aid Sustainable Design
source	CAAD - Cities - Sustainability [5th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2010 / ISBN 978-1-907349-02-7], Fez (Morocco), 19-21 October 2010, pp. 241-246
summary	Since so far there exists only one planet, sustainable design is considered the (ethical) future in all fields of design. Although both architecture and construction are being considered major emitters of green house gases, a wise design not only can lead to minimizing this impact but it can also lead to restoring and regenerating the environment to a sustainable state. This paper presents an on-going research that aims at simplifying the elements and facilitating the process of sustainable design by using case-based reasoning. This is achieved through learning from past experiences; both good and bad ones, by providing a database application with a process-friendly interface which divides the main pillars of sustainable design into categories. Each building contains different stories related to different sustainable related issues. Each story can be repeated in /linked to many buildings. By providing designers with those past experiences, it is believed that deeper-studied designs can be more easily developed. Also a deeper analysis and understanding can be further implemented and produced with less effort for experienced and non-experienced architects in sustainable design. This would also decrease the consumption of time during the design process and encourage even more designers to integrate the sustainability concept into more designs. This research discusses the influence of sustainable design within the architectural domain, and suggests a computer application that aids architects during the preliminary design processes.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2011/03/01 07:36

_id	acadia10_333
id	acadia10_333
authors	Blough, Lawrence
year	2010
title	Digital Tracery: Fabricating Traits
source	ACADIA 10: LIFE in:formation, On Responsive Information and Variations in Architecture [Proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-1-4507-3471-4] New York 21-24 October, 2010), pp. 333-339
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2010.333
summary	Recently, prototyping enabled by CNC technology has found its way into design practice where concepts can be quickly and economically tested through multiple design iterations that closely approximate the realities of oneto- one construction. This has lead to the promise of renewed research in tectonics and constructional techniques where the traditional concepts of craft and the joint, that were once married to the hand, can be rediscovered through the agency of mass customization. If we apply the lineage of the trait—a representational and cognitive tool to marry complex form with the exigencies of construction—pedagogical approaches can be developed that extend the current interest in intricate surface, structural morphology and geometry towards a robust materiality rooted in componentry, the joint, and part-to-whole relationships. This paper will introduce several threads from the twentieth century that have informed these tendencies in contemporary design practice, emerging from the well spring of Viollet-le-Duc. The thesis is supported by undergraduate model-based research employing digital design and fabrication techniques.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	cf2011_p157
id	cf2011_p157
authors	Boton, Conrad; Kubicki Sylvain, Halin Gilles
year	2011
title	Understanding Pre-Construction Simulation Activities to Adapt Visualization in 4D CAD Collaborative Tools
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 477-492.
summary	Increasing productivity and efficiency is an important issue in the AEC field. This area is mainly characterized by fragmentation, heterogeneous teams with low lifetimes and many uncertainties. 4D CAD is one of the greatest innovations in recent years. It consists in linking a 3D model of the building with the works planning in order to simulate the construction evolution over time. 4D CAD can fill several needs from design to project management through constructivity analysis and tasks planning (Tommelein 2003). The literature shows that several applications have been proposed to improve the 4D CAD use (Chau et al. 2004; Lu et al. 2007; Seok & al. 2009). In addition, studies have shown the real impact of 4D CAD use in construction projects (Staub-French & Khanzode 2007; Dawood & Sika 2007). More recently, Mahalingam et al. (2010) showed that the collaborative use of 4D CAD is particularly useful during the pre-construction phase for comparing the constructability of working methods, for visually identifying conflicts and clashes (overlaps), and as visual tool for practitioners to discuss and to plan project progress. So the advantage of the 4D CAD collaborative use is demonstrated. Moreover, several studies have been conducted both in the scientific community and in the industrial world to improve it (Zhou et al. 2009; Kang et al. 2007). But an important need that remains in collaborative 4D CAD use in construction projects is about the adaptation of visualization to the users business needs. Indeed, construction projects have very specific characteristics (fragmentation, variable team, different roles from one project to another). Moreover, in the AEC field several visualization techniques can represent the same concept and actors choose one or another of these techniques according to their specific needs related to the task they have to perform. For example, the tasks planning may be represented by a Gantt chart or by a PERT network and the building elements can be depicted with a 3D model or a 2D plan. The classical view (3D + Gantt) proposed to all practitioners in the available 4D tools seems therefore not suiting the needs of all. So, our research is based on the hypothesis that adapting the visualization to individual business needs could significantly improve the collaboration. This work relies on previous ones and aim to develop a method 1) to choose the best suited views for performed tasks and 2) to compose adapted multiple views for each actor, that we call ‚Äúbusiness views‚Äù. We propose a 4 steps-method to compose business views. The first step identifies the users‚Äô business needs, defining the individual practices performed by each actor, identifying his business tasks and his information needs. The second step identifies the visualization needs related to the identified business needs. For this purpose, the user‚Äôs interactions and visualization tasks are described. This enables choosing the most appropriate visualization techniques for each need (step 3). At this step, it is important to describe the visualization techniques and to be able to compare them. Therefore, we proposed a business view metamodel. The final step (step 4) selects the adapted views, defines the coordination mechanisms and the interaction principles in order to compose coordinated visualizations. A final step consists in a validation work to ensure that the composed views really match to the described business needs. This paper presents the latest version of the method and especially presents our latest works about its first and second steps. These include making more generic the business tasks description in order to be applicable within most of construction projects and enabling to make correspondence with visualization tasks.
keywords	Pre-construction, Simulation, 4D CAD, Collaboration, Computer Supported Cooperative Work, Human-Computer Interface, Information visualization, Business view, Model driven engineering
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

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